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Dehghani S, Moshfeghinia R, Ramezani M, Vali M, Oskoei V, Amiri-Ardekani E, Hopke P. Exposure to air pollution and risk of ovarian cancer: a review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:439-450. [PMID: 35575767 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposure to air pollution has destructive health consequences and a potential role in ovarian cancer etiology. We conducted a systematic review of the studies assessing the associations between ovarian malignancy and exposure to air pollutants. CONTENT The included studies were categorized based on types of measured ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter (five studies), gases (two studies), air pollutant mixtures (eight studies), and traffic indicators for air pollution (only one study). Because of the heterogeneity of quantitative data of the reviewed studies, we qualitatively reviewed the air pollution role in ovarian cancer risk with representing incidence and/or the mortality rate of ovarian cancer in related with air pollution. Nine studies were ecological study design. Except for one, all studies confirmed a positive correlation between exposure to ambient air pollution (AAP) and increased ovarian cancer risks. SUMMARY We concluded that prolonged air pollution exposure through possible mechanisms, estrogen-like effects, and genetic mutations might affect ovarian tumorigenesis. This research surveyed the limitations of the previous studies, including issues with ambient air pollution surveillance and assessing the exposure, determining the air pollution sources, data analysis approaches, and study designs. OUTLOOK Finally, the authors provide suggestions for future environmental epidemiological inquiries on the impact of exposure to ambient air pollution on ovarian malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moshfeghinia
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- MPH Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsan Ramezani
- Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohebat Vali
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahide Oskoei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Amiri-Ardekani
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Association of Indigenous Knowledge, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Phytopharmaceutical (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Philip Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
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Intabli H, Gee JM, Oesterreich S, Yeoman MS, Allen MC, Qattan A, Flint MS. Glucocorticoid induced loss of oestrogen receptor alpha gene methylation and restoration of sensitivity to fulvestrant in triple negative breast cancer. Gene 2023; 851:147022. [PMID: 36347335 PMCID: PMC11188041 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The response to psychological stress can differ depending on the type and duration of the stressor. Acute stress can facilitate a "fight or flight response" and aid survival, whereas chronic long-term stress with the persistent release of stress hormones such as cortisol has been shown to be detrimental to health. We are now beginning to understand how this stress hormone response impacts important processes such as DNA repair and cell proliferation processes in breast cancer. However, it is not known what epigenetic changes stress hormones induce in breast cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms include modification of DNA and histones within chromatin that may be involved in governing the transcriptional processes in cancer cells in response to changes by endogenous stress hormones. The contribution of endogenous acute or long-term exposure of glucocorticoid stress hormones, and exogenous glucocorticoids to methylation patterns in breast cancer tissues with different aetiologies remains to be evaluated. In vitro and in vivo models were developed to investigate the epigenetic modifications and their contribution to breast cancer progression and aetiology. A panel of triple negative breast cancer cell lines were treated with the glucocorticoid, cortisol which resulted in epigenetic alteration characterised by loss of methylation on promoter regions of tumour suppressor genes including ESR1, and loss of methylation on LINE-1 repetitive element used as a surrogate marker for global methylation. This was verified in vivo in MDA-MB-231 xenografts; the model verified the loss of methylation on ESR1 promoter, and subsequent increase in ESR1 expression in primary tumours in mice subjected to restraint stress. Our study highlights that DNA methylation landscape in breast cancer can be altered in response to stress and glucocorticoid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Intabli
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Julia M Gee
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute and Women's Cancer Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark S Yeoman
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Marcus C Allen
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Amal Qattan
- Translational Cancer Research Section, Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Melanie S Flint
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
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Saleh AB, Hassan NH, Ismail MA, El-Sayed WM. New fluorobenzamidine exerts antitumor activity against breast cancer in mice via pro-apoptotic activity. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:88. [PMID: 36107265 PMCID: PMC9478011 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidities. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bithiophene-fluorobenzamidine (BFB) against breast cancer induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in female Swiss mice and reveal the underlining mechanisms. METHODS The mice were randomly divided into five groups; control, BFB-treated group, DMBA-treated group, and the last two groups received DMBA then tamoxifen or BFB. RESULTS BFB reduced the tumor incidence by ~ 88% versus 30% after TAM. DMBA significantly increased the expression of CDK1 and HER2 and reduced the expression of p53, p21 (CDKN1A), ESR-α, and CAS3. BFB caused significant down-regulation of CDK1 and HER2 and upregulation of p53, p21, ESR-α, and CAS3. In the DMBA-treated mice, cancerous cells metastasized to several organs. This was prevented by the administration of BFB. The antimetastatic and proapoptotic activities were confirmed in MCF7 cells in vitro by the wound healing and annexin V assays, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the BFB increased survival. In the DMBA group, tumors showed invasive carcinoma of grade III with central necrosis, polymorphism, mitotic activity, and numerous newly formed ductules, and colloidal mucinous secretions within adenoid cysts. BFB administration restored the normal structure of the mammary glands. CONCLUSION Taken together, BFB has antitumor, pro-apoptotic, and anti-metastatic activities against breast cancer in mice and therefore, it merits further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdelRahman B Saleh
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Nagwa H Hassan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Wael M El-Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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4
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Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for the improved sensitization of tamoxifen. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Gao Y, Chen L, Han Y, Wu F, Yang WS, Zhang Z, Huo T, Zhu Y, Yu C, Kim H, Lee M, Tang Z, Phillips K, He B, Jung SY, Song Y, Zhu B, Xu RM, Feng Q. Acetylation of histone H3K27 signals the transcriptional elongation for estrogen receptor alpha. Commun Biol 2020; 3:165. [PMID: 32265480 PMCID: PMC7138820 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As approximately 70% of human breast tumors are estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive, estrogen and ERα play essential roles in breast cancer development. By interrupting the ERα signaling pathway, endocrine therapy has been proven to be an effective therapeutic strategy. In this study, we identified a mechanism by which Transcription Start Site (TSS)-associated histone H3K27 acetylation signals the Super Elongation Complex (SEC) to regulate transcriptional elongation of the ESR1 (ERα) gene. SEC interacts with H3K27ac on ESR1 TSS through its scaffold protein AFF4. Depletion of AFF4 by siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 dramatically reduces expression of ESR1 and its target genes, consequently inhibiting breast cancer cell growth. More importantly, a AFF4 mutant which lacks H3K27ac interaction failed to rescue ESR1 gene expression, suggesting H3K27 acetylation at TSS region is a key mark bridging the transition from transcriptional initiation to elongation, and perturbing SEC function can be an alternative strategy for targeting ERα signaling pathway at chromatin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Gao
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lijia Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Han
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Fangrui Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wen-Si Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tong Huo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yingmin Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chengtai Yu
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Hong Kim
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Mark Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhen Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Phillips
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bin He
- Immunology & Transplant Science Center, Department of Surgery and Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yongcheng Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Rui-Ming Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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Biswal NC, Fu X, Jagtap JM, Shea MJ, Kumar V, Lords T, Roy R, Schiff R, Joshi A. In vivo longitudinal imaging of RNA interference-induced endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900180. [PMID: 31595691 PMCID: PMC9229172 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer is a major obstacle in the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of longitudinal, noninvasive and semiquantitative in vivo molecular imaging of resistance to three endocrine therapies by using an inducible fluorescence-labeled short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system in orthotopic mice xenograft tumors. We employed a dual fluorescent doxycycline (Dox)-regulated lentiviral inducer system to transfect ER+ MCF7L breast cancer cells, with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression as a marker of transfection and red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression as a surrogate marker of Dox-induced tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) knockdown. Xenografted MCF7L tumor-bearing nude mice were randomized to therapies comprising estrogen deprivation, tamoxifen or an ER degrader (fulvestrant) and an estrogen-treated control group. Longitudinal imaging was performed by a home-built multispectral imaging system based on a cooled image intensified charge coupled device camera. The GFP signal, which corresponds to number of viable tumor cells, exhibited excellent correlation to caliper-measured tumor size (P << .05). RFP expression was substantially higher in mice exhibiting therapy resistance and strongly and significantly (P < 1e-7) correlated with the tumor size progression for the mice with shRNA-induced PTEN knockdown. PTEN loss was strongly correlated with resistance to estrogen deprivation, tamoxifen and fulvestrant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nrusingh C. Biswal
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence Nrusingh C. Biswal, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 850. W Baltimore St, MD 21201, USA,
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaidip M. Jagtap
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Martin J. Shea
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vijetha Kumar
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tamika Lords
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ronita Roy
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amit Joshi
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Guo Z, Tada H, Kitamura N, Hamada Y, Miyashita M, Harada-Shoji N, Sato A, Hamanaka Y, Tsuboi K, Harada N, Takano-Kasuya M, Okada H, Nakano Y, Ohuchi N, Hayashi SI, Ishida T, Gonda K. Automated Quantification of Extranuclear ERα using Phosphor-integrated Dots for Predicting Endocrine Therapy Resistance in HR +/HER2 - Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040526. [PMID: 31013810 PMCID: PMC6520781 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to genomic signaling, Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is associated with cell proliferation and survival through extranuclear signaling contributing to endocrine therapy (ET) resistance. However, the relationship between extranuclear ERα and ET resistance has not been extensively studied. We sought to measure extranuclear ERα expression by immunohistochemistry using phosphor-integrated dots (IHC-PIDs) and to assess its predictive value for ET resistance. After quantitative detection of ERα by IHC-PIDs in vitro, we developed “the nearest-neighbor method” to calculate the extranuclear ERα. Furthermore, tissue sections from 65 patients with HR+/HER2- BC were examined by IHC-PIDs, and the total ERα, nuclear ERα, extranuclear ERα PIDs score, and ratio of extranuclear-to-nuclear ERα (ENR) were measured using the novel method. We demonstrate that quantification of ERα using IHC-PIDs exhibited strong correlations to real-time qRT-PCR (r2 = 0.94) and flow cytometry (r2 = 0.98). High ERα ENR was significantly associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.048) and disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis revealed that the ERα ENR was an independent prognostic factor for DFS [hazard ratio, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.4–11.8; p = 0.006]. Our automated measurement has high accuracy to localize and assess extranuclear ERα. A high ERα ENR in HR+/HER2− BC indicates decreased likelihood of benefiting from ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorong Guo
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Narufumi Kitamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yoh Hamada
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Narumi Harada-Shoji
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Akiko Sato
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yohei Hamanaka
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Kouki Tsuboi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Dynamics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Nobuhisa Harada
- Bio Systems Development Group, Bio Advanced Technology Division, Corporate R&D Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., Hino, Tokyo 191-8511, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Takano-Kasuya
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Hisatake Okada
- Bio Systems Development Group, Bio Advanced Technology Division, Corporate R&D Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., Hino, Tokyo 191-8511, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Nakano
- Bio Systems Development Group, Bio Advanced Technology Division, Corporate R&D Headquarters, KONICA MINOLTA, INC., Hino, Tokyo 191-8511, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Ohuchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Hayashi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Dynamics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Kohsuke Gonda
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
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8
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Chen Y, Zhang Y. Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 System to Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700964. [PMID: 29938175 PMCID: PMC6010891 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates that drug resistance is a great obstacle in breast cancer therapy. It renders the disease uncontrollable and causes high mortality. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the development of drug resistance, but the underlying cause is usually a shift in the genetic composition of tumor cells. It is increasingly feasible to engineer the genome with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated (Cas)9 technology recently developed, which might be advantageous in overcoming drug resistance. This article discusses how the CRISPR/Cas9 system might revert resistance gene mutations and identify potential resistance targets in drug-resistant breast cancer. In addition, the challenges that impede the clinical applicability of this technology and highlight the CRISPR/Cas9 systems are presented. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is poised to play an important role in preventing drug resistance in breast cancer therapy and will become an essential tool for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinnan Chen
- School of Molecular SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of PharmacyHealth Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi Province710061P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and EngineeringXi'an710061P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & CommenceXianyang712046P. R. China
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9
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Wang Q, Jiang J, Ying G, Xie XQ, Zhang X, Xu W, Zhang X, Song E, Bu H, Ping YF, Yao XH, Wang B, Xu S, Yan ZX, Tai Y, Hu B, Qi X, Wang YX, He ZC, Wang Y, Wang JM, Cui YH, Chen F, Meng K, Wang Z, Bian XW. Tamoxifen enhances stemness and promotes metastasis of ERα36 + breast cancer by upregulating ALDH1A1 in cancer cells. Cell Res 2018; 28:336-358. [PMID: 29393296 PMCID: PMC5835774 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2018.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 66 kDa estrogen receptor alpha (ERα66) is the main molecular target for endocrine therapy such as tamoxifen treatment. However, many patients develop resistance with unclear mechanisms. In a large cohort study of breast cancer patients who underwent surgery followed by tamoxifen treatment, we demonstrate that ERα36, a variant of ERα66, correlates with poor prognosis. Mechanistically, tamoxifen directly binds and activates ERα36 to enhance the stemness and metastasis of breast cancer cells via transcriptional stimulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1). Consistently, the tamoxifen-induced stemness and metastasis can be attenuated by either ALDH1 inhibitors or a specific ERα36 antibody. Thus, tamoxifen acts as an agonist on ERα36 in breast cancer cells, which accounts for hormone therapy resistance and metastasis of breast cancer. Our study not only reveals ERα36 as a stratifying marker for endocrine therapy but also provides a promising therapeutic avenue for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Breast Diseases, Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xie
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, China National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hong Bu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi-Fang Ping
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shilei Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Yan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yanhong Tai
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Pathology, No.307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Baoquan Hu
- Department of Breast Diseases, Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Breast Diseases, Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng He
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - You-Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenogen Pharma Group, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Kun Meng
- Shenogen Pharma Group, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Creighton University Medical School, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
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10
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Mohammed Shafeeulla R, Krishnamurthy G, Bhojynaik H, Shivarudrappa H, Shiralgi Y. Spectral thermal cytotoxic and molecular docking studies of N′-2-hydroxybenzoyl; pyridine-4-carbohydrazide its complexes. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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11
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Leonardi A, Cofini M, Rigante D, Lucchetti L, Cipolla C, Penta L, Esposito S. The Effect of Bisphenol A on Puberty: A Critical Review of the Medical Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14091044. [PMID: 28891963 PMCID: PMC5615581 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14091044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many scientific studies have revealed a trend towards an earlier onset of puberty and have disclosed an increasing number of children that display precocious puberty. As an explanation, some authors have considered the global socio-economic improvement across different populations, and other authors have considered the action of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Among these, bisphenol A (BPA), an aromatic compound largely used worldwide as a precursor of some plastics and chemical additives, is well known for its molecular oestrogen-like and obesogenic actions. We reviewed the medical literature of the previous 20 years that examined associations between BPA exposure and the age of puberty in humans, considering only those referring to clinical or epidemiological data. Of 19 studies, only 7 showed a correlation between BPA and puberty. In particular, the possible disruptive role of BPA on puberty may be seen in those with central precocious puberty or isolated premature breast development aged 2 months to 4 years old, even if the mechanism is undefined. Some studies also found a close relationship between urinary BPA, body weight, and early puberty, which can be explained by the obesogenic effect of BPA itself. The currently available data do not allow establishment of a clear role for BPA in pubertal development because of the conflicting results among all clinical and epidemiological studies examined. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential role of exposure to EDCs and their adverse endocrine health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Leonardi
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marta Cofini
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Donato Rigante
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Lucchetti
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Clelia Cipolla
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Penta
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
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12
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Radhi S. Molecular Changes During Breast Cancer and Mechanisms of Endocrine Therapy Resistance. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 144:539-562. [PMID: 27865467 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in 75% of breast cancers. ERs and their estrogen ligands play a key role in the development and progression of breast cancer. ERs have a genomic activity involving direct modulation of expression of genes vital to cell growth and survival by their classic nuclear receptors. The nongenomic activity is mediated by membrane receptor tyrosine kinases that activate signaling pathways resulting in activation of ER pathway modulators. Endocrine therapies inhibit the growth promoting activity of estrogen. ERs-positive breast cancers can exhibit de novo or acquired endocrine resistance. The mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance are complex include deregulation of ER pathway, growth factor receptor signaling, cell cycle machinery, and tumor microenvironment. In this chapter, we will review the literature on the biology of ERs, the postulated mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance, and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Radhi
- Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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13
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Tran G, Helm M, Litton J. Current Approach to Breast Cancer Risk Reduction for Women with Hereditary Predispositions to Breast Cancer. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-016-0220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Fu SW, Kirolikar SP, Ginsburg E, Tan X, Schwartz A, Simmens SJ, Man YG, Pinzone JJ, Teal C, Awate S, Vonderhaar BK, Berg PE. Beta protein 1 homeoprotein induces cell growth and estrogen-independent tumorigenesis by binding to the estrogen receptor in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:53204-53216. [PMID: 27449292 PMCID: PMC5288179 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of Beta Protein 1 (BP1), a homeotic transcription factor, increases during breast cancer progression and may be associated with tumor aggressiveness. In our present work, we investigate the influence of BP1 on breast tumor formation and size in vitro and in vivo. Cells overexpressing BP1 showed higher viability when grown in the absence of serum (p < 0.05), greater invasive potential (p < 0.05) and formed larger colonies (p < 0.004) compared with the controls. To determine the influence of BP1 overexpression on tumor characteristics, MCF-7 cells transfected with either empty vector (V1) or overexpressor plasmids (O2 and O4) were injected into the fat pads of athymic nude mice. Tumors grew larger in mice receiving O2 or O4 cells than in mice receiving V1 cells. Moreover, BP1 mRNA expression levels were positively correlated with tumor size in patients (p = 0.01). Interestingly, 20% of mice injected with O2 or O4 cells developed tumors in the absence of estrogen, while no mice receiving V1 cells developed tumors. Several mechanisms of estrogen independent tumor formation related to BP1 were established. These data are consistent with the fact that expression of breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1 (BCAR1) was increased in O2 compared to V1 cells (p < 0.01). Importantly, O2 cells exhibited increased proliferation when treated with tamoxifen, while V1 cells showed growth inhibition. Overall, BP1 overexpresssion in MCF-7 breast cancer cells leads to increased cell growth, estrogen-independent tumor formation, and increased proliferation. These findings suggest that BP1 may be an important biomarker and therapeutic target in ER positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney W Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Saurabh P Kirolikar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Erika Ginsburg
- Mammary Biology and Tumorigenesis Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Arnold Schwartz
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Samuel J Simmens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- Department of Gynecologic and Breast Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306, USA
| | - Joseph J Pinzone
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christine Teal
- Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Sanket Awate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Barbara K Vonderhaar
- Mammary Biology and Tumorigenesis Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia E Berg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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15
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Malorni L, Giuliano M, Migliaccio I, Wang T, Creighton CJ, Lupien M, Fu X, Hilsenbeck SG, Healy N, De Angelis C, Mazumdar A, Trivedi MV, Massarweh S, Gutierrez C, De Placido S, Jeselsohn R, Brown M, Brown PH, Osborne CK, Schiff R. Blockade of AP-1 Potentiates Endocrine Therapy and Overcomes Resistance. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:470-81. [PMID: 26965145 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The transcription factor AP-1 is downstream of growth factor (GF) receptors (GFRs) and stress-related kinases, both of which are implicated in breast cancer endocrine resistance. Previously, we have suggested that acquired endocrine resistance is associated with increased activity of AP-1 in an in vivo model. In this report, we provide direct evidence for the role of AP-1 in endocrine resistance. First, significant overlap was found between genes modulated in tamoxifen resistance and a gene signature associated with GF-induced estrogen receptor (ER) cistrome. Interestingly, these overlapping genes were enriched for key signaling components of GFRs and stress-related kinases and had AP-1 motifs in their promoters/enhancers. Second, to determine a more definitive role of AP-1 in endocrine resistance, AP-1 was inhibited using an inducible dominant-negative (DN) cJun expressed in MCF7 breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo AP-1 blockade enhanced the antiproliferative effect of endocrine treatments in vitro, accelerated xenograft tumor response to tamoxifen and estrogen deprivation in vivo, promoted complete regression of tumors, and delayed the onset of tamoxifen resistance. Induction of DN-cJun after the development of tamoxifen resistance resulted in dramatic tumor shrinkage, accompanied by reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis. These data suggest that AP-1 is a key determinant of endocrine resistance by mediating a global shift in the ER transcriptional program. IMPLICATIONS AP-1 represents a viable therapeutic target to overcome endocrine resistance. Mol Cancer Res; 14(5); 470-81. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Malorni
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit and Translational Research Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy.
| | - Mario Giuliano
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilenia Migliaccio
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit and Translational Research Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - Tao Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center-University Health Network, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research and the Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nuala Healy
- Department of Radiology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Meghana V Trivedi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Clinical Sciences and Administration, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas
| | - Suleiman Massarweh
- Department of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Carolina Gutierrez
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Division, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rinath Jeselsohn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - C Kent Osborne
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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16
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Ma H, Gollahon LS. ERα Mediates Estrogen-Induced Expression of the Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor Gene BRMS1. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17020158. [PMID: 26821020 PMCID: PMC4783892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, estrogen has been reported as putatively inhibiting cancer cell invasion and motility. This information is in direct contrast to the paradigm of estrogen as a tumor promoter. However, data suggests that the effects of estrogen are modulated by the receptor isoform with which it interacts. In order to gain a clearer understanding of the role of estrogen in potentially suppressing breast cancer metastasis, we investigated the regulation of estrogen and its receptor on the downstream target gene, breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) in MCF-7, SKBR3, TTU-1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Our results showed that estrogen increased the transcription and expression of BRMS1 in the ERα positive breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Additionally, the ERα specific agonist PPT also induced the transcription and expression of BRMS1. However, the two remaining estrogen receptor (ER) subtype agonists had no effect on BRMS1 expression. In order to further examine the influence of ERα on BRMS1 expression, ERα expression was knocked down using siRNA (siERα). Western blot analysis showed that siERα reduced estrogen-induced and PPT-induced BRMS1 expression. In summary, this study demonstrates estrogen, via its α receptor, positively regulates the expression of BRMS1, providing new insight into a potential inhibitory effect of estrogen on metastasis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Ma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main St. Suite 108, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Lauren S Gollahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main St. Suite 108, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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17
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Lidfeldt J, Bendahl PO, Forsare C, Malmström P, Fernö M, Belting M. Protease Activated Receptors 1 and 2 Correlate Differently with Breast Cancer Aggressiveness Depending on Tumor ER Status. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134932. [PMID: 26244666 PMCID: PMC4526525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental models implicate protease activated receptors (PARs) as important sensors of the proteolytic tumor microenvironment during breast cancer development. However, the role of the major PARs, PAR-1 and PAR-2, in human breast tumors remains to be elucidated. Here, we have investigated how PAR-1 and PAR-2 protein expression correlate with established clinicopathological variables and patient outcome in a well-characterized cohort of 221 breast cancer patients. Univariable and multivariable hazard ratios (HR) were estimated by the Cox proportional hazards model, distant disease-free survival (DDFS) and overall survival by the Kaplan–Meier method, and survival in different strata was determined by the log-rank test. Associations between PARs and clinicopathological variables were analyzed using Pearson’s χ2-test. We find that PAR-2 associates with DDFS (HR = 3.1, P = 0.003), whereas no such association was found with PAR-1 (HR = 1.2, P = 0.6). Interestingly, the effect of PAR-2 was confined to the ER-positive sub-group (HR = 5.5, P = 0.003 vs. HR = 1.2 in ER-negative; P = 0.045 for differential effect), and PAR-2 was an independent prognostic factor specifically in ER-positive tumors (HR = 3.9, P = 0.045). On the contrary, PAR-1 correlated with worse prognosis specifically in the ER-negative group (HR = 2.6, P = 0.069 vs. HR = 0.5, P = 0.19 in ER-positive; P = 0.026 for differential effect). This study provides novel insight into the respective roles of PAR-1 and PAR-2 in human breast cancer and suggests a hitherto unknown association between PARs and ER signaling that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Lidfeldt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pär-Ola Bendahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carina Forsare
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Malmström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fernö
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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18
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Gee JMW, Nicholson RI, Barrow D, Dutkowski CM, Goddard L, Jordan NJ, McClelland RA, Knowlden JM, Francies HE, Hiscox SE, Hutcheson IR. Antihormone induced compensatory signalling in breast cancer: an adverse event in the development of endocrine resistance. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 5:67-77. [PMID: 25961242 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2011.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Using MCF7 breast cancer cells, it has been shown that antihormones promote expression/activity of oestrogen-repressed tyrosine kinases, notably EGFR, HER2 and Src. These inductive events confer responsiveness to targeted inhibitors (e.g., gefitinib, trastuzumab, saracatinib). We observed that these antihormone-induced phenomena are common to ER+HER2- and ER+HER2+ breast cancer models in vitro, where targeting of EGFR, HER2 or Src alongside antihormone improves antitumour response and delays/prevents endocrine resistance. Such targeted inhibitors also subvert acquired endocrine resistant cells which retain increased EGFR, HER2 and Src (e.g., TAMR and FASR models derived after 6-12 months of tamoxifen or Faslodex treatment). Thus, antihormone-induced tyrosine kinases comprise "compensatory signalling" crucial in limiting maximal initial antihormone response and subsequently driving acquired resistance in vitro. However, despite such convincing preclinical findings from our group and others, clinical trials examining equivalent antigrowth factor strategies have proved relatively disappointing. Our new studies deciphering underlying causes reveal that further antihormone-promoted events could be pivotal in vivo. Firstly, Faslodex induces HER3 and HER4 which sensitise ER+ cells to heregulin, a paracrine growth factor that overcomes endocrine response and diminishes antitumour effect of agents targeting EGFR, HER2 or Src alongside antihormone. Secondly, extended antihormone exposure (experienced by ER+ cells prior to adjuvant clinical relapse) can "reprogramme" the compensatory kinase profile in vitro, hindering candidate antigrowth factor targeting of endocrine resistance. Faslodex resistant cells maintained with this antihormone for 3 years in vitro lose EGFR/HER2 dependency, gaining alternative mitogenic/invasion kinases. Deciphering these previously unrecognised antihormone-induced events could provide superior treatments to control endocrine relapse in the clinic.
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19
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Murray JI, West NR, Murphy LC, Watson PH. Intratumoural inflammation and endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:R51-67. [PMID: 25404688 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming clear that inflammation-associated mechanisms can affect progression of breast cancer and modulate responses to treatment. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα (ESR1)) is the principal biomarker and therapeutic target for endocrine therapies in breast cancer. Over 70% of patients are ESR1-positive at diagnosis and are candidates for endocrine therapy. However, ESR1-positive tumours can become resistant to endocrine therapy. Multiple mechanisms of endocrine resistance have been proposed, including suppression of ESR1. This review discusses the relationship between intratumoural inflammation and endocrine resistance with a particular focus on inflammation-mediated suppression of ESR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill I Murray
- Deeley Research CentreBritish Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5Translational Gastroenterology UnitNuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKDepartment of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and the Manitoba Institute of Cell BiologyUniversity of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaDepartment of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, CanadaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathan R West
- Deeley Research CentreBritish Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5Translational Gastroenterology UnitNuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKDepartment of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and the Manitoba Institute of Cell BiologyUniversity of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaDepartment of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, CanadaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leigh C Murphy
- Deeley Research CentreBritish Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5Translational Gastroenterology UnitNuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKDepartment of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and the Manitoba Institute of Cell BiologyUniversity of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaDepartment of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, CanadaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter H Watson
- Deeley Research CentreBritish Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5Translational Gastroenterology UnitNuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKDepartment of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and the Manitoba Institute of Cell BiologyUniversity of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaDepartment of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, CanadaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Deeley Research CentreBritish Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5Translational Gastroenterology UnitNuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKDepartment of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and the Manitoba Institute of Cell BiologyUniversity of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaDepartment of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, CanadaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Deeley Research CentreBritish Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8R 6V5Translational Gastroenterology UnitNuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKDepartment of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and the Manitoba Institute of Cell BiologyUniversity of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaDepartment of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, CanadaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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20
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Perepelytsina O, Gergeliuk T, Sydorenko M. Effects of T-lymphocytes and interferon-γ on different stages of development of multicellular tumor spheroids in vitro. CYTOL GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452714050065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Estrogen receptor β isoform 5 confers sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines to chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptosis through interaction with Bcl2L12. Neoplasia 2014; 15:1262-71. [PMID: 24339738 DOI: 10.1593/neo.131184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) yields five isoforms, but their functions remain elusive. ERβ isoform 5 (ERβ5) has been positively correlated with better prognosis and longer survival of patients with breast cancer (BCa) in various clinical studies. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory role of ERβ5 in BCa cells. Although ERβ5 does not reduce proliferation of BCa cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, its ectopic expression significantly decreases their survival by sensitizing them to doxorubicin- or cisplatin-induced apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Moreover, we discovered Bcl2L12, which belongs to the Bcl-2 family regulating apoptosis, to be a specific interacting partner of ERβ5, but not ERβ1 or ERα, in an estradiol-independent manner. Knockdown of Bcl2L12 enhanced doxorubicin- or cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and this process was further promoted by ectopic expression of ERβ5. Whereas Bcl2L12 was previously shown to inhibit apoptosis through binding to caspase 7, such interaction is reduced in the presence of ERβ5, suggesting a mechanism by which ERβ5 sensitizes cells to apoptosis. In conclusion, ERβ5 interacts with Bcl2L12 and functions in a novel estrogen-independent molecular pathway that promotes chemotherapeutic Agent-Induced in vitro apoptosis of BCa cell lines.
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Madeira KP, Daltoé RD, Sirtoli GM, Carvalho AA, Rangel LBA, Silva IV. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERS1) SNPs c454-397T>C (PvuII) and c454-351A>G (XbaI) are risk biomarkers for breast cancer development. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5459-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Survivin family proteins as novel molecular determinants of doxorubicin resistance in organotypic human breast tumors. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R55. [PMID: 24886669 PMCID: PMC4076638 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The molecular determinants of breast cancer resistance to first-line anthracycline-containing chemotherapy are unknown. Methods We examined the response to doxorubicin of organotypic cultures of primary human breast tumors ex vivo with respect to cell proliferation, DNA damage and modulation of apoptosis. Samples were analyzed for genome-wide modulation of cell death pathways, differential activation of p53, and the role of survivin family molecules in drug resistance. Rational drug combination regimens were explored by high-throughput screening, and validated in model breast cancer cell types. Results Doxorubicin treatment segregated organotypic human breast tumors into distinct Responder or Non Responder groups, characterized by differential proliferative index, stabilization of p53, and induction of apoptosis. Conversely, tumor histotype, hormone receptor or human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status did not influence chemotherapy sensitivity. Global analysis of cell death pathways identified survivin and its alternatively spliced form, survivin-ΔEx3 as uniquely overexpressed in Non Responder breast tumors. Forced expression of survivin-ΔEx3 preserved cell viability and prevented doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cell types. High-throughput pharmacologic targeting of survivin family proteins with a small-molecule survivin suppressant currently in the clinic (YM155) selectively potentiated the effect of doxorubicin, but not other chemotherapeutics in breast cancer cell types, and induced tumor cell apoptosis. Conclusions Survivin family proteins are novel effectors of doxorubicin resistance in chemotherapy-naive breast cancer. The incorporation of survivin antagonist(s) in anthracycline-containing regimens may have improved clinical activity in these patients.
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He Z, Feng GS. Control of body weight versus tumorigenesis by concerted action of leptin and estrogen. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2013; 14:339-45. [PMID: 24142297 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-013-9277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Improper body weight control is most critical to the development of morbid obesity, which is often associated with alternation in leptin (Ob) signaling in the central nervous system. Leptin acts to control fat mass through the regulation of both food intake and energy expenditure. In addition to the primary action in metabolic signaling, leptin has also been found to play a role in reproduction and even in breast tumorigenesis in obese patients. Interestingly, estrogen, a sex hormone, has also been recognized as another crucial factor for energy balance and breast tumorigenesis in obese subjects. Obesity in postmenopausal women has been associated with higher risk of breast cancer. There are substantial data in the literature on the connection of estrogen and leptin pathways in development of obesity and breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk of leptin and estrogen signaling pathways in body weight control and breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China,
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Lanara Z, Giannopoulou E, Fullen M, Kostantinopoulos E, Nebel JC, Kalofonos HP, Patrinos GP, Pavlidis C. Comparative study and meta-analysis of meta-analysis studies for the correlation of genomic markers with early cancer detection. Hum Genomics 2013; 7:14. [PMID: 23738773 PMCID: PMC3686617 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-7-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of common disorders, including cancer, have complex genetic traits, with multiple genetic and environmental components contributing to susceptibility. A literature search revealed that even among several meta-analyses, there were ambiguous results and conclusions. In the current study, we conducted a thorough meta-analysis gathering the published meta-analysis studies previously reported to correlate any random effect or predictive value of genome variations in certain genes for various types of cancer. The overall analysis was initially aimed to result in associations (1) among genes which when mutated lead to different types of cancer (e.g. common metabolic pathways) and (2) between groups of genes and types of cancer. We have meta-analysed 150 meta-analysis articles which included 4,474 studies, 2,452,510 cases and 3,091,626 controls (5,544,136 individuals in total) including various racial groups and other population groups (native Americans, Latinos, Aborigines, etc.). Our results were not only consistent with previously published literature but also depicted novel correlations of genes with new cancer types. Our analysis revealed a total of 17 gene-disease pairs that are affected and generated gene/disease clusters, many of which proved to be independent of the criteria used, which suggests that these clusters are biologically meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Lanara
- Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34128, Italy
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Zhang X, Diaz MR, Yee D. Fulvestrant regulates epidermal growth factor (EGF) family ligands to activate EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:351-60. [PMID: 23686416 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ER) targeted therapies are routinely used to treat breast cancer. However, patient responses are limited by resistance to endocrine therapy. Breast cancer cells resistant to the pure steroidal ER antagonist fulvestrant (fulv) demonstrate increased activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members and downstream ERK signaling. In this study, we investigated the effects of fulv on EGFR signaling and ligand regulation in several breast cancer cell lines. EGFR/HER2/HER3 phosphorylation and ERK1,2 activation were seen after 24-48 h after fulvestrant treatment in ER-positive breast cancer cell lines. 4-Hydroxy-tamoxifen and estradiol did not cause EGFR activation. Fulvestrant did not affect EGFR expression. Cycloheximide abolished the ability of fulv to activate EGFR suggesting the autocrine production of EGFR ligands might be responsible for fulvestrant induced EGFR signaling. qRT-PCR results showed fulv differentially regulated EGFR ligands; HB-EGF mRNA was increased, while amphiregulin and epiregulin mRNAs were decreased. Fulvestrant induced EGFR activation and upregulation of EGFR ligands were ER dependent since fulv treatment in C4-12, an ER-negative cell line derivative of MCF-7 cells, did not result in EGFR activation or change in ligand mRNA levels. ER downregulation by siRNA induced similar EGFR activation and regulation of EGFR ligands as fulvestrant. Neutralizing HB-EGF antibody blocked fulv-induced EGFR activation. Combination of fulv and EGFR family tyrosine kinase inhibitors (erlotinib and lapatinib) significantly decreased EGFR signaling and cell survival. In conclusion, fulvestrant-activated EGFR family members accompanied by ER dependent upregulation of HB-EGF within 48 h. EGF receptor or ligand inhibition might enhance or prolong the therapeutic effects of targeting ER by fulvestrant in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Kim K, Madak-Erdogan Z, Ventrella R, Katzenellenbogen BS. A MicroRNA196a2* and TP63 circuit regulated by estrogen receptor-α and ERK2 that controls breast cancer proliferation and invasiveness properties. Discov Oncol 2012; 4:78-91. [PMID: 23250869 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-012-0129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is present in about 70 % of human breast cancers and, working in conjunction with extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), this nuclear hormone receptor regulates the expression of many protein-encoding genes. Given the crucial roles of miRNAs in cancer biology, we investigated the regulation of miRNAs by estradiol (E2) through ERα and ERK2, and their impact on target gene expression and phenotypic properties of breast cancer cells. We identified miRNA-encoding genes harboring overlapping ERα and ERK chromatin binding sites in ERα-positive MCF-7 cells and showed ERα and ERK2 to bind to these sites and to be required for transcriptional induction of these miRNAs by E2. Hsa-miR-196a2*, the most highly estrogen up-regulated miRNA, markedly down-regulated tumor protein p63 (TP63), a member of the p53 family. In ERα-positive and ERα-negative breast cancer cells, proliferative and invasiveness properties were suppressed by hsa-miR-196a2* expression and enhanced by hsa-miR-196a2* antagonism or TP63 target protector oligonucleotides. Hsa-miR-196a2* and TP63 were inversely correlated in breast cancer cell lines and in a large cohort of human breast tumors, implying clinical relevance. The findings reveal a tumor suppressive role of hsa-miR-196a2* through regulation of TP63 by ERα and/or ERK2 signaling. Manipulating the hsa-miR-196a2*-TP63 axis might provide a potential tumor-suppressive strategy to alleviate the aggressive behavior and poor prognosis of some ERα-positive as well as many ERα-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuri Kim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois and College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Paquette M, Tremblay S, Bénard F, Lecomte R. Quantitative hormone therapy follow-up in an ER+/ERαKD mouse tumor model using FDG and [11C]-methionine PET imaging. EJNMMI Res 2012; 2:61. [PMID: 23140372 PMCID: PMC3508933 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-2-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The estrogen receptor α (ERα) is known to play an important role in the modulation of tumor response to hormone therapy. In this work, the effect of different hormone therapies on tumors having different ERα expression levels was followed up in vivo in a mouse model by PET imaging using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) and [11C]-methionine ([11C]-MET). A new model of MC7-L1 ERα-knockdown (ERαKD) tumor cell lines was designed as a negative estrogen receptor control to follow up the effects of changes in ERα expression on the early metabolic tumor response to different hormone therapies. Methods MC7-L1 (ER+) and MC7-L1 ERα-knockdown cell lines were implanted subcutaneously in Balb/c mice and allowed to grow up to 4 mm in diameter. Animals were separated into 4 groups (n = 4 or 5) and treated with a pure antiestrogen (fulvestrant), an aromatase inhibitor (letrozole), a selective estrogen receptor modulator (tamoxifen), or not treated (control). Tumor metabolic activity was assessed by PET imaging with FDG and [11C]-MET at days 0 (before treatment), 7, and 14 after the treatment. Tumor uptake of each radiotracer in %ID/g was measured for each tumor at each time point and compared to tumor growth. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to verify the expression of breast cancer-related genes (ERα, ErbB2, progesterone receptor (PR), and BRCA1) in each tumor cell lines. Results While both ER+ and ERαKD tumors had similar uptake of both radiotracers without treatment, higher uptake values were generally seen in ERαKD tumors after 7 and 14 days of treatment, indicating that ERαKD tumors behave in a similar fashion as hormone-unresponsive tumors. Furthermore, the ERα-specific downregulation induced a slight PR expression decrease and overexpression of BRCA1 and ErbB2. Conclusion The results indicate that the proposed ER+/ERαKD tumor-bearing mouse model is suitable to test pure antiestrogen and aromatase inhibitor therapies in vivo in a preclinical setting and could help to elucidate the impact of ERα levels on tumor response to hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Paquette
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine & Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue N,, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Salah Z, Uziely B, Jaber M, Maoz M, Cohen I, Hamburger T, Maly B, Peretz T, Bar-Shavit R. Regulation of human protease-activated receptor 1 (hPar1) gene expression in breast cancer by estrogen. FASEB J 2012; 26:2031-42. [PMID: 22291441 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-194704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A pivotal role is attributed to the estrogen-receptor (ER) pathway in mediating the effect of estrogen in breast cancer progression. Yet the precise mechanisms of cancer development by estrogen remain poorly understood. Advancing tumor categorization a step forward, and identifying cellular gene fingerprints to accompany histopathological assessment may provide targets for therapy as well as vehicles for evaluating the response to treatment. We report here that in breast carcinoma, estrogen may induce tumor development by eliciting protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR(1)) gene expression. Induction of PAR(1) was shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, luciferase reporter gene driven by the hPar(1) promoter, and chromatin-immunoprecipitation analyses. Functional estrogen regulation of hPar1 in breast cancer was demonstrated by an endothelial tube-forming network. Notably, tissue-microarray analyses from an established cohort of women diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma exhibited a significantly shorter disease-free (P=0.006) and overall (P=0.02) survival of patients that were positive for ER and PAR(1), compared to ER-positive but PAR(1)-negative patients. We propose that estrogen transcriptionally regulates hPar(1), culminating in an aggressive gene imprint in breast cancer. While ER(+) patients are traditionally treated with hormone therapy, the presence of PAR(1) identifies a group of patients that requires additional treatment, such as anti-PAR(1) biological vehicles or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaidoun Salah
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Band AM, Laiho M. SnoN oncoprotein enhances estrogen receptor-α transcriptional activity. Cell Signal 2011; 24:922-30. [PMID: 22227247 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways are essential regulators during mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. Ski-related novel gene (SnoN) is an oncoprotein and a negative feedback inhibitor of TGF-β signaling. We have previously reported that low expression of SnoN in ERα positive breast carcinomas is associated with favorable prognosis (Zhang et al. Cancer Res. (2003) 63, 5005-5010). Here we have studied the mechanism of a possible cross-talk between ERα and SnoN. We find that SnoN interacts with the estrogen-activated form of ERα in the nucleus. SnoN contains two highly conserved nuclear receptor binding LxxLL-like motifs and we show that mutations in these motifs reduce the interaction of SnoN with ERα. Over-expression of SnoN enhanced the transcriptional activity of ERα in estrogen response element (ERE)-reporter assays, augmented the expression of several ERα target genes and increased the proliferation of MCF7 breast carcinoma cells in an estrogen-dependent manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that SnoN interacts with ERα at the TTF1 (pS2) gene promoter. Conversely, silencing of SnoN reduced both ERE-reporter activity and the expression of ERα target genes in MCF7 and T-47D breast cancer cells. Histone deacetylase inhibition increased the level of SnoN and SnoN-dependent enhancement of ERα-dependent transcription and SnoN supported the recruitment of p300 histone acetylase to ERα. This study reveals a novel mechanism that interconnects ERα and TGF-β signaling pathways by SnoN. Accordingly, the results indicate that high SnoN level promotes ERα signaling and possibly breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja M Band
- Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Oviedo PJ, Sobrino A, Laguna-Fernandez A, Novella S, Tarín JJ, García-Pérez MA, Sanchís J, Cano A, Hermenegildo C. Estradiol induces endothelial cell migration and proliferation through estrogen receptor-enhanced RhoA/ROCK pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 335:96-103. [PMID: 20615453 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Migration and proliferation of endothelial cells are involved in re-endothelialization and angiogenesis, two important cardiovascular processes that are increased in response to estrogens. RhoA, a small GTPase which controls multiple cellular processes, is involved in the control of cell migration and proliferation. Our aim was to study the role of RhoA on estradiol-induced migration and proliferation and its dependence on estrogen receptors activity. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were stimulated with estradiol, in the presence or absence of ICI 182780 (estrogen receptors antagonist) and Y-27632 (Rho kinase inhibitor). Estradiol increased Rho GEF-1 gene expression and RhoA (gene and protein expression and activity) in an estrogen receptor-dependent manner. Cell migration, stress fiber formation and cell proliferation were increased in response to estradiol and were also dependent on the estrogen receptors and RhoA activation. Estradiol decreased p27 levels, and significantly raised the expression of cyclins and CDK. These effects were counteracted by the use of either ICI 182780 or Y-27632. In conclusion, estradiol enhances the RhoA/ROCK pathway and increases cell cycle-related protein expression by acting through estrogen receptors. This results in an enhanced migration and proliferation of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar J Oviedo
- Research Foundation, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
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Duarte DC, Nicolau A, Teixeira JA, Rodrigues LR. The effect of bovine milk lactoferrin on human breast cancer cell lines. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:66-76. [PMID: 21183018 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The evidence that biologically active food components are key environmental factors affecting the incidence of many chronic diseases is overwhelming. However, the full extent of such components in our diet is unknown, as is our understanding of their mechanisms of action. Beyond the interaction of these food components with the gut and intestinal immune functions, whey proteins such as lactoferrin are being tested as anticancer agents. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein that has been reported to inhibit several types of cancer. In the present work, the effects of bovine milk lactoferrin on human breast cancer HS578T and T47D cells were studied. The cells were either untreated or treated with lactoferrin concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 125 μM. Lactoferrin decreased the cell viability of HS578T and T47D by 47 and 54%, respectively, and increased apoptosis about 2-fold for both cell lines. Proliferation rates decreased by 40.3 and 63.9% for HS578T and T47D, respectively. For the T47D line, cell migration decreased in the presence of the protein. Although the mechanisms of action are not fully known, the results gathered in this work suggest that lactoferrin interferes with some of the most important steps involved in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Duarte
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Nardone A, Corvigno S, Brescia A, D'Andrea D, Limite G, Veneziani BM. Long-term cultures of stem/progenitor cells from lobular and ductal breast carcinomas under non-adherent conditions. Cytotechnology 2010; 63:67-80. [PMID: 21188518 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-010-9328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A small subpopulation of stem/progenitor cells can give rise to the diversity of differentiated cells that comprise the bulk of the tumor. Are proliferating cells, within the bulk of tumor, few cells with uncommon features? The cell biological approach provides a limitless model for studying the hierarchical organization of progenitor subpopulation and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Aim of the study was to expand patients' breast cancer cells for evaluating functional cell properties, and to characterize the protein expression profile of selected cells to be compared with that of primary tumors. Breast cancer cells from estrogen receptor (ERα) positive, HER2 negative lobular (LoBS cells) and ductal (DuBS cells) histotype were cultured under non-adherent conditions to form mammospheres. Sorting of the cells by their surface expression of CD24 and CD44 gave rise to subpopulations which were propagated, enriched and characterized for the expression of epithelial and stromal markers. We found that non-adherent culture conditions generate mammospheres of slowly proliferating cells; single cells, dissociated from mammospheres, grow in soft agar; long-term cultured LoBS and DuBS cells, CD44+/CD24low, express cytokeratin 5 (CK5), α-smooth muscle actin (α-sma) and vimentin, known as markers of basal/myoepithelial cells; and ERα (only DuBS cells), HER1 (EGF-Receptor), activated HER2, and cyclinD1 as markers of luminal epithelial cell. Isolates of cells from breast cancer patients may be a tool for a marker-driven testing of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Nardone
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare "L. Califano", Università di Napoli Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Konduri SD, Medisetty R, Liu W, Kaipparettu BA, Srivastava P, Brauch H, Fritz P, Swetzig WM, Gardner AE, Khan SA, Das GM. Mechanisms of estrogen receptor antagonism toward p53 and its implications in breast cancer therapeutic response and stem cell regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:15081-6. [PMID: 20696891 PMCID: PMC2930589 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1009575107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) plays an important role in the onset and progression of breast cancer, whereas p53 functions as a major tumor suppressor. We previously reported that ERalpha binds to p53, resulting in inhibition of transcriptional regulation by p53. Here, we report on the molecular mechanisms by which ERalpha suppresses p53's transactivation function. Sequential ChIP assays demonstrated that ERalpha represses p53-mediated transcriptional activation in human breast cancer cells by recruiting nuclear receptor corepressors (NCoR and SMRT) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). RNAi-mediated down-regulation of NCoR resulted in increased endogenous expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitor p21(Waf1/Cip1) (CDKN1A) gene, a prototypic transcriptional target of p53. While 17beta-estradiol (E2) enhanced ERalpha binding to p53 and inhibited p21 transcription, antiestrogens decreased ERalpha recruitment and induced transcription. The effects of estrogen and antiestrogens on p21 transcription were diametrically opposite to their known effects on the conventional ERE-containing ERalpha target gene, pS2/TFF1. These results suggest that ERalpha uses dual strategies to promote abnormal cellular proliferation: enhancing the transcription of ERE-containing proproliferative genes and repressing the transcription of p53-responsive antiproliferative genes. Importantly, ERalpha binds to p53 and inhibits transcriptional activation by p53 in stem/progenitor cell-containing murine mammospheres, suggesting a potential role for the ER-p53 interaction in mammary tissue homeostasis and cancer formation. Furthermore, retrospective studies analyzing response to tamoxifen therapy in a subset of patients with ER-positive breast cancer expressing either wild-type or mutant p53 suggest that the presence of wild-type p53 is an important determinant of positive therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhi D. Konduri
- aDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Rajesh Medisetty
- aDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Wensheng Liu
- aDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Benny Abraham Kaipparettu
- bDr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, D 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- cUniversity Tuebingen, D 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Pratima Srivastava
- aDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- bDr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, D 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- cUniversity Tuebingen, D 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Fritz
- bDr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, D 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- cUniversity Tuebingen, D 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Wendy M. Swetzig
- aDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Amanda E. Gardner
- dDepartment of Cancer and Cell Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Sohaib A. Khan
- dDepartment of Cancer and Cell Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Gokul M. Das
- aDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
- 6To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Cavaliere C, Corvigno S, Galgani M, Limite G, Nardone A, Veneziani BM. Combined inhibitory effect of formestane and herceptin on a subpopulation of CD44+/CD24low breast cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1661-9. [PMID: 20491779 PMCID: PMC11159050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, stromal cells surrounding cancer epithelial cells can influence phenotype by producing paracrine factors. Among many mediators of epithelial-stromal interactions, aromatase activity is perhaps one of the best studied. Clinical data suggest that estrogen-independent signaling leads to increased proliferation even during therapy with aromatase inhibitors (AIs). Molecular mechanism of crosstalk between the estrogen receptor (ER) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family have been implicated in resistance to endocrine therapy, but this interaction is unclear. The ability of aromatase to induce estradiol biosynthesis provides a molecular rationale to combine agents that target aromatase activity and the HER pathway. We targeted stromal-epithelial interactions using formestane, which exerts antiaromatase activity, combined with the monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody herceptin, in a subpopulation of CD44+/CD24low cells sorted from epithelial-mesenchymal co-cultures of breast cancer tissues. The growth inhibition was respectively 16% (P < 0.01) in the response to herceptin, 25% to formestane (P < 0.01), and 50% (P < 0.001) with the combination of the two drugs, suggesting that herceptin cooperates with formestane-induced inhibition of aromatase and this effect could be mediated through HER family receptors. In cells which expressed ERalpha, formestane/herceptin combination suppressed the mRNA expression of aromatase and HER2 and decreased cyclin D1 expression. These results show that combination therapies involving AIs and anti-HER2 can be efficacious for the treatment of cancer in experimental models and suggest that subtyping breast tumors gives useful information about response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cavaliere
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathology L. Califano, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Nielsen KV, Ejlertsen B, Müller S, Møller S, Rasmussen BB, Balslev E, Lænkholm AV, Christiansen P, Mouridsen HT. Amplification of ESR1 may predict resistance to adjuvant tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 127:345-55. [PMID: 20556506 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) is the target of tamoxifen, but endocrine therapies do not benefit all patients with ER positive tumors. We therefore hypothesized that copy number changes in the ESR1 gene, encoding ER, confer resistance. Within a consecutive series of ER positive, postmenopausal patients allocated to 5 years tamoxifen, we identified 61 patients with recurrence less than 4 years and 48 patients without recurrence at least 7 years after initiation of adjuvant tamoxifen. Archival tissue containing primary tumor was collected from 97 patients (89%). Tumor samples were analyzed for ESR1 copy number changes using FISH with a probe covering the ESR1 gene at 6q25 and a reference probe covering the centromere of chromosome 6. The assay was validated in a material of 120 normal breast samples. FISH analysis for ESR1 was successful in 91 patients (94%). Amplification (ratio ESR1/CEN-6 ≥ 2.0) was observed in 11 of 50 (22%) patients with early recurrence, compared to two of 41 (5%) patients without recurrence. The difference is statistically significant (P = 0.033). In both groups, two patients with ESR1 deletion (ratio ESR1/CEN-6 < 0.8) were identified. ESR1 amplification was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival (P = 0.0054) and overall survival (P = 0.0004). This pilot study supports our hypothesis that ESR1 amplification is associated with a poorer outcome following adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen in ER positive early breast cancer. This study also revealed the existence of ESR1 deletions. The prognostic and predictive impact of ESR1 copy number changes needs further exploration in clinical trials.
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Liu H, Qiu J, Li N, Chen T, Cao X. Human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 promotes transactivation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in human cancer cells by inhibiting proteasome-dependent ERalpha degradation via association with Src. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:21934-42. [PMID: 20460377 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.109876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (hPEBP4) as a human-derived novel member of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein family, which is involved in apoptosis resistance of tumor cells. Because of its preferential expression in estrogen-related cancers, we wondered whether hPEBP4 plays a role in estrogen-induced cancer cell growth. Here, we demonstrated that hPEBP4 inhibited the 17beta-estradiol (E(2))-induced, proteasome-dependent estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) degradation to increase the protein level of ERalpha. Silencing of hPEBP4 inhibited the recruitment of ERalpha to the promoter of the ERalpha target gene pS2 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells after E(2) treatment. E(2)-induced, ERalpha-mediated transcription via the estrogen-response element, as well as the cellular proliferation, was significantly suppressed in hPEBP4-silenced MCF-7 cells. We found that Src, whose association with ERalpha facilitates the ERalpha binding to components of proteolytic machinery, could associate with hPEBP4 and that overexpression of hPEBP4 prevented the E(2)-induced interaction between ERalpha and Src. ERalpha overexpression, proteasome inhibitor, or Src inhibitor could reverse the suppression of ERalpha-mediated transactivation by hPEBP4 silencing. The inhibition of the proteasome degradation and the promotion of transactivation of ERalpha by hPEBP4 via the Src pathway were further confirmed in HeLa cells. Finally, we found that the promoting effects of hPEBP4 on ERalpha-mediated transactivation and estrogen-induced proliferation of cancer cells did not depend on its regulation of Akt and ERK activity. Our data suggest that hPEBP4 inhibits proteasome-dependent ERalpha degradation through the Src pathway, thus enhancing ERalpha-mediated transactivation and promoting the proliferation of cancer cells in response to estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Williams AB, Weiser PT, Hanson RN, Gunther JR, Katzenellenbogen JA. Synthesis of biphenyl proteomimetics as estrogen receptor-alpha coactivator binding inhibitors. Org Lett 2009; 11:5370-3. [PMID: 19902964 PMCID: PMC3263526 DOI: 10.1021/ol901999f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of biphenyl proteomimetic compounds were designed as estrogen receptor-alpha (ER(alpha)) coactivator binding inhibitors. Synthesis was accomplished through a convergent approach, employing Suzuki coupling chemistry to ligate the individual modular units. Initial biological results support the ability of these compounds to compete for the ER(alpha) coactivator binding groove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Patrick T. Weiser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Robert N. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jillian R. Gunther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - John A. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Tisman G. Inhibition of HER2/estrogen Receptor Cross-Talk, Probable Relation to Prolonged Remission of Stage IV Breast Cancer: A Case Report. TUMORI JOURNAL 2009; 95:804-7. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160909500625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer to the liver is considered incurable. Though many patients with liver metastases may enjoy response to chemo-, immuno- and hormonal therapy, those so inflicted rarely remain disease-free from the time of diagnosis for longer than 6-11 months. New laboratory and clinical research identified that cross-talk between activation of the epidermal growth factor family of tyrosine kinase transduction pathways (EGF/HER2) and estrogen receptor (ER) activation plays a role in resistance to hormonal therapy. A 59-year-old woman with a 4.5-cm invasive ductal, ER-positive/PR-negative, grade III adenocarcinoma of the breast was treated with mastectomy. Staging revealed biopsy-proven liver metastases. Surgery was immediately followed with vinorelbine, trastuzumab, tamoxifen and exemestane. The patient underwent a bone scan and PET/CT documented complete remission. She has remained in complete remission for 7 years. It is proposed that a possible mechanism for prolonged remission of stage IV breast cancer in this patient may be related to suppression of EGF/HER2 by trastuzumab, thus inhibiting cross-talk-associated tamoxifen/estrogen withdrawal resistance.
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García MA, Peña D, Alvarez L, Cocca C, Pontillo C, Bergoc R, de Pisarev DK, Randi A. Hexachlorobenzene induces cell proliferation and IGF-I signaling pathway in an estrogen receptor alpha-dependent manner in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Toxicol Lett 2009; 192:195-205. [PMID: 19879930 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an organochlorine pesticide widely distributed in the biosphere. ERalpha regulates the expression of genes involved in growth and development, and plays an important role in breast cancer. The present study focuses attention on the effect of HCB (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5 microM) on cell proliferation in estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)(+) MCF-7, and ERalpha(-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. We also studied the insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling pathway in MCF-7 cells. HCB (0.005 and 0.05 microM) stimulated cell proliferation in MCF-7, but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. The pesticide increased apoptosis in MCF-7, at HCB (0.5 and 5 microM). At these doses, HCB induced the expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-regulated gene cytochrome P4501A1. MCF-7 cells exposed to HCB (0.005 and 0.05 microM) overexpressed IGF-IR and insulin receptor (IR). IRS-1-phosphotyrosine content was increased in a dose dependent manner. ICI 182,780 prevented HCB-induced cell proliferation and IGF-I signaling in MCF-7 cells incubated in phenol-red free media. In addition, HCB (0.005 microM) increased c-Src activation, Tyr537-ERalpha phosphorylation and ERalpha down-regulation. Taken together, our data indicate that HCB stimulation of cell proliferation and IGF-I signaling is ERalpha dependent in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra García
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Johnston S, Pippen J, Pivot X, Lichinitser M, Sadeghi S, Dieras V, Gomez HL, Romieu G, Manikhas A, Kennedy MJ, Press MF, Maltzman J, Florance A, O'Rourke L, Oliva C, Stein S, Pegram M. Lapatinib combined with letrozole versus letrozole and placebo as first-line therapy for postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:5538-46. [PMID: 19786658 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.23.3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 745] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cross-talk between human epidermal growth factor receptors and hormone receptor pathways may cause endocrine resistance in breast cancer. This trial evaluated the effect of adding lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor blocking epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), to the aromatase inhibitor letrozole as first-line treatment of hormone receptor (HR) -positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Postmenopausal women with HR-positive MBC were randomly assigned to daily letrozole (2.5 mg orally) plus lapatinib (1,500 mg orally) or letrozole and placebo. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) in the HER2-positive population. Results In HR-positive, HER2-positive patients (n = 219), addition of lapatinib to letrozole significantly reduced the risk of disease progression versus letrozole-placebo (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.96; P = .019); median PFS was 8.2 v 3.0 months, respectively. Clinical benefit (responsive or stable disease >or= 6 months) was significantly greater for lapatinib-letrozole versus letrozole-placebo (48% v 29%, respectively; odds ratio [OR] = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.8; P = .003). Patients with centrally confirmed HR-positive, HER2-negative tumors (n = 952) had no improvement in PFS. A preplanned Cox regression analysis identified prior antiestrogen therapy as a significant factor in the HER2-negative population; a nonsignificant trend toward prolonged PFS for lapatinib-letrozole was seen in patients who experienced relapse less than 6 months since prior tamoxifen discontinuation (HR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.57 to 1.07; P = .117). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were more common in the lapatinib-letrozole arm versus letrozole-placebo arm (diarrhea, 10% v 1%; rash, 1% v 0%, respectively), but they were manageable. CONCLUSION This trial demonstrated that a combined targeted strategy with letrozole and lapatinib significantly enhances PFS and clinical benefit rates in patients with MBC that coexpresses HR and HER2.
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Iverson AA, Gillett C, Cane P, Santini CD, Vess TM, Kam-Morgan L, Wang A, Eisenberg M, Rowland CM, Hessling JJ, Broder SE, Sninsky JJ, Tutt A, Anderson S, Chang SYP. A single-tube quantitative assay for mRNA levels of hormonal and growth factor receptors in breast cancer specimens. J Mol Diagn 2009; 11:117-30. [PMID: 19225135 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2009.080070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status has been critical in the evolution of modern targeted therapy of breast cancer and remains essential for making informed therapeutic decisions. Recently, growth factor receptor HER2/neu (ERBB2) status has made it possible to provide another form of targeted therapy linked to the overexpression of this protein. Presently, pathologists determine the receptor status in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections using subjective, semiquantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays and quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization for HER2. We developed a single-tube multiplex TaqMan (mERPR+HER2) assay to quantitate mRNA levels of ER, PR, HER2, and two housekeeping genes for breast cancer formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Using data from the discovery sample sets, we evaluated IHC-status-dependent cutoff-point and IHC-status-independent clustering methods for the classification of receptor status and then validated these results with independent sample sets. Compared with IHC-status, the accuracies of the mERPR+HER2 assay with the cutoff-point classification method were 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97-1.00), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88-0.95), and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99) for ER, PR, and HER2, respectively, for the validation sets. Furthermore, the areas under the receiver operating-characteristic curves were 0.997 (95% CI: 0.994-1.000), 0.967 (95% CI: 0.949-0.985), and 0.968 (95% CI: 0.915-1.000) for ER, PR, and HER2, respectively. This multiplex assay provides a sensitive and reliable method to quantitate hormonal and growth factor receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuko A Iverson
- Breast Pathology Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Parent AA, Gunther JR, Katzenellenbogen JA. Blocking estrogen signaling after the hormone: pyrimidine-core inhibitors of estrogen receptor-coactivator binding. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6512-30. [PMID: 18785725 PMCID: PMC2680390 DOI: 10.1021/jm800698b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative approach to blocking estrogen action, we have developed small molecules that directly disrupt the key estrogen receptor (ER)/coactivator interaction necessary for gene activation. The more direct, protein-protein nature of this disruption might be effective even in hormone-refractory breast cancer. We have synthesized a pyrimidine-core library of moderate size, members of which act as alpha-helix mimics to block the ERalpha/coactivator interaction. Structure-activity relationships have been explored with various C-, N-, O-, and S-substituents on the pyrimidine core. Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer and cell-based reporter gene assays show that the most active members inhibit the ERalpha/steroid receptor coactivator interaction with K i's in the low micromolar range. Through these studies, we have obtained a refined pharmacophore model for activity in this pyrimidine series. Furthermore, the favorable activities of several of these compounds support the feasibility that this coactivator binding inhibition mechanism for blocking estrogen action might provide a potential alternative approach to endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Parent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jillian R. Gunther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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Paulmurugan R, Tamrazi A, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS, Gambhir SS. A human estrogen receptor (ER)alpha mutation with differential responsiveness to nonsteroidal ligands: novel approaches for studying mechanism of ER action. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:1552-64. [PMID: 18451095 DOI: 10.1210/me.2007-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens, acting through the estrogen receptors (ERs), play crucial roles in regulating the function of reproductive and other systems under physiological and pathological conditions. ER activity in regulating target genes is modulated by the binding of both steroidal and synthetic nonsteroidal ligands, with ligand binding inducing ERs to adopt various conformations that control their interactions with transcriptional coregulators. Previously, we developed an intramolecular folding sensor with a mutant form of ERalpha (ER(G521T)) that proved to be essentially unresponsive to the endogenous ligand 17beta-estradiol, yet responded very well to certain synthetic ligands. In this study, we have characterized this G521T-ER mutation in terms of the potency and efficacy of receptor response toward several steroidal and nonsteroidal ligands in two different ways: directly, by ligand effects on mutant ER conformation (by the split-luciferase complementation system), and indirectly, by ligand effects on mutant ER transactivation. Full-length G521T-ER shows no affinity for estradiol and does not activate an estrogen-responsive reporter gene. The synthetic pyrazole agonist ligand propyl-pyrazole-triol is approximately 100-fold more potent than estradiol in inducing intramolecular folding and reporter gene transactivation with the mutant ER, whereas both ligands have high potency on wild-type ER. This estradiol-unresponsive mutant ER can also specifically highlight the agonistic property of the selective ER modulator, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, by reporter gene transactivation, even in the presence of estradiol, and it can exert a dominant-negative effect on estrogen-stimulated wild-type ER. This system provides a model for ER-mutants that show differential ligand responsiveness to gene activation to gain insight into the phenomenon of hormone resistance observed in endocrine therapies of ER-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, James H Clark Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, USA.
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Folgiero V, Avetrani P, Bon G, Di Carlo SE, Fabi A, Nisticò C, Vici P, Melucci E, Buglioni S, Perracchio L, Sperduti I, Rosanò L, Sacchi A, Mottolese M, Falcioni R. Induction of ErbB-3 expression by alpha6beta4 integrin contributes to tamoxifen resistance in ERbeta1-negative breast carcinomas. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1592. [PMID: 18270579 PMCID: PMC2220038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tamoxifen is still the most widely used drug in hormone therapy for the treatment of breast cancer. Its benefits in adjuvant treatment are well documented in controlled and randomized clinical studies, which have demonstrated an increase in disease-free intervals of patients with positive hormonal receptors. However, the mechanisms involved in endocrine resistance are not clear. Laboratory and clinical data now indicate that bi-directional molecular cross-talk between nuclear or membrane ER and growth factor receptor pathways may be involved in endocrine resistance. We recently found a functional interaction between α6β4 integrin and ErbB-3 receptor to maintain the PI3K/Akt survival pathway of mammary tumour cells. We sought to improve understanding of this process in order to provide the involvement of both receptors insight into mechanism of Tamoxifen resistance. Methods and Findings Using human breast cancer cell lines displaying different levels of α6β4 and ErbB-3 receptors and a series of 232 breast cancer biopsies from patients submitted to adjuvant Tamoxifen monotherapy for five years, we evaluated the functional interaction between both receptors in relationship to Tamoxifen responsiveness. In mammary carcinoma cells, we evidenced that the α6β4 integrin strongly influence Akt phosphorylation through ErbB-3 protein regulation. Moreover, the ErbB-3 inactivation inhibits Akt phosphorylation, induces apoptosis and inhibits in vitro invasion favouring Tamoxifen responsiveness. The analysis of human tumors revealed a significant relationship between α6β4 and ErbB-3 in P-Akt-positive and ERβ1-negative breast cancers derived from patients with lower disease free survival. Conclusions We provided evidence that a strong relationship occurs between α6β4 and ErbB-3 positivity in ERβ1-negative breast cancers. We also found that the association between ErbB-3 and P-Akt positivity mainly occurs in ERβ1-negative breast cancer derived from patients with lower DFS indicating that both receptors are clinically relevant in predicting the response to Tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Folgiero
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Avetrani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bon
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Selene E. Di Carlo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fabi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nisticò
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Melucci
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Laura Rosanò
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Sacchi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rita Falcioni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- *E-mail:
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Roukos DH, Briasoulis E. Individualized preventive and therapeutic management of hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 4:578-90. [PMID: 17898808 DOI: 10.1038/ncponc0930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 05/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Life-saving, risk-reducing medical interventions are required for women with a BRCA1/2 mutation. Interventions comprise a four-stage approach that involves risk assessment, genetic counseling, gene-mutation analysis and medical intervention strategies. Genetic counseling should be offered at specialized familial breast-cancer clinics and gene-mutation analysis should be recommended on the basis of personal and family-history-based risk criteria. Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy appears to offer the optimal benefit-risk ratio compared with prophylactic bilateral mastectomy, chemoprevention, or intensified surveillance. Tamoxifen is an alternative approach only for BRCA2 mutation carriers. The comprehensive, clinical decision-making Ioannina algorithm provided here can facilitate the complex preventive strategic approach. Newly diagnosed BRCA1/2 carriers might benefit from extensive surgery and a specific pharmacological treatment, but data to support this strategy are limited. Microarray gene-expression studies show that breast tumors from BRCA1 carriers are predominantly of basal subtype (i.e. triple negative) and BRCA2 carriers are of luminal subtype (i.e. estrogen-receptor-positive). Although optimum management of women with familial susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer has not yet been prospectively validated, data indicate substantial benefits when an individualized evidence-based prevention strategy is provided by an experienced team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios H Roukos
- Department of Surgery, Ioannina University School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.
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Fatouros M, Baltoyiannis G, Roukos DH. The predominant role of surgery in the prevention and new trends in the surgical treatment of women with BRCA1/2 mutations. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 15:21-33. [PMID: 17940826 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-007-9612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in understanding molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying cancer promise an "individualized" management of the disease. Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 germ-line mutation are at very high risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Because high-quality data are lacking from randomized trials, prevention strategies and treatment of patients with BRCA-associated breast cancer are complex. METHODS The data for this review were obtained by searching PubMed and Medline for articles about optimizing prevention and treating women with familial susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer. RESULTS Prophylactic surgery is the rational approach for women who carry the BRCA mutation; chemoprevention and/or intensified surveillance represent alternative approaches. Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is superior to bilateral prophylactic mastectomy. However, reaching a definitive clinical decision is complex, and several variables should be considered for an individualized approach. Accumulating data support the concept of more extensive surgery for newly diagnosed breast cancer in women with a BRCA mutation but new unbaised studies are needed for an evidence-based approach . Such patients treated with breast conservation therapy for early-stage breast cancer are at higher risk of contralateral breast cancer than noncarriers. Primary bilateral mastectomy could also be considered and discussed with these patients. Breast tumors from BRCA1 mutation carriers are predominantly of basal subtype (i.e., triple negative), and BRCA2 mutation carriers are of luminal subtype (i.e., estrogen receptor positive). Decisions on adjuvant treatment are based on estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 status. CONCLUSIONS The complex management of healthy women and breast cancer patients with familial susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer requires an individualized prevention or treatment strategy by an experienced team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fatouros
- Department of Surgery, Ioannina University School of Medicine, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
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Fojo T, Coley HM. The Role of Efflux Pumps in Drug-Resistant Metastatic Breast Cancer: New Insights and Treatment Strategies. Clin Breast Cancer 2007; 7:749-56. [DOI: 10.3816/cbc.2007.n.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Touillaud MS, Thiébaut ACM, Fournier A, Niravong M, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F. Dietary lignan intake and postmenopausal breast cancer risk by estrogen and progesterone receptor status. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99:475-86. [PMID: 17374837 PMCID: PMC2292813 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djk096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies conducted in Asian populations have suggested that high consumption of soy-based foods that are rich in isoflavone phytoestrogens is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. However, the potential associations of other dietary phytoestrogens--i.e., the lignans or their bioactive metabolites, the enterolignans--with the risk of breast cancer are unclear. METHODS We prospectively examined associations between the risk of postmenopausal invasive breast cancer and dietary intakes of four plant lignans (pinoresinol, lariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, and matairesinol) and estimated exposure to two enterolignans (enterodiol and enterolactone), as measured with a self-administered diet history questionnaire, among 58,049 postmenopausal French women who were not taking soy isoflavone supplements. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Analyses were further stratified by the combined estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status of the tumors. Statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS During 383,425 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up, 7.7 years), 1469 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed. Compared with women in the lowest intake quartiles, those in the highest quartile of total lignan intake (>1395 microg/day) had a reduced risk of breast cancer (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.95, P(trend) = .02, 376 versus 411 cases per 100,000 person-years), as did those in the highest quartile of lariciresinol intake (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.95, P(trend) = .01). The inverse associations between phytoestrogen intakes and postmenopausal breast cancer risk were limited to ER- and PR-positive disease (e.g., RR for highest versus lowest quartiles of total plant lignan intake = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.88, P(trend) = .01, 174 versus 214 cases per 100,000 person-years, and RR for highest versus lowest quartiles of total enterolignan level = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.95, P(trend) = .01, 164 versus 204 cases per 100,000 person-years). CONCLUSIONS High dietary intakes of plant lignans and high exposure to enterolignans were associated with reduced risks of ER- and PR-positive postmenopausal breast cancer in a Western population that does not consume a diet rich in soy.
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