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Motonari T, Yoshino Y, Haruta M, Endo S, Sasaki S, Miyashita M, Tada H, Watanabe G, Kaneko T, Ishida T, Chiba N. Evaluating homologous recombination activity in tissues to predict the risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and olaparib sensitivity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7519. [PMID: 38589490 PMCID: PMC11001962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) repairs DNA damage including DNA double-stranded breaks and alterations in HR-related genes results in HR deficiency. Germline alteration of HR-related genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, causes hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). Cancer cells with HR deficiency are sensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and DNA-damaging agents. Thus, accurately evaluating HR activity is useful for diagnosing HBOC and predicting the therapeutic effects of anti-cancer agents. Previously, we developed an assay for site-specific HR activity (ASHRA) that can quantitatively evaluate HR activity and detect moderate HR deficiency. HR activity in cells measured by ASHRA correlates with sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor, olaparib. In this study, we applied ASHRA to lymphoblastoid cells and xenograft tumor tissues, which simulate peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor tissues, respectively, as clinically available samples. We showed that ASHRA could be used to detect HR deficiency in lymphoblastoid cells derived from a BRCA1 pathogenic variant carrier. Furthermore, ASHRA could quantitatively measure the HR activity in xenograft tumor tissues with HR activity that was gradually suppressed by inducible BRCA1 knockdown. The HR activity of xenograft tumor tissues quantitatively correlated with the effect of olaparib. Our data suggest that ASHRA could be a useful assay for diagnosing HBOC and predicting the efficacy of PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokiwa Motonari
- Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-1 Seiryomachi Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Moe Haruta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-1 Seiryomachi Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shino Endo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-1 Seiryomachi Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shota Sasaki
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Gou Watanabe
- Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8512, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kaneko
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Natsuko Chiba
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-1 Seiryomachi Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
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Nakagawa S, Miyashita M, Maeda I, Goda A, Tada H, Amari M, Kojima Y, Tsugawa K, Ohi Y, Sagara Y, Sato M, Ebata A, Harada-Shoji N, Suzuki T, Nakanishi M, Ohta T, Ishida T. Potential role of Fbxo22 in resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer with invasive lobular carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 204:453-463. [PMID: 38180699 PMCID: PMC10959795 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is distinct from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in terms of their hormonal microenvironments that may require different therapeutic strategies. We previously reported that selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) function requires F-box protein 22 (Fbxo22). Here, we investigated the role of Fbxo22 as a potential biomarker contributing to the resistance to endocrine therapy in ILC. METHODS A total of 302 breast cancer (BC) patients including 150 ILC were recruited in the study. Fbxo22 expression and clinical information were analyzed to elucidate whether Fbxo22 negativity could be a prognostic factor or there were any correlations among clinical variables and SERM efficacy. RESULTS Fbxo22 negativity was significantly higher in ILC compared with IDC (58.0% vs. 27.0%, P < 0.001) and higher in postmenopausal patients than premenopausal patients (64.1% vs. 48.2%, P = 0.041). In the ILC cohort, Fbxo22-negative patients had poorer overall survival (OS) than Fbxo22-positive patients, with 10-year OS rates of 77.4% vs. 93.6% (P = 0.055). All patients treated with SERMs, Fbxo22 negativity resulted in a poorer outcome, with 10-year OS rates of 81.3% vs. 92.3% (P = 0.032). In multivariate analysis regarding recurrence-free survival (RFS) in ILC patients, Fbxo22 status was independently predictive of survival as well as lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION Fbxo22 negativity significantly impacts on survival in BC patients with IDC and ILC, and the disadvantage was enhanced among ILC postmenopausal women or patients treated with SERMs. The findings suggest that different therapeutic strategies might be needed according to the different histopathological types when considering adjuvant endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Nakagawa
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Osaki Citizen Hospital, Osaki, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Maeda
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goda
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masakazu Amari
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tohoku Kosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kojima
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsugawa
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Ohi
- Department of Pathology, Hakuaikai Sagara Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Sagara
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Hakuaikai Sagara Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Miku Sato
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akiko Ebata
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Narumi Harada-Shoji
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohta
- Department of Translational Oncology, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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Wang Y, Harada‐Shoji N, Kitamura N, Yamazaki Y, Ebata A, Amari M, Watanabe M, Miyashita M, Tada H, Abe T, Suzuki T, Gonda K, Ishida T. Mitochondrial dynamics as a novel treatment strategy for triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6987. [PMID: 38334464 PMCID: PMC10854452 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), recognized as the most heterogeneous type of breast cancer (BC), exhibits a worse prognosis than other subtypes. Mitochondria dynamics play a vital role as mediators in tumorigenesis by adjusting to the cell microenvironments. However, the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and metabophenotype exhibits discrepancies and divergence across various research and BC models. Therefore, this study aims to explore the role of mitochondrial dynamics in TNBC drug resistance and tumorigenesis. METHODS The Wst-8 test was conducted to assess doxorubicin sensitivity in HCC38, MDA-MB-231 (TNBC), and MCF-7 (luminal). Confocal microscopy and FACS were used to quantify the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔφM), mitophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Agilent Seahorse XF Analyzer was utilized to measure metabolic characteristics. Dynamin-related protein-1 (DRP1), Parkin, and p62 immunohistochemistry staining were performed using samples from 107 primary patients with BC before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). RESULTS MDA-MB-231, a TNBC cell line with reduced sensitivity to doxorubicin, reduced ΔφM, and enhanced mitophagy to maintain ROS production through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-based metabolism. HCC38, a doxorubicin-sensitive cell line, exhibited no alterations in ΔφM or mitophagy. However, it demonstrated an increase in ROS production and glycolysis. Clinicopathological studies revealed that pretreatment (before NAC) expression of DRP1 was significant in TNBC, as was pretreatment expression of Parkin in the hormone receptor-negative group. Furthermore, low p62 levels seem to be a risk factor for recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that the interplay between mitophagy, linked to a worse clinical prognosis, and OXPHOS metabolism promoted chemotherapy resistance in TNBC. Mitochondrial fission is prevalent in TNBC. These findings suggest that targeting the unique mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics in TNBC may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechen Wang
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical OncologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Narumi Harada‐Shoji
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical OncologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Narufumi Kitamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Department of PathologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Akiko Ebata
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical OncologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Masakazu Amari
- Department of Breast SurgeryTohoku Kosai HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Department of PathologyTohoku Kosai HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical OncologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical OncologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Department of Medical ScienceTohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal RegulationTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of PathologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Kohsuke Gonda
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart (SRIS)Tohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical OncologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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Takada M, Imoto S, Ishida T, Ito Y, Iwata H, Masuda N, Mukai H, Saji S, Ikeda T, Haga H, Saeki T, Aogi K, Sugie T, Ueno T, Ohno S, Ishiguro H, Kanbayashi C, Miyamoto T, Hagiwara Y, Toi M. A risk-based subgroup analysis of the effect of adjuvant S-1 in estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 202:485-496. [PMID: 37676450 PMCID: PMC10564670 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Phase III POTENT trial demonstrated the efficacy of adding S-1 to adjuvant endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer. We investigated the efficacy of S-1 across different recurrence risk subgroups. METHODS This was a post-hoc exploratory analysis of the POTENT trial. Patients in the endocrine-therapy-only arm were divided into three groups based on composite risk values calculated from multiple prognostic factors. The effects of S-1 were estimated using the Cox model in each risk group. The treatment effects of S-1 in patients meeting the eligibility criteria of the monarchE trial were also estimated. RESULTS A total of 1,897 patients were divided into three groups: group 1 (≤ lower quartile of the composite values) (N = 677), group 2 (interquartile range) (N = 767), and group 3 (> upper quartile) (N = 453). The addition of S-1 to endocrine therapy resulted in 49% (HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33-0.78) and 29% (HR: 0.71, 95% CI 0.49-1.02) reductions in invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) events in groups 2 and 3, respectively. We could not identify any benefit from the addition of S-1 in group 1. The addition of S-1 showed an improvement in iDFS in patients with one to three positive nodes meeting the monarchE cohort 1 criteria (N = 290) (HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29-0.74). CONCLUSIONS The benefit of adding adjuvant S-1 was particularly marked in group 2. Further investigations are warranted to explore the optimal usage of adjuvant S-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Takada
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Imoto
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norikazu Masuda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Mukai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shigehira Saji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ikeda
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Saeki
- Breast Oncology Service, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Aogi
- Department of Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Sugie
- Breast Surgery, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ueno
- Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohno
- Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Breast Oncology Service, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Chizuko Kanbayashi
- Department of Breast Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Breast Oncology, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Ota, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hagiwara
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center, Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22, Honkomagome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan.
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Chen J, Takane Y, Yanagaki S, Mori N, Ichiji K, Kato K, Yanagaki M, Ebata A, Miyashita M, Ishida T, Homma N. Risk Analysis of Breast Cancer by Using Bilateral Mammographic Density Differences: A Case-Control Study. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2023; 261:139-150. [PMID: 37558417 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2023.j066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The identification of risk factors helps radiologists assess the risk of breast cancer. Quantitative factors such as age and mammographic density are established risk factors for breast cancer. Asymmetric breast findings are frequently encountered during diagnostic mammography. The asymmetric area may indicate a developing mass in the early stage, causing a difference in mammographic density between the left and right sides. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a quantitative parameter named bilateral mammographic density difference (BMDD) for the quantification of breast asymmetry and to verify BMDD as a risk factor for breast cancer. To quantitatively evaluate breast asymmetry, we developed a semi-automatic method to estimate mammographic densities and calculate BMDD as the absolute difference between the left and right mammographic densities. And then, a retrospective case-control study, covering the period from July 2006 to October 2014, was conducted to analyse breast cancer risk in association with BMDD. The study included 364 women diagnosed with breast cancer and 364 matched control patients. As a result, a significant difference in BMDD was found between cases and controls (P < 0.001) and the case-control study demonstrated that women with BMDD > 10% had a 2.4-fold higher risk of breast cancer (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-4.5) than women with BMDD ≤ 10%. In addition, we also demonstrated the positive association between BMDD and breast cancer risk among the subgroups with different ages and the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) mammographic density categories. This study demonstrated that BMDD could be a potential risk factor for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhang
- Department of Intelligent Biomedical Systems Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Smart-Aging Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University
- Department of General Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Sendai College
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Radiological Imaging and Informatics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yumi Takane
- Clinical Technology Department, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Satoru Yanagaki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Naoko Mori
- Department of Radiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kei Ichiji
- Department of Radiological Imaging and Informatics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Akiko Ebata
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Noriyasu Homma
- Department of Intelligent Biomedical Systems Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University
- Department of Radiological Imaging and Informatics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Abe K, Hayato Y, Hiraide K, Ieki K, Ikeda M, Kameda J, Kanemura Y, Kaneshima R, Kashiwagi Y, Kataoka Y, Miki S, Mine S, Miura M, Moriyama S, Nakano Y, Nakahata M, Nakayama S, Noguchi Y, Okamoto K, Sato K, Sekiya H, Shiba H, Shimizu K, Shiozawa M, Sonoda Y, Suzuki Y, Takeda A, Takemoto Y, Takenaka A, Tanaka H, Watanabe S, Yano T, Han S, Kajita T, Okumura K, Tashiro T, Tomiya T, Wang X, Xia J, Yoshida S, Megias GD, Fernandez P, Labarga L, Ospina N, Zaldivar B, Pointon BW, Kearns E, Raaf JL, Wan L, Wester T, Bian J, Griskevich NJ, Kropp WR, Locke S, Smy MB, Sobel HW, Takhistov V, Yankelevich A, Hill J, Park RG, Bodur B, Scholberg K, Walter CW, Bernard L, Coffani A, Drapier O, El Hedri S, Giampaolo A, Mueller TA, Santos AD, Paganini P, Quilain B, Ishizuka T, Nakamura T, Jang JS, Learned JG, Choi K, Cao S, Anthony LHV, Martin D, Scott M, Sztuc AA, Uchida Y, Berardi V, Catanesi MG, Radicioni E, Calabria NF, Machado LN, De Rosa G, Collazuol G, Iacob F, Lamoureux M, Mattiazzi M, Ludovici L, Gonin M, Pronost G, Fujisawa C, Maekawa Y, Nishimura Y, Friend M, Hasegawa T, Ishida T, Kobayashi T, Jakkapu M, Matsubara T, Nakadaira T, Nakamura K, Oyama Y, Sakashita K, Sekiguchi T, Tsukamoto T, Boschi T, Di Lodovico F, Gao J, Goldsack A, Katori T, Migenda J, Taani M, Zsoldos S, Kotsar Y, Ozaki H, Suzuki AT, Takeuchi Y, Bronner C, Feng J, Kikawa T, Mori M, Nakaya T, Wendell RA, Yasutome K, Jenkins SJ, McCauley N, Mehta P, Tsui KM, Fukuda Y, Itow Y, Menjo H, Ninomiya K, Lagoda J, Lakshmi SM, Mandal M, Mijakowski P, Prabhu YS, Zalipska J, Jia M, Jiang J, Jung CK, Wilking MJ, Yanagisawa C, Harada M, Ishino H, Ito S, Kitagawa H, Koshio Y, Nakanishi F, Sakai S, Barr G, Barrow D, Cook L, Samani S, Wark D, Nova F, Yang JY, Malek M, McElwee JM, Stone O, Thiesse MD, Thompson LF, Okazawa H, Kim SB, Seo JW, Yu I, Ichikawa AK, Nakamura KD, Tairafune S, Nishijima K, Iwamoto K, Nakagiri K, Nakajima Y, Taniuchi N, Yokoyama M, Martens K, de Perio P, Vagins MR, Kuze M, Izumiyama S, Inomoto M, Ishitsuka M, Ito H, Kinoshita T, Matsumoto R, Ommura Y, Shigeta N, Shinoki M, Suganuma T, Yamauchi K, Martin JF, Tanaka HA, Towstego T, Akutsu R, Gousy-Leblanc V, Hartz M, Konaka A, Prouse NW, Chen S, Xu BD, Zhang B, Posiadala-Zezula M, Hadley D, Nicholson M, O'Flaherty M, Richards B, Ali A, Jamieson B, Marti L, Minamino A, Pintaudi G, Sano S, Suzuki S, Wada K. Erratum: Search for Cosmic-Ray Boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter Using Recoil Protons at Super-Kamiokande [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 031802 (2023)]. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:159903. [PMID: 37897794 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.159903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.031802.
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Murofushi K, Kuribayashi S, Ohnishi K, Hayakawa S, Tsuchida K, Inoue Y, Ohkawa A, Ishida T, Machitori Y, Nakai K, Takizawa D. Multi-Institutional Fact-Finding Study: Association between Geriatric Assessment and Reduction in Intensity of Radiotherapy for Elderly Cancer Patients without Metastasis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S126-S127. [PMID: 37784325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Vulnerable patients receive a low-intensity, palliative treatment rather than the standard treatment. Defining vulnerability in terms of standard or reduced radiation intensity can result in appropriate radiotherapy for elderly cancer patients without excessive adverse events and poor outcomes. However, it is difficult to define vulnerability, because radiation oncologists hesitate to include vulnerable patients in clinical trials involving radical radiotherapy. We hypothesized that for elderly cancer patients without metastasis, vulnerability scores, obtained by geriatric assessment (GA), could help in predicting the reduction in radiation intensity determined by radiation oncologists based on their experience. MATERIALS/METHODS In this multicenter prospective study, we enrolled cancer patients (70 years or older) without metastasis. The reduction in radiation intensity was categorized into 3 groups as follows: i) standard schedule of radiotherapy, but conversion of irradiation fields, ii) standard irradiation fields, but converted schedule of radiotherapy, and iii) conversion of radiotherapy schedule and irradiation fields. Standard radiotherapy was defined as recommended doses and radiation fields according to the guidelines for the primary tumors analyzed. GA was performed by calculating geriatric 8 (G8) and vulnerable elders survey (VES-13) scores before radiotherapy and 3-5 and 8-16 weeks after completion of radiotherapy. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the correlation between vulnerability assessed by G8 and change in radiation intensity. RESULTS Between November 2020 and February 2022, 317 patients were included in this study at 13 centers in Japan. The median age was 77 (range, 70-90) years. The primary cancer sites were head and neck, esophagus, lungs, breasts, pancreas, bladder, uterus, and prostate in 63, 22, 62, 48, 6, 5, 26, and 85 patients, respectively. High-precision radiotherapy was performed for 199 patients (63%). Of the 31 patients (10%) whose radiation intensity was reduced, 14, 9, and 8 patients were provided i, ii, and iii category, respectively. Planned radiotherapy was completed for 312 patients (98%). G8 and VES-13 vulnerability scores were obtained for 201 and 61 patients, respectively, before radiotherapy. The mean G8 and VES-13 scores were 13.3 ± 2.4 and 1.8 ± 1.8, 12.9 ± 2.6 and 2.0 ± 2.0, and 13.4 ± 2.4 and 2.0 ± 1.9 before radiotherapy and 3-5 and 8-16 weeks after completion of radiotherapy, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that reduction in radiation intensity was significantly associated with vulnerability assessed using VES-13 (p < 0.001) but not G8 (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION An excellent completion rate was obtained for planned radiotherapy, and vulnerability assessed using VES-13, not G8, was associated with the reduction in intensity of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Murofushi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - K Ohnishi
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Hayakawa
- Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Y Inoue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - A Ohkawa
- Mito Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Ishida
- Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Ibaraki Cancer Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y Machitori
- Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutou Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Nakai
- Departement of Radiation Oncology and Proton Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - D Takizawa
- Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
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8
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Tsunokake S, Iwabuchi E, Miki Y, Kanai A, Onodera Y, Sasano H, Ishida T, Suzuki T. SGLT1 as an adverse prognostic factor in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 201:499-513. [PMID: 37439959 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 1 and 2 expression in carcinoma cells was recently examined, but their association with the clinicopathological factors of the patients and their biological effects on breast carcinoma cells have remained remain virtually unknown. Therefore, in this study, we explored the expression status of SGLT1 and SGLT2 in breast cancer patients and examined the effects of SGLT1 inhibitors on breast carcinoma cells in vitro. METHODS SGLT1 and SGLT2 were immunolocalized and we first correlated the findings with clinicopathological factors of the patients. We then administered mizagliflozin and KGA-2727, SGLT1 specific inhibitors to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cell lines, and their growth-inhibitory effects were examined. Protein arrays were then used to further explore their effects on the growth factors. RESULTS The SGLT1 high group had significantly worse clinical outcome including both overall survival and disease-free survival than low group. SGLT2 status was not significantly correlated with clinical outcome of the patients. Both mizagliflozin and KGA-2727 inhibited the growth of breast cancer cell lines. Of particular interest, mizagliflozin inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, even under very low glucose conditions. Mizagliflozin downregulated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION High SGLT1 expression turned out as an adverse clinical prognostic factor in breast cancer patient. This is the first study demonstrating that SGLT1 inhibitors suppressed breast carcinoma cell proliferation. These results indicated that SGLT1 inhibitors could be used as therapeutic agents for breast cancer patients with aggressive biological behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Tsunokake
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Erina Iwabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ayako Kanai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hachinohe City Hospital, Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Onodera
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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9
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Takido N, Saito R, Okada K, Kanai N, Shono Y, Mitsugashira H, Matsumura M, Sasaki K, Miyazawa K, Fujio A, Tokodai K, Murakami K, Sasano H, Unno M, Ishida T, Kamei T. Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma to Paraganglioma in a Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2023; 261:75-81. [PMID: 37468258 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2023.j058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is a rare phenomenon in which primary tumor cells metastasize to other tumors. Herein, we report an extremely rare case of tumor-to-tumor metastasis of medullary thyroid carcinoma to a paraganglioma in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B. Based on genetic examination, a 36-year-old woman was diagnosed with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B when she was 24 years old. She had a history of total thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma and bilateral adrenalectomy for pheochromocytomas, which were performed when she was 15 years and 29 years old, respectively. Follow-up computed tomography demonstrated a retroperitoneal tumor of 30 mm in diameter beside the left kidney and a liver tumor of 16 mm in diameter located in segment 6. The retroperitoneal and liver tumors were surgically resected and examined by a pathologist. Histological examination revealed the classic Zellballen pattern in the retroperitoneal tumor, rendering the diagnosis of a paraganglioma recurrence. Inside the tumor, a white nodule positive for carcinoembryonic antigen, weakly positive for calcitonin, and negative for tyrosine hydroxylase, was identified and diagnosed as a metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma with high malignant potential. The liver lesion was diagnosed as a metastasis of the medullary thyroid carcinoma. This is the first report of tumor-to-tumor metastasis of medullary thyroid carcinoma to paraganglioma in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B twenty years after total thyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruhito Takido
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryusuke Saito
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kaoru Okada
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Norifumi Kanai
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihiro Shono
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Kengo Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koji Miyazawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Atsushi Fujio
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuaki Tokodai
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Keigo Murakami
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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10
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Abe K, Akhlaq N, Akutsu R, Ali A, Alonso Monsalve S, Alt C, Andreopoulos C, Antonova M, Aoki S, Arihara T, Asada Y, Ashida Y, Atkin ET, Barbi M, Barker GJ, Barr G, Barrow D, Batkiewicz-Kwasniak M, Bench F, Berardi V, Berns L, Bhadra S, Blanchet A, Blondel A, Bolognesi S, Bonus T, Bordoni S, Boyd SB, Bravar A, Bronner C, Bron S, Bubak A, Buizza Avanzini M, Caballero JA, Calabria NF, Cao S, Carabadjac D, Carter AJ, Cartwright SL, Catanesi MG, Cervera A, Chakrani J, Cherdack D, Chong PS, Christodoulou G, Chvirova A, Cicerchia M, Coleman J, Collazuol G, Cook L, Cudd A, Dalmazzone C, Daret T, Davydov YI, De Roeck A, De Rosa G, Dealtry T, Delogu CC, Densham C, Dergacheva A, Di Lodovico F, Dolan S, Douqa D, Doyle TA, Drapier O, Dumarchez J, Dunne P, Dygnarowicz K, Eguchi A, Emery-Schrenk S, Erofeev G, Ershova A, Eurin G, Fedorova D, Fedotov S, Feltre M, Finch AJ, Fiorentini Aguirre GA, Fiorillo G, Fitton MD, Franco Patiño JM, Friend M, Fujii Y, Fukuda Y, Fusshoeller K, Giannessi L, Giganti C, Glagolev V, Gonin M, González Rosa J, Goodman EAG, Gorin A, Grassi M, Guigue M, Hadley DR, Haigh JT, Hamacher-Baumann P, Harris DA, Hartz M, Hasegawa T, Hassani S, Hastings NC, Hayato Y, Henaff D, Hiramoto A, Hogan M, Holeczek J, Holin A, Holvey T, Hong Van NT, Honjo T, Iacob F, Ichikawa AK, Ikeda M, Ishida T, Ishitsuka M, Israel HT, Iwamoto K, Izmaylov A, Izumi N, Jakkapu M, Jamieson B, Jenkins SJ, Jesús-Valls C, Jiang JJ, Jonsson P, Joshi S, Jung CK, Jurj PB, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth AC, Kajita T, Kakuno H, Kameda J, Kasetti SP, Kataoka Y, Katayama Y, Katori T, Kawaue M, Kearns E, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Kikawa T, Kikutani H, King S, Kiseeva V, Kisiel J, Kobata T, Kobayashi H, Kobayashi T, Koch L, Kodama S, Konaka A, Kormos LL, Koshio Y, Kostin A, Koto T, Kowalik K, Kudenko Y, Kudo Y, Kuribayashi S, Kurjata R, Kutter T, Kuze M, La Commara M, Labarga L, Lachner K, Lagoda J, Lakshmi SM, Lamers James M, Lamoureux M, Langella A, Laporte JF, Last D, Latham N, Laveder M, Lavitola L, Lawe M, Lee Y, Lin C, Lin SK, Litchfield RP, Liu SL, Li W, Longhin A, Long KR, Lopez Moreno A, Ludovici L, Lu X, Lux T, Machado LN, Magaletti L, Mahn K, Malek M, Mandal M, Manly S, Marino AD, Marti-Magro L, Martin DGR, Martini M, Martin JF, Maruyama T, Matsubara T, Matveev V, Mauger C, Mavrokoridis K, Mazzucato E, McCauley N, McElwee J, McFarland KS, McGrew C, McKean J, Mefodiev A, Megias GD, Mehta P, Mellet L, Metelko C, Mezzetto M, Miller E, Minamino A, Mineev O, Mine S, Miura M, Molina Bueno L, Moriyama S, Moriyama S, Morrison P, Mueller TA, Munford D, Munteanu L, Nagai K, Nagai Y, Nakadaira T, Nakagiri K, Nakahata M, Nakajima Y, Nakamura A, Nakamura H, Nakamura K, Nakamura KD, Nakano Y, Nakayama S, Nakaya T, Nakayoshi K, Naseby CER, Ngoc TV, Nguyen VQ, Niewczas K, Nishimori S, Nishimura Y, Nishizaki K, Nosek T, Nova F, Novella P, Nugent JC, O’Keeffe HM, O’Sullivan L, Odagawa T, Ogawa T, Okada R, Okinaga W, Okumura K, Okusawa T, Ospina N, Owen RA, Oyama Y, Palladino V, Paolone V, Pari M, Parlone J, Parsa S, Pasternak J, Pavin M, Payne D, Penn GC, Pershey D, Pickering L, Pidcott C, Pintaudi G, Pistillo C, Popov B, Porwit K, Posiadala-Zezula M, Prabhu YS, Pupilli F, Quilain B, Radermacher T, Radicioni E, Radics B, Ramírez MA, Ratoff PN, Reh M, Riccio C, Rondio E, Roth S, Roy N, Rubbia A, Ruggeri AC, Ruggles CA, Rychter A, Sakashita K, Sánchez F, Santucci G, Schloesser CM, Scholberg K, Scott M, Seiya Y, Sekiguchi T, Sekiya H, Sgalaberna D, Shaikhiev A, Shaker F, Shaykina A, Shiozawa M, Shorrock W, Shvartsman A, Skrobova N, Skwarczynski K, Smyczek D, Smy M, Sobczyk JT, Sobel H, Soler FJP, Sonoda Y, Speers AJ, Spina R, Suslov IA, Suvorov S, Suzuki A, Suzuki SY, Suzuki Y, Sztuc AA, Tada M, Tairafune S, Takayasu S, Takeda A, Takeuchi Y, Takifuji K, Tanaka HK, Tanihara Y, Tani M, Teklu A, Tereshchenko VV, Teshima N, Thamm N, Thompson LF, Toki W, Touramanis C, Towstego T, Tsui KM, Tsukamoto T, Tzanov M, Uchida Y, Vagins M, Vargas D, Varghese M, Vasseur G, Vilela C, Villa E, Vinning WGS, Virginet U, Vladisavljevic T, Wachala T, Walsh JG, Wang Y, Wan L, Wark D, Wascko MO, Weber A, Wendell R, Wilking MJ, Wilkinson C, Wilson JR, Wood K, Wret C, Xia J, Xu YH, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto T, Yanagisawa C, Yang G, Yano T, Yasutome K, Yershov N, Yevarouskaya U, Yokoyama M, Yoshimoto Y, Yoshimura N, Yu M, Zaki R, Zalewska A, Zalipska J, Zaremba K, Zarnecki G, Zhao X, Zhu T, Ziembicki M, Zimmerman ED, Zito M, Zsoldos S. Measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters from the T2K experiment using 3.6×1021 protons on target. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2023; 83:782. [PMID: 37680254 PMCID: PMC10480298 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using 19.7 ( 16.3 ) × 10 20 protons on target (POT) in (anti-)neutrino mode at the far detector (FD). Compared to the previous analysis, an additional 4.7 × 10 20 POT neutrino data was collected at the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented, including results on sin 2 θ 13 and the impact of priors on the δ CP measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of sin 2 θ 23 with a nearly maximally CP-violating phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on sin 2 θ 13 from reactors, sin 2 θ 23 = 0 . 561 - 0.032 + 0.021 using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and Δ m 32 2 = 2 . 494 - 0.058 + 0.041 × 10 - 3 eV 2 using constant Δ χ 2 intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to δ CP = - 1 . 97 - 0.70 + 0.97 using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and δ CP = 0 , π is excluded at more than 90% confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than 2 σ credible level using a flat prior in δ CP , and just below 2 σ using a flat prior in sin δ CP . When the external constraint on sin 2 θ 13 is removed, sin 2 θ 13 = 28 . 0 - 6.5 + 2.8 × 10 - 3 , in agreement with measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with previous T2K analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - N. Akhlaq
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - R. Akutsu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - A. Ali
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - S. Alonso Monsalve
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Alt
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Andreopoulos
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. Antonova
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Aoki
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - T. Arihara
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Asada
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y. Ashida
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E. T. Atkin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Barbi
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan Canada
| | - G. J. Barker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - G. Barr
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - D. Barrow
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - F. Bench
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - V. Berardi
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - L. Berns
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - S. Bhadra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Blanchet
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Blondel
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - S. Bolognesi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T. Bonus
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - S. Bordoni
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. B. Boyd
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - A. Bravar
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Bronner
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - S. Bron
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - A. Bubak
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - M. Buizza Avanzini
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - J. A. Caballero
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - N. F. Calabria
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S. Cao
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
| | - D. Carabadjac
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. J. Carter
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
| | - S. L. Cartwright
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M. G. Catanesi
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A. Cervera
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Chakrani
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - D. Cherdack
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - P. S. Chong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - G. Christodoulou
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A. Chvirova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Cicerchia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy
| | - J. Coleman
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G. Collazuol
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L. Cook
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Cudd
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - C. Dalmazzone
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - T. Daret
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yu. I. Davydov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - A. De Roeck
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G. De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - T. Dealtry
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - C. C. Delogu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - C. Densham
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Dergacheva
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - F. Di Lodovico
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - S. Dolan
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - D. Douqa
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T. A. Doyle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - O. Drapier
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - J. Dumarchez
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P. Dunne
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - K. Dygnarowicz
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Eguchi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Emery-Schrenk
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G. Erofeev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Ershova
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G. Eurin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Fedorova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. Fedotov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Feltre
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. J. Finch
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - G. Fiorillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - M. D. Fitton
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - J. M. Franco Patiño
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M. Friend
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - Y. Fujii
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - Y. Fukuda
- Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan
| | - K. Fusshoeller
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L. Giannessi
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Giganti
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - V. Glagolev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - M. Gonin
- ILANCE, CNRS-University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
| | - J. González Rosa
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - E. A. G. Goodman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A. Gorin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Grassi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M. Guigue
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - D. R. Hadley
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - J. T. Haigh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - D. A. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - M. Hartz
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - T. Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - S. Hassani
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N. C. Hastings
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Hayato
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - D. Henaff
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Hiramoto
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M. Hogan
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado USA
| | - J. Holeczek
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A. Holin
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - T. Holvey
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - N. T. Hong Van
- International Centre of Physics, Institute of Physics (IOP), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T. Honjo
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - F. Iacob
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. K. Ichikawa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - M. Ikeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - T. Ishida
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Ishitsuka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - H. T. Israel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K. Iwamoto
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Izmaylov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. Izumi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - M. Jakkapu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - B. Jamieson
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - S. J. Jenkins
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C. Jesús-Valls
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - J. J. Jiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - P. Jonsson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S. Joshi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. K. Jung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. B. Jurj
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Kabirnezhad
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. C. Kaboth
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - T. Kajita
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H. Kakuno
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. Kameda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - S. P. Kasetti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Y. Kataoka
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - Y. Katayama
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - T. Katori
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - M. Kawaue
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E. Kearns
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Khabibullin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Khotjantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T. Kikawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H. Kikutani
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. King
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - V. Kiseeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - J. Kisiel
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - T. Kobata
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - H. Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Kobayashi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - L. Koch
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Kodama
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - L. L. Kormos
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Y. Koshio
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Kostin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T. Koto
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Kowalik
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Y. Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow Region, Russia and National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y. Kudo
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - R. Kurjata
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T. Kutter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - M. Kuze
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. La Commara
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - L. Labarga
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Lachner
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - J. Lagoda
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. M. Lakshmi
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Lamers James
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Lamoureux
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Langella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - J.-F. Laporte
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Last
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - N. Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - M. Laveder
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L. Lavitola
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - M. Lawe
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Y. Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - C. Lin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S.-K. Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - R. P. Litchfield
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S. L. Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - W. Li
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Longhin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - K. R. Long
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Lopez Moreno
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - L. Ludovici
- INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - X. Lu
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - T. Lux
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - L. N. Machado
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L. Magaletti
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - K. Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - M. Malek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M. Mandal
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. Manly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - A. D. Marino
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - L. Marti-Magro
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - M. Martini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- IPSA-DRII, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - J. F. Martin
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - T. Maruyama
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - T. Matsubara
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - V. Matveev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - C. Mauger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Mavrokoridis
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - E. Mazzucato
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N. McCauley
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J. McElwee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K. S. McFarland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - C. McGrew
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - J. McKean
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Mefodiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. D. Megias
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - P. Mehta
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L. Mellet
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - C. Metelko
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. Mezzetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - E. Miller
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - A. Minamino
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - O. Mineev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. Mine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - M. Miura
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - S. Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Moriyama
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. Morrison
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Th. A. Mueller
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - D. Munford
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - L. Munteanu
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - K. Nagai
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y. Nagai
- Department of Atomic Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - T. Nakadaira
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - K. Nakagiri
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Nakahata
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - Y. Nakajima
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - H. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
| | - K. Nakamura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - K. D. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - Y. Nakano
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - S. Nakayama
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - T. Nakaya
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K. Nakayoshi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | | | - T. V. Ngoc
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
- The Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - V. Q. Nguyen
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - K. Niewczas
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - S. Nishimori
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Nishimura
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - K. Nishizaki
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T. Nosek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - F. Nova
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - P. Novella
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - J. C. Nugent
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | | | - L. O’Sullivan
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Odagawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T. Ogawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - R. Okada
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - W. Okinaga
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Okumura
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - T. Okusawa
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - N. Ospina
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. A. Owen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Y. Oyama
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - V. Palladino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - V. Paolone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - M. Pari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - J. Parlone
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S. Parsa
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Pasternak
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - D. Payne
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G. C. Penn
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D. Pershey
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - L. Pickering
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
| | - C. Pidcott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G. Pintaudi
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - C. Pistillo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B. Popov
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- JINR, Dubna, Russia
| | - K. Porwit
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Y. S. Prabhu
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - F. Pupilli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - B. Quilain
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
| | - T. Radermacher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - E. Radicioni
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - B. Radics
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - M. A. Ramírez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - P. N. Ratoff
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - M. Reh
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - C. Riccio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - E. Rondio
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. Roth
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - N. Roy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Rubbia
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. C. Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - C. A. Ruggles
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A. Rychter
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Sakashita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - F. Sánchez
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. Santucci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - C. M. Schloesser
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K. Scholberg
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Scott
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Y. Seiya
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Science Department, BMCC/CUNY, New York, NY USA
| | - T. Sekiguchi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - H. Sekiya
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D. Sgalaberna
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Shaikhiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - F. Shaker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Shaykina
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Shiozawa
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - W. Shorrock
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Shvartsman
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. Skrobova
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - D. Smyczek
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Smy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - J. T. Sobczyk
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - H. Sobel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - F. J. P. Soler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Y. Sonoda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - A. J. Speers
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - R. Spina
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - I. A. Suslov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
| | - S. Suvorov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - S. Y. Suzuki
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - Y. Suzuki
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - A. A. Sztuc
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Tada
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - S. Tairafune
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - S. Takayasu
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - A. Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - Y. Takeuchi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - K. Takifuji
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - H. K. Tanaka
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Tanihara
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - M. Tani
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A. Teklu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | | | - N. Teshima
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - N. Thamm
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - L. F. Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - W. Toki
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado USA
| | - C. Touramanis
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - T. Towstego
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - K. M. Tsui
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - T. Tsukamoto
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Tzanov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Y. Uchida
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Vagins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - D. Vargas
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Varghese
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - G. Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. Vilela
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - E. Villa
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - U. Virginet
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - T. Wachala
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
| | - J. G. Walsh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - L. Wan
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - D. Wark
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | - M. O. Wascko
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Weber
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R. Wendell
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. J. Wilking
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - C. Wilkinson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. R. Wilson
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - K. Wood
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - C. Wret
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - J. Xia
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
| | - Y.-H. Xu
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - K. Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka, Japan
| | - T. Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - C. Yanagisawa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
- Science Department, BMCC/CUNY, New York, NY USA
| | - G. Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - T. Yano
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
| | - K. Yasutome
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N. Yershov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - U. Yevarouskaya
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M. Yokoyama
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Yoshimoto
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N. Yoshimura
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M. Yu
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - R. Zaki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Zalewska
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
| | - J. Zalipska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Zaremba
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G. Zarnecki
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
| | - X. Zhao
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Zhu
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Ziembicki
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. D. Zimmerman
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - M. Zito
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - S. Zsoldos
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - T2K Collaboration
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Department of Atomic Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Section de Physique, DPNC, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
- Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- IFIC (CSIC and University of Valencia), Valencia, Spain
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- International Centre of Physics, Institute of Physics (IOP), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
- ILANCE, CNRS-University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582 Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
- Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Harwell, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Japan
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB Canada
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy
- J-PARC, Tokai, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow Region, Russia and National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Moscow, Russia
- IPSA-DRII, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
- The Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- JINR, Dubna, Russia
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka, Japan
- Science Department, BMCC/CUNY, New York, NY USA
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11
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Ebata A, Suzuki T, Shoji-Harada N, Hamanaka Y, Miyashita M, Iwabuchi E, Takagi K, Miki Y, Tada H, Ishida T. Immunolocalization of Cytoplasmic ER in ER-negative Breast Carcinoma as a Potent Favorable Prognostic Predictor. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:59-66. [PMID: 37680573 PMCID: PMC10480483 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.23-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that estrogen receptor (ER) has extranuclear signaling functions in addition to classical genomic pathway, and estrogenic actions have been reported in ER-negative breast carcinoma cells. However, significance of cytoplasmic-ER immunoreactivity has not been reported in ER-negative breast carcinoma tissues. We immunolocalized cytoplasmic ER in 155 ER-negative breast carcinoma tissues and evaluated its clinicopathological significance including the prognosis. As a comparative cohort set, we also used 142 ER-positive breast carcinomas. Cytoplasmic-ER immunoreactivity was detected in the carcinoma cells, but not in the non-neoplastic mammary epithelium. Cytoplasmic-ER immunoreactivity was positive in the 35 out of 155 (23%) ER-negative breast carcinoma cases, whereas it was detected only in 2 out of 142 (1.4%) ER-positive cases. Cytoplasmic ER status was positively associated with cytoplasmic-PR status, but inversely associated with Ki67 labeling index or distant free-relapse survival rate. Moreover, cytoplasmic-ER status turned out to be an independent good prognostic factor for both distant relapse-free survival and breast cancer specific survival. These findings suggested that cytoplasmic ER plays important roles in the ER-negative breast carcinoma, and cytoplasmic ER is a potent good prognostic factor. Among the ER-negative breast cancer patients, clinical benefit of chemotherapy may be limited in the cytoplasmic-ER positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Ebata
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Narumi Shoji-Harada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
| | - Yohei Hamanaka
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
| | - Erina Iwabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980–8574, Japan
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12
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Zhang J, Miki Y, Iwabuchi E, Xu J, Kanai A, Sagara Y, Ohi Y, Rai Y, Yamaguchi R, Tanaka M, Ishida T, Suzuki T, Sasano H. Induction of SGK1 via glucocorticoid-influenced clinical outcome of triple-negative breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023:10.1007/s10549-023-06990-4. [PMID: 37286891 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive breast malignancy. Glucocorticoid (GC)-glucocorticoid receptor (GR) pathway plays a pivotal role in the cellular responses to various stresses including chemotherapy. Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase-1 (SGK1) is known as an important downstream effector molecule in the GR signaling pathway, we attempted to explore its clinicopathological and functional significance in TNBC in which GR is expressed. METHODS We first immunolocalized GR and SGK1 and correlated the results with clinicopathological variables and clinical outcome in 131 TNBC patients. We also evaluated the effects of SGK1 on the cell proliferation and migration in TNBC cell lines with administration of dexamethasone (DEX) to further clarify the significance of SGK1. RESULTS The status of SGK1 in carcinoma cells was significantly associated with adverse clinical outcome in TNBC patients examined and was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, pathological stage, and lymphatic invasion of the patients. In particular, SGK1 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence in GR-positive TNBC patients. Subsequent in vitro studies also demonstrated that DEX promoted TNBC cell migration and the silencing of gene expression did inhibit the cell proliferation and migration of TNBC cells under DEX treatment. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore an association between SGK1 and clinicopathological variables and clinical outcome of TNBC patients. SGK1 status was significantly positively correlated with adverse clinical outcome of TNBC patients and promoted carcinoma cell proliferation and migration of carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjia Zhang
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Erina Iwabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junyao Xu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ayako Kanai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hachinohe City Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Sagara
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgical Oncology, Sagara Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Ohi
- Department of Pathology, Sagara Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Rai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgical Oncology, Sagara Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rin Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Maki Tanaka
- JCHO Kurume General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Kawazoe T, Ishida T, Jobu K, Kawada K, Yoshioka S, Miyamura M. Analysis of Urinary Retention Caused by Selective β 3-adrenoceptor Agonists Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database (JADER). Pharmazie 2023; 78:56-62. [PMID: 37189265 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2023.3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a frequent chronic disorder which impairs quality of life by frequent, uncontrollable urination. Newly developed selectiveβ 3-adrenoceptor agonists (sβ 3-agonists) have the same efficacy in treating OAB but significantly fewer side effects than the traditionally used anti-muscarinics. However, safety data on these compounds are scarce. In this study, we analysed the occurrence of adverse effects in patients taking sβ 3-agonists and their characteristics using the JADER database. The most frequently reported adverse effect associated with the use of sβ 3-agonists was urinary retention [mirabegron; crude reporting odds ratios (ROR): 62.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 52.0-73.6, P<0.001, vibegron; crude ROR: 250, 95% CI : 134-483, P<0.001]. Data from patients with urinary retention were stratified by sex. In both men and women, the rate of urinary retention was higher when using the mirabegron/anti-muscarinic drug when compared to mirabegron monotherapy; its occurrence was higher in men with a history of benign prostatic hypertrophy than in those without. Weibull analysis showed that approximately 50% of sβ 3 agonist-induced urinary retention occurred within 15 days after initiation of treatment, and then gradually decreased. Although sβ 3-agonists are useful against OAB, they may induce several side effects, especially urinary retention, which can further evolve into more severe conditions. Urinary retention occurs more frequently in patients concomitantly taking medication that either increases urethral resistance or has organic factors that block the urethra. When using sβ 3-agonists, the concomitantly used medications and underlying diseases should be thoroughly reviewed, and safety monitoring should be instituted early during the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawazoe
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan;,
| | - T Ishida
- Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - K Jobu
- Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - K Kawada
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - S Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - M Miyamura
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan; Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kochi, Japan
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14
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Tada H, Gonda K, Kitamura N, Ishida T. Clinical Significance of ABCG2/BCRP Quantified by Fluorescent Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082365. [PMID: 37190293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), also known as ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), is associated with chemotherapy resistance. BCRP is also implicated in breast cancer stem cells, and is reported as a poor prognostic factor. However, the relationship of BCRP levels in breast cancer tissues with chemotherapy resistance and prognosis has not been clarified. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between BCRP expression and prognosis in breast cancer using immunohistochemistry with fluorescent phosphor-integrated dots (IHC-PIDs). A total of 37 breast cancer patients with residual cancer in the primary tumor and axillary lymph nodes were evaluated. BCRP levels in breast cancer tissue and metastatic lymph nodes were quantitatively detected after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Among these 37 patients, 24 had corresponding core needle biopsies obtained before NAC. Biomarker assay with IHC-PIDs showed high accuracy for the quantitative assessment of BCRP with low expression. High BCRP expression in the primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes after preoperative chemotherapy was associated with worse overall survival. In conclusion, high BCRP levels may be associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer, having residual tumors within the primary tumor and lymph nodes after preoperative chemotherapy. These findings provide a basis for further appropriate adjuvant therapy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tada
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Gonda
- Department of Medical Physics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Narufumi Kitamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
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15
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Minami Y, Miyashita M, Ishida T, Fujita M, Hamada H, Saito M, Arima T, Yaegashi N. Maternal lifestyle and nutrient intakes during pregnancy and exclusive breastfeeding in relation to risk factors for breast cancer: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. Prev Med 2023; 168:107446. [PMID: 36775206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding has many benefits for infant growth and maternal health, such as reducing breast cancer risk. However, data on maternal factors influencing breastfeeding are insufficient. To clarify the associations between maternal lifestyle and diet during pregnancy and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), we conducted a prospective study of pregnant women within the framework of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (a nationwide birth cohort study). Of 97,413 pregnant women recruited between January 2011 and March 2014, 27,775 with a singleton first live birth whose dietary data during pregnancy and lactation data were complete were eligible. Using logistic regression, we evaluated the associations between lifestyle factors including smoking and prepregnancy body mass index and intake of nutrients (macronutrients, isoflavones, and dietary fiber), some of which are known risk factors of breast cancer, and EBF for one month postpartum (initiation of EBF). To investigate the associations of these factors with EBF for 6 months (continuation of EBF), 9582 women who had successfully completed one-month EBF were further followed up. Smoking and prepregnancy obesity were inversely associated with the initiation and continuation of EBF. Intakes of protein, fat, isoflavone, and dietary fiber were positively associated (p trend = 0.0001 for dietary fiber), and carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with the initiation of EBF. Dietary fiber intake was also associated with the continuation of EBF (p trend = 0.048). These findings indicate that maternal lifestyles during pregnancy affect lactation performance. Lifestyle adjustments during pregnancy may have favorable effects on maternal and children's health through successful breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Minami
- Department of Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Center for Preventive Medicine, Osaki Citizen Hospital, 2-3-15 Senjuji-machi, Furukawa, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6174, Japan.
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Megumi Fujita
- Department of Nursing, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Hamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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16
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Tada H, Gonda K, Kitamura N, Miyashita M, Harada-Shoji N, Hamanaka Y, Ebata A, Ishida T. Abstract P3-05-15: Clinical significance of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) quantified by fluorescence nanoparticle in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p3-05-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), also known as ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), is associated with chemotherapy resistance. BCRP is also implicated in breast cancer stem cells and has been reported as a poor prognostic factor. However, the relationship of BCRP levels in breast cancer tissues with chemotherapy resistance and prognosis has not been clarified to date. Our laboratory recently developed nanoparticles suitable for the quantitative immunohistochemical (IHC) method called phosphor-integrated dots (PIDs). Using PID-based IHC (IHC-PIDs), many biomarker proteins can be visualized and quantitatively analyzed at the single-particle level in paraffine-embedded, formalin-fixed tumor samples. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between quantitatively analyzed BCRP expression and prognosis in breast cancer tissue samples using immunohistochemistry with IHC-PIDs. Thirty-seven Japanese patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who underwent mastectomy and lymph node dissection at Tohoku University Hospital (Sendai, Japan) between 2004 and 2010 were included. All patients had undergone NAC and were pathologically diagnosed with non-pathological complete response or progressive disease and lymph node metastasis postoperatively. The patients were followed up within a median of 10.1 years (range, 1.1–18.2 years). Among the thirty-seven patients, twenty-eight patients had core needle biopsy specimens taken before NAC. BCRP levels in breast cancer tissue and metastatic lymph nodes were quantitatively detected after preoperative chemotherapy and core needle biopsy. Biomarker assay with IHC-PIDs showed high accuracy for quantitative assessment of BCRP with low expression. The optimal PT+LN BCRP cut-off score for predicting survival was 27.4, with a sensitivity of 60.6% and a specificity of 77.3%. BCRP expression in PT+LN samples was dichotomized into high and low groups at this cutoff value, and OS was compared between these group. The results showed that OS was significantly worse in the high BCRP-expression group (log-rank p=0.0089). In conclusion, high BCRP levels are associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer with residual tumors within the primary tumor and lymph nodes after preoperative chemotherapy. These findings provide a basis for further appropriate adjuvant therapy in these patients.
Citation Format: Hiroshi Tada, Kohsuke Gonda, Narufumi Kitamura, Minoru Miyashita, Narumi Harada-Shoji, Yohei Hamanaka, Akiko Ebata, Takanori Ishida. Clinical significance of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) quantified by fluorescence nanoparticle in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tada
- 1Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Kohsuke Gonda
- 2Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Narufumi Kitamura
- 3Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- 4Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Narumi Harada-Shoji
- 5Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Yohei Hamanaka
- 6Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Akiko Ebata
- 7Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Takanori Ishida
- 8Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
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17
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Takada M, Saji S, Ueno T, Masuda N, Ishiguro H, Ishida T, Saeki T, Imoto S, Ohno S, Iwata H, Sugie T, Aogi K, Mukai H, Takayama S, Sato N, Kai Y, Kitada M, Nakamura R, Matsuyama Y, Toi M. Abstract P1-01-05: Adjuvant S-1 plus endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative, primary breast cancer: updated overall survival analysis from the POTENT trial. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p1-01-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The Phase III POTENT trial demonstrated an improvement in invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) by the addition of S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine, to adjuvant endocrine therapy in patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative early breast cancer. Because the trial was terminated at the interim analysis as the primary endpoint was met, the result of the overall survival (OS) remains immature. Methods: This multicenter observational study aimed to investigate the survival outcomes of patients who participated in the POTENT trial, in which patients with stage I to IIIB ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer without protocol-defined low-risk features received adjuvant endocrine therapy alone or with S-1 for 1 year. Of the full analysis set (FAS) of the POTENT trial (N=1930), patients who withdrew the consent or whose institutions terminated the contract were excluded from this study. The primary endpoint was OS. Secondary endpoints were IDFS and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS). Results: A total of 337 patients (17%) in the POTENT study were excluded from this analysis (eight patients withdrew consent and 329 patients for institutions whose contract had been terminated). A total of 1593 patients were included in this study (803 in the endocrine therapy alone group and 790 in the endocrine therapy plus S-1 group). The median follow-up was 77.5 months (IQR: 68.8–86.0). The median duration of endocrine therapy was 71 and 69 months in the endocrine therapy alone and endocrine therapy plus S-1 groups, respectively. The patient characteristics were well balanced between the treatment groups, except for the number of lymph nodes involved. The endocrine therapy alone group included more patients with four or more positive nodes than the endocrine therapy plus S-1 group (12% vs. 9%, P=0.01). 58 (7%) patients in the endocrine therapy alone group and 51 (6%) in the endocrine therapy plus S-1 group died (HR 0.89, 95%CI: 0.61–1.30, P=0.54). The 5-year overall survival estimate was 94.7% (95%CI: 92.9–96.1%) in the endocrine therapy alone group and 95.6% (95%CI: 93.8–96.8%) in the endocrine therapy plus S-1 group. IDFS events were observed in 166 patients (21%) in the endocrine therapy alone group and in 135 patients (17%) in the endocrine therapy plus S-1 group (HR 0.80, 95%CI: 0.64–1.01). DRFS events occurred in 123 patients (15%) in the endocrine therapy alone group and in 91 patients (12%) in the endocrine therapy plus S-1 group (HR 0.74, 95%CI: 0.56–0.97). Conclusions: In this observational study, data from 337 patients (17%) were missing from the FAS of the POTENT trial. Both the endocrine therapy alone group and endocrine therapy plus S-1 groups showed favorable OS, and OS was similar between the treatment groups. The benefit of IDFS and DRFS by the addition of S-1 to endocrine therapy were maintained.
Citation Format: Masahiro Takada, Shigehira Saji, Takayuki Ueno, Norikazu Masuda, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Takanori Ishida, Toshiaki Saeki, Shigeru Imoto, Shinji Ohno, Hiroji Iwata, Tomoharu Sugie, Kenjiro Aogi, Hirofumi Mukai, Shin Takayama, Nobuaki Sato, Yuichiro Kai, Masahiro Kitada, Rikiya Nakamura, Yutaka Matsuyama, Masakazu Toi. Adjuvant S-1 plus endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative, primary breast cancer: updated overall survival analysis from the POTENT trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Takada
- 1Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigehira Saji
- 2Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ueno
- 3Breast Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norikazu Masuda
- 4Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Breast Oncology NHO Osaka National Hospital
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- 5Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- 6Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Saeki
- 7Breast Oncology Service, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Ohno
- 9Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- 10Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan, Nagoya
| | - Tomoharu Sugie
- 11Breast Surgery, Kansai Medial University Hospital, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Aogi
- 12Department of Breast Surgery, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Mukai
- 13Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin Takayama
- 14Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Sato
- 15Department of Breast Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Kitada
- 17Breast Disease Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rikiya Nakamura
- 18Division of Breast Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuyama
- 19Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- 20Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Abe K, Hayato Y, Hiraide K, Ieki K, Ikeda M, Kameda J, Kanemura Y, Kaneshima R, Kashiwagi Y, Kataoka Y, Miki S, Mine S, Miura M, Moriyama S, Nakano Y, Nakahata M, Nakayama S, Noguchi Y, Okamoto K, Sato K, Sekiya H, Shiba H, Shimizu K, Shiozawa M, Sonoda Y, Suzuki Y, Takeda A, Takemoto Y, Takenaka A, Tanaka H, Watanabe S, Yano T, Han S, Kajita T, Okumura K, Tashiro T, Tomiya T, Wang X, Xia J, Yoshida S, Megias GD, Fernandez P, Labarga L, Ospina N, Zaldivar B, Pointon BW, Kearns E, Raaf JL, Wan L, Wester T, Bian J, Griskevich NJ, Kropp WR, Locke S, Smy MB, Sobel HW, Takhistov V, Yankelevich A, Hill J, Park RG, Bodur B, Scholberg K, Walter CW, Bernard L, Coffani A, Drapier O, El Hedri S, Giampaolo A, Mueller TA, Santos AD, Paganini P, Quilain B, Ishizuka T, Nakamura T, Jang JS, Learned JG, Choi K, Cao S, Anthony LHV, Martin D, Scott M, Sztuc AA, Uchida Y, Berardi V, Catanesi MG, Radicioni E, Calabria NF, Machado LN, De Rosa G, Collazuol G, Iacob F, Lamoureux M, Mattiazzi M, Ludovici L, Gonin M, Pronost G, Fujisawa C, Maekawa Y, Nishimura Y, Friend M, Hasegawa T, Ishida T, Kobayashi T, Jakkapu M, Matsubara T, Nakadaira T, Nakamura K, Oyama Y, Sakashita K, Sekiguchi T, Tsukamoto T, Boschi T, Di Lodovico F, Gao J, Goldsack A, Katori T, Migenda J, Taani M, Zsoldos S, Kotsar Y, Ozaki H, Suzuki AT, Takeuchi Y, Bronner C, Feng J, Kikawa T, Mori M, Nakaya T, Wendell RA, Yasutome K, Jenkins SJ, McCauley N, Mehta P, Tsui KM, Fukuda Y, Itow Y, Menjo H, Ninomiya K, Lagoda J, Lakshmi SM, Mandal M, Mijakowski P, Prabhu YS, Zalipska J, Jia M, Jiang J, Jung CK, Wilking MJ, Yanagisawa C, Harada M, Ishino H, Ito S, Kitagawa H, Koshio Y, Nakanishi F, Sakai S, Barr G, Barrow D, Cook L, Samani S, Wark D, Nova F, Yang JY, Malek M, McElwee JM, Stone O, Thiesse MD, Thompson LF, Okazawa H, Kim SB, Seo JW, Yu I, Ichikawa AK, Nakamura KD, Tairafune S, Nishijima K, Iwamoto K, Nakagiri K, Nakajima Y, Taniuchi N, Yokoyama M, Martens K, de Perio P, Vagins MR, Kuze M, Izumiyama S, Inomoto M, Ishitsuka M, Ito H, Kinoshita T, Matsumoto R, Ommura Y, Shigeta N, Shinoki M, Suganuma T, Yamauchi K, Martin JF, Tanaka HA, Towstego T, Akutsu R, Gousy-Leblanc V, Hartz M, Konaka A, Prouse NW, Chen S, Xu BD, Zhang B, Posiadala-Zezula M, Hadley D, Nicholson M, O'Flaherty M, Richards B, Ali A, Jamieson B, Marti L, Minamino A, Pintaudi G, Sano S, Suzuki S, Wada K. Search for Cosmic-Ray Boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter Using Recoil Protons at Super-Kamiokande. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:031802. [PMID: 36763398 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.031802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a search for cosmic-ray boosted dark matter with protons using the 0.37 megaton×years data collected at Super-Kamiokande experiment during the 1996-2018 period (SKI-IV phase). We searched for an excess of proton recoils above the atmospheric neutrino background from the vicinity of the Galactic Center. No such excess is observed, and limits are calculated for two reference models of dark matter with either a constant interaction cross section or through a scalar mediator. This is the first experimental search for boosted dark matter with hadrons using directional information. The results present the most stringent limits on cosmic-ray boosted dark matter and exclude the dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering cross section between 10^{-33}cm^{2} and 10^{-27}cm^{2} for dark matter mass from 1 MeV/c^{2} to 300 MeV/c^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - Y Hayato
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - K Hiraide
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - K Ieki
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - M Ikeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - J Kameda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - Y Kanemura
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R Kaneshima
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - Y Kashiwagi
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - Y Kataoka
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - S Miki
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Mine
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - M Miura
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - S Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - Y Nakano
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - M Nakahata
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - S Nakayama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - Y Noguchi
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Okamoto
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Sato
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - H Sekiya
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - H Shiba
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Shimizu
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - M Shiozawa
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - Y Sonoda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - Y Suzuki
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - A Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - Y Takemoto
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - A Takenaka
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - H Tanaka
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - T Yano
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Han
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Kajita
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- ILANCE, CNRS-University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - K Okumura
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - T Tashiro
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Tomiya
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - X Wang
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - J Xia
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Yoshida
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - G D Megias
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - P Fernandez
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Labarga
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Ospina
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Zaldivar
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - B W Pointon
- Department of Physics, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 3H2, Canada
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - E Kearns
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - J L Raaf
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - L Wan
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - T Wester
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - J Bian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - N J Griskevich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - W R Kropp
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - S Locke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - M B Smy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - H W Sobel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - V Takhistov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - A Yankelevich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - J Hill
- Department of Physics, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
| | - R G Park
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - B Bodur
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K Scholberg
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - C W Walter
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - L Bernard
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Coffani
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - O Drapier
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - S El Hedri
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Giampaolo
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Th A Mueller
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - A D Santos
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - P Paganini
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - B Quilain
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - T Ishizuka
- Junior College, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - J S Jang
- GIST College, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - J G Learned
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K Choi
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - S Cao
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education, ICISE, Quy Nhon 55121, Vietnam
| | - L H V Anthony
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Martin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Scott
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A A Sztuc
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Y Uchida
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - V Berardi
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - M G Catanesi
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - E Radicioni
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - N F Calabria
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - L N Machado
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Collazuol
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Iacob
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Lamoureux
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Mattiazzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L Ludovici
- INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma "La Sapienza," I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - M Gonin
- ILANCE, CNRS-University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - G Pronost
- ILANCE, CNRS-University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - C Fujisawa
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Y Maekawa
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Y Nishimura
- Department of Physics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - M Friend
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Ishida
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Kobayashi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Jakkapu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Matsubara
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Nakadaira
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - K Nakamura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - Y Oyama
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - K Sakashita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Sekiguchi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Tsukamoto
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Boschi
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - J Gao
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - A Goldsack
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - T Katori
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - J Migenda
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - M Taani
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - S Zsoldos
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - Y Kotsar
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - H Ozaki
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - A T Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Y Takeuchi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - C Bronner
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - J Feng
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - T Kikawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - M Mori
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - T Nakaya
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - R A Wendell
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - K Yasutome
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S J Jenkins
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - N McCauley
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - P Mehta
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - K M Tsui
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - Y Fukuda
- Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - Y Itow
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - H Menjo
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - K Ninomiya
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - J Lagoda
- National Centre For Nuclear Research, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S M Lakshmi
- National Centre For Nuclear Research, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mandal
- National Centre For Nuclear Research, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Mijakowski
- National Centre For Nuclear Research, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Y S Prabhu
- National Centre For Nuclear Research, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Zalipska
- National Centre For Nuclear Research, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Jia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - C K Jung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M J Wilking
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - C Yanagisawa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Harada
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - H Ishino
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - S Ito
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - H Kitagawa
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Y Koshio
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - F Nakanishi
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - S Sakai
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - G Barr
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D Barrow
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - L Cook
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - S Samani
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D Wark
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F Nova
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Y Yang
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - M Malek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - J M McElwee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - O Stone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - M D Thiesse
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - L F Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - H Okazawa
- Department of Informatics in Social Welfare, Shizuoka University of Welfare, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-8611, Japan
| | - S B Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - J W Seo
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - I Yu
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - A K Ichikawa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - K D Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Tairafune
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Nishijima
- Department of Physics, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - K Iwamoto
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Nakagiri
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Nakajima
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - N Taniuchi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Yokoyama
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - K Martens
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - P de Perio
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - M R Vagins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - M Kuze
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - S Izumiyama
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - M Inomoto
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - M Ishitsuka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - H Ito
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - T Kinoshita
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - R Matsumoto
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Y Ommura
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - N Shigeta
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - M Shinoki
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - T Suganuma
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - K Yamauchi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - J F Martin
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - H A Tanaka
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - T Towstego
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - R Akutsu
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - V Gousy-Leblanc
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - M Hartz
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - A Konaka
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - N W Prouse
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - S Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - B D Xu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - D Hadley
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M Nicholson
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M O'Flaherty
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - B Richards
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - A Ali
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Manitoba R3J 3L8, Canada
| | - B Jamieson
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg, Manitoba R3J 3L8, Canada
| | - Ll Marti
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - A Minamino
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - G Pintaudi
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - S Sano
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - S Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - K Wada
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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Terui Y, Sugimura K, Ota H, Tada H, Nochioka K, Sato H, Katsuta Y, Fujiwara J, Harada-Shoji N, Sato-Tadano A, Morita Y, Sun W, Higuchi S, Tatebe S, Fukui S, Miyamichi-Yamamoto S, Suzuki H, Yaoita N, Kikuchi N, Sakota M, Miyata S, Sakata Y, Ishida T, Takase K, Yasuda S, Shimokawa H. Usefulness of cardiac magnetic resonance for early detection of cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction in breast cancer patients. Int J Cardiol 2023; 371:472-479. [PMID: 36115441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis of breast cancer patients has been improved along with the progress in cancer therapies. However, cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) has been an emerging issue. For early detection of CTRCD, we examined whether native T1 mapping and global longitudinal strain (GLS) using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and biomarkers analysis are useful. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 83 consecutive chemotherapy-naïve female patients with breast cancer (mean age, 56 ± 13 yrs.) between 2017 and 2020. CTRCD was defined based on echocardiography as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below 53% at any follow-up period with LVEF>10% points decrease from baseline after chemotherapy. To evaluate cardiac function, CMR (at baseline and 6 months), 12‑lead ECG, echocardiography, and biomarkers (at baseline and every 3 months) were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 164 CMRs were performed in 83 patients. LVEF and GLS were significantly decreased after chemotherapy (LVEF, from 71.2 ± 4.4 to 67.6 ± 5.8%; GLS, from -27.9 ± 3.9 to -24.7 ± 3.5%, respectively, both P < 0.01). Native T1 value also significantly elevated after chemotherapy (from 1283 ± 36 to 1308 ± 39 msec, P < 0.01). Among the 83 patients, 7 (8.4%) developed CTRCD. Of note, native T1 value before chemotherapy was significantly higher in patients with CTRCD than in those without it (1352 ± 29 vs. 1278 ± 30 msec, P < 0.01). The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that native T1 value was an independent predictive factor for the development of CTRCD [OR 2.33; 95%CI 1.15-4.75, P = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that CMR is useful to detect chemotherapy-related myocardial damage and predict for the development of CTRCD in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Terui
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koichiro Sugimura
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Cardiology, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Narita, Japan
| | - Hideki Ota
- Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nochioka
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruka Sato
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuko Katsuta
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Fujiwara
- Clinical Physiological Laboratory Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Narumi Harada-Shoji
- Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiko Sato-Tadano
- Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Morita
- Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wenyu Sun
- Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Higuchi
- Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tatebe
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Fukui
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saori Miyamichi-Yamamoto
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideaki Suzuki
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yaoita
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kikuchi
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miku Sakota
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyata
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sakata
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei Takase
- Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; International University of Health and Welfare, Graduate School, Narita, Japan.
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20
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Ohneda K, Hamanaka Y, Kawame H, Fuse N, Nagami F, Suzuki Y, Yamaguchi-Kabata Y, Shimada M, Masamune A, Aoki Y, Ishida T, Yamamoto M. Returning individual genomic results to population-based cohort study participants with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:110-120. [PMID: 36161580 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in human genome research have provided evidence for genotype-phenotype associations, pathogenicity, and clinical actionability of variants and genomic risk prediction of disease. However, the return of individual genomic results to healthy individuals is fraught with ethical and practical complexity. METHODS Individual genomic results were returned to BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant (PV) carriers of the Tohoku Medical Megabank cohort study participants with an information on hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC). One hundred and eighty participants, including 9 BRCA1/2 PV carriers, were asked about their willingness to receive individual genomic results, without revealing the gene name and related disorders, prior to the study. Of the 142 participants who responded, 103 showed willingness to know their genomic information. Each of the six BRCA1/2 PV carriers who consented to participate in the study received information about HBOC in person and underwent validation testing with blood resampling. RESULTS All participants were in their 60s or 70s; of the four females and two males, two had a history of breast cancer and five had a family history of HBOC-related cancers. All participants appreciated the information, without remarkable negative psychological impact of the return, and intended to undergo clinical risk surveillance. Five participants were accompanied by family members while receiving the results, and three first-degree female relatives wished to undergo genomic testing at the hospital. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that returning actionable genomic information to participants in a population-based genome cohort study is beneficial for preventing or providing early-stage intervention for associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinuko Ohneda
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan.
| | - Yohei Hamanaka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawame
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuse
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fuji Nagami
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Suzuki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamaguchi-Kabata
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Muneaki Shimada
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan.
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Miki Y, Iwabuchi E, Xu J, Ishida T, Sasano H. ODP562 ZnT5 Involvement in EMT in Breast Cancer. J Endocr Soc 2022. [PMCID: PMC9629141 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc levels in breast cancer tissue are reportedly higher than in normal tissue. In addition, the expression levels of zinc transporters, including ZnT5 and ZnT6, in breast cancer tissue are higher than in normal breast tissue. Moreover, ZnT5 and ZnT6 contribute to the formation of heterodimers and are involved in different biological functions. In vitro studies using chicken DT40 cells showed that ZnT5 and ZnT6 heterodimers are required to activate several proteins that play important roles in tumorigenesis, infiltration, and metastasis. However, the functions of ZnT5 and ZnT6 heterodimers in breast cancer remain unknown. Therefore, in this study, we first immunolocalized ZnT5 and ZnT6 in 113 pathological specimens of breast cancer. We then analyzed the interaction between ZnT5 and ZnT6 in breast cancer tissue using proximity ligation assay (PLA). Further, we evaluated cell migration and the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers as well as vimentin and E-cadherin in ZnT5 knockdown MCF-7 cells using siRNA. Next, we utilized human phosphorylation multipathway profiling array to explore the underlying mechanism of ZnT5 knockdown-induced cell migration. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the number of ZnT5-positive breast cancer cells was significantly higher in patients with a low pathologic N factor, and the number of ZnT6-positive breast cancer cells was significantly higher in patients with a low histological grade. The number of ZnT5 and ZnT6 double-positive breast cancer cells was significantly higher in patients with low Ki-67 expression than those with ZnT5-positive and ZnT6-negative breast cancer cells. In addition, ZnT5 and ZnT6 heterodimers were detected using PLA in breast cancer tissues with high expression of both ZnT5 and ZnT6. Treatment with 100 µM ZnCl 2 inhibited migration of MCF-7 cells, but ZnT5 knockdown promoted cell migration. ZnT5 knockdown induced higher levels of vimentin and lower levels of E-cadherin and activated SMAD1 in the presence of 100 µM ZnCl 2 . These results indicate that the involvement of ZnT5 in the inhibition of EMT through SMAD1 inactivation. These results also indicate that the role of ZnT5 and ZnT6 heterodimers differs from that of the ZnT5 homodimer in cell proliferation. However, further studies are required to clarify the role of zinc transporters and zinc signaling in breast cancer. Presentation: No date and time listed
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Miki Y, Naraoka H, Iwabuchi E, Sato A, Takagi K, Sasano H, Ishida T, Suzuki T, Ito K. ODP548 Fatty acid metabolism-related factors in breast and endometrial cancers. J Endocr Soc 2022. [PMCID: PMC9629217 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Obesity is a well-known risk factor for gynecological malignant tumors such as breast and endometrial cancers. In the cancer microenvironment, the interaction between cancer cells and adipocytes reportedly contributes to the malignant behavior of cancer. In breast cancer, the fatty acid transporter CD36, also known as fatty acid translocase, has been shown to mediate fatty acid uptake into cancer cells and activate signaling pathways that promote tumor progression. Fatty acids are speculated to play important roles in breast and endometrial cancer; however, detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we first examined the expression of CD36 and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL) in breast (30 cases) and endometrial (35 cases) cancer tissues using immunohistochemistry. CD36 is a membrane protein that transports long-chain fatty acids, and ACADL catalyzes the initial β-oxidation reaction. We detected no correlation between the CD36 status and clinicopathological factors, including the estrogen receptor status in breast cancer tissues. CD36 status revealed a significant positive correlation with lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer. There was no immunoreactivity for CD36 in morphologically normal mammary glands. Otherwise, CD36 immunoreactivity was detected in the endometrial glandular cells. In both cancers, ACADL expression did not correlate with any clinicopathological factor. Both CD36 and ACADL showed higher positivity rates in endometrial cancer than in breast cancer. In addition, the effect of lipid addition on cell proliferation was examined using breast (T-47D) and endometrial (AN3CA) cancer cell lines exhibiting equivalent CD36 levels. Lipid (Refeed JNS) was obtained from Remembrane, Italy. Lipid addition promoted cell proliferation in both T-47D and AN3CA cells. Intracellular fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) was visualized using FAOBlue (Funakoshi, Tokyo, Japan), a nonanoic acid (C9) derivative of coumarin, a blue fluorescence dye. Following FAOBlue decomposition in the fourth FAO cycle, coumarin is released from propionic acid, and released coumarin shows strong blue fluorescence excited at 405 nm. T-47D cells showed blue fluorescence in the lipid-supplemented medium, indicating β-oxidative activity. Conversely, AN3CA cells exhibited weak fluorescence under the same conditions. It can be postulated that intracellular lipid uptake and subsequent β-oxidation are mediated via a specific pathway in breast and endometrial cancers. Lipid-mediated effects differ between breast and endometrial cancers, and further investigations are needed to elucidate intracellular signals mediating these effects.
Presentation: No date and time listed
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Ishida T, Jin Y, Yaegashi D, Ishida M, Sakai C, Yamaki T, Nakazato K, Tashiro S, Takeishi Y. DNA damage induced by radiation exposure from cardiac catheterization – an analysis in patients and operators. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The biological effects of low-dose radiation from cardiac imaging or intervention remain largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ionized radiation from cardiac catheterization on genomic DNA integrity and inflammatory cytokines in patients and operators.
Methods
Peripheral mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from patients (n=52) and operators (n=35) before and after coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention. Expression of gammaH2AX, a marker for DNA double-strand breaks, was measured by immunofluorescence. Dicentric chromosomes (DICs), a form of chromosome aberrations, were assayed using a fluorescent in situ hybridization technique.
Results
In the patient MNCs, the numbers of gammaH2AX foci and DICs increased after cardiac catheterization by 101±75% and 28±99%, respectively (P<0.05 for both). The mRNA expressions of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and caspase-1 were significantly increased by radiation exposure from cardiac catheterization. The increase in IL-1β was significantly correlated with that of gammaH2AX, but not with dose area product. In the operators, neither gammaH2AX foci nor DICs level was changed, but IL-1β mRNA was significantly increased. Protein expression of IkappaBα was significantly decreased in both groups.
Conclusions
DNA damage was increased in the MNCs of patients, but not of operators, who underwent cardiac catheterization. Inflammatory cytokines were increased both in the patients and operators, presumably through activation of NF-kappaB. Further efforts to reduce radiation exposure from cardiac catheterization are necessary both for patients and operators.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI)
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ishida
- Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Y Jin
- Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - D Yaegashi
- Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - M Ishida
- Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - C Sakai
- Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - T Yamaki
- Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - K Nakazato
- Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - S Tashiro
- Hiroshima University Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Department of Cellular Biology , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Y Takeishi
- Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
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Ishida T, Hagiya H, Yamamoto Y, Oguni K, Otsuka F. Splenomegaly in silent endocarditis. QJM 2022; 115:615-616. [PMID: 35723572 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Ishida
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - H Hagiya
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - K Oguni
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - F Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Endoh D, Ishii K, Kohno K, Virgona N, Miyakoshi Y, Yano T, Ishida T. CHEMORESISTANCE RELATED TO HYPOXIA ADAPTATION IN MESOTHELIOMA CELLS FROM TUMOR SPHEROIDS. Exp Oncol 2022; 44:121-125. [PMID: 35964640 DOI: 10.32471/exp-oncology.2312-8852.vol-44-no-2.18045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia has been noted as a key factor for induction and maintenance of cancer stemness thereby leading to therapy resistance. Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models demonstrate a heterogeneity of hypoxic regions replicating the in vivo situation within tumors. Utilizing an established 3D spheroid model, we investigated whether extrinsic hypoxia reinforced chemoresistance in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) spheroids. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor spheres were generated from Meso-1 (a typical human MPM cell line) cells having high spheroid-forming ability. To induce hypoxia condition, we utilized a hypoxia chamber with regulation of O2 and CO2 levels. Cell viability was estimated by a WST-8 assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to evaluate the expression at mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS Compared with cells cultured in the two-dimensional monolayer model, tumor sphere cells showed elevated mRNA levels of cancer stemness markers (CD26, CD44 and ABCG2) and protein levels of the stemness and hypoxia adaptation markers (ABCG2, ALDH1A1 and HIFs). Correlating with this, 3D spheroid cells were more resistant to permetrexed and topotecan than the two-dimensional cells, indicative of their potential for hypoxic adaptation. Furthermore, significantly stronger resistance to both chemotherapeutic agents was observed in spheroid cells upon hypoxic challenge compared to spheroid cells under normoxia. CONCLUSION From the present data, it is concluded that hypoxia adaptation of MPM cells from tumor spheres could enhance their chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Endoh
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - K Ishii
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - K Kohno
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - N Virgona
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Y Miyakoshi
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - T Yano
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - T Ishida
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
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Kosaka S, Miyashita M, McNamala K, Nomura M, Shima H, Kawai M, Sato I, Harada-Shoji N, Ishida T, Choi MH, Sasano H. Bird's eye view analysis of in situ cholesterol metabolic pathways in breast cancer patients and its clinicopathological significance in their subtypes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 221:106103. [PMID: 35367370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been known to increase the risks of breast cancer (BC) development and also to be associated with adverse clinical outcome of the patients. Abnormalities of cholesterol metabolism are not only related to obesity but also to biological or clinical behavior of BC patients. However, which metabolites or pathways of cholesterol metabolism could represent the characteristics of BC patients have remained virtually unknown. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to perform bird's eye view or comprehensive analysis of in situ or intra-tumoral cholesterol metabolic pathways using the multimodal approaches in order to elucidate the possible significance of cholesterol metabolites and its metabolic enzymes including CYP27A1, CYP7A1, and CYP46A1. GC-MS study using BC specimens was first performed in 60 BCE patients to evaluate cholesterol metabolism from cholesterol through oxysterols in both BC and normal tissues. Results of those analyses above lead to evaluating immunoreactivity and mRNA expression of CYP27A1, CYP7A1 and CYP46A1 in 213 and 153 BCE cases, respectively. Results of comprehensive GC-MS analysis did reveal that three oxysterols, 27-HC, 7α-HC and 24-HC were all related to malignant phenotypes in BC. 27-HC abundance was significantly associated with higher tumor stage (P = 0.0475) of BC patients. Luminal B type BC patients harboring high CYP27A1, the enzyme responsible for production of 27-HC were significantly associated with worse disease-free survival than those with low CYP27A1 (P = 0.0463). 7α-HC tended to be more abundant in HER2 positive and TNBC subtypes and higher levels of 7α-HC were also significantly associated with higher Ki-67 labeling index (P = 0.0022) and histological grade (P = 0.0286). CYP7A1, the enzyme involved in production of 7α-HC, was significantly more abundant in TNBC than other subtypes (vs Luminal A; P = 0.0321, vs Luminal B; P = 0.0048, vs HER2; P = 0.0103). The levels of 24-HC in BC were lower than normal breast tissues regardless of its subtypes. CYP46A1, the enzyme involved in the production of 24-HC, was detected only in 33 (15.5%) out of 213 BCE cases examined in this study. Results of our bird's eye view analysis of in situ or intra-tumoral cholesterol metabolism in BC patients did firstly reveal BC subtype dependent involvement of its different pathways. Results also indicated the therapeutic possibility of subtype dependent modification of cholesterol metabolizing pathways in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinkichi Kosaka
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Keely McNamala
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nomura
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shima
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kawai
- Department of Surgery I, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Ikuro Sato
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Narumi Harada-Shoji
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
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Tanda N, Tada H, Washio J, Takahashi N, Ishida T, Koseki T. Influence of alcohol sensitivity on bone metastases and skeletal-related events in primary operable breast cancer: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269335. [PMID: 35657923 PMCID: PMC9165843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone metastases in breast cancer patients are a common concern for medical doctors and dentists. Bone-modifying agents, which are necessary to prevent skeletal-related events (SREs), are associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw as an adverse side effect. Hypersensitivity to alcohol is an unfavorable response caused by deficiency of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) activity. Inactive ALDH2 is associated with osteoporosis, but its influence on bone metastases is unclear. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of alcohol sensitivity on bone metastases and SREs in primary operable breast cancer patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients who were administered docetaxel, an anti-tumor agent, for histologically diagnosed breast cancer between April 2004 and September 2015. Alcohol sensitivity was assessed based on medical records of hypersensitivity to alcohol. The primary endpoint was time to bone metastases and the secondary endpoint was time to first SRE from the initial docetaxel administration. Data were stratified by alcohol sensitivity and tumor stages, and differences were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic risk factors were analyzed by the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results The median follow-up period of patients with high sensitivity to alcohol (n = 45) was 54 months and that for those with low sensitivity (n = 287) was 64 months. Stratification by alcohol sensitivity revealed that tumor stage exhibited significant correlations with the cumulative incidence of bone metastases in low-sensitivity patients; however, no differences were found in high-sensitivity patients. In multivariate analysis, alcohol sensitivity was a significant prognostic risk factor for bone metastases (HR 2.721, 95% CI 1.268–5.841, P = 0.010). Conclusion Alcohol sensitivity may be a prognostic risk factor for bone metastases. More detailed genetic investigations and metabolic analyses are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Tanda
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jumpei Washio
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeyoshi Koseki
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Xu J, Iwabuchi E, Miki Y, Kanai A, Takagi K, Suzuki T, Ishida T, Sasano H. FE65 defines the efficacy of tamoxifen treatment via osteopontin expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chiba K, Sato K, Onishi A, Kaku Y, Ishida T, Okada K, Fujisawa M. Relationship between sexual function improvement and treatment satisfaction by TRT in LOH patients. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Okada K, Sato K, Ohnishi A, Kaku Y, Ishida T, Chiba K, Fujisawa M. Effect of clomiphene citrate therapy for male infertility. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Kaku Y, Sato K, Ooishi A, Ishida T, Okada K, Chiba K, Fujisawa M. Outcomes of treatment for LOH syndrome assessed by free testosterone. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Latorre G, Pizarro M, Ford J, Gándara V, Muñoz G, Araya J, Bellolio E, Villaseca MÁ, Fuentes-López E, Cortés P, Rollán A, Bufadel M, Araya R, Vargas J, Espino A, Sharp A, Agüero C, Donoso A, Bresky G, Pedrero P, Rueda C, Calvo A, Odagaki T, Moriyama T, Ishida T, Parra-Blanco A, Camargo M, González R, Corvalán A, Riquelme A. Evaluation of Trefoil Factor 3 as a Non-Invasive Biomarker of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia and Gastric Cancer in a High-Risk Population. Gastroenterología y Hepatología 2022; 46:411-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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33
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Saji S, Taira N, Kitada M, Takano T, Takada M, Ohtake T, Toyama T, Kikawa Y, Hasegawa Y, Fujisawa T, Kashiwaba M, Ishida T, Nakamura R, Yamamoto Y, Toh U, Iwata H, Masuda N, Morita S, Ohno S, Toi M. Switch maintenance endocrine therapy plus bevacizumab after bevacizumab plus paclitaxel in advanced or metastatic oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (BOOSTER): a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:636-649. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Aruga T, Doihara H, Yanagita Y, Ishida T, Yamashita T, Uehara K, Taira T, Tsurutani J, Takeshita T, Tsuyuki S, Kaneko K, Ohtake T, Yamaguchi Y, Hara Y, Saji S. Evaluation of a new combination product with novel medical device for pegfilgrastim administration. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1763-1770. [PMID: 35293085 PMCID: PMC9128162 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pegfilgrastim, a pegylated form of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, has reduced the risk of developing febrile neutropenia, which is associated with an increase in severe infection and prolonged hospitalization. However, pegfilgrastim administration requires that patients visit hospital following cancer chemotherapy, thus imposing a burden on patients and those around them. An on-body injector (OBI), which automatically administers pegfilgrastim about 27 hours after chemotherapy, was used in this study. The OBI, which consists of a main pump unit and infusion set, is a drug delivery device designed to be attached to the patient's body, with a timer-controlled dosing function. This study was conducted in breast cancer patients to evaluate the safety of pegfilgrastim administered subcutaneously via the OBI. The study period consisted of screening and treatment observation periods involving four cycles of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide. One 3.6 mg pegfilgrastim dose was administered subcutaneously via OBI, during each cycle of chemotherapy. The study enrolled 35 patients and no serious adverse events or febrile neutropenia occurred. Administration of pegfilgrastim was successfully completed at all times when the OBI was attached to the patient and no safety concerns associated with OBI function arose. For outpatients requiring pegfilgrastim following cancer chemotherapy, the use of an OBI was considered to be a safe option to reduce the need for outpatient visits that restrict their activities of daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Aruga
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Doihara
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yanagita
- Department of Breast Oncology, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshinari Yamashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kanou Uehara
- Department of Surgery, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Taira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sagara Hospital, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Junji Tsurutani
- Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeshita
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tsuyuki
- Department of Breast Surgery, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Kaneko
- Department of Breast Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tohru Ohtake
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Yui Hara
- Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigehira Saji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Cai M, McNamara K, Yamazaki Y, Harada N, Miyashita M, Tada H, Ishida T, Sasano H. The role of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids under the impact of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human breast lesions. Med Mol Morphol 2022; 55:110-122. [PMID: 35103835 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-022-00312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We attempted to explore the possible involvement of the in situ availability of mineralocorticoids and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the pathogenesis of mammary ductal carcinoma. We also explored their individual profiles among different subtypes of invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC-NST) by evaluating the status of MR, Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) 1/2 at each stage of the putative cascade of the mammary ductal proliferative disorders. In this study, IDC-NST, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and non-pathological breast tissues were all evaluated by immunohistochemistry. MR was significantly lower in ADH than in DCIS or IDC-NST. 11βHSD2 was significantly lower in ADH than normal breast tissue and 11βHSD1 was significantly higher in DCIS than normal, ADH, or IDC-NST. MR in progesterone receptor (PR)-positive IDC-NST cases tended to be associated with the Ki-67 labeling index. Results of the present study demonstrated that the status of MR and GR in conjunction with the 11βHSDs was correlated with the development of low-grade proliferative disorders in mammary glands. In addition, the potential crosstalk between MR and PR could also influence cell proliferation of breast carcinoma cells but further investigations are required for clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Cai
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keely McNamara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Narumi Harada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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36
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Tsuchihashi H, Ichikawa A, Takeda M, Koizumi A, Mizoguchi C, Ishida T, Kimura K. Genetic diversity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii isolated from raw milk in Hokkaido, Japan. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:2082-2093. [PMID: 34955279 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play important roles in acid production and flavor formation in fermented dairy products. Lactic acid bacteria strains with distinct characteristics confer unique features to products. Diverse LAB have been identified in raw milk and traditional fermented milk prepared from raw milk. However, little is known about LAB in raw milk in Japan. To preserve diverse LAB as potential starters or probiotics for future use, we have isolated and identified various kinds of LAB from raw milk produced in Japan. In this study, we focused on Lactobacillus delbrueckii, one of the most important species in the dairy industry. We identified L. delbrueckii subspecies isolated from raw milk in Hokkaido, Japan, by analyzing intraspecific diversity using 4 distinct methods, hsp60 cluster analysis, multilocus sequence analysis, core-genome analysis, and whole-genome analysis based on average nucleotide identity. The subspecies distribution and a new dominant subset of L. delbrueckii from raw milk in Japan were revealed. The discovery of new strains with different genotypes is important for understanding the geographic distribution and characteristics of the bacteria and further their use as a microbial resource with the potential to express unconventional flavors and functionalities. The strains identified in this study may have practical applications in the development of fermented dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsuchihashi
- Basic Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan.
| | - A Ichikawa
- Basic Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - M Takeda
- Basic Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - A Koizumi
- Basic Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - C Mizoguchi
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - T Ishida
- Basic Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - K Kimura
- Basic Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
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Abe K, Bronner C, Hayato Y, Hiraide K, Ikeda M, Imaizumi S, Kameda J, Kanemura Y, Kataoka Y, Miki S, Miura M, Moriyama S, Nagao Y, Nakahata M, Nakayama S, Okada T, Okamoto K, Orii A, Pronost G, Sekiya H, Shiozawa M, Sonoda Y, Suzuki Y, Takeda A, Takemoto Y, Takenaka A, Tanaka H, Watanabe S, Yano T, Han S, Kajita T, Okumura K, Tashiro T, Xia J, Megias G, Bravo-Berguño D, Labarga L, Marti L, Zaldivar B, Pointon B, Blaszczyk F, Kearns E, Raaf J, Stone J, Wan L, Wester T, Bian J, Griskevich N, Kropp W, Locke S, Mine S, Smy M, Sobel H, Takhistov V, Hill J, Kim J, Lim I, Park R, Bodur B, Scholberg K, Walter C, Cao S, Bernard L, Coffani A, Drapier O, El Hedri S, Giampaolo A, Gonin M, Mueller T, Paganini P, Quilain B, Ishizuka T, Nakamura T, Jang J, Learned J, Anthony L, Martin D, Scott M, Sztuc A, Uchida Y, Berardi V, Catanesi M, Radicioni E, Calabria N, Machado L, De Rosa G, Collazuol G, Iacob F, Lamoureux M, Mattiazzi M, Ospina N, Ludovici L, Maekawa Y, Nishimura Y, Friend M, Hasegawa T, Ishida T, Kobayashi T, Jakkapu M, Matsubara T, Nakadaira T, Nakamura K, Oyama Y, Sakashita K, Sekiguchi T, Tsukamoto T, Kotsar Y, Nakano Y, Ozaki H, Shiozawa T, Suzuki A, Takeuchi Y, Yamamoto S, Ali A, Ashida Y, Feng J, Hirota S, Kikawa T, Mori M, Nakaya T, Wendell R, Yasutome K, Fernandez P, McCauley N, Mehta P, Tsui K, Fukuda Y, Itow Y, Menjo H, Niwa T, Sato K, Tsukada M, Lagoda J, Lakshmi S, Mijakowski P, Zalipska J, Jiang J, Jung C, Vilela C, Wilking M, Yanagisawa C, Hagiwara K, Harada M, Horai T, Ishino H, Ito S, Kitagawa H, Koshio Y, Ma W, Piplani N, Sakai S, Barr G, Barrow D, Cook L, Goldsack A, Samani S, Wark D, Nova F, Boschi T, Di Lodovico F, Gao J, Migenda J, Taani M, Zsoldos S, Yang J, Jenkins S, Malek M, McElwee J, Stone O, Thiesse M, Thompson L, Okazawa H, Kim S, Seo J, Yu I, Nishijima K, Koshiba M, Iwamoto K, Nakagiri K, Nakajima Y, Ogawa N, Yokoyama M, Martens K, Vagins M, Kuze M, Izumiyama S, Yoshida T, Inomoto M, Ishitsuka M, Ito H, Kinoshita T, Matsumoto R, Ohta K, Shinoki M, Suganuma T, Ichikawa A, Nakamura K, Martin J, Tanaka H, Towstego T, Akutsu R, Gousy-Leblanc V, Hartz M, Konaka A, de Perio P, Prouse N, Chen S, Xu B, Zhang Y, Posiadala-Zezula M, Hadley D, O’Flaherty M, Richards B, Jamieson B, Walker J, Minamino A, Okamoto K, Pintaudi G, Sano S, Sasaki R. Diffuse supernova neutrino background search at Super-Kamiokande. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hashimoto Takigami N, Kuniyoshi S, Miki Y, Tamaki K, Kamada Y, Uehara K, Tsuchiya S, Terukina S, Iwabuchi E, Kanai A, Miyashita M, Ishida T, Tamaki N, Sasano H. Correction to: Breast cancer, diabetes mellitus and glucagon‑like peptide‑1 receptor toward exploring their possible associations. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 191:221. [PMID: 34606001 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hashimoto Takigami
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‑1 Seiryo‑machi, Aoba‑ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shimpei Kuniyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‑1 Seiryo‑machi, Aoba‑ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‑1 Seiryo‑machi, Aoba‑ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamaki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‑1 Seiryo‑machi, Aoba‑ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kamada
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kano Uehara
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Seiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Terukina
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Erina Iwabuchi
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‑1 Seiryo‑machi, Aoba‑ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ayako Kanai
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‑1 Seiryo‑machi, Aoba‑ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Tamaki
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2‑1 Seiryo‑machi, Aoba‑ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Aguila E, Basco MD, Ishida T. Gastrointestinal: Underwater selective ligation of a large duodenal Peutz-Jeghers polyp using a detachable snare. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2638. [PMID: 33601478 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ejt Aguila
- Institute of Digestive and Liver Diseases, St. Luke's Medical Center Global City, Taguig, Philippines
| | - M D Basco
- Institute of Digestive and Liver Diseases, St. Luke's Medical Center Global City, Taguig, Philippines
| | - T Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akashi Medical Center, Akashi, Hyogo, Japan
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40
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Koh SJ, Ohsumi S, Takahashi M, Fukuma E, Jung KH, Ishida T, Dai MS, Chang CH, Dalvi T, Walker G, Bennett J, O'Shaughnessy J, Balmaña J. Correction to: Prevalence of mutations in BRCA and homologous recombination repair genes and real-world standard of care of Asian patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer starting first-line systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy: subgroup analysis of the global BREAKOUT study. Breast Cancer 2021; 29:189-190. [PMID: 34562259 PMCID: PMC8732975 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Koh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, Bangeojinsunhwando-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 877, Korea.
| | - Shozo Ohsumi
- Department of Breast Oncology, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Department of Breast Surgery, NHO Hokkaido Cancer Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Kyung Hae Jung
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Judith Balmaña
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain
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Harada-Shoji N, Suzuki A, Ishida T, Zheng YF, Narikawa-Shiono Y, Sato-Tadano A, Ohta R, Ohuchi N. Evaluation of Adjunctive Ultrasonography for Breast Cancer Detection Among Women Aged 40-49 Years With Varying Breast Density Undergoing Screening Mammography: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2121505. [PMID: 34406400 PMCID: PMC8374606 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Mammography has limited accuracy in breast cancer screening. Ultrasonography, when used in conjunction with mammography screening, is helpful to detect early-stage and invasive cancers for asymptomatic women with dense and nondense breasts. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of adjunctive ultrasonography with mammography for breast cancer screening, according to differences in breast density. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study is a secondary analysis of the Japan Strategic Anti-cancer Randomized Trial. Between July 2007 and March 2011, asymptomatic women aged 40 to 49 years were enrolled in Japan. The present study used data from cases enrolled from the screening center in Miyagi prefecture during 2007 to 2020. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to undergo either mammography with ultrasonography (intervention group) or mammography alone (control group). Data analysis was performed from February to March 2020. EXPOSURES Ultrasonography adjunctive to mammography for breast cancer screening regardless of breast density. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sensitivity, specificity, recall rates, biopsy rates, and characteristics of screen-detected cancers and interval breast cancers were evaluated between study groups and for each modality according to breast density. RESULTS A total of 76 119 women were enrolled, and data for 19 213 women (mean [SD] age, 44.5 [2.8] years) from the Miyagi prefecture were analyzed; 9705 were randomized to the intervention group and 9508 were randomized to the control group. A total of 11 390 women (59.3%) had heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts. Among the overall group, 130 cancers were found. Sensitivity was significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group (93.2% [95% CI, 87.4%-99.0%] vs 66.7% [95% CI, 54.4%-78.9%]; P < .001). Similar trends were observed in women with dense breasts (sensitivity in intervention vs control groups, 93.2% [95% CI, 85.7%-100.0%] vs 70.6% [95% CI, 55.3%-85.9%]; P < .001) and nondense breasts (sensitivity in intervention vs control groups, 93.1% [95% CI, 83.9%-102.3%] vs 60.9% [95% CI, 40.9%-80.8%]; P < .001). The rate of interval cancers per 1000 screenings was lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (0.5 cancers [95% CI, 0.1-1.0 cancers] vs 2.0 cancers [95% CI, 1.1-2.9 cancers]; P = .004). Within the intervention group, the rate of invasive cancers detected by ultrasonography alone was significantly higher than that for mammography alone in both dense (82.4% [95% CI, 56.6%-96.2%] vs 41.7% [95% CI, 15.2%-72.3%]; P = .02) and nondense (85.7% [95% CI, 42.1%-99.6%] vs 25.0% [95% CI, 5.5%-57.2%]; P = .02) breasts. However, sensitivity of mammography or ultrasonography alone did not exceed 80% across all breast densities in the 2 groups. Compared with the control group, specificity was significantly lower in the intervention group (91.8% [95% CI, 91.2%-92.3%] vs 86.8% [95% CI, 86.2%-87.5%]; P < .001). Recall rates (13.8% [95% CI, 13.1%-14.5%] vs 8.6% [95% CI, 8.0%-9.1%]; P < .001) and biopsy rates (5.5% [95% CI, 5.1%-6.0%] vs 2.1% [95% CI, 1.8%-2.4%]; P < .001) were significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, screening mammography alone demonstrated low sensitivity, whereas adjunctive ultrasonography was associated with increased sensitivity. These findings suggest that adjunctive ultrasonography has the potential to improve detection of early-stage and invasive cancers across both dense and nondense breasts. Supplemental ultrasonography should be considered as an appropriate imaging modality for breast cancer screening in asymptomatic women aged 40 to 49 years regardless of breast density. TRIAL REGISTRATION NIPH Clinical Trial Identifier: UMIN000000757.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Harada-Shoji
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akihiko Suzuki
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ying-Fang Zheng
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoko Narikawa-Shiono
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiko Sato-Tadano
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rie Ohta
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ohuchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Takahashi S, Fukui T, Nomizu T, Kakugawa Y, Fujishima F, Ishida T, Ohuchi N, Ishioka C. TP53 signature diagnostic system using multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction system enables prediction of prognosis of breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:1225-1234. [PMID: 34302605 PMCID: PMC8514380 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background TP53 status based on TP53 signature, a gene expression profile to determine the presence or absence of TP53 mutation, is an independent prognostic factor of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple diagnostic system for TP53 signature status. Methods We developed a multiplex reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction system to determine TP53 status. Based on this system, prospectively collected 189 patients with stage I and II breast cancer were determined to have TP53 mutant signature or TP53 wild-type signature. The prognostic significance of the TP53 signature by the diagnostic system was analyzed. Results The diagnostic accuracy of TP53 status and reproducibility of this diagnosis system was confirmed. Using the diagnostic system, 89 patients were classified as TP53 mutant signature and the remaining 100 cases were classified as TP53 wild-type signature. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) among patients with TP53 mutant signature was significantly shorter than that among those with TP53 wild-type signature. On univariate and multivariate analyses, the TP53 signature status was an independent predictor of RFS. RFS among patients with TP53 mutant signature was significantly shorter than that among those with TP53 wild-type signature in a cohort of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Although a difference was not significant, no recurrent cases was observed in TP53 wild-type signature group in triple negative breast cancer. Conclusion This simple and precise diagnostic system to determine TP53 signature status may help in prognostic assessment, therapeutic decision-making, and treatment optimization in patients with breast cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12282-021-01250-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-1, Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Fukui
- Biomedical Business Division, FALCO Biosystems Ltd., 346, Shimizu-cho Nijoagaru Kawaramachi-dori, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nomizu
- Department of Surgery, Hoshi General Hospital, 159-1, Mukaigawaramachi, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kakugawa
- Department of Breast Oncology, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, 47-1, Nodayama, Shiote, Medeshima, Natori, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Sendai Hospital, 2-43-3, Yagiyama hon-cho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fumisyoshi Fujishima
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ohuchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chikashi Ishioka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-1, Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
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Hashimoto Takigami N, Kuniyoshi S, Miki Y, Tamaki K, Kamada Y, Uehara K, Tsuchiya S, Terukina S, Iwabuchi E, Kanai A, Miyashita M, Ishida T, Tamaki N, Sasano H. Breast Cancer, Diabetes Mellitus and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Toward Exploring Their Possible Associations. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:39-48. [PMID: 34213657 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has been one of the well known risk factors of breast cancer (BC) development and also associated with adverse clinical outcomes of BC patients. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have been used as antidiabetic therapeutic agents and recent epidemiological studies have reported their use to be correlated with increased BC risks. However, biological or pathological details have remained unknown. Therefore, in this study, we examined the status of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in BC with and without DM and correlated the findings with the clinicopathological factors of the patients to explore the possible involvement of GLP-1 in BC pathology. METHODS We immunolocalized GLP-1R in cancer and adjacent non-pathological breast tissues in BC patients with DM (125 cases) and without DM (58 cases). We then compared the status of GLP-1R with that of fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) and disease free survival (DFS) of the patients and also between cancerous and non-pathological breast tissues. RESULTS GLP-1R immunoreactivity was significantly higher (p = 0.044) in the patients with DM than without in carcinoma tissues. However, this was detected only in invasive carcinoma (p < 0.01) and not in non-invasive carcinoma nor non-pathological mammary glands. FGF7 was significantly correlated with the status of GLP-1R in BC (p = 0.045). In addition, in ER positive BC cases, those with GLP-1R positive status tended to have higher Ki-67 LI of more than 14% (p = 0.070). CONCLUSION These findings all demonstrated the possible association between GLP-1R status and biological features of BC, especially of invasive BC in DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hashimoto Takigami
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shimpei Kuniyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamaki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kamada
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kano Uehara
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Seiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Terukina
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Erina Iwabuchi
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ayako Kanai
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Tamaki
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Nahanishi Clinic, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Xu J, Iwabuchi E, Miki Y, Kanai A, Ishida T, Sasano H. Abstract 724: FE65 in breast cancer patients and its clinicopathological significance. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
FE65 is well known to bind with amyloid precursor protein (APP), translocate FE65-APP complex into nucleus and modulate gene transcription. APP was reported to be closely associated with breast cancer progression but clinical significance of FE65 has remained virtually unknow. We first studied 88 surgical pathology specimens with their clinicopathological factors. Results showed nuclear FE65 immunoreactivity was significant positively correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) status (P=0.054) and inversely with histological grade of the patients(P=0.038). We then analyzed 145 ER positive cases which include 44 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) cases and 101 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cases. The number of FE65 positive carcinoma cells was significantly higher in IDC than DCIS (P=0.0395). We then performed in vitro wound healing assay, which demonstrated that FE65 knock-down cells migrated slower than control groups (P=0.0495). FE65 formed the complex with APP and in order to further elucidate their detailed intracellular binding status, proximity ligation assay (PLA) was employed. Binding of APP and FE65 was detected in the cytoplasm with that of ER and FE65 in the nucleus. These results demonstrated that FE65 first bound to APP in the cytoplasm and was then released into the nucleus after phosphorylation of APP. This released FE65 in the nuclei could interact with ER to promote cell migration. Based on those results above, we then conducted the WST-8 assay to further elucidate the possible involvement of FE65 in cell survival. FE65 influenced response of tamoxifen in breast carcinoma cells, and the survival rate of those knocked down by FE65 siRNA was significantly higher than that of the control siRNA group(P=0.0039), indicating that FE65 could contribute to increase the sensitivity of tamoxifen action.In summary, FE65 was demonstrated to stimulate cell proliferation and migration, possibly as a result of the interaction of FE65 with APP in the cytoplasm and ER in the nuclei. In addition, FE65 could enhance the actions of tamoxifen by increasing ER expression and subsequent availability of its binding to ER.
Citation Format: Junyao Xu, Erina Iwabuchi, Yasuhiro Miki, Ayako Kanai, Takanori Ishida, Hironobu Sasano. FE65 in breast cancer patients and its clinicopathological significance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 724.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Xu
- Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Ayako Kanai
- Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
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Ohta Y, Matsuzawa H, Yamamoto K, Enchi Y, Kobayashi T, Ishida T. Development of retake support system for lateral knee radiographs by using deep convolutional neural network. Radiography (Lond) 2021; 27:1110-1117. [PMID: 34092495 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lateral radiography of the knee joint is frequently performed; however, the retake rate is high owing to positioning errors. Therefore, in this study, to reduce the required number and time of image retakes, we developed a system that can classify the tilting directions of lateral knee radiographs and evaluated the accuracy of the proposed method. METHODS Using our system, the tilting directions of a lateral knee radiographs were classified into four direction categories. The system was developed by training the DCNN based on 50 cases of Raysum images and tested on three types test dataset; ten more cases of Raysum images, one case of flexed knee joint phantom images and 14 rejected knee joint radiographs. To train a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), we employed Raysum images created via three-dimensional (3D) X-ray computed tomography (CT); 11 520 Raysum images were created from 60 cases of 3D CT data by changing the projection angles. Thereby, we obtained pseudo images attached with correct labels that are essential for training. RESULTS The overall accuracy on each test dataset was 88.5 ± 7.0% (mean ± standard deviation), 81.4 ± 11.2%, and 73.3 ± 9.2%. The larger the tilting degree of the knee joint, the higher the classification accuracy. CONCLUSION DCNN could classify the tilting directions of a knee joint from lateral knee radiographs. Using Raysum images made it possible to facilitate creating dataset for training DCNN. The possibility was indicated for using support system of lateral knee radiographs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The system may also reduce the burden on patients and increase the work efficiency of radiological technologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohta
- MedCity21, Division of Premier Preventive Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, Abeno Harukasu 21F, Abenosuji 1-1-43, Abeno-ku Osaka, Osaka 545-8545, Japan
| | - H Matsuzawa
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Hospital, Yamadaoka 2-15, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Enchi
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Hospital, Yamadaoka 2-15, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Ishida
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Iwabuchi E, Miki Y, Ito K, Ishida T, Sasano H. Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K Is Involved in the Estrogen-Signaling Pathway. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8089172 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) has been found in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. It is implicated in chromatin remodeling, transcription, splicing, and translation processes. Although hnRNPK has reportedly been associated with poor prognosis in colon cancer patients, it is beneficial in gastric cancer as it inhibits cancer cell proliferation. Expression of hnRNPK in ER (Estrogen receptor) -positive/PR (Progesterone receptor) -positive breast cancer was higher than other subtypes; however, the biological functions of hnRNPK in the ER-mediated signaling pathway have not been identified. In this study, we investigated the functions of hnRNPK in the estrogen-signaling pathway. We initially evaluated hnRNPK expression upon treatment with estradiol (E2) and ICI 182,780 in ERα-positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7. This initial evaluation revealed that expression of hnRNPK was increased by E2 treatment but decreased by ICI 182,780 treatment. We further evaluated the effects of estrogen-signaling pathway in hnRNPK knockdown MCF-7 cells using siRNA, which revealed that hnRNPK knockdown decreased ERα expressions and ERα target gene TFF1 by E2 treatment. In addition, we examined the interaction between hnRNPK and ERα because hnRNPK has been reported to interact with several other proteins. These interactions were detected using immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay. We then immunolocalized hnRNPK in breast cancer and endometrial cancer. hnRNPK expression was significantly higher in ERα-positive cancer cells in both breast and endometrial cancers. In contrast, hnRNPK expression was significantly lower in Ki-67-positive breast cancer while being significantly higher in Ki-67-positive endometrial cancer. hnRNPK has been found to function differently, depending on the type of cancer (breast or endometrial) that it is expressed in. However, further studies are required to clarify the clinical significance of hnRNPK in breast and endometrial cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Iwabuchi
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDes), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ito
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDes), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Ishida T, Morisawa S, Iizuka M, Fujita H, Jobu K, Morita Y, Miyamura M. Juzentaihoto extract suppresses adipocyte hypertrophy and improves hyperglycemia in KKAy mice. Pharmazie 2021; 75:191-194. [PMID: 32393426 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2020.9950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Juzentaihoto is a herbal medicine with reported anti-inflammatory effects, and it is predicted to improve inflammation and insulin sensitivity within obesity. In the present study, juzentaihoto hot water extract (JTT) was administered to obese type 2 diabetic model mice (KKAy) for 56 days. In addition, the effects of JTT on the adipose tissue, glucose metabolism, and blood lipids were evaluated for examining its impact on insulin sensitivity and obesity. As a result of JTT administration, KKAy mice exhibited suppressed adipocyte hypertrophy, decreased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor α, and increased the mRNA levels of adiponectin in epididymal fat tissue. In addition, fasting blood glucose levels, blood triglyceride, and total cholesterol decreased. In summary, these data indicated that JTT administration suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines and increased adiponectin levels in the adipose tissue. Therefore, with improved insulin sensitivity, blood glucose, and lipid decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ishida
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kohasu Kochi, Japan; Department of Biomedical Science, Kochi Medical Graduate School, Kohasu Kochi, Japan;,
| | - S Morisawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kohasu Kochi, Japan; Department of Biomedical Science, Kochi Medical Graduate School, Kohasu Kochi, Japan
| | - M Iizuka
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kochi Medical Graduate School, Kohasu Kochi, Japan
| | - H Fujita
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kochi Medical Graduate School, Kohasu Kochi, Japan
| | - K Jobu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kochi Medical Graduate School, Kohasu Kochi, Japan
| | - Y Morita
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kochi Medical Graduate School, Kohasu Kochi, Japan
| | - M Miyamura
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kohasu Kochi, Japan; Department of Biomedical Science, Kochi Medical Graduate School, Kohasu Kochi, Japan
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Une N, Takano-Kasuya M, Kitamura N, Ohta M, Inose T, Kato C, Nishimura R, Tada H, Miyagi S, Ishida T, Unno M, Kamei T, Gonda K. The anti-angiogenic agent lenvatinib induces tumor vessel normalization and enhances radiosensitivity in hepatocellular tumors. Med Oncol 2021; 38:60. [PMID: 33881631 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of angiogenesis inhibitors requires the analysis of the precise structure and function of tumor vessels. The anti-angiogenic agents lenvatinib and sorafenib are multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors that have been approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the different effects on tumor vasculature between lenvatinib and sorafenib are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the effects of both drugs on vascular structure and function, including vascular normalization, and investigated whether the normalization had a positive effect on a combination therapy with the drugs and radiation using micro X-ray computed tomography with gold nanoparticles as a contrast agent, as well as immunohistochemical analysis and interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) measurement. In mice subcutaneously transplanted with mouse HCC cells, treatment with lenvatinib or sorafenib for 14 days inhibited tumor growth and reduced the tumor vessel volume density. However, analysis of integrated data on vessel density, rates of pericyte-covering and perfused vessels, tumor hypoxia, and IFP measured 4 days after drug treatment showed that treatment with 3 mg/kg of lenvatinib significantly reduced the microvessel density and normalized tumor vessels compared to treatment with 50 mg/kg of sorafenib. These results showed that lenvatinib induced vascular normalization and improved the intratumoral microenvironment in HCC tumors earlier and more effectively than sorafenib. Moreover, such changes increased the radiosensitivity of tumors and enhanced the effect of lenvatinib and radiation combination therapy, suggesting that this combination therapy is a powerful potential application against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Une
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mayumi Takano-Kasuya
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Narufumi Kitamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mineto Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tomoya Inose
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kato
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shigehito Miyagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Gonda
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
- International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart (SRIS), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
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Sato Y, Shigeta K, Hirasawa T, Sato T, Ogura J, Maekawa M, Ebata A, Hamanaka Y, Tada H, Ishida T, Kikuchi M, Mano N. Establishment of an analytical method for simultaneous quantitation of CDK4/6 inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors, and an estrogen receptor antagonist in human plasma using LC-ESI-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1173:122655. [PMID: 33831689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors (palbociclib, abemaciclib, and ribociclib) are used to treat human epithelial growth factor receptor (HER)-2 negative and hormone receptor (HR) positive advanced breast cancer in combination with aromatase inhibitors (letrozole, anastrozole) or an estrogen receptor antagonist (fulvestrant). Administration of these drugs frequently causes severe side effects, such as neutropenia and diarrhea. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of CDK4/6 inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors, and the estrogen receptor antagonist is considered important for ensuring the efficacy and safety of these drugs. In this study, we describe a simple, highly sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantitation of the concentrations of palbociclib, abemaciclib, ribociclib, letrozole, anastrozole, and fulvestrant. In addition, we analyzed plasma samples from patients with HER2-negative and HR-positive advanced breast cancer treated with these compounds using this novel method. In our method, the intra-assay relative error (RE) values ranged from -12.8% to 12.9%, the inter-assay RE values ranged from -4.8% to 6.2%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) values for intra- and inter-assay were ≤8.6% and ≤13.3%, respectively. The analytes showed good stability with RE values ranging from -13.5% to 13.6% and CV values <10.4%. Moreover, all the samples from patients were successfully quantified, and were within the range of measurement. This method can be used for TDM of routine anticancer drugs in clinical practice and for pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics research in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Shigeta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Tensei Hirasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Jiro Ogura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Akiko Ebata
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Yohei Hamanaka
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Kato E, Mori N, Mugikura S, Sato S, Ishida T, Takase K. Value of ultrafast and standard dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the presence and extension of residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Jpn J Radiol 2021; 39:791-801. [PMID: 33743147 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-021-01110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrafast and standard dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI in evaluating the residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-seven consecutive patients underwent MRI after NAC. Visual analysis of enhancement was performed on ultrafast and standard DCE-MRI, and compared between no residual disease and residual disease groups. The lesion diameters measured on the last phase of ultrafast DCE-MRI and early and delayed phases of standard DCE-MRI were compared with pathological diameter of entire residual cancer and residual invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). RESULTS The visual analysis in the delayed phase of standard DCE-MRI exhibited the highest sensitivity (90%), whereas ultrafast DCE-MRI revealed the highest positive predictive value (92%). There were no significant differences between the diameters in the delayed phase of the standard DCE-MRI and the pathological entire residual cancer (p = 0.97), and the diameters in ultrafast DCE-MRI and the pathological residual IDC (p = 0.97). CONCLUSION The delayed phase of standard DCE-MRI may be effective for detecting the residual disease and evaluating the extension of entire residual cancer. Enhancement in ultrafast DCE-MRI may be strongly suggestive of the presence of residual disease, and effective for evaluating the extension of residual IDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Kato
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo 1-1, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Naoko Mori
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo 1-1, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Shunji Mugikura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo 1-1, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Image Statistics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Seiryo 2-1, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Satoko Sato
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo 1-1, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo 1-1, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kei Takase
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo 1-1, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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