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Vu TD, Luong DT, Ho TT, Nguyen Thi TM, Singh V, Chu DT. Drug repurposing for regenerative medicine and cosmetics: Scientific, technological and economic issues. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 207:337-353. [PMID: 38942543 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine and cosmetics are currently two outstanding fields for drug discovery. Although many pharmaceutical products for regenerative medicine and cosmetics have received approval by official agencies, several challenges are still needed to overcome, especially financial and time issues. As a result, drug repositioning, which is the usage of previously approved drugs for new treatment, stands out as a promising approach to tackle these problems. Recently, increasing scientific evidence is collected to demonstrate the applicability of this novel method in the field of regenerative medicine and cosmetics. Experts in drug development have also taken advantage of novel technologies to discover new candidates for repositioning purposes following computational approach, one of two main approaches of drug repositioning. Therefore, numerous repurposed candidates have obtained approval to enter the market and have witnessed financial success such as minoxidil and fingolimod. The benefits of drug repositioning are undeniable for regenerative medicine and cosmetics. However, some aspects still need to be carefully considered regarding this method including actual effectiveness during clinical trials, patent regulations, data integration and analysis, publicly unavailable databases as well as environmental concerns and more effort are required to overcome these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Duong Vu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc Tri Luong
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-Tien Ho
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-My Nguyen Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, India
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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2
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Najafi Z, Rahmanian-Devin P, Baradaran Rahimi V, Nokhodchi A, Askari VR. Challenges and opportunities of medicines for treating tendon inflammation and fibrosis: A comprehensive and mechanistic review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024:e12999. [PMID: 38468183 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendinopathy refers to conditions characterized by collagen degeneration within tendon tissue, accompanied by the proliferation of capillaries and arteries, resulting in reduced mechanical function, pain, and swelling. While inflammation in tendinopathy can play a role in preventing infection, uncontrolled inflammation can hinder tissue regeneration and lead to fibrosis and impaired movement. OBJECTIVES The inability to regulate inflammation poses a significant limitation in tendinopathy treatment. Therefore, an ideal treatment strategy should involve modulation of the inflammatory process while promoting tissue regeneration. METHODS The current review article was prepared by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Several treatment approaches based on biomaterials have been developed. RESULTS This review examines various treatment methods utilizing small molecules, biological compounds, herbal medicine-inspired approaches, immunotherapy, gene therapy, cell-based therapy, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and phototherapy. CONCLUSION These treatments work through mechanisms of action involving signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), all of which contribute to the repair of injured tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Najafi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouria Rahmanian-Devin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Lupin Pharmaceutical Research Center, 4006 NW 124th Ave., Coral Springs, Florida, Florida, 33065, USA
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Bizzoca D, Brunetti G, Moretti L, Piazzolla A, Vicenti G, Moretti FL, Solarino G, Moretti B. Polydeoxyribonucleotide in the Treatment of Tendon Disorders, from Basic Science to Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054582. [PMID: 36902012 PMCID: PMC10002571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a proprietary and registered drug with several beneficial effects, including tissue repairing, anti-ischemic action, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aims to summarize the current evidence about PRDN's clinical effectiveness in the management of tendon disorders. From January 2015 to November 2022, OVID-MEDLINE®, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed were searched to identify relevant studies. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated, and relevant data were extracted. Nine studies (two in vivo studies and seven clinical studies) were finally included in this systematic review. Overall, 169 patients (male: 103) were included in the present study. The effectiveness and safeness of PDRN has been investigated in the management of the following diseases: plantar fasciitis; epicondylitis; Achilles tendinopathy; pes anserine bursitis; chronic rotator cuff disease. No adverse effects have been recorded in the included studies and all the patients showed an improvement in clinical symptoms during the follow-up. PDRN are a valid emerging therapeutic drug in the treatment of tendinopathies. Further multicentric randomized clinical studies are needed to better define the therapeutic role of PDRN, especially in combined clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bizzoca
- UOSD Spine Surgery, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
- PhD. Course in Public Health, Clinical Medicine and Oncology, Department DiMePre-J, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanni Brunetti
- UOSD Spine Surgery, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department DiBraiN, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretti
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department DiBraiN, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Piazzolla
- UOSD Spine Surgery, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vicenti
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department DiBraiN, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Luca Moretti
- National Centre for Chemicals, Cosmetic Products and Consumer Protection, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Solarino
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department DiBraiN, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Biagio Moretti
- Orthopaedics Unit, Department DiBraiN, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Herman-de-Sousa C, Costa MA, Silva RP, Ferreirinha F, Ribeiro S, Correia-de-Sá P. A2A receptor-induced overexpression of pannexin-1 channels indirectly mediates adenosine fibrogenic actions by favouring ATP release from human subcutaneous fibroblasts. Life Sci 2022; 310:121080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Marucci G, Buccioni M, Varlaro V, Volpini R, Amenta F. The possible role of the nucleoside adenosine in countering skin aging: A review. Biofactors 2022; 48:1027-1035. [PMID: 35979986 PMCID: PMC9804842 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin aging is a complex biological process. Skin aspect is considered as a sign of well-being and of beauty. In view of this, noninvasive and/or minimally invasive anti-aging strategies were developed. Adenosine, a well-known nucleoside, may play a role in skin rejuvenation. Adenosine receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptors superfamily and are divided into four subtypes: A1 , A2A , A2B , and A3 . The adenosine receptors expressed by skin are mainly the A1 and A2A subtypes. In the hypodermis, adenosine through the A1 receptor stimulates lipogenesis and adipogenesis. In the dermis, adenosine through the A2A receptor subtype stimulates collagen production. Moreover, the nucleoside increases new DNA synthesis and subsequently protein synthesis in dermal cells. Activation of adenosine receptors by interacting with various skin layers may induce a decrease in the amount of wrinkles, roughness, dryness, and laxity. This article has reviewed the mechanisms through which adenosine modulates biological mechanisms in the skin tissues and the effect of preparations containing adenosine or its derivatives on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Marucci
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, Master in Aesthetic Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | - Michela Buccioni
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, Master in Aesthetic Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | - Vincenzo Varlaro
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, Master in Aesthetic Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, Master in Aesthetic Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, Master in Aesthetic Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
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Corrigendum: Purinergic signaling systems across comparative models of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:689-696. [PMID: 36018196 PMCID: PMC9727416 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.350234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.338993].
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Zhang J, Fu Y, Yang B, Xiang X. Total glucosides of paeony inhibits liver fibrosis and inflammatory response associated with cirrhosis via the FLI1/NLRP3 axis. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:4321-4336. [PMID: 35836848 PMCID: PMC9274563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total glucosides of paeony (TGP) has a myriad of hepatoprotective activities. However, its role in cirrhosis, a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, remains largely unexplored. Here, we determined the impact of TGP on liver fibrosis and inflammation in mice modeled by carbon tetrachloride with an aim to explore a possible molecular mechanism. METHODS Liver fibrosis and inflammation in mice were evaluated using ELISA, hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL methods. The impact of TGP on gene expression in the liver tissues of the mice was investigated using microarray analysis, showing the most significant increase in expression of friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor (FLI1). After loss-of-functions assays of FLI1, the downstream gene of FLI1 was searched by bioinformatics analysis and verified. RESULTS TGP reduced liver tissue damage, inhibited apoptosis, and alleviated liver fibrosis and inflammation in cirrhotic mice. FLI1 was downregulated in the liver of cirrhotic mice and lipopolysaccharide-treated hepatocytes, and TGP promoted the expression of FLI1. FLI1 depletion inhibited the effects of TGP on alleviating liver fibrosis and inflammatory responses in mice. FLI1 repressed Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) transcription by binding to its promoter. Further silencing of NLRP3 in the presence of shFLI1 alleviated histopathological changes, inhibited apoptosis, and attenuated liver fibrosis and inflammatory responses in the liver of cirrhotic mice. CONCLUSIONS TGP promotes the expression of FLI1, which in turn inhibits NLRP3 expression, thereby reducing cirrhosis-induced liver fibrosis and inflammatory response in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou UniversityTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou UniversityTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou UniversityTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiang
- Yangzhou University Medical CollegeYangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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8
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Höppner J, Bruni C, Distler O, Robson SC, Burmester GR, Siegert E, Distler JHW. Purinergic signaling in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:2770-2782. [PMID: 34849624 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune rheumatic disease that involves numerous organs and presents major management challenges. The histopathologic hallmarks of SSc include vasculopathy, fibrosis and autoimmune phenomena involving both innate and adaptive immune systems. Purinergic signalling is a pathway that may be implicated in the pathophysiology of several of these disease manifestations. Extracellular purines are potent signalling mediators, which have been shown to be dysregulated in SSc. As examples, purines can exacerbate vasculopathy and provoke platelet dysfunction; as well as contributing to immune dysregulation. Elements of purinergic signalling further promote organ and tissue fibrosis in several disease models. Here, we provide an overview of extracellular purine metabolism in purinergic signalling and link disorders of these to the molecular pathology of SSc. We also discuss targeting the purinergic signalling and explore the translational applications for new therapeutic options in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Höppner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon C Robson
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerd R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elise Siegert
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Sotiropoulou G, Zingkou E, Pampalakis G. Redirecting drug repositioning to discover innovative cosmeceuticals. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:628-644. [PMID: 33544970 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin appearance is essential for self-esteem and quality of life; consequently, skin care products represent a huge market. In particular, cosmeceuticals constitute a hybrid category of skin care formulations, at the interphase of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, rationally designed to target (patho) physiological mechanisms aiming to enhance skin health and appearance. Cosmeceuticals are marketed as anti-ageing, anti-wrinkle, hair regrowth, skin whitening and wound healing agents with special emphasis on scar-free healing. An overview on recent cutting-edge advances concerning the discovery and development of enhanced performance cosmeceuticals by drug repositioning approaches is presented here. In this context, we propose "target repositioning," a new term, to highlight that druggable protein targets implicated in multiple diseases (hubs in the diseasome) can be exploited to accelerate the discovery of molecularly targeted cosmeceuticals that can promote skin health as an added benefit, which is a novel concept not described before. In this direction, emphasis is placed on the role of mouse models, for often untreatable skin diseases, as well as recent breakthroughs on monogenic rare skin syndromes, in promoting compound repositioning to innovative cosmeceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Sotiropoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Zingkou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios Pampalakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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10
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Colangelo MT, Galli C, Guizzardi S. The effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide on wound healing and tissue regeneration: a systematic review of the literature. Regen Med 2020; 15:1801-1821. [PMID: 32757710 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study evaluated the effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on tissue regeneration, paying special attention to the molecular mechanisms that underlie its tissue remodeling actions to better identify its effective therapeutic potential in wound healing. Materials & methods: Strategic searches were conducted through MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from their earliest available dates to March 2020. The studies were included with the following eligibility criteria: studies evaluating tissue regeneration, and being an in vitro, in vivo and clinical study. Results: Out of more than 90 articles, 34 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. All data obtained proved the ability of PDRN in promoting a physiological tissue repair through salvage pathway and adenosine A2A receptor activation. Conclusion: Up to date PDRN has proved promising results in term of wound regeneration, healing time and absence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Colangelo
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Histology & Embryology Lab, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Galli
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Guizzardi
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Histology & Embryology Lab, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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11
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Wang S, Gao S, Zhou D, Qian X, Luan J, Lv X. The role of the CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway in liver disease. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:851-862. [PMID: 32648591 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a danger signal released by dying and damaged cells, and it functions as an immunostimulatory signal that promotes inflammation. The ectonucleotidases CD39/ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 and CD73/ecto-5'-nucleotidase are cell-surface enzymes that breakdown extracellular ATP into adenosine. This drives a shift from an ATP-driven proinflammatory environment to an anti-inflammatory milieu induced by adenosine. The CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway changes dynamically with the pathophysiological context in which it is embedded. Accumulating evidence suggests that CD39 and CD73 play important roles in liver disease as critical components of the extracellular adenosinergic pathway. Recent studies have shown that the modification of the CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway alters the liver's response to injury. Moreover, adenosine exerts different effects on the pathophysiology of the liver through different receptors. In this review, we aim to describe the role of the CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway and adenosine receptors in liver disease, highlighting potential therapeutic targets in this pathway, which will facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Songsen Gao
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dexi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xueyi Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Luo J, Zhang T, Zhu C, Sun J, Zhu W, Ai W, Huang X, Wang X. Asiaticoside might attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating cAMP and Rap1 signalling pathway assisted by A2AR. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8248-8261. [PMID: 32548952 PMCID: PMC7348182 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiaticoside (AS) has been reported to have protective effect on pulmonary fibrosis (PF). In this study, we aimed to explore the potential mechanism of the therapeutic role of AS and its relationship with A2AR in PF. Adenosine 2A receptor gene knockout (A2AR−/−) mice and wild‐type (WT) mice were used to establish bleomycin (BLM)‐induced PF models and were then treated with AS (50 mg/kg/d). Pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis were observed in the PF model with much higher severity in A2AR−/−mice than that in WT mice and AS significantly alleviated lung inflammation and fibrosis; however, it was less effective in A2AR−/− mice than in WT mice via histopathological analysis. Using RNA sequencing analysis, we found up‐regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BLM group were enriched in immune and inflammation‐associated pathways compared with control group. There were 242 common DEGs between down‐regulated in BLM vs control group and up‐regulated in BLM + AS vs BLM group, which were enriched in cAMP and Rap1 signalling pathways. Furthermore, the expression of five key factors of these two pathways including adenylate cyclase (ADCY1, ADCY5, ADCY8, cAMP and Rap1) were confirmed up‐regulated by AS with the presence of A2AR. Therefore, AS might attenuate BLM‐induced PF by activating cAMP and Rap1 signalling pathways which is assisted by A2AR, making it a promising therapeutic optional for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chengwei Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junwei Sun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenxiu Ai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Opposing Effects of Adenosine and Inosine in Human Subcutaneous Fibroblasts May Be Regulated by Third Party ADA Cell Providers. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030651. [PMID: 32156055 PMCID: PMC7140481 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human subcutaneous fibroblasts (HSCF) challenged with inflammatory mediators release huge amounts of ATP, which rapidly generates adenosine. Given the nucleoside’s putative relevance in wound healing, dermal fibrosis, and myofascial pain, we investigated the role of its precursor, AMP, and of its metabolite, inosine, in HSCF cells growth and collagen production. AMP (30 µM) was rapidly (t½ 3 ± 1 min) dephosphorylated into adenosine by CD73/ecto-5′-nucleotidase. Adenosine accumulation (t½ 158 ± 17 min) in the extracellular fluid reflected very low cellular adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity. HSCF stained positively against A2A and A3 receptors but were A1 and A2B negative. AMP and the A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680C, increased collagen production without affecting cells growth. The A2A receptor antagonist, SCH442416, prevented the effects of AMP and CGS21680C. Inosine and the A3 receptor agonist, 2Cl-IB-MECA, decreased HSCF growth and collagen production in a MRS1191-sensitive manner, implicating the A3 receptor in the anti-proliferative action of inosine. Incubation with ADA reproduced the inosine effect. In conclusion, adenosine originated from extracellular ATP hydrolysis favors normal collagen production by HSCF via A2A receptors. Inhibition of unpredicted inosine formation by third party ADA cell providers (e.g., inflammatory cells) may be a novel therapeutic target to prevent inappropriate dermal remodeling via A3 receptors activation.
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Antonioli L, Blandizzi C, Pacher P, Haskó G. The Purinergic System as a Pharmacological Target for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:345-382. [PMID: 31235653 PMCID: PMC6592405 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) encompass a wide range of seemingly unrelated conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Despite differing etiologies, these diseases share common inflammatory pathways, which lead to damage in primary target organs and frequently to a plethora of systemic effects as well. The purinergic signaling complex comprising extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides and their receptors, the P2 and P1 purinergic receptors, respectively, as well as catabolic enzymes and nucleoside transporters is a major regulatory system in the body. The purinergic signaling complex can regulate the development and course of IMIDs. Here we provide a comprehensive review on the role of purinergic signaling in controlling immunity, inflammation, and organ function in IMIDs. In addition, we discuss the possible therapeutic applications of drugs acting on purinergic pathways, which have been entering clinical development, to manage patients suffering from IMIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (L.A., C.B.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (P.P.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York (G.H.)
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (L.A., C.B.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (P.P.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York (G.H.)
| | - Pál Pacher
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (L.A., C.B.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (P.P.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York (G.H.)
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (L.A., C.B.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (P.P.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York (G.H.)
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15
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Karmouty-Quintana H, Molina JG, Philip K, Bellocchi C, Gudenkauf B, Wu M, Chen NY, Collum SD, Ko J, Agarwal SK, Assassi S, Zhong H, Blackburn MR, Weng T. The Antifibrotic Effect of A 2B Adenosine Receptor Antagonism in a Mouse Model of Dermal Fibrosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1673-1684. [PMID: 29771006 PMCID: PMC10077881 DOI: 10.1002/art.40554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) is a chronic disease that affects the skin and various internal organs. Dermal fibrosis is a major component of this disease. The mechanisms that promote dermal fibrosis remain elusive. Elevations in tissue adenosine levels and the subsequent engagement of the profibrotic A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B) have been shown to regulate fibrosis in multiple organs including the lung, kidney, and penis; however, the role of ADORA2B in dermal fibrosis has not been investigated. We undertook this study to test our hypothesis that elevated expression of ADORA2B in the skin drives the development of dermal fibrosis. METHODS We assessed the involvement of ADORA2B in the regulation of dermal fibrosis using a well-established mouse model of dermal fibrosis. Using an orally active ADORA2B antagonist, we demonstrated how inhibition of ADORA2B results in reduced dermal fibrosis in 2 distinct experimental models. Finally, using human dermal fibroblasts, we characterized the expression of adenosine receptors. RESULTS We demonstrated that levels of ADORA2B were significantly elevated in dermal fibrosis and that the therapeutic blockade of this receptor in vivo using an ADORA2B antagonist could reduce the production of profibrotic mediators in the skin and attenuate dermal fibrosis. Antagonism of ADORA2B resulted in reduced numbers of arginase-expressing macrophages and myofibroblasts and in reduced levels of the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, collagen, and hyaluronan. CONCLUSION These findings identify ADORA2B as a potential profibrotic regulator in dermal fibrosis and suggest that ADORA2B antagonism may be a useful approach for the treatment of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chiara Bellocchi
- McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Brent Gudenkauf
- McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock
| | | | | | | | - Junsuk Ko
- McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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16
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Kang SH, Choi MS, Kim HK, Kim WS, Bae TH, Kim MK, Chang SH. Polydeoxyribonucleotide improves tendon healing following achilles tendon injury in rats. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1767-1776. [PMID: 29094396 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are major musculoskeletal disorders. Polydeoxyribonucleotide activates the adenosine receptor subtype A2A, resulting in tissue growth and neogenesis. This experimental study confirms that polydeoxyribonucleotide can improve secretion of various growth factors, promote collagen synthesis, and restore tensile strength of the Achilles tendon in a rat model with Achilles tendon injury. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 7 weeks, were divided into two groups, and the Achilles tendon was transected and repaired using the modified Kessler's method. In the experimental group (n = 18), the rats received daily intraperitoneal administration of polydeoxyribonucleotide (8 mg/kg/day for 1, 2, or 4 weeks). The control groups received the same amount of normal saline. The rats were euthanized at 1, 2, and 4 weeks, and tissues from the repair site were harvested. The cross-sectional area of the tendon was significantly increased at 2 and 4 weeks in polydeoxyribonucleotide group (p = 0.008 and p = 0.017, respectively). Moreover, tendons in the polydeoxyribonucleotide group were more resistant to mechanical stress at 2 and 4 weeks (p = 0.041 and p = 0.041, respectively). The staining levels of collagen type I in the experimental group were significantly stronger at 2 and 4 weeks (p = 0.026 and p = 0.009, respectively). Furthermore, higher expression levels of fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor β1 were detected in the experimental group at 4 weeks (p = 0.041, p = 0.026, and p = 0.041, respectively). This study confirms that polydeoxyribonucleotide can improve the tensile strength of the rats' Achilles tendon following injury and repair. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1767-1776, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hyuk Kang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 224-1 Heuksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-755, Korea
| | - Min Seok Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 224-1 Heuksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-755, Korea
| | - Han Koo Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 224-1 Heuksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-755, Korea
| | - Woo Seob Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 224-1 Heuksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-755, Korea
| | - Tae Hui Bae
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 224-1 Heuksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-755, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 224-1 Heuksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-755, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Chang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuksuk-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-755, Korea
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17
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Ialenti A, Caiazzo E, Morello S, Carnuccio R, Cicala C. Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonist, 2-p-(2-Carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine Hydrochloride Hydrate, Inhibits Inflammation and Increases Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Tissue Expression in Carrageenan-Induced Rat Paw Edema. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 364:221-228. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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18
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Feig JL, Mediero A, Corciulo C, Liu H, Zhang J, Perez-Aso M, Picard L, Wilder T, Cronstein B. The antiviral drug tenofovir, an inhibitor of Pannexin-1-mediated ATP release, prevents liver and skin fibrosis by downregulating adenosine levels in the liver and skin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188135. [PMID: 29145453 PMCID: PMC5690602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrosing diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and, therefore, there is a need for safe and effective antifibrotic therapies. Adenosine, generated extracellularly by the dephosphorylation of adenine nucleotides, ligates specific receptors which play a critical role in development of hepatic and dermal fibrosis. Results of recent clinical trials indicate that tenofovir, a widely used antiviral agent, reverses hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Belonging to the class of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, tenofovir is an analogue of AMP. We tested the hypothesis that tenofovir has direct antifibrotic effects in vivo by interfering with adenosine pathways of fibrosis using two distinct models of adenosine and A2AR-mediated fibrosis. Methods Thioacetamide (100mg/kg IP)-treated mice were treated with vehicle, or tenofovir (75mg/kg, SubQ) (n = 5–10). Bleomycin (0.25U, SubQ)-treated mice were treated with vehicle or tenofovir (75mg/kg, IP) (n = 5–10). Adenosine levels were determined by HPLC, and ATP release was quantitated as luciferase-dependent bioluminescence. Skin breaking strength was analysed and H&E and picrosirus red-stained slides were imaged. Pannexin-1expression was knocked down following retroviral-mediated expression of of Pannexin-1-specific or scrambled siRNA. Results Treatment of mice with tenofovir diminished adenosine release from the skin of bleomycin-treated mice and the liver of thioacetamide-treated mice, models of diffuse skin fibrosis and hepatic cirrhosis, respectively. More importantly, tenofovir treatment diminished skin and liver fibrosis in these models. Tenofovir diminished extracellular adenosine concentrations by inhibiting, in a dose-dependent fashion, cellular ATP release but not in cells lacking Pannexin-1. Conclusions These studies suggest that tenofovir, a widely used antiviral agent, could be useful in the treatment of fibrosing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Feig
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aranzazu Mediero
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Corciulo
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hailing Liu
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jin Zhang
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, LiHuili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Miguel Perez-Aso
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura Picard
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tuere Wilder
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bruce Cronstein
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Stawski L, Marden G, Trojanowska M. The Activation of Human Dermal Microvascular Cells by Poly(I:C), Lipopolysaccharide, Imiquimod, and ODN2395 Is Mediated by the Fli1/FOXO3A Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:248-259. [PMID: 29141862 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction has been associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases; however, the factors contributing to this dysfunction have not been fully explored. Because activation of TLRs has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, the goal of this study was to determine the effects of TLR ligands on EC function. Human dermal microvascular ECs (HDMECs) treated with TLR3 [Poly(I:C)], TLR4 (LPS), and TLR7 (imiquimod) agonists showed decreased proliferation and a reduced total number of branching tubules in three-dimensional human dermal organoid ex vivo culture. In contrast, the TLR9 ligand class C, ODN2395, increased angiogenesis. The antiproliferative effects of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 ligands correlated with significant downregulation of a key regulator of vascular homeostasis, Fli1, whereas TLR9 increased Fli1 levels. Furthermore, Poly(I:C) and LPS induced endothelial to mesenchymal transition that was reversed by the pretreatment with TGF-β neutralizing Ab or re-expression of Fli1. We showed that Fli1 was required for the HDMEC proliferation by transcriptionally repressing FOXO3A. In contrast to TLR9, which suppressed activation of the FOXO3A pathway, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 ligands activated FOXO3A as indicated by decreased phosphorylation and increased nuclear accumulation. The inverse correlation between Fli1 and FOXO3A was also observed in the vasculature of scleroderma patients. This work revealed opposing effects of TLR9 and TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 on the key angiogenic pathways, Fli1 and FOXO3A. Our results provide a mechanistic insight into the regulation of angiogenesis by TLRs and confirm a central role of Fli1 in regulating vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Stawski
- Section of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Grace Marden
- Section of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Section of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
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20
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Martínez-Ramírez AS, Díaz-Muñoz M, Butanda-Ochoa A, Vázquez-Cuevas FG. Nucleotides and nucleoside signaling in the regulation of the epithelium to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:1-12. [PMID: 27900516 PMCID: PMC5334205 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelium-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process of cell plasticity, consisting in the loss of epithelial identity and the gain of mesenchymal characteristics through the coordinated activity of a highly regulated informational program. Although it was originally described in the embryonic development, an important body of information supports its role in pathology, mainly in cancerous and fibrotic processes. The purinergic system of inter-cellular communication, mainly based in ATP and adenosine acting throughout their specific receptors, has emerged as a potent regulator of the EMT in several pathological entities. In this context, cellular signaling associated to purines is opening the understanding of a new element in the complex regulatory network of this phenotypical differentiation process. In this review, we have summarized recent information about the role of ATP and adenosine in EMT, as a growing field with high therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Martínez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla, 3001, CP 76230, Juriquilla Querétaro, Mexico
| | - M Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla, 3001, CP 76230, Juriquilla Querétaro, Mexico
| | - A Butanda-Ochoa
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo. Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - F G Vázquez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla, 3001, CP 76230, Juriquilla Querétaro, Mexico.
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21
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Shaikh G, Zhang J, Perez-Aso M, Mediero A, Cronstein B. Adenosine A 2A receptor promotes collagen type III synthesis via β-catenin activation in human dermal fibroblasts. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3279-3291. [PMID: 27595240 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adenosine A2A receptor stimulation promotes the synthesis of collagen type I and type III (Col1 and Col3), mediators of fibrosis and scarring. The A2A receptor modulates collagen balance via cAMP/PKA/p38-MAPK/Akt pathways. Wnt signalling is important in fibrosis and the cAMP and Wnt pathways converge. Because the A2A receptor is Gs-linked and increases cAMP, we determined whether A2A receptors and Wnt signalling interact. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Total β-catenin, de-phosphorylated β-catenin (canonical activation, de-phospho β-catenin) and phosphorylated β-catenin at Ser552 (non-canonical activation, p-Ser552 β-catenin) levels were determined in primary human dermal fibroblasts, cytosol and nucleus, by western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy, before and after stimulation by A2A receptor-selective agonist CGS21680, with/without A2A receptor-selective antagonist (SCH56261) pretreatment. β-Catenin was knocked down by transfection with scrambled-siRNA or specific-siRNA, and Col1 and Col3 levels determined by western blots. KEY RESULTS CGS21680 stimulation rapidly (15 min) increased cellular β-catenin levels. Both de-phospho β-catenin and p-Ser552 β-catenin levels were also increased. CGS21680 stimulated the translocation of total de-phospho and p-Ser552 β-catenin to the nucleus. A2A receptor-stimulation increased Col1 synthesis similarly in β-catenin knockeddown and scrambled cells. However, β-catenin knockdown abolished the increase in Col3 synthesis induced in A2A receptor-stimulated fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A2A receptor stimulation promotes Col3 synthesis via the activation of canonical and non-canonical β-catenin, consistent with a role for A2A receptors in dermal fibrosis and scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibran Shaikh
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, LiHuili Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Miguel Perez-Aso
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aranzazu Mediero
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Bone and Joint Research Unit IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Bruce Cronstein
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Shaikh G, Cronstein B. Signaling pathways involving adenosine A2A and A2B receptors in wound healing and fibrosis. Purinergic Signal 2016; 12:191-7. [PMID: 26847815 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen and matrix deposition by fibroblasts is an essential part of wound healing but also contributes to pathologic remodeling of organs leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Adenosine, a small molecule generated extracellularly from adenine nucleotides as a result of direct stimulation, hypoxia, or injury, acts via a family of classical seven-pass G protein-coupled protein receptors, A2A and A2B, leading to generation of cAMP and activation of downstream targets such as PKA and Epac. These effectors, in turn, lead to fibroblast activation and collagen synthesis. The regulatory actions of these receptors likely involve multiple interconnected pathways, and one of the more interesting aspects of this regulation is opposing effects at different levels of cAMP generated. Additionally, adenosine signaling contributes to fibrosis in organ-specific ways and may have opposite effects in different organs. The development of drugs that selectively target these receptors and their signaling pathways will disrupt the pathogenesis of fibrosis and slow or arrest the progression of the important diseases they underlie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibran Shaikh
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Bruce Cronstein
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Ferrari D, Gambari R, Idzko M, Müller T, Albanesi C, Pastore S, La Manna G, Robson SC, Cronstein B. Purinergic signaling in scarring. FASEB J 2016; 30:3-12. [PMID: 26333425 PMCID: PMC4684510 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-274563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine (ADO) and nucleotides such as ATP, ADP, and uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP), among others, may serve as extracellular signaling molecules. These mediators activate specific cell-surface receptors-namely, purinergic 1 and 2 (P1 and P2)-to modulate crucial pathophysiological responses. Regulation of this process is maintained by nucleoside and nucleotide transporters, as well as the ectonucleotidases ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase [ENTPD; cluster of differentiation (CD)39] and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT; CD73), among others. Cells involved in tissue repair, healing, and scarring respond to both ADO and ATP. Our recent investigations have shown that modulation of purinergic signaling regulates matrix deposition during tissue repair and fibrosis in several organs. Cells release adenine nucleotides into the extracellular space, where these mediators are converted by CD39 and CD73 into ADO, which is anti-inflammatory in the short term but may also promote dermal, heart, liver, and lung fibrosis with repetitive signaling under defined circumstances. Extracellular ATP stimulates cardiac fibroblast proliferation, lung inflammation, and fibrosis. P2Y2 (UTP/ATP) and P2Y6 [ADP/UTP/uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)] have been shown to have profibrotic effects, as well. Modulation of purinergic signaling represents a novel approach to preventing or diminishing fibrosis. We provide an overview of the current understanding of purinergic signaling in scarring and discuss its potential to prevent or decrease fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- *Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Laboratory of Immunology and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Cutaneous Physiopathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Specialized, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roberto Gambari
- *Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Laboratory of Immunology and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Cutaneous Physiopathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Specialized, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marco Idzko
- *Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Laboratory of Immunology and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Cutaneous Physiopathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Specialized, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tobias Müller
- *Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Laboratory of Immunology and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Cutaneous Physiopathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Specialized, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- *Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Laboratory of Immunology and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Cutaneous Physiopathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Specialized, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Saveria Pastore
- *Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Laboratory of Immunology and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Cutaneous Physiopathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Specialized, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- *Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Laboratory of Immunology and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Cutaneous Physiopathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Specialized, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- *Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Laboratory of Immunology and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Cutaneous Physiopathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Specialized, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce Cronstein
- *Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Laboratory of Immunology and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Cutaneous Physiopathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Specialized, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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Perez-Aso M, Mediero A, Low YC, Levine J, Cronstein BN. Adenosine A2A receptor plays an important role in radiation-induced dermal injury. FASEB J 2015; 30:457-65. [PMID: 26415936 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-280388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a common therapeutic modality and following irradiation dermal changes, including fibrosis and atrophy, may lead to permanent changes. We have previously demonstrated that occupancy of A2A receptor (A2AR) stimulates collagen production, so we determined whether blockade or deletion of A2AR could prevent radiation-induced fibrosis. After targeted irradiation (40 Gy) of the skin of wild-type (WT) or A2AR knockout (A2ARKO) mice, the A2AR antagonist ZM241385 was applied daily for 28 d. In irradiated WT mice treated with the A2AR antagonist, there was a marked reduction in collagen content and skin thickness, and ZM241385 treatment reduced the number of myofibroblasts and angiogenesis. After irradiation, there is an increase in loosely packed collagen fibrils, which is significantly diminished by ZM241385. Irradiation also induced an increase in epidermal thickness, prevented by ZM241385, by increasing the number of proliferating keratinocytes. Similarly, in A2ARKO mice, the changes in collagen alignment, skin thickness, myofibroblast content, angiogenesis, and epidermal hyperplasia were markedly reduced following irradiation. Radiation-induced changes in the dermis and epidermis were accompanied by an infiltrate of T cells, which was prevented in both ZM241385-treated and A2ARKO mice. Radiation therapy is administered to a significant number of patients with cancer, and radiation reactions may limit this therapeutic modality. Our findings suggest that topical application of an A2AR antagonist prevents radiation dermatitis and may be useful in the prevention or amelioration of radiation changes in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Perez-Aso
- *Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, and New York University Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aránzazu Mediero
- *Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, and New York University Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yee Cheng Low
- *Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, and New York University Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jamie Levine
- *Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, and New York University Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce N Cronstein
- *Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, and New York University Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Nabai L, Kilani RT, Aminuddin F, Li Y, Ghahary A. Methotrexate modulates the expression of MMP-1 and type 1 collagen in dermal fibroblast. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 409:213-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Taniguchi T, Asano Y, Akamata K, Noda S, Takahashi T, Ichimura Y, Toyama T, Trojanowska M, Sato S. Fibrosis, vascular activation, and immune abnormalities resembling systemic sclerosis in bleomycin-treated Fli-1-haploinsufficient mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:517-26. [PMID: 25385187 DOI: 10.1002/art.38948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fli-1, a potential predisposing factor for systemic sclerosis (SSc), is constitutively down-regulated in the lesional skin of patients with SSc by an epigenetic mechanism. To investigate the impact of Fli-1 deficiency on the induction of an SSc phenotype in various cell types, we generated bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis in Fli-1(+/-) mice and investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying its phenotypic alterations. METHODS Messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and protein expression of target molecules were examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) bioassay was used to evaluate the activation of latent TGFβ. The binding of Fli-1 to the target gene promoters was assessed with chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Bleomycin induced more severe dermal fibrosis in Fli-1(+/-) mice than in wild-type mice. Fli-1 haploinsufficiency activated dermal fibroblasts via the up-regulation of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins and activation of latent TGFβ. Dermal fibrosis in Fli-1(+/-) mice was also attributable to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which is directly induced by Fli-1 deficiency and amplified by bleomycin. Th2/Th17-skewed inflammation and increased infiltration of mast cells and macrophages were seen, partly due to the altered expression of cell adhesion molecules in endothelial cells as well as the induction of the skin chemokines. Fli-1(+/-) mouse macrophages preferentially differentiated into an M2 phenotype upon stimulation with interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-13. CONCLUSION Our findings provide strong evidence for the fundamental role of Fli-1 deficiency in inducing SSc-like phenotypic alterations in dermal fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages in a manner consistent with human disease.
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Preti D, Baraldi PG, Moorman AR, Borea PA, Varani K. History and perspectives of A2A adenosine receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:790-848. [PMID: 25821194 DOI: 10.1002/med.21344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence emphasizes that the purine nucleoside adenosine plays an active role as a local regulator in different pathologies. Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside involved in various physiological and pathological functions by stimulating A1 , A2A , A2B , and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). At the present time, the role of A2A ARs is well known in physiological conditions and in a variety of pathologies, including inflammatory tissue damage and neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, the use of selective A2A antagonists has been reported to be potentially useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this review, A2A AR signal transduction pathways, together with an analysis of the structure-activity relationships of A2A antagonists, and their corresponding pharmacological roles and therapeutic potential have been presented. The initial results from an emerging polypharmacological approach are also analyzed. This approach is based on the optimization of the affinity and/or functional activity of the examined compounds toward multiple targets, such as A1 /A2A ARs and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), both closely implicated in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Preti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Cellular and molecular actions of CCN2/CTGF and its role under physiological and pathological conditions. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 128:181-96. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20140264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CCN family protein 2 (CCN2), also widely known as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), is one of the founding members of the CCN family of matricellular proteins. Extensive investigation on CCN2 over decades has revealed the novel molecular action and functional properties of this unique signalling modulator. By its interaction with multiple molecular counterparts, CCN2 yields highly diverse and context-dependent biological outcomes in a variety of microenvironments. Nowadays, CCN2 is recognized to conduct the harmonized development of relevant tissues, such as cartilage and bone, in the skeletal system, by manipulating extracellular signalling molecules involved therein by acting as a hub through a web. However, on the other hand, CCN2 occasionally plays profound roles in major human biological disorders, including fibrosis and malignancies in major organs and tissues, by modulating the actions of key molecules involved in these clinical entities. In this review, the physiological and pathological roles of this unique protein are comprehensively summarized from a molecular network-based viewpoint of CCN2 functionalities.
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Xu J, Liu X, Gao B, Karin M, Tsukamoto H, Brenner D, Kisseleva T. New Approaches for Studying Alcoholic Liver Disease. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014; 2:171-183. [PMID: 26594598 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is major cause of chronic liver injury which results in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. According to the surveillance report published by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, liver cirrhosis is the 12th leading cause of death in the United States with 48 % of these deaths being attributed to excessive alcohol consumption. ALD includes a spectrum of disorders from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several mechanisms play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ALD. These include ethanol-induced oxidative stress and depletion of glutathione, pathological methionine metabolism, increased gut permeability and release of endotoxins into the portal blood, recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells including bone marrow-derived and liver resident macrophages (Kupffer cells). Chronic alcohol consumption results in liver damage and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and myofibroblasts, leading to liver fibrosis. Here we discuss the current view on factors that are specific for different stages of ALD and those that regulate its progression, including cytokines and chemokines, alcohol-responsive intracellular signaling pathways, and transcriptional factors. We also review recent studies demonstrating that alcohol-mediated changes can be regulated on an epigenetic level, including microRNAs. Finally, we discuss the reversibility of liver fibrosis and inactivation of HSCs as a potential strategy for treating alcohol-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD & Cirrhosis Department of Pathology Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Brenner
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Arasa J, Martos P, Terencio MC, Valcuende-Cavero F, Montesinos MC. Topical application of the adenosine A2Areceptor agonist CGS-21680 prevents phorbol-induced epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation in mice. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:555-60. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arasa
- Departament of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
- Center of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM); Valencia Spain
| | - Patricio Martos
- Departament of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - María Carmen Terencio
- Departament of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
- Center of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM); Valencia Spain
| | - Francisca Valcuende-Cavero
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital La Plana; Vila-real Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery; CEU Cardinal Herrera University; Castellón de la Plana Spain
| | - María Carmen Montesinos
- Departament of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
- Center of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM); Valencia Spain
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Extracellular generation of adenosine by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 promotes dermal fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 183:1740-1746. [PMID: 24266925 PMCID: PMC5362691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine has an important role in inflammation and tissue remodeling and promotes dermal fibrosis by adenosine receptor (A2AR) activation. Adenosine may be formed intracellularly from adenine nucleotides or extracellularly through sequential phosphohydrolysis of released ATP by nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Because the role of these ecto-enzymes in fibrosis appears to be tissue specific, we determined whether these ectonucleotidases were directly involved in diffuse dermal fibrosis. Wild-type and mice globally deficient in CD39 knockout (CD39KO), CD73 (CD73KO), or both (CD39/CD73DKO) were challenged with bleomycin. Extracellular adenosine levels and dermal fibrosis were quantitated. Adenosine release from skin cultured ex vivo was increased in wild-type mice after bleomycin treatment but remained low in skin from CD39KO, CD73KO, or CD39/CD73DKO bleomycin-treated mice. Deletion of CD39 and/or CD73 decreased the collagen content, and prevented skin thickening and tensile strength increase after bleomycin challenge. Decreased dermal fibrotic features were associated with reduced expression of the profibrotic mediators, transforming growth factor-β1 and connective tissue growth factor, and diminished myofibroblast population in CD39- and/or CD73-deficient mice. Our work supports the hypothesis that extracellular adenosine, generated in tandem by ecto-enzymes CD39 and CD73, promotes dermal fibrogenesis. We suggest that biochemical or biological inhibitors of CD39 and/or CD73 may hold promise in the treatment of dermal fibrosis in diseases such as scleroderma.
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Wang H, Guan W, Yang W, Wang Q, Zhao H, Yang F, Lv X, Li J. Caffeine inhibits the activation of hepatic stellate cells induced by acetaldehyde via adenosine A2A receptor mediated by the cAMP/PKA/SRC/ERK1/2/P38 MAPK signal pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92482. [PMID: 24682220 PMCID: PMC3969328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is an essential event during alcoholic liver fibrosis. Evidence suggests that adenosine aggravates liver fibrosis via the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). Caffeine, which is being widely consumed during daily life, inhibits the action of adenosine. In this study, we attempted to validate the hypothesis that caffeine influences acetaldehyde-induced HSC activation by acting on A2AR. Acetaldehyde at 50, 100, 200, and 400 μM significantly increased HSC-T6 cells proliferation, and cell proliferation reached a maximum at 48 h after exposure to 200 μM acetaldehyde. Caffeine and the A2AR antagonist ZM241385 decreased the cell viability and inhibited the expression of procollagen type I and type III in acetaldehyde-induced HSC-T6 cells. In addition, the inhibitory effect of caffeine on the expression of procollagen type I was regulated by A2AR-mediated signal pathway involving cAMP, PKA, SRC, and ERK1/2. Interestingly, caffeine’s inhibitory effect on the expression of procollagen type III may depend upon the A2AR-mediated P38 MAPK-dependent pathway. Conclusions: Caffeine significantly inhibited acetaldehyde-induced HSC-T6 cells activation by distinct A2AR mediated signal pathway via inhibition of cAMP-PKA-SRC-ERK1/2 for procollagen type I and via P38 MAPK for procollagen type III.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjie Guan
- The 105th Hospital of PLA, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wanzhi Yang
- The First Hospital of Anqing, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Han Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Agarwal R, Agarwal P. Newer targets for modulation of intraocular pressure: focus on adenosine receptor signaling pathways. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:527-39. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.888416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Perez-Aso M, Fernandez P, Mediero A, Chan ES, Cronstein BN. Adenosine 2A receptor promotes collagen production by human fibroblasts via pathways involving cyclic AMP and AKT but independent of Smad2/3. FASEB J 2013; 28:802-12. [PMID: 24200882 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-241646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) promotes fibrosis and collagen synthesis. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear, not least because cAMP, its principal effector, has been found to inhibit TGFβ1-induced collagen synthesis. Here, we show that in primary normal human dermal fibroblasts, A2AR stimulation with CGS21680 elicits a modest cAMP increase (150 ± 12% of control; EC50 54.8 nM), which stimulates collagen1 (Col1) and collagen3 (Col3), but maximal cAMP resulting from direct activation of adenylyl cyclase by forskolin (15,689 ± 7038% of control; EC50 360.7 nM) inhibits Col1 and increases Col3. Similar to Col1 expression, fibroblast proliferation increased following physiological cAMP increases by CGS21680 but was inhibited by cAMP increases beyond the physiological range by forskolin. The A2AR-mediated increase of Col1 and Col3 was mediated by AKT, while Col3, but not Col1, expression was dependent on p38 and repressed by ERK. TGFβ1 induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and increased Col3 expression, which was prevented by Smad3 depletion. In contrast, CGS21680 did not activate Smad2/3, and Smad2/3 knockdown did not prevent CGS21680-induced Col1 or Col3 increases. Our results indicate that cAMP is a concentration-dependent switch for collagen production via noncanonical, AKT-dependent, Smad2/3-independent signaling. These observations explain the paradoxical effects of cAMP on collagen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Perez-Aso
- 1Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Pinheiro AR, Paramos-de-Carvalho D, Certal M, Costa C, Magalhães-Cardoso MT, Ferreirinha F, Costa MA, Correia-de-Sá P. Bradykinin-induced Ca2+ signaling in human subcutaneous fibroblasts involves ATP release via hemichannels leading to P2Y12 receptors activation. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:70. [PMID: 24047499 PMCID: PMC3848849 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic musculoskeletal pain involves connective tissue remodeling triggered by inflammatory mediators, such as bradykinin. Fibroblast cells signaling involve changes in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). ATP has been related to connective tissue mechanotransduction, remodeling and chronic inflammatory pain, via P2 purinoceptors activation. Here, we investigated the involvement of ATP in bradykinin-induced Ca2+ signals in human subcutaneous fibroblasts. Results Bradykinin, via B2 receptors, caused an abrupt rise in [Ca2+]i to a peak that declined to a plateau, which concentration remained constant until washout. The plateau phase was absent in Ca2+-free medium; [Ca2+]i signal was substantially reduced after depleting intracellular Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin. Extracellular ATP inactivation with apyrase decreased the [Ca2+]i plateau. Human subcutaneous fibroblasts respond to bradykinin by releasing ATP via connexin and pannexin hemichannels, since blockade of connexins, with 2-octanol or carbenoxolone, and pannexin-1, with 10Panx, attenuated bradykinin-induced [Ca2+]i plateau, whereas inhibitors of vesicular exocytosis, such as brefeldin A and bafilomycin A1, were inactive. The kinetics of extracellular ATP catabolism favors ADP accumulation in human fibroblast cultures. Inhibition of ectonucleotidase activity and, thus, ADP formation from released ATP with POM-1 or by Mg2+ removal from media reduced bradykinin-induced [Ca2+]i plateau. Selective blockade of the ADP-sensitive P2Y12 receptor with AR-C66096 attenuated bradykinin [Ca2+]i plateau, whereas the P2Y1 and P2Y13 receptor antagonists, respectively MRS 2179 and MRS 2211, were inactive. Human fibroblasts exhibited immunoreactivity against connexin-43, pannexin-1 and P2Y12 receptor. Conclusions Bradykinin induces ATP release from human subcutaneous fibroblasts via connexin and pannexin-1-containing hemichannels leading to [Ca2+]i mobilization through the cooperation of B2 and P2Y12 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Edif, 2 Piso 4, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
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Perez-Aso M, Mediero A, Cronstein BN. Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is a fine-tune regulator of the collagen1:collagen3 balance. Purinergic Signal 2013; 9:573-83. [PMID: 23749290 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a potent endogenous anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive metabolite that is a potent modulator of tissue repair. However, the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-mediated promotion of collagen synthesis is detrimental in settings such as scarring and scleroderma. The signaling cascade from A2AR stimulation to increased collagen production is complex and obscure, not least because cAMP and its downstream molecules PKA and Epac1 have been reported to inhibit collagen production. We therefore examined A2AR-stimulated signaling for collagen production by normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). Collagen1 (Col1) and collagen3 (Col3) content after A2AR activation by CGS21680 was studied by western blotting. Contribution of PKA and Epac was analyzed by the PKA inhibitor PKI and by knockdowns of the PKA-Cα, -Cβ, -Cγ, Epac1, and Epac2. CGS21680 stimulates Col1 expression at significantly lower concentrations than those required to stimulate Col3 expression. A2AR stimulates Col1 expression by a PKA-dependent mechanism since PKA inhibition or PKA-Cα and -Cβ knockdown prevents A2AR-mediated Col1 increase. In contrast, A2AR represses Col3 via PKA but stimulates both Col1 and Col3 via an Epac2-dependent mechanism. A2AR stimulation with CGS21680 at 0.1 μM increased Col3 expression only upon PKA blockade. A2AR activation downstream signaling for Col1 and Col3 expression proceeds via two distinct pathways with varying sensitivity to cAMP activation; more highly cAMP-sensitive PKA activation stimulates Col1 expression, and less cAMP-sensitive Epac activation promotes both Col1 and Col3 expression. These observations may explain the dramatic change in Col1:Col3 ratio in hypertrophic and immature scars, where adenosine is present in higher concentrations than in normal skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Perez-Aso
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, MSB 255, New York, NY, 10016, USA,
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