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Shao M, Jiang L, Meng Z, Xu J. Computational Drug Repurposing Based on a Recommendation System and Drug-Drug Functional Pathway Similarity. Molecules 2022; 27:1404. [PMID: 35209193 PMCID: PMC8878172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing identifies new clinical indications for existing drugs. It can be used to overcome common problems associated with cancers, such as heterogeneity and resistance to established therapies, by rapidly adapting known drugs for new treatment. In this study, we utilized a recommendation system learning model to prioritize candidate cancer drugs. We designed a drug-drug pathway functional similarity by integrating multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations such as gene expression, copy number variation (CNV), and DNA methylation. When compared with other similarities, such as SMILES chemical structures and drug targets based on the protein-protein interaction network, our approach provided better interpretable models capturing drug response mechanisms. Furthermore, our approach can achieve comparable accuracy when evaluated with other learning models based on large public datasets (CCLE and GDSC). A case study about the Erlotinib and OSI-906 (Linsitinib) indicated that they have a synergistic effect to reduce the growth rate of tumors, which is an alternative targeted therapy option for patients. Taken together, our computational method characterized drug response from the viewpoint of a multi-omics pathway and systematically predicted candidate cancer drugs with similar therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Shao
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Applied Mathematics, Changsha University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Leiming Jiang
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Applied Mathematics, Changsha University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Jianzhen Xu
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou 515041, China
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Ibrahim MAA, Badr EAA, Abdelrahman AHM, Almansour NM, Mekhemer GAH, Shawky AM, Moustafa MF, Atia MAM. In Silico Targeting Human Multidrug Transporter ABCG2 in Breast Cancer: Database Screening, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Study. Mol Inform 2021; 41:e2060039. [PMID: 34491628 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202060039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABCG2 is a substantial member of the ABC transporter superfamily that plays a significant role in multidrug resistance in cancer. Until recently, the 3D structure of ABCG2 has not been resolved, which resulted in the limitation of developing potential ABCG2 inhibitors using structure-based drug discovery. Herein, eMolecules, ChEMBL, and ChEBI databases, containing >25 million compounds, were virtually screened against the ABCG2 transporter in homodimer form. Performance of AutoDock4.2.6 software to predict inhibitor-ABCG2 binding mode and affinity were validated on the basis of available experimental data. The explored databases were filtered based on docking scores. The most potent hits with binding affinities higher than that of experimental bound ligand (MZ29) were then selected and subjected to molecular mechanics minimization, followed by binding energy calculation using molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) approach. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations for 50 ns, followed by MM-GBSA binding energy calculations, were performed for the promising compounds, unveiling eight potential inhibitors with binding affinities <-55.8 kcal/mol. Structural and energetic analyses demonstrated the stability of the eight identified inhibitors over the 50 ns MD simulation. This research sheds light on the potentiality of the identified ABCG2 inhibitors as a therapeutic approach to overcome multidrug resistance cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Esraa A A Badr
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Alaa H M Abdelrahman
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Nahlah Makki Almansour
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, 1803, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A H Mekhemer
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud F Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 9004, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Atia
- Molecular Genetics and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Genome Mapping Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619, Egypt
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Randomized Phase II Trial of Capecitabine and Lapatinib with or without IMC-A12 (Cituxumumab) in Patients with HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer Previously Treated with Trastuzumab and Chemotherapy: NCCTG N0733 (Alliance). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 188:477-487. [PMID: 33852121 PMCID: PMC8262517 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare efficacy and safety of capecitabine and lapatinib with or without IMC-A12 (cituxumumab) in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) previously treated with trastuzumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS Following an initial safety run-in cohort, patients were randomized 1:2 to Arm A (capecitabine and lapatinib) or to Arm B (capecitabine, lapatinib, and cituxumumab). Given the frequency of non-hematologic grade ≥ 3 adverse events in those receiving the three-drug combination in the safety cohort, lapatinib and capecitabine doses were reduced in Arm B only. The primary objective was to determine if the addition of cituxumumab to capecitabine and lapatinib improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with capecitabine and lapatinib. Secondary objectives included a comparison between arms of other clinical endpoints, safety, change in overall quality of life (QOL) and self-assessed fatigue, rash, diarrhea, and hand-foot syndrome. RESULTS From July 2008 to March 2012, 68 patients (out of 142 planned) were enrolled and 63 were evaluable, including 8 for the safety run-in and 55 for the randomized cohort. Study enrollment was stopped early due to slow accrual. The addition of cituxumumab to capecitabine and lapatinib did not improve PFS (HR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.52-1.64). Furthermore, no difference in objective response rate or overall survival (OS) was observed. No difference between arms was observed in grade ≥ 3 adverse events, overall QOL change from baseline after 4 cycles of treatment. CONCLUSION The addition of cituxumumab to lapatinib and capecitabine did not improve PFS or OS compared with lapatinib and capecitabine in patients with HER2-positive MBC. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00684983.
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Mechanisms of drug resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma at different levels. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225827. [PMID: 32677676 PMCID: PMC7396420 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and the mortality of patients with PDAC has not significantly decreased over the last few decades. Novel strategies exhibiting promising effects in preclinical or phase I/II clinical trials are often situated in an embarrassing condition owing to the disappointing results in phase III trials. The efficacy of the current therapeutic regimens is consistently compromised by the mechanisms of drug resistance at different levels, distinctly more intractable than several other solid tumours. In this review, the main mechanisms of drug resistance clinicians and investigators are dealing with during the exploitation and exploration of the anti-tumour effects of drugs in PDAC treatment are summarized. Corresponding measures to overcome these limitations are also discussed.
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Chen YM, Qi S, Perrino S, Hashimoto M, Brodt P. Targeting the IGF-Axis for Cancer Therapy: Development and Validation of an IGF-Trap as a Potential Drug. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051098. [PMID: 32365498 PMCID: PMC7290707 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis was implicated in cancer progression and identified as a clinically important therapeutic target. Several IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) targeting drugs including humanized monoclonal antibodies have advanced to phase II/III clinical trials, but to date, have not progressed to clinical use, due, at least in part, to interference with insulin receptor signaling and compensatory signaling by the insulin receptor (IR) isoform A that can bind IGF-II and initiate mitogenic signaling. Here we briefly review the current state of IGF-targeting biologicals, discuss some factors that may be responsible for their poor performance in the clinic and outline the stepwise bioengineering and validation of an IGF-Trap—a novel anti-cancer therapeutic that could bypass these limitations. The IGF-Trap is a heterotetramer, consisting of the entire extracellular domain of the IGF-IR fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1. It binds human IGF-I and IGF-II with a three-log higher affinity than insulin and could inhibit IGF-IR driven cellular functions such as survival, proliferation and invasion in multiple carcinoma cell models in vitro. In vivo, the IGF-Trap has favorable pharmacokinetic properties and could markedly reduce metastatic outgrowth of colon and lung carcinoma cells in the liver, outperforming IGF-IR and ligand-binding monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, IGF-Trap dose-response profiles correlate with their bio-availability profiles, as measured by the IGF kinase receptor-activation (KIRA) assay, providing a novel, surrogate biomarker for drug efficacy. Our studies identify the IGF-Trap as a potent, safe, anti-cancer therapeutic that could overcome some of the obstacles encountered by IGF-targeting biologicals that have already been evaluated in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhsuan Michely Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Shu Qi
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Stephanie Perrino
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Masakazu Hashimoto
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-934-1934
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Wang M, Hu Y, Yu T, Ma X, Wei X, Wei Y. Pan-HER-targeted approach for cancer therapy: Mechanisms, recent advances and clinical prospect. Cancer Lett 2018; 439:113-130. [PMID: 30218688 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor family is composed of 4 structurally related receptor tyrosine kinases that are involved in many human cancers. The efficacy and safety of HER inhibitors have been compared in a wide range of clinical trials, suggesting the superior inhibitory ability of multiple- HER-targeting blockade compared with single receptor antagonists. However, many patients are currently resistant to current therapeutic treatment and novel strategies are warranted to conquer the resistance. Thus, we performed a critical review to summarize the molecular involvement of HER family receptors in tumour progression, recent anti-HER drug development based on clinical trials, and the potential resistance mechanisms of anti-HER therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Hu
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Ting Yu
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
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Vella V, Malaguarnera R, Nicolosi ML, Palladino C, Spoleti C, Massimino M, Vigneri P, Purrello M, Ragusa M, Morrione A, Belfiore A. Discoidin domain receptor 1 modulates insulin receptor signaling and biological responses in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43248-43270. [PMID: 28591735 PMCID: PMC5522143 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal isoform A of the insulin receptor (IR-A) is frequently overexpressed in a variety of malignancies including breast cancer. IR overexpression has a recognized role in cancer progression and resistance to anticancer therapies. In particular, IR-A has a peculiar mitogenic potential and is activated not only by insulin but also by IGF-2. Previously, we identified discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) as a new IR-A interacting protein. DDR1, a non-integrin collagen tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed in several malignancies and plays a role in cancer progression and metastasis. We now evaluated whether DDR1 is able to exert a role in breast cancer biology by functionally cross-talking with IR. In MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, IR and DDR1 co-immunoprecipitated and co-localized after insulin or IGF-2 stimulation. In a panel of breast cancer cells, DDR1 knockdown by specific siRNAs markedly inhibited IR downstream signaling as well as proliferation, migration and colony formation in response to insulin and IGF-2. These effects were accompanied by reduction of IR protein and mRNA expression, which involved both transcriptional and post-transcriptional effects. DDR1 overexpression elicited opposite effects. Bioinformatics analysis of public domain databases showed that IR and DDR1 co-expression significantly correlates with several clinically relevant histopathological and molecular features of human breast carcinomas. These findings demonstrate that, in human breast cancer cells, DDR1 regulates IR expression and ligand dependent biological actions. This novel functional crosstalk is likely clinically relevant and may become a new molecular target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vella
- School of Motor Sciences, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Nicolosi
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Palladino
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Spoleti
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Unit of BioMolecular, Genome, and Complex System BioMedicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Unit of BioMolecular, Genome, and Complex System BioMedicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Urology and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR overcomes cisplatin resistance in the triple negative breast cancer cell line HCC38. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:711. [PMID: 29100507 PMCID: PMC5670521 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Widely established targeted therapies directed at triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are missing. Classical chemotherapy remains the systemic treatment option. Cisplatin has been tested in TNBC but bears the disadvantage of resistance development. The purpose of this study was to identify resistance mechanisms in cisplatin-resistant TNBC cell lines and select targeted therapies based on these findings. Methods The TNBC cell lines HCC38 and MDA-MB231 were subjected to intermittent cisplatin treatment resulting in the 3.5-fold cisplatin-resistant subclone HCC38CisR and the 2.1-fold more resistant MDA-MB231CisR. Activation of pro-survival pathways was explored by immunostaining of phospho-receptor tyrosine kinases. Targeted therapies (NVP-AEW541, lapatinib and NVP-BEZ235) against activated pathways were investigated regarding cancer cell growth and cisplatin sensitivity. Results In HCC38CisR and MDA-MB231CisR, phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was observed. In HCC38CisR, treatment with NVP-AEW541 increased potency of lapatinib almost seven-fold, but both compounds could not restore cisplatin sensitivity. However, the dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 acted synergistically with cisplatin in HCC38CisR and fully restored cisplatin sensitivity. Similarly, NVP-BEZ235 increased cisplatin potency in MDA-MB231CisR. Furthermore, NVP-AEW541 in combination with lapatinib restored cisplatin sensitivity in MDA-MB231CisR. Conclusion Simultaneous inhibition of EGFR and IGF1R in cisplatin-resistant TNBC cell lines was synergistic regarding inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Co-treatment with NVP-BEZ235 or with a combination of NVP-AEW541 and lapatinib restored cisplatin sensitivity and may constitute a targeted treatment option for cisplatin-resistant TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3695-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Elhenawy AA, Ashour RH, Nabih N, Shalaby NM, El-karef AA, Abou-El-Wafa HS. Insulin growth factor inhibitor as a potential new anti-schistosoma drug: An in vivo experimental study. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1346-1358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Das S, Santra S, Jana S, Zyryanov GV, Majee A, Hajra A. The Remarkable Cooperative Effect of a Brønsted-Acidic Ionic Liquid in the Cyclization of 2-Aminobenzamides with Ketones. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Das
- Department of Chemistry; Visva-Bharati (A Central University); 731235 Santiniketan India
| | - Sougata Santra
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Sourav Jana
- Department of Chemistry; Visva-Bharati (A Central University); 731235 Santiniketan India
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis; Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 22 S. Kovalevskoy Str. 620219 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Adinath Majee
- Department of Chemistry; Visva-Bharati (A Central University); 731235 Santiniketan India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry; Visva-Bharati (A Central University); 731235 Santiniketan India
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Ochnik AM, Baxter RC. Combination therapy approaches to target insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:R513-R536. [PMID: 27733416 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) signaling as a therapeutic target has been widely studied and clinically tested. Despite the vast amount of literature supporting the biological role of IGF1R in breast cancer, effective clinical translation in targeting its activity as a cancer therapy has not been successful. The intrinsic complexity of cancer cell signaling mediated by many tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors that work together to modulate each other and intracellular downstream mediators in the cell highlights that studying IGF1R expression and activity as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in isolation is certainly associated with problems. This review discusses the current literature and clinical trials associated with IGF-1 signaling and attempts to look at new ways of designing novel IGF1R-directed breast cancer therapy approaches to target its activity
and/or intracellular downstream signaling pathways in IGF1R-expressing breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Ochnik
- Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert C Baxter
- Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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Lehuédé C, Dupuy F, Rabinovitch R, Jones RG, Siegel PM. Metabolic Plasticity as a Determinant of Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5201-8. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Macaulay VM, Middleton MR, Eckhardt SG, Rudin CM, Juergens RA, Gedrich R, Gogov S, McCarthy S, Poondru S, Stephens AW, Gadgeel SM. Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Linsitinib (OSI-906) and Erlotinib in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2897-907. [PMID: 26831715 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cross-talk between type I IGF receptor (IGF1R), insulin receptor (INSR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mediates resistance to individual receptor blockade. This study aimed to determine the MTD, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary antitumor activity of linsitinib, a potent oral IGF1R/INSR inhibitor, with EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This open-label, dose-escalation study investigated linsitinib schedules S1: once daily intermittent (days 1-3 weekly); S2, once daily continuous; S3, twice-daily continuous; each with erlotinib 100-150 mg once daily; and a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) expansion cohort. RESULTS Ninety-five patients were enrolled (S1, 44; S2, 24; S3, 12; expansion cohort, 15) and 91 treated. Seven experienced dose-limiting toxicities: QTc prolongation (3), abnormal liver function (2), hyperglycemia (1), and anorexia (1). Common adverse events included drug eruption (84%), diarrhea (73%), fatigue (68%), nausea (58%), vomiting (40%). MTDs for linsitinib/erlotinib were 450/150 mg (S1), 400/100 mg (S2). On the basis of prior monotherapy data, S3 dosing at 150 mg twice daily/150 mg once daily was the recommended phase II dose for the expansion cohort. There was no evidence of drug-drug interaction. Pharmacodynamic data showed IGF-1 elevation and reduced IGF1R/INSR phosphorylation, suggesting pathway inhibition. Across schedules, 5/75 (7%) evaluable patients experienced partial responses: spinal chordoma (268+ weeks), rectal cancer (36 weeks), three NSCLCs including 2 adenocarcinomas (16, 72 weeks), 1 squamous wild-type EGFR NSCLC (36 weeks). Disease control (CR+PR+SD) occurred in 38 of 75 (51%), and 28 of 91 (31%) patients were on study >12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The linsitinib/erlotinib combination was tolerable with preliminary evidence of activity, including durable responses in cases unlikely to respond to erlotinib monotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2897-907. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine M Macaulay
- University Department of Oncology, Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark R Middleton
- University Department of Oncology, Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Mirone G, Shukla A, Marfe G. Signaling mechanisms of resistance to EGFR- and Anti-Angiogenic Inhibitors cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 97:85-95. [PMID: 26364891 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is among four most common malignancies and the second leading cause of cancer death in the western world. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) are often overexpressed in colorectal cancer and are associated with inferior outcomes. More recently, further improvements in survival have occurred due to the use of novel targeted therapies such EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inibitors (EGFR-TKIs), EGFR monoclonal antibodies (EGFR-mAb), and VEGF antibodies. Despite the initial clinical efficacy of these inhibitors in such cancer, resistance invariably develops, typically within 1 to 2 years. Over the past several years, multiple molecular mechanisms of resistance have been identified, and some common themes have emerged. One is the development of resistance mutations in the drug target and another it is activation of alternative signaling of key downstream pathways despite sustained inhibition of the original drug target. In this mini-review, we summarize the concepts underlying EGFR- and VEGF-mediated resistance, the specific examples known to date, and the challenges of applying this knowledge to develop improved therapeutic strategies to prevent or overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mirone
- Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Arvind Shukla
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil University, Plot No.50, Sector- 15, C.B.D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai, 400614, Maharastra, India
| | - Gabriella Marfe
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Second University of Naples, via De Crecchio 7, Naples 80138, Italy
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15
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Chakraborty AK, Zerillo C, DiGiovanna MP. In vitro and in vivo studies of the combination of IGF1R inhibitor figitumumab (CP-751,871) with HER2 inhibitors trastuzumab and neratinib. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015. [PMID: 26195122 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) has been linked to resistance to HER2-directed therapy with trastuzumab (Herceptin). We examined the anti-tumor activity of figitumumab (CP-751,871), a human monoclonal antibody that blocks IGF1R ligand binding, alone and in combination with the therapeutic anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab and the pan-HER family tyrosine kinase inhibitor neratinib, using in vitro and in vivo breast cancer model systems. In vitro assays of proliferation, apoptosis, and signaling, and in vivo anti-tumor experiments were conducted in HER2-overexpressing (BT474) and HER2-normal (MCF7) models. We find single-agent activity of the HER2-targeting drugs but not figitumumab in the BT474 model, while the reverse is true in the MCF7 model. However, in both models, combining figitumumab with HER2-targeting drugs shows synergistic anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects, and optimum inhibition of downstream signaling. In murine xenograft models, synergistic anti-tumor effects were observed in the HER2-normal MCF7 model for the combination of figitumumab with trastuzumab, and, in the HER2-overexpressing BT474 model, enhanced anti-tumor effects were observed for the combination of figitumumab with either trastuzumab or neratinib. Analysis of tumor extracts from the in vivo experiments showed evidence of the most optimal inhibition of downstream signaling for the drug combinations over the single-agent therapies. These results suggest promise for such combinations in treating patients with breast cancer, and that, unlike the case for single-agent therapy, the therapeutic effects of such combinations may be independent of expression levels of the individual receptors or the single-agent activity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Chakraborty
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology) and Pharmacology, and The Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 120, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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Overholser J, Ambegaokar KH, Eze SM, Sanabria-Figueroa E, Nahta R, Bekaii-Saab T, Kaumaya PTP. Anti-Tumor Effects of Peptide Therapeutic and Peptide Vaccine Antibody Co-targeting HER-1 and HER-2 in Esophageal Cancer (EC) and HER-1 and IGF-1R in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 3:519-43. [PMID: 26350593 PMCID: PMC4586465 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines3030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the promise of targeted therapies, there remains an urgent need for effective treatment for esophageal cancer (EC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Current FDA-approved drugs have significant problems of toxicity, safety, selectivity, efficacy and development of resistance. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that rationally designed peptide vaccines/mimics are a viable therapeutic strategy for blocking aberrant molecular signaling pathways with high affinity, specificity, potency and safety. Specifically, we postulate that novel combination treatments targeting members of the EGFR family and IGF-1R will yield significant anti-tumor effects in in vitro models of EC and TNBC possibly overcoming mechanisms of resistance. We show that the combination of HER-1 and HER-2 or HER-1 and IGF-1R peptide mimics/vaccine antibodies exhibited enhanced antitumor properties with significant inhibition of tumorigenesis in OE19 EC and MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell lines. Our work elucidates the mechanisms of HER-1/IGF-1R and HER-1/HER-2 signaling in these cancer cell lines, and the promising results support the rationale for dual targeting with HER-1 and HER-2 or IGF-1R as an improved treatment regimen for advanced therapy tailored to difference types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Overholser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristen Henkins Ambegaokar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Siobhan M Eze
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Eduardo Sanabria-Figueroa
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Rita Nahta
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Pravin T P Kaumaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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17
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Gee JMW, Nicholson RI, Barrow D, Dutkowski CM, Goddard L, Jordan NJ, McClelland RA, Knowlden JM, Francies HE, Hiscox SE, Hutcheson IR. Antihormone induced compensatory signalling in breast cancer: an adverse event in the development of endocrine resistance. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 5:67-77. [PMID: 25961242 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2011.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Using MCF7 breast cancer cells, it has been shown that antihormones promote expression/activity of oestrogen-repressed tyrosine kinases, notably EGFR, HER2 and Src. These inductive events confer responsiveness to targeted inhibitors (e.g., gefitinib, trastuzumab, saracatinib). We observed that these antihormone-induced phenomena are common to ER+HER2- and ER+HER2+ breast cancer models in vitro, where targeting of EGFR, HER2 or Src alongside antihormone improves antitumour response and delays/prevents endocrine resistance. Such targeted inhibitors also subvert acquired endocrine resistant cells which retain increased EGFR, HER2 and Src (e.g., TAMR and FASR models derived after 6-12 months of tamoxifen or Faslodex treatment). Thus, antihormone-induced tyrosine kinases comprise "compensatory signalling" crucial in limiting maximal initial antihormone response and subsequently driving acquired resistance in vitro. However, despite such convincing preclinical findings from our group and others, clinical trials examining equivalent antigrowth factor strategies have proved relatively disappointing. Our new studies deciphering underlying causes reveal that further antihormone-promoted events could be pivotal in vivo. Firstly, Faslodex induces HER3 and HER4 which sensitise ER+ cells to heregulin, a paracrine growth factor that overcomes endocrine response and diminishes antitumour effect of agents targeting EGFR, HER2 or Src alongside antihormone. Secondly, extended antihormone exposure (experienced by ER+ cells prior to adjuvant clinical relapse) can "reprogramme" the compensatory kinase profile in vitro, hindering candidate antigrowth factor targeting of endocrine resistance. Faslodex resistant cells maintained with this antihormone for 3 years in vitro lose EGFR/HER2 dependency, gaining alternative mitogenic/invasion kinases. Deciphering these previously unrecognised antihormone-induced events could provide superior treatments to control endocrine relapse in the clinic.
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Foy KC, Miller MJ, Overholser J, Donnelly SM, Nahta R, Kaumaya PT. IGF-1R peptide vaccines/mimics inhibit the growth of BxPC3 and JIMT-1 cancer cells and exhibit synergistic antitumor effects with HER-1 and HER-2 peptides. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e956005. [PMID: 25941587 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.956005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a crucial role in cellular growth, proliferation, transformation, and inhibition of apoptosis. A myriad of human cancer types have been shown to overexpress IGF-1R, including breast and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. IGF-1R signaling interferes with numerous receptor pathways, rendering tumor cells resistant to chemotherapy, anti-hormonal therapy, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also known as HER-1) and v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, (ERBB2, best known as HER-2) -targeted therapies. Targeting the IGF:IGF-1R axis with innovative peptide inhibitors and vaccine antibodies thus represents a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance and to provide new avenues for individualized and combinatorial treatment strategies. In this study, we designed, synthesized, and characterized several B-cell epitopes from the IGF-1:IGF-1R axis. The chimeric peptide epitopes were highly immunogenic in outbred rabbits, eliciting high levels of peptide vaccine antibodies. The IGF-1R peptide antibodies and peptide mimics inhibited cell proliferation and receptor phosphorylation, induced apoptosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and significantly inhibited tumor growth in the transplantable BxPC-3 pancreatic and JIMT-1 breast cancer models. Our results showed that the peptides and antibodies targeting residues 56-81 and 233-251 are potential therapeutic and vaccine candidates for the treatment of IGF-1R-expressing cancers, including those that are resistant to the HER-2-targeted antibody, trastuzumab. Additionally, we found additive antitumor effects for the combination treatment of the IGF-1R 56-81 epitope with HER-1-418 and HER-2-597 epitopes. Treatment with the IGF-1R/HER-1 or IGF-1R/HER-2 combination inhibited proliferation, invasion, and receptor phosphorylation, and induced apoptosis and ADCC, to a greater degree than single agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chu Foy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Megan J Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA ; Department of Microbiology; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Jay Overholser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA
| | | | - Rita Nahta
- Department of Pharmacology; Emory University ; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Pravin Tp Kaumaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA ; Department of Microbiology; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA ; James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute and the Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA
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Scagliotti GV, Bondarenko I, Blackhall F, Barlesi F, Hsia TC, Jassem J, Milanowski J, Popat S, Sanchez-Torres JM, Novello S, Benner RJ, Green S, Molpus K, Soria JC, Shepherd FA. Randomized, phase III trial of figitumumab in combination with erlotinib versus erlotinib alone in patients with nonadenocarcinoma nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2014; 26:497-504. [PMID: 25395283 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Figitumumab (CP-751,871) is a fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody that inhibits the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. This multicenter, randomized, phase III study investigated the efficacy of figitumumab plus erlotinib compared with erlotinib alone in patients with pretreated, nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients (stage IIIB/IV or recurrent disease with nonadenocarcinoma histology) who had previously received at least one platinum-based regimen were randomized to receive open-label figitumumab (20 mg/kg) plus erlotinib 150 mg/day or erlotinib alone every 3 weeks. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). RESULTS Of 583 patients randomized, 579 received treatment. The study was closed early by an independent data safety monitoring committee due to results crossing the prespecified futility boundary. At the final analysis, median OS was 5.7 months for figitumumab plus erlotinib and 6.2 months for erlotinib alone [hazard ratio (HR) 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91-1.31; P = 0.35]. Median progression-free survival was 2.1 months for figitumumab plus erlotinib and 2.6 months for erlotinib alone (HR 1.08; 95% CI 0.90-1.29; P = 0.43). Treatment-related nonfatal serious adverse events occurred in 18% and 5% of patients in the figitumumab arm or erlotinib alone arm, respectively. There were nine treatment-related deaths (three related to both drugs, four related to erlotinib alone and two related to figitumumab). CONCLUSIONS The addition of figitumumab to erlotinib did not improve OS in patients with advanced, pretreated, nonadenocarcinoma NSCLC. Clinical development of figitumumab has been discontinued. CLINICAL TRIAL ID NCT00673049.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Scagliotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - I Bondarenko
- Department of Oncology, Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy, City Multiple-Discipline Clinical Hospital #4, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
| | - F Blackhall
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Lung Group, Manchester University and Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - F Barlesi
- Department of Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations, Aix Marseille University-Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - T-C Hsia
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J Jassem
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk
| | - J Milanowski
- Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - S Popat
- Lung Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - S Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - R J Benner
- Department of Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, USA
| | - S Green
- Department of Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, USA
| | - K Molpus
- Department of Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, USA
| | - J-C Soria
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy and INSERM Unit 981, Villejuif, France
| | - F A Shepherd
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Enguita-Germán M, Fortes P. Targeting the insulin-like growth factor pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2014; 6:716-737. [PMID: 25349643 PMCID: PMC4209417 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v6.i10.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Only 30%-40% of the patients with HCC are eligible for curative treatments, which include surgical resection as the first option, liver transplantation and percutaneous ablation. Unfortunately, there is a high frequency of tumor recurrence after surgical resection and most HCC seem resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Sorafenib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the only chemotherapeutic option for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients treated with Sorafenib have a significant increase in overall survival of about three months. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatments. Due to its role in cell growth and development, the insulin-like growth factor system is commonly deregulated in many cancers. Indeed, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has recently emerged as a potential target for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. To this aim, several inhibitors of the pathway have been developed such as monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, antisense oligonucleotides or small interfering RNAs. However recent studies suggest that, unlike most tumors, HCC development requires increased signaling through insulin growth factor II rather than insulin growth factor I. This may have great implications in the future treatment of HCC. This review summarizes the role of the IGF axis in liver carcinogenesis and the current status of the strategies designed to target the IGF-I signaling pathway for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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21
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Philip PA, Goldman B, Ramanathan RK, Lenz HJ, Lowy AM, Whitehead RP, Wakatsuki T, Iqbal S, Gaur R, Benedetti JK, Blanke CD. Dual blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 signaling in metastatic pancreatic cancer: phase Ib and randomized phase II trial of gemcitabine, erlotinib, and cixutumumab versus gemcitabine plus erlotinib (SWOG S0727). Cancer 2014; 120:2980-5. [PMID: 25041791 PMCID: PMC4284963 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting a single pathway in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) is unlikely to affect its natural history. We tested the hypothesis that simulataneous targeting of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R) pathways would significantly improve progression-free survival (PFS) by abrogating reciprocal signaling that promote drug resistance METHODS This was a phase Ib/II study testing cixutumumab, combined with erlotinib and gemcitabine (G) in patients with untreated metastatic PC. The control arm was erlotinib plus G. The primary end point was PFS. Eligibility included performance status 0/1 and normal fasting blood glucose. Polymorphisms in genes involved in G metabolism and in the EGFR pathway were also studied RESULTS The phase I results (n = 10) established the safety of cixutumumab 6 mg/kg/week intravenously, erlotinib 100 mg/day orally, and G 1000 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. In the RP2 portion (116 eligible patients; median age, 63), the median PFS and overall survival (OS) were 3.6 and 7.0 months, respectively, on the cixutumumab arm, and 3.6 and 6.7 months, respecively, on the control arm. Major grades 3 and 4 toxicities with cixutumumab and control were elevation of transaminases, 12% and 6%, respectively; fatigue, 16% and 12%, respectively; gastrointestinal, 35% and 28%, respectively; neutropenia, 21% and 10%, respectively; and thrombocytopenia, 16% and 7%, respecively. Grade 3/4 hyperglycemia was seen in 16% of patients on cixutumumab. Grade 3 or 4 skin toxicity was similar in both arms of the study (< 5%). No significant differences in PFS by genotype were seen for any of the polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS Adding the IGF-1R inhibitor cixutumumab to erlotinib and G did not lead to longer PFS or OS in metastatic PC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew M. Lowy
- University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - Syma Iqbal
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rakesh Gaur
- Kansas City Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP), Prairie Village, KS
| | | | - Charles D. Blanke
- University of British Columbia, and British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Wen PY, Kesari S, Drappatz J. Malignant gliomas: strategies to increase the effectiveness of targeted molecular treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 6:733-54. [PMID: 16759164 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.6.5.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing interest in the use of targeted molecular agents for the treatment of malignant gliomas. These agents are generally well tolerated but have demonstrated only modest activity. In this article, the current status of targeted molecular agents for malignant gliomas will be reviewed and strategies to improve their effectiveness will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y Wen
- Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, SW430D, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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High Coexpression of Both EGFR and IGF1R Correlates With Poor Patient Prognosis in Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2014; 15:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cho JH. [Recent update of molecular targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2013; 61:147-54. [PMID: 23575233 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2013.61.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most dreaded malignancies and the 5th leading cause of cancer-related death in Korea. Late diagnosis and unfavorable response to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy result in exceptionally poor prognosis. Recently, the rapid advances of molecular biology allowed an in-depth understanding of pancreatic carcinogenesis, and there are many attempts to modulate signal pathway using specific targeted agent. However, the most of them have so far failed to improve survival significantly except erlotinib. The real challenge is now how these impressive advances of molecular biology could be successfully integrated into better clinical implications. Herein, we summarize the latest insights into the carcinogenesis, and their repercussions for novel targeted agents for pancreatic cancer, and provide a review of recent clinical trials using molecular targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Myongji Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
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25
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Nurwidya F, Takahashi F, Murakami A, Kobayashi I, Kato M, Shukuya T, Tajima K, Shimada N, Takahashi K. Acquired resistance of non-small cell lung cancer to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Respir Investig 2013; 52:82-91. [PMID: 24636263 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) triggers anti-apoptotic signaling, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance, which leads to development and progression of human epithelial cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Inhibition of EGFR by tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as gefitinib and erlotinib has provided a new hope for the cure of NSCLC patients. However, acquired resistance to gefitinib and erlotinib via EGFR-mutant NSCLC has occurred through various molecular mechanisms such as T790M secondary mutation, MET amplification, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) overexpression, PTEN downregulation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and other mechanisms. This review will discuss the biology of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition and focus on the molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors of EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariz Nurwidya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Akiko Murakami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Motoyasu Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Takehito Shukuya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Ken Tajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Naoko Shimada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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Li P, Veldwijk MR, Zhang Q, Li ZB, Xu WC, Fu S. Co-inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 enhances radiosensitivity in human breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:297. [PMID: 23777562 PMCID: PMC3697997 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over-expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) have been shown to closely correlate with radioresistance of breast cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the impact of co-inhibition of EGFR and IGF-1R on the radiosensitivity of two breast cancer cells with different profiles of EGFR and IGF-1R expression. Methods The MCF-7 (EGFR +/−, IGF-1R +++) and MDA-MB-468 (EGFR +++, IGF-1R +++) breast cancer cell lines were used. Radiosensitizing effects were determined by colony formation assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were measured by flow cytometry. Phospho-Akt and phospho-Erk1/2 were quantified by western blot. In vivo studies were conducted using MDA-MB-468 cells xenografted in nu/nu mice. Results In MDA-MB-468 cells, the inhibition of IGF-1R upregulated the p-EGFR expression. Either EGFR (AG1478) or IGF-1R inhibitor (AG1024) radiosensitized MDA-MB-468 cells. In MCF-7 cells, radiosensitivity was enhanced by AG1024, but not by AG1478. Synergistical radiosensitizing effect was observed by co-inhibition of EGFR and IGF-1R only in MDA-MB-468 cells with a DMF10% of 1.90. The co-inhibition plus irradiation significantly induced more apoptosis and arrested the cells at G0/G1 phase in MDA-MB-468 cells. Only co-inhibition of EGFR and IGF-1R synergistically diminished the expression of p-Akt and p-Erk1/2 in MDA-MB-468 cells. In vivo studies further verified the radiosensitizing effects by co-inhibition of both pathways in a MDA-MB-468 xenograft model. Conclusion Our data suggested that co-inhibition of EGFR and IGF-1R synergistically radiosensitized breast cancer cells with both EGFR and IGF-1R high expression. The approach may have an important therapeutic implication in the treatment of breast cancer patients with high expression of EGFR and IGF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sixth People's Hospital of Jiao Tong University, 600 Yi Shan Rd,, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
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Chen HX, Sharon E. IGF-1R as an anti-cancer target--trials and tribulations. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2013; 32:242-52. [PMID: 23601239 PMCID: PMC3845553 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.012.10263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) has long been recognized for its role in tumorigenesis and growth, but only recently have the tools for targeting the IGF pathway become available. More than 10 IGF/IGF-1R inhibitors have entered clinical trials, and these belong to three main classes: (1) monoclonal antibodies against IGF-1R, (2) monoclonal antibodies against IGF-1R ligands (IGF-1 and IGF-2), and (3) IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These IGF-1R-targeting agents share common effects on IGF-1R signaling but differ in mechanisms of action, spectrum of target inhibition, and pharmacological features. Clinical activity of IGF-1R inhibitors has been demonstrated with sustained responses in a small number of patients with select tumor types, such as Ewing sarcoma and thymoma. However, many large clinical trials involving patients with adult tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer, failed to show clinical benefit in the overall patient population. Possible reasons for failure include the complexity of the IGF-1R/insulin receptor system and parallel growth and survival pathways, as well as a lack of patient selection markers. While IGF-1R remains a valid target for selected tumor types, identification of predictive markers and rational combinations will be critical to success in future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen X Chen
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Identification of novel signalling roles and targets for G(α) and G(βγ) downstream of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem J 2013. [PMID: 23186281 DOI: 10.1042/bj20112158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction is the underlying cause of nearly 80% of heart disease cases, and its initiation and progression can be exacerbated by circulating factors, such as IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1). IGF-1, which is highly homologous with insulin, elicits a response via a classical tyrosine kinase receptor, the IGF-1R (IGF-1 receptor). However, it has been suggested that the IGF-1R may also be coupled to a heterotrimeric G-protein and can thus modulate cellular processes via this alternate pathway. The objective of the present study was to investigate the structural aspects of IGF-1R coupling to a heterotrimeric G-protein in VSMCs [vascular SMCs (smooth muscle cells)], as well as examine the contribution of this pathway to cellular responses that are related to vascular disease. We found that the intracellular subunit of the IGF-1R precipitates with two G-protein subunits. The G(βγ)-mediated pathway contributes to both proliferation and migration. We also show that IGF-1 specifically activates G(αi) and can directly interact with both G(αi1) and G(αi2). A phospho-screen using a novel specific G(αi)-peptide inhibitor reveals a number of potential downstream effectors of this pathway, although our results show that it is not essential for SMC proliferation or migration.
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Ioannou N, Seddon AM, Dalgleish A, Mackintosh D, Modjtahedi H. Treatment with a combination of the ErbB (HER) family blocker afatinib and the IGF-IR inhibitor, NVP-AEW541 induces synergistic growth inhibition of human pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:41. [PMID: 23367880 PMCID: PMC3598209 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression and activation of the IGF-IR have been reported in a variety of human cancers and have been associated with resistance to HER targeted therapy. In this study, we investigated the effect of simultaneous targeting of IGF-IR and HER (erbB) family, with NVP-AEW541 and afatinib, on proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods The sensitivity of a panel of human pancreatic cancer cell lines to treatment with NVP-AEW541 used alone or in combination with afatinib, anti-EGFR antibody ICR62, and cytotoxic agents was determined using the Sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. Growth factor receptor expression, cell-cycle distribution and cell signalling were determined using flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Results All pancreatic cancer cell lines were found to be IGF-IR positive and NVP-AEW541 treatment inhibited the growth of the pancreatic cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 342 nM (FA6) to 2.73 μM (PT45). Interestingly, of the various combinations examined, treatment with a combination of NVP-AEW541 and afatinib was superior in inducing synergistic growth inhibition of the majority of pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusion Our results indicate that co-targeting of the erbB (HER) family and IGF-IR, with a combination of afatinib and NVP-AEW541, is superior to treatment with a single agent and encourages further investigation in vivo on their therapeutic potential in IGF-IR and HER positive pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Ioannou
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
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Baxi SM, Tan W, Murphy ST, Smeal T, Yin MJ. Targeting 3-phosphoinoside-dependent kinase-1 to inhibit insulin-like growth factor-I induced AKT and p70 S6 kinase activation in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48402. [PMID: 23119004 PMCID: PMC3485233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of IGF to IGF-IR activates PI3K to generate PIP3 which in turn recruits and activates proteins that contain a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, including AKT and PDK1. PDK1 is highly expressed in breast tumor samples and breast cancer cell lines. Here we demonstrate that targeting PDK1 with the potent and selective PDK1 inhibitor PF-5177624 in the IGF-PI3K pathway blocks breast cancer cell proliferation and transformation. Breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D, representing the luminal ER positive subtype and harboring PIK3CA mutations, were most responsive to IGF-I induction resulting in upregulated AKT and p70S6K phosphorylation via PDK1 activation. PF-5177624 downregulated AKT and p70S6K phosphorylation, blocked cell cycle progression, and decreased cell proliferation and transformation to block IGFR-I induced activation in breast cancer cells. These results may provide insight into clinical strategies for developing an IGFR-I inhibitor and/or a PDK1 inhibitor in luminal breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita M. Baxi
- Oncology Research, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Tan
- Oncology Research, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Sean T. Murphy
- Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Tod Smeal
- Oncology Research, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Min-Jean Yin
- Oncology Research, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Clayburgh DR, Gross ND, Proby C, Koide J, Wong MH. Effects of epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor inhibition on proliferation and intracellular signaling in cutaneous SCCHN: potential for dual inhibition as a therapeutic modality. Head Neck 2012; 35:86-93. [PMID: 22495823 DOI: 10.1002/hed.22936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) has been proposed as a therapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). METHODS Receptor expression and downstream signaling were assessed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines and patient samples. EGFR and IGF-1R signaling was inhibited in cutaneous SCC cell lines using erlotinib and/or picropodophyllin. RESULTS EGFR and IGF-1R were overexpressed in cutaneous SCCHN specimens relative to normal skin. Dual inhibition of both receptors prevented cell growth and decreased activation of Akt and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) more effectively than either inhibitor alone. CONCLUSION Dual inhibition of EGFR and IGF-1R is effective at blocking cell growth, and is correlated with inhibition of Akt and p42/44 MAPK, suggesting that this may be a promising treatment for cutaneous SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Clayburgh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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Abstract
The majority of growth factor receptors are composed of extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (TK) domains. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation regulates many key processes including cell growth and survival. However, dysregulation of RTK has been found in a wide range of cancers, and it has been shown to correlate with the development and progression of numerous cancers. Therefore, RTK has become an attractive therapeutic target. One way to effectively block signaling from RTK is inhibition of its catalytic activity with small-molecule inhibitors. Low-molecular-weight TK inhibitors (TKIs), such as imatinib, targeting tumors with mutant c-Kit, and gefitinib, targeting non-small cell lung cancer with mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), have received marketing approval in Japan. MET, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) are frequently genetically altered in advanced cancers. TKIs of these receptors have not yet appeared on the market, but many anticancer drug candidates are currently undergoing clinical trials. Most of these TKIs were designed to compete with ATP at the ATP-binding site within the TK domain. This review will focus on small-molecule TKIs targeting MET, FGFR, and IGF-IR and discuss the merits and demerits of two types of agents, i.e., those with only one or a few targets and those directed at multiple targets. Targeting agents specifically inhibiting the target kinase were previously searched for based on the hypothesis that a narrow target window might reduce unexpected side effects, but agents with multiple targets have been recently developed to overcome tumors resistant against a single-targeting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
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Weickhardt A, Doebele R, Oton A, Lettieri J, Maxson D, Reynolds M, Brown A, Jackson MK, Dy G, Adjei A, Fetterly G, Lu X, Franklin W, Varella-Garcia M, Hirsch FR, Wynes MW, Youssoufian H, Adjei A, Camidge DR. A phase I/II study of erlotinib in combination with the anti-insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor monoclonal antibody IMC-A12 (cixutumumab) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2012; 7:419-26. [PMID: 22237261 PMCID: PMC3358820 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31823c5b11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This phase I/II study evaluated the safety and antitumor effect of the combination of erlotinib with cixutumumab, a recombinant fully humanized anti-insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor IgG1 monoclonal antibody, in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Patients with advanced NSCLC were treated in an initial safety-lead and drop-down cohorts using erlotinib 150 mg/d with cixutumumab 6 or 5 mg/kg on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 in 28-day cycles (cohorts 1 and 2). Emerging pharmacokinetic data led to an additional cohort (3 + 3 design) with cixutumumab at 15 mg/kg on day 1 in 21-day cycles (cohort 3). RESULTS Eighteen patients entered the study (6 at 6 mg/kg, 8 at 5 mg/kg, and 4 at 15 mg/kg), with median age of 65 years. Four of six patients at 6 mg/kg experienced dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), whereas at 5 mg/kg, one of eight patients experienced DLT but three of eight patients still required a dose delay during cycle 1. At 15 mg/kg every 21 days, two of four patients experienced DLTs. In all cohorts, DLTs were either G3 rash or fatigue. Five patients had stable disease as best response and 14 patients had progressive disease. The median progression-free survival was 39 days (range 21-432+ days). Biomarkers analyses showed a trend toward better progression-free survival seen with higher free baseline insulin-like growth factor-1 levels as seen with other insulin-like growth factor-1R inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS The combinations of cixutumumab at 6 mg/kg every 7 days and 15 mg/kg every 21 days and full-dose erlotinib are not tolerable in unselected patients with NSCLC, as measured by DLT. Cixutumumab at 5 mg/kg every 7 days was tolerable per DLT, but dose delays were common. Efficacy in unselected patients with NSCLC seems to be low.
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Shahaf G, Rotem-Dai N, Koifman G, Raveh-Amit H, Frost SA, Livneh E. PKCη is a negative regulator of AKT inhibiting the IGF-I induced proliferation. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:789-99. [PMID: 22305966 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K-AKT pathway is frequently activated in human cancers, including breast cancer, and its activation appears to be critical for tumor maintenance. Some malignant cells are dependent on activated AKT for their survival; tumors exhibiting elevated AKT activity show sensitivity to its inhibition, providing an Achilles heel for their treatment. Here we show that the PKCη isoform is a negative regulator of the AKT signaling pathway. The IGF-I induced phosphorylation on Ser473 of AKT was inhibited by the PKCη-induced expression in MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cancer cells. This was further confirmed in shRNA PKCη-knocked-down MCF-7 cells, demonstrating elevated phosphorylation on AKT Ser473. While PKCη exhibited negative regulation on AKT phosphorylation it did not alter the IGF-I induced ERK phosphorylation. However, it enhanced ERK phosphorylation when stimulated by PDGF. Moreover, its effects on IGF-I/AKT and PDGF/ERK pathways were in correlation with cell proliferation. We further show that both PKCη and IGF-I confer protection against UV-induced apoptosis and cell death having additive effects. Although the protective effect of IGF-I involved activation of AKT, it was not affected by PKCη expression, suggesting that PKCη acts through a different route to increase cell survival. Hence, our studies show that PKCη provides negative control on AKT pathway leading to reduced cell proliferation, and further suggest that its presence/absence in breast cancer cells will affect cell death, which could be of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Shahaf
- The Shraga Segal department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Science and the Cancer Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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King ER, Wong KK. Insulin-like growth factor: current concepts and new developments in cancer therapy. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2012; 7:14-30. [PMID: 21875414 PMCID: PMC3724215 DOI: 10.2174/157489212798357930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family and the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) play an important role in cancer. This intricate and complex signaling pathway provides many opportunities for therapeutic intervention, and several novel therapeutics aimed at the IGF-1R, particularly monoclonal antibodies and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are under clinical investigation. This article provides a patent overview of the IGF signaling pathway and its complexity, addresses the justification for the use of IGF-1R-targeted therapy, and reviews the results of in vivo and in vitro novel therapeutics. Over the past year, the completion of several phase I, II, and III trials have provided interesting new information about the clinical activity of these novel compounds, particularly CP-751,871, IMC-A12, R1507, AMG-479, AVE-1642, MK-0646, XL-228, OSI-906, and BMS-754807. We review the important preliminary results from clinical trials with these compounds and conclude with a discussion about future therapeutic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R King
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1362, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Jameson MJ, Beckler AD, Taniguchi LE, Allak A, Vanwagner LB, Lee NG, Thomsen WC, Hubbard MA, Thomas CY. Activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor induces resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor antagonism in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:2124-34. [PMID: 21878657 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have poor efficacy in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (HNSCC). Because the IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) generates potent prosurvival signals and has been implicated in therapeutic resistance, its ability to induce resistance to EGFR-TKIs was studied in vitro. Five HNSCC cell lines showed reduced sensitivity to the EGFR-TKI gefitinib when the IGF1R was activated. In SCC-25 and Cal27 cells, gefitinib inhibited basal and EGF-stimulated EGFR, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), and Akt phosphorylation and reduced cell number. This correlated with initiation of apoptosis based on a 4-fold increase in PARP cleavage and a 2.5-fold increase in Annexin V positivity. The apoptotic response and reduction in cell number were blocked by IGF1R activation, which resulted in phosphorylation of both Erk and Akt. In both the cell lines, IGF1R-induced Erk, but not Akt, activation was eliminated by gefitinib. IGF1R-induced gefitinib resistance was unaffected by MAP/Erk kinase inhibition with U0126 but was partially impaired by inhibition of phosphoinositide-3-kinase with LY294002. The IGF1R-TKI PQ401 inhibited growth of SCC-25 and Cal27 cells alone and also acted synergistically with gefitinib. Thus, the IGF1R can make HNSCC cells resistant to EGFR-TKI treatment via a prosurvival mechanism. Of the 8 HNSCC tumor samples studied, all samples expressed the IGF1R and 5 showed detectable IGF1R phosphorylation, suggesting that this receptor may be relevant in vivo, and thus, combined EGFR/IGF1R inhibition may be necessary in some patients for effective targeted molecular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Jameson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA.
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Despite significant improvement in understanding disease biology, the 5-year survival rates remain less than 5%. Targeted agents failed to add any meaningful survival benefit in this patient population despite very promising pre-clinical data. The new paradigm for the treatment of PC must emphasize validation of targeted agents in the appropriate pre-clinical models, identification of predictive markers for disease response, and extending range of targets into cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment. It is also necessary to perform studies that are designed to address the various stages of disease with respect to study endpoints and application of a multimodality approach in management. Phase III trials should only be considered when a strong efficacy signal is demonstrated in phase II studies that is based on a survival endpoint. This review will focus on the development of novel treatments in pancreas cancer and the proposed design of future clinical trials.
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Dearth RK, Kuiatse I, Wang YF, Liao L, Hilsenbeck SG, Brown PH, Xu J, Lee AV. A moderate elevation of circulating levels of IGF-I does not alter ErbB2 induced mammary tumorigenesis. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:377. [PMID: 21867536 PMCID: PMC3189189 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological evidence suggests that moderately elevated levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are associated with increased risk of breast cancer in women. How circulating IGF-I may promote breast cancer incidence is unknown, however, increased IGF-I signaling is linked to trastuzumab resistance in ErbB2 positive breast cancer. Few models have directly examined the effect of moderately high levels of circulating IGF-I on breast cancer initiation and progression. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of circulating IGF-I to independently initiate mammary tumorigenesis and/or accelerate the progression of ErbB2 mediated mammary tumor growth. Methods We crossed heterozygous TTR-IGF-I mice with heterozygous MMTV-ErbB2 mice to generate 4 different genotypes: TTR-IGF-I/MMTV-ErbB2 (bigenic), TTR-IGF-I only, MMTV-ErbB2 only, and wild type (wt). Virgin females were palpated twice a week and harvested when tumors reached 1000 mm3. For study of normal development, blood and tissue were harvested at 4, 6 and 9 weeks of age in TTR-IGF-I and wt mice. Results TTR-IGF-I and TTR-IGF-I/ErbB2 bigenic mice showed a moderate 35% increase in circulating total IGF-I compared to ErbB2 and wt control mice. Elevation of circulating IGF-I had no effect upon pubertal mammary gland development. The transgenic increase in IGF-I alone wasn't sufficient to initiate mammary tumorigenesis. Elevated circulating IGF-I had no effect upon ErbB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis or metastasis, with median time to tumor formation being 30 wks and 33 wks in TTR-IGF-I/ErbB2 bigenic and ErbB2 mice respectively (p = 0.65). Levels of IGF-I in lysates from ErbB2/TTR-IGF-I tumors compared to ErbB2 was elevated in a similar manner to the circulating IGF-I, however, there was no effect on the rate of tumor growth (p = 0.23). There were no morphological differences in tumor type (solid adenocarcinomas) between bigenic and ErbB2 mammary glands. Conclusion Using the first transgenic animal model to elevate circulating levels of IGF-I to those comparable to women at increased risk of breast cancer, we showed that moderately high levels of systemic IGF-I have no effect on pubertal mammary gland development, initiating mammary tumorigenesis or promoting ErbB2 driven mammary carcinogenesis. Our work suggests that ErbB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis is independent of the normal variation in circulating levels of IGF-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Dearth
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Qi HW, Shen Z, Fan LH. Combined inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor enhances the effects of gefitinib in a human non-small cell lung cancer resistant cell line. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2:1091-1095. [PMID: 22977626 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) signaling pathway is an important growth-regulatory pathway that is prevalent in a variety of cancer types, including human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To observe the combined effects of gefitinib and AG1024-induced IGF-1R inhibition on the growth of NSCLC, PC9/G cells, a NSCLC cell line with acquired resistance to gefitinib, were treated with AG1024 and gefitinib, alone or in combination. The proliferative activity of PC9/G cells upon different treatments was assessed by CCK-8, and the median-effects principle was used to assess the effect of the combined treatment. Apoptotic rates of the PC9/G cells for the different treatment groups were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (p-EGFR), phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) in PC9/G cells was examined by Western blotting. PC9/G cells exhibited apoptotic features after treatment with AG1024 and gefitinib alone, and their proliferation rates were inhibited to different degrees. The treatment of AG1024 combined with gefitinib resulted in a synergistic effect in inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation and decreasing the expression of p-EGFR, p-Akt and p-ERK. In conclusion, combined inhibition of IGF-1R signaling enhances the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of gefitinib in NSCLC gefinitib-resistant cells. Moreover, the addition of an anti-IGF-1R strategy to gefitinib treatment may be more effective than a single-agent approach.
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Receptor-tyrosine-kinase-targeted therapies for head and neck cancer. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2011; 2011:982879. [PMID: 21776391 PMCID: PMC3135278 DOI: 10.1155/2011/982879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular therapeutics for treating epidermal growth factor receptor-(EGFR-) expressing cancers are a specific method for treating cancers compared to general cell loss with standard cytotoxic therapeutics. However, the finding that resistance to such therapy is common in clinical trials now dampens the initial enthusiasm over this targeted treatment. Yet an improved molecular understanding of other receptor tyrosine kinases known to be active in cancer has revealed a rich network of cross-talk between receptor pathways with a key finding of common downstream signaling pathways. Such cross talk may represent a key mechanism for resistance to EGFR-directed therapy. Here we review the interplay between EGFR and Met and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) tyrosine kinases, as well as their contribution to anti-EGFR therapeutic resistance in the context of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck, a tumor known to be primarily driven by EGFR-related oncogenic signals.
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Tandon R, Kapoor S, Vali S, Senthil V, Nithya D, Venkataramanan R, Sharma A, Talwadkar A, Ray A, Bhatnagar PK, Dastidar SG. Dual epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor: a novel approach for overcoming resistance in anticancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667:56-65. [PMID: 21640718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) have been found to show a good initial response in cancer patients but during the course of treatment, patients develop resistance after a few weeks of time. Development of secondary mutations or over-activation of insulin like growth factor (IGF-1R) pathway are a few of the several mechanisms proposed to explain the resistance. To study the effect of dual inhibition of EGFR and IGF-1R in overcoming the resistance, three strategies were envisaged and are reported in this manuscript: 1) a virtual predictive tumor model, 2) in vitro experimental data using a combination of EGFR and IGF-1R inhibitors and 3) in vitro experimental data using in house dual inhibitors. Findings reported in this manuscript suggest that simultaneous inhibition of IGF-1R and EGFR either by combination of two inhibitors or by dual kinase inhibitors is more efficacious compared to single agents. In vitro cell based experiments conducted using epidermoid cancer cell line, A431 and an EGFR mutant cell line, H1975 along with virtual predictions reported here suggests that dual inhibition of EGFR and IGF-1R is a viable approach to overcome EGFR resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Tandon
- Department of Pharmacology, New Drug Discovery Research, Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited, Plot No. 20, Sector-18, Gurgaon-122 001, Haryana, India.
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Galer CE, Corey CL, Wang Z, Younes MN, Gomez-Rivera F, Jasser SA, Ludwig DL, El-Naggar AK, Weber RS, Myers JN. Dual inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor receptor I: reduction of angiogenesis and tumor growth in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2011; 33:189-98. [PMID: 20848439 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common nonmelanoma skin cancer. Most of the approximately 250,000 cases occurring annually in the United States are small, nonaggressive, and cured by excision alone. However, a subset of these tumors which are defined by poorly differentiated histology, large tumor size, invasion of adjacent structures, and/or regional metastases can prove resistant to treatment despite adjuvant radiotherapy and can have an increased risk of recurrence and nodal metastasis. Novel therapeutic approaches are necessary to improve the outcomes for patients with aggressive CSCC. METHODS We analyzed the effect of targeted therapy on the growth and survival of CSCC cell lines using an anti-insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) antibody, A12, alone or in combination with an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody, cetuximab, both in vitro and in vivo in an athymic nude mouse model of CSCC. RESULTS Treatment with A12 and cetuximab inhibited the signaling pathways of IGF-IR and EGFR and inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines in vitro. Immunohistochemical staining revealed decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), microvessel density, and increased apoptosis within the treated tumor xenografts. In addition, the administration of A12, alone or in combination with cetuximab inhibited the growth of tumors by 51% and 92%, respectively, and significantly enhanced survival in the nude mouse model of CSCC (p = .044 and p < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION These data suggest that dual treatment with monoclonal antibodies to the EGFR and IGF-IR may be therapeutically useful in the treatment of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Galer
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Perrault R, Wright B, Storie B, Hatherell A, Zahradka P. Tyrosine kinase-independent activation of extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 by the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. Cell Signal 2011; 23:739-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tognon CE, Somasiri AM, Evdokimova VE, Trigo G, Uy EE, Melnyk N, Carboni JM, Gottardis MM, Roskelley CD, Pollak M, Sorensen PHB. ETV6-NTRK3-mediated breast epithelial cell transformation is blocked by targeting the IGF1R signaling pathway. Cancer Res 2010; 71:1060-70. [PMID: 21148487 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 receptor (IGF1R) is an important therapeutic target under study in many cancers. Here, we describe a breast cancer model based on expression of the ETV6-NTRK3 (EN) chimeric tyrosine kinase that suggests novel therapeutic applications of IGF1R inhibitors in secretory breast cancers. Originally discovered in congenital fibrosarcomas with t(12;15) translocations, EN was identified subsequently in secretory breast carcinoma (SBC) which represent a variant of invasive ductal carcinoma. Because fibroblast transformation by EN requires the IGF1R axis, we hypothesized a similar dependency may exist in mammary cells and, if so, that IGF1R inhibitors might be useful to block EN-driven breast oncogenesis. In this study, we analyzed EN expressing murine and human mammary epithelial cell lines for transformation properties. Various IGF1R signaling inhibitors, including the dual specificity IGF1R/insulin receptor (INSR) inhibitor BMS-536924, were then tested for effects on three-dimensional Matrigel cell growth, migration, and tumor formation. We found that EN expression increased acinar size and luminal filling in Matrigel cultures and promoted orthotopic tumor growth in mice. Tumors were well differentiated and nonmetastatic, similar to human SBC. The known EN effector pathway, PI3K-Akt, was activated in an IGF1- or insulin-dependent manner. BMS-536924 blocked EN transformation in vitro, whereas BMS-754807, another IGIFR/INSR kinase inhibitor currently in clinical trials, significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo. Importantly, EN model systems mimic the clinical phenotype observed in human SBC. Moreover, EN has a strict requirement for IGF1R or INSR in breast cell transformation. Thus, our findings strongly encourage the evaluation of IGF1R/INSR inhibitors to treat EN-driven breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E Tognon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Ligands of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Family as Serum Biomarkers for Response to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2010; 5:1939-48. [DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3181f77a39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li R, Pourpak A, Morris SW. Inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) tyrosine kinase as a novel cancer therapy approach. J Med Chem 2010; 52:4981-5004. [PMID: 19610618 DOI: 10.1021/jm9002395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongshi Li
- Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Tumour-microenvironmental interactions: paths to progression and targets for treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2010; 20:128-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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48
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Benbrook DM, Lightfoot S, Ranger-Moore J, Liu T, Chengedza S, Berry WL, Dozmorov I. Gene expression analysis of biological systems driving an organotypic model of endometrial carcinogenesis and chemoprevention. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2010; 2:21-42. [PMID: 19784388 PMCID: PMC2733085 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An organotypic model of endometrial carcinogenesis and chemoprevention was developed in which normal endometrial organotypic cultures exposed to the carcinogen, DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene), developed a cancerous phenotype in the absence, but not presence of subsequent treatment with a flexible heteroarotinoid (Flex-Het), called SHetA2. A discriminant function based on karyometric features of cellular nuclei and an agar clonogenic assay confirmed these histologic changes. Interpretation of microarray data using an internal standard approach identified major pathways associated with carcinogenesis and chemoprevention governed by c-myc, p53, TNFα and Jun genes. Cluster analysis of functional associations of hypervariable genes demonstrated that carcinogenesis is accompanied by a stimulating association between a module of genes that includes tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), c-myc, and epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGF-R) and a module that includes insulin-like growth factor I-receptor (IGF-IR), p53, and Jun genes. Two secreted proteins involved in these systems, tenascin C and inhibin A, were validated at the protein level. Tenascin C is an EGF-R ligand, and therefore may contribute to the increased EGF-R involvement in carcinogenesis. The known roles of the identified molecular systems in DMBA and endometrial carcinogenesis and chemoprevention supports the validity of this model and the potential clinical utility of SHetA2 in chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris M Benbrook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Carboni JM, Wittman M, Yang Z, Lee F, Greer A, Hurlburt W, Hillerman S, Cao C, Cantor GH, Dell-John J, Chen C, Discenza L, Menard K, Li A, Trainor G, Vyas D, Kramer R, Attar RM, Gottardis MM. BMS-754807, a small molecule inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1R/IR. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 8:3341-9. [PMID: 19996272 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BMS-754807 is a potent and reversible inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor/insulin receptor family kinases (Ki, <2 nmol/L). It is currently in phase I development for the treatment of a variety of human cancers. BMS-754807 effectively inhibits the growth of a broad range of human tumor types in vitro, including mesenchymal (Ewing's, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and liposarcoma), epithelial (breast, lung, pancreatic, colon, gastric), and hematopoietic (multiple myeloma and leukemia) tumor cell lines (IC50, 5-365 nmol/L); the compound caused apoptosis in a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, Rh41, as shown by an accumulation of the sub-G1 fraction, as well as by an increase in poly ADP ribose polymerase and Caspase 3 cleavage. BMS-754807 is active in vivo in multiple (epithelial, mesenchymal, and hematopoietic) xenograft tumor models with tumor growth inhibition ranging from 53% to 115% and at a minimum effective dose of as low as 6.25 mg/kg dosed orally daily. Combination studies with BMS-754807 have been done on multiple human tumor cell types and showed in vitro synergies (combination index, <1.0) when combined with cytotoxic, hormonal, and targeted agents. The combination of cetuximab and BMS-754807 in vivo, at multiple dose levels, resulted in improved clinical outcome over single agent treatment. These data show that BMS-754807 is an efficacious, orally active growth factor 1 receptor/insulin receptor family-targeted kinase inhibitor that may act in combination with a wide array of established anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Carboni
- Oncology Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Organization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, PO Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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Abstract
The IGF pathway plays a major role in cancer cell proliferation, survival and resistance to antineoplastic therapies in many human malignancies. As such, interference with this pathway is the target of many investigational pharmacologic agents. Cixutumumab, a monoclonal antibody to IGF-1R, utilizes this concept. In this review, we summarize preclinical, pharmacologic and early clinical data regarding this agent and discuss the impact this drug might have on the future treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P McKian
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, 200 First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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