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Abramczyk H, Surmacki JM, Kopeć M. A Novel HER2 Protein Identification Methodology in Breast Cancer Cells Using Raman Spectroscopy and Raman Imaging: An Analytical Validation Study. J Med Chem 2024; 67:17629-17639. [PMID: 39305290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Conventional assays such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) used in clinical procedures for quantification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status in breast cancer have many limitations. In the current study, we have used HER2 expression in a broad range of breast cancer phenotypes to explore the potential utility of a novel immunodetection technique using Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging combined with artificial intelligence models. The correlations between the Raman method and conventional HER2 testing methodologies (IHC and ISH) have been tested. Raman measurements showed a strong linear correlation (p = 0.05, R2=0,9816) with IHC analysis in the studied breast cell lines: MCF-10A, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HTB-30 (SK-BR-3), and AU-565 represent normal, nontumorigenic epithelial cells, triple-positive breast carcinoma, and triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Analytic testing of Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging demonstrated that this method may offer advantages over the currently used diagnostic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Abramczyk
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Maciej Surmacki
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Kopeć
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590Lodz, Poland
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Zheng S, Chen R, Zhang L, Tan L, Li L, Long F, Wang T. Unraveling the future: Innovative design strategies and emerging challenges in HER2-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116702. [PMID: 39059182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a transmembrane receptor-like protein with tyrosine kinase activity that plays a vital role in processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis. The degree of malignancy of different cancers, notably breast cancer, is strongly associated with HER2 amplification, overexpression, and mutation. Currently, widely used clinical HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as lapatinib and neratinib, have several drawbacks, including susceptibility to drug resistance caused by HER2 mutations and adverse effects from insufficient HER2 selectivity. To address these issues, it is essential to create innovative HER2 TKIs with enhanced safety, effectiveness against mutations, and high selectivity. Typically, SPH5030 has advanced to phase I clinical trials for its strong suppression of four HER2 mutations. This review discusses the latest research progress in HER2 TKIs, with a focus on the structural optimization process and structure-activity relationship analysis. In particular, this study highlights promising design strategies to address these challenges, providing insightful information and inspiration for future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixiang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruixian Chen
- Department of Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lun Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lintao Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Fangyi Long
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610032, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Sanwick AM, Chaple IF. Targeted radionuclide therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1445191. [PMID: 39239273 PMCID: PMC11374632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1445191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a type of head and neck cancer that is aggressive, difficult to treat, and often associated with poor prognosis. HNSCC is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, highlighting the need to develop novel treatments for this disease. The current standard of care for HNSCC usually involves a combination of surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is notorious for its detrimental side effects including nausea, fatigue, hair loss, and more. Radiation therapy can be a challenge due to the anatomy of the head and neck area and presence of normal tissues. In addition to the drawbacks of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, high morbidity and mortality rates for HNSCC highlight the urgent need for alternative treatment options. Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a possible treatment option for cancers including HNSCC, in which monoclonal antibodies are used to help the immune system fight disease. Combining monoclonal antibodies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, such as cetuximab and pembrolizumab, with radiotherapy or platinum-based chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic HNSCC is an accepted first-line therapy. Targeted radionuclide therapy can potentially be used in conjunction with the first-line therapy, or as an additional treatment option, to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Epidermal growth factor receptor is a known molecular target for HNSCC; however, other targets such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 3, programmed cell death protein 1, and programmed death-ligand 1 are emerging molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC. To develop successful radiopharmaceuticals, it is imperative to first understand the molecular biology of the disease of interest. For cancer, this understanding often means detection and characterization of molecular targets, such as cell surface receptors, that can be used as sensitive targeting agents. The goal of this review article is to explore molecular targets for HNSCC and dissect previously conducted research in nuclear medicine and provide a possible path forward for the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals used in targeted radionuclide therapy for HNSCC, which has been underexplored to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Sanwick
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Ivis F Chaple
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Nipper AJ, Warren EAK, Liao KS, Liu HC, Michikawa C, Porter CE, Wells GA, Villanueva M, Brasil da Costa FH, Veeramachaneni R, Villanueva H, Suzuki M, Sikora AG. Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane as a Platform for Assessing the In Vivo Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy in Solid Tumors. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:598-605. [PMID: 39225630 PMCID: PMC11374747 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The fertilized chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), a highly vascularized membrane nourishing the developing embryo, also supports rapid growth of three-dimensional vascularized tumors from engrafted cells and tumor explants. Because murine xenograft models suffer limitations of time, cost, and scalability, we propose CAM tumors as a rapid, efficient screening tool for assessing anti-tumor efficacy of chimeric Ag receptor (CAR) T cells against solid tumors. We tested the efficacy of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-specific CAR T cells against luminescent, HER2-expressing (FaDu, SCC-47) or HER2-negative (MDA-MB-468) CAM-engrafted tumors. Three days after tumor engraftment, HER2-specific CAR T cells were applied to tumors grown on the CAM. Four days post-CAR T cell treatment, HER2-expressing FaDu and SCC-47 tumors treated with CAR T showed reduced viable cancer cells as assessed by luciferase activity. This reduction in viable tumor cells was confirmed by histology, with lower Ki-67 staining observed in CAR T cell-treated tumors relative to T cell-treated controls. Persistence of CAR T in CAM and tumor tissue 4 days post-treatment was confirmed by CD3 staining. Altogether, our findings support further development of the chick CAM as an in vivo system for rapid, scalable screening of CAR T cell efficacy against human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Nipper
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Emilie A K Warren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kershena S Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hsuan-Chen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Chieko Michikawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Caroline E Porter
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Mariana Villanueva
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Ratna Veeramachaneni
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hugo Villanueva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Masataka Suzuki
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Sinha S, Choudhury S, Mishra J, Kundu G, Bera MK, Mondol PP. A study on immunohistochemical expression of HER2/Neu and p63 and its association with grade and invasiveness in case of bladder carcinoma. Urologia 2024; 91:284-288. [PMID: 38390685 DOI: 10.1177/03915603241229764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder cancer is a global disease, ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer. The incidence and prevalence increase with age. Grade and aggressiveness have been found to be related with different genetic expression and mutation. AIMS To evaluate any relation of grade and invasiveness of urothelial cancer with varied expression of immune histochemical marker p63 and her2/neu. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was a hospital based prospective cross-sectional study. This Study was conducted from July 2021 to April 2023 in the Urology department of a tertiary care hospital. Total 90 patients undergoing trans urethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) were included in this study. RESULT It was found that, patients who had decreased p63 expression had high grade in tumours (93.1%) compared to patients who were expressing normal p63 (32.8%) and this was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Tumours with decreased p63 also appeared to be more invasive, 62.1% were found to be muscle invasive. Tumours with her2 neu expression found to be more aggressive in nature, 85.7% had high grade features and 53.6% were muscle invasive. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that immunohistochemical expression of HER2/neu positive and decreased p63 expression were associated with high grade and invasiveness in case of bladder carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Sinha
- Department of Urology, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sunirmal Choudhury
- Department of Urology, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jagamohan Mishra
- Department of Urology, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Gourab Kundu
- Department of Urology, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Malay Kumar Bera
- Department of Urology, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Diamantopoulou S, Yapijakis C, Papakosta V, Ebeling M, Lazaris AC, Derka S, Vylliotis A, Diamantopoulos P, Vairaktari G, Vassiliou S. EGFR and HER-2 oncogenes expression in an experimental model of two-stage chemically induced carcinogenesis in mouse skin. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2024; 52:413-419. [PMID: 38443188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of EGFR and HER-2 oncogenes using an experimental two stage chemically induced carcinogenesis protocol on the dorsal skin in FVB/N mice. Forty female FVB/N mice 4 weeks old, were grouped into one control (n = 8) and two experimental groups (Group A: n = 16, Group B: n = 16) following a randomization process. Two-stage carcinogenesis protocol, was implicated, including an initial treatment with 97.4 nmol DMBA on their shaved dorsal skin and subsequent treatments of 32.4 nmol TPA applications after 13 weeks for Group A and after 20 weeks for Group B. The control group C, received no treatment. Skin was examined weekly for tumor development. Post-experiment, animals were euthanized for tissue analysis. The histological status of the skin lesions in the experimental groups corresponded well with tumour advancement (from dysplasia to poorly-differentiated carcinoma). Tumour sections were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically. EGFR expression was found significantly higher in precancerous and malignant tumours (p = 042 and p = 008 respectively), while tended to be higher in benign tumours (p = 079), compared to normal histology. Moreover, mean percentage of EGFR positive expression in malignant tumours was significantly higher than in benign tumours (p < 001). HER-2 expression was found significantly higher in precancerous and malignant tumours (p = 042 and p = 015 respectively), while tended to be higher in benign tumours (p = 085), compared to normal histology. Furthermore, mean percentage of HER-2 positive expression in malignant tumours was significantly higher than in benign tumours (p = 005). The study demonstrated that in FVB/N mice subjected to a two-stage chemically induced carcinogenesis protocol, there was a significant increase in the expression of EGFR and HER-2 oncogenes in precancerous and malignant skin lesions compared to normal tissue. This suggests a potentially early role of these oncogenes in the progression of skin tumours in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Diamantopoulou
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Veronica Papakosta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marcel Ebeling
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridoula Derka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Vylliotis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Diagnostic and Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, BiocLab, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Diamantopoulos
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Savvas Anticancer- Oncologic Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vairaktari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Vassiliou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Nützinger J, Bum Lee J, Li Low J, Ling Chia P, Talisa Wijaya S, Chul Cho B, Min Lim S, Soo RA. Management of HER2 alterations in non-small cell lung cancer - The past, present, and future. Lung Cancer 2023; 186:107385. [PMID: 37813015 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
HER2 mutations, which account for 2-4% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), are distinct molecular alterations identified via next generation sequencing (NGS). Previously, treatment outcomes in HER2-mutant metastatic NSCLC were dismal, showing limited clinical benefit with platinum-based chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy. In contrast to HER2-altered breast and gastric cancer, HER2-mutant NSCLC does not benefit from HER2 targeting agents such as trastuzumab or TDM1. HER2 mutations are also inherently different from HER2 overexpression and amplification. Currently, trastuzumab deruxtecan, a HER2 targeting antibody drug conjugate (ADC) is the first and only approved treatment option for patients with HER2-mutant metastatic NSCLC after failure with standard treatment. In this review, we summarized the biology of HER2 and detection of HER2 overexpression, amplification and mutations, as well as general landscape of landmark and ongoing clinical trials encompassing from chemotherapy to targeted agents, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), ADCs and investigational agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorn Nützinger
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - Jii Bum Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jia Li Low
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - Puey Ling Chia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ross A Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore.
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Chikileva IO, Bruter AV, Persiyantseva NA, Zamkova MA, Vlasenko RY, Dolzhikova YI, Shubina IZ, Donenko FV, Lebedinskaya OV, Sokolova DV, Pokrovsky VS, Fedorova PO, Ustyuzhanina NE, Anisimova NY, Nifantiev NE, Kiselevskiy MV. Anti-Cancer Potential of Transiently Transfected HER2-Specific Human Mixed CAR-T and NK Cell Populations in Experimental Models: Initial Studies on Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Usage for Safer Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2563. [PMID: 37761005 PMCID: PMC10526813 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in numerous cancer cell types. Therapeutic antibodies and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) against HER2 were developed to treat human tumors. The major limitation of anti-HER2 CAR-T lymphocyte therapy is attributable to the low HER2 expression in a wide range of normal tissues. Thus, side effects are caused by CAR lymphocyte "on-target off-tumor" reactions. We aimed to develop safer HER2-targeting CAR-based therapy. CAR constructs against HER2 tumor-associated antigen (TAA) for transient expression were delivered into target T and natural killer (NK) cells by an effective and safe non-viral transfection method via nucleofection, excluding the risk of mutations associated with viral transduction. Different in vitro end-point and real-time assays of the CAR lymphocyte antitumor cytotoxicity and in vivo human HER2-positive tumor xenograft mice model proved potent cytotoxic activity of the generated CAR-T-NK cells. Our data suggest transient expression of anti-HER2 CARs in plasmid vectors by human lymphocytes as a safer treatment for HER2-positive human cancers. We also conducted preliminary investigations to elucidate if fucosylated chondroitin sulfate may be used as a possible agent to decrease excessive cytokine production without negative impact on the CAR lymphocyte antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina O. Chikileva
- Research Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (R.Y.V.); (Y.I.D.); (I.Z.S.); (F.V.D.); (D.V.S.); (V.S.P.); (P.O.F.); (N.Y.A.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Alexandra V. Bruter
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nadezhda A. Persiyantseva
- Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.P.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Maria A. Zamkova
- Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.P.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Raimonda Ya. Vlasenko
- Research Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (R.Y.V.); (Y.I.D.); (I.Z.S.); (F.V.D.); (D.V.S.); (V.S.P.); (P.O.F.); (N.Y.A.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Yuliya I. Dolzhikova
- Research Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (R.Y.V.); (Y.I.D.); (I.Z.S.); (F.V.D.); (D.V.S.); (V.S.P.); (P.O.F.); (N.Y.A.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Irina Zh. Shubina
- Research Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (R.Y.V.); (Y.I.D.); (I.Z.S.); (F.V.D.); (D.V.S.); (V.S.P.); (P.O.F.); (N.Y.A.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Fedor V. Donenko
- Research Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (R.Y.V.); (Y.I.D.); (I.Z.S.); (F.V.D.); (D.V.S.); (V.S.P.); (P.O.F.); (N.Y.A.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Olga V. Lebedinskaya
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, EA Vagner Perm State Medical University, 614000 Perm, Russia;
| | - Darina V. Sokolova
- Research Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (R.Y.V.); (Y.I.D.); (I.Z.S.); (F.V.D.); (D.V.S.); (V.S.P.); (P.O.F.); (N.Y.A.); (M.V.K.)
- Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- Research Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (R.Y.V.); (Y.I.D.); (I.Z.S.); (F.V.D.); (D.V.S.); (V.S.P.); (P.O.F.); (N.Y.A.); (M.V.K.)
- Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina O. Fedorova
- Research Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (R.Y.V.); (Y.I.D.); (I.Z.S.); (F.V.D.); (D.V.S.); (V.S.P.); (P.O.F.); (N.Y.A.); (M.V.K.)
- Microbiology, Virology and Immunology Department, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
- II Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Natalia Yu. Anisimova
- Research Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (R.Y.V.); (Y.I.D.); (I.Z.S.); (F.V.D.); (D.V.S.); (V.S.P.); (P.O.F.); (N.Y.A.); (M.V.K.)
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- ND Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mikhail V. Kiselevskiy
- Research Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (R.Y.V.); (Y.I.D.); (I.Z.S.); (F.V.D.); (D.V.S.); (V.S.P.); (P.O.F.); (N.Y.A.); (M.V.K.)
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Cavallaro PA, De Santo M, Belsito EL, Longobucco C, Curcio M, Morelli C, Pasqua L, Leggio A. Peptides Targeting HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells and Applications in Tumor Imaging and Delivery of Chemotherapeutics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2476. [PMID: 37686984 PMCID: PMC10490457 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer represents the most common cancer type and one of the major leading causes of death in the female worldwide population. Overexpression of HER2, a transmembrane glycoprotein related to the epidermal growth factor receptor, results in a biologically and clinically aggressive breast cancer subtype. It is also the primary driver for tumor detection and progression and, in addition to being an important prognostic factor in women diagnosed with breast cancer, HER2 is a widely known therapeutic target for drug development. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of the main approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer proposed in the literature over the past decade. We focused on the different targeting strategies involving antibodies and peptides that have been explored with their relative outcomes and current limitations that need to be improved. The review also encompasses a discussion on targeted peptides acting as probes for molecular imaging. By using different types of HER2-targeting strategies, nanotechnology promises to overcome some of the current clinical challenges by developing novel HER2-guided nanosystems suitable as powerful tools in breast cancer imaging, targeting, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmira Alessia Cavallaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Marzia De Santo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Emilia Lucia Belsito
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Camilla Longobucco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Luigi Pasqua
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
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10
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Zhou D, Li M, Yasin MH, Lu Q, Fu J, Jiang K, Hong R, Wang S, Xu F. The prognostic value and immune microenvironment association of AR in HER2+ nonmetastatic breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:30. [PMID: 37085500 PMCID: PMC10121570 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of AR in HER2+ nonmetastatic breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and its relationship with the immune microenvironment. HER2+ nonmetastatic breast IDC patients diagnosed by pathology who underwent surgery at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from 2016 to 2017 were included. AR+ and AR- breast IDC samples were matched 1:1 in age, T stage, and N stage for immune infiltration analysis. A total of 554 patients with HER2+ nonmetastatic breast cancer were included in this retrospective study, regardless of HR status. The cut-off value for AR was set at 10%. ER+ (p < 0.001) and PR+ (p < 0.001) were associated with positive AR expression. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis suggested that AR was closely correlated with overall survival (OS) (p = 0.001) but not disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.051). After eliminating the potential impact caused by HR, AR also predicted longer OS (p = 0.014) and was an independent predictive factor for OS of HER2+HR- nonmetastatic breast IDC patients, as revealed by multivariate analysis (p = 0.036). For AR+ and AR- matched HER2+HR- patients, TILs (p = 0.043) and PD-L1 (p = 0.027) levels were significantly lower in AR+ patients. The strongest negative correlation was observed between AR and PD-L1 (Pearson's r = -0.299, p = 0.001). AR+ status was markedly related to better OS in HER2+HR- nonmetastatic breast cancer patients, while a negative correlation was observed between AR and PD-L1/TILs. We provide new insights into the prognostic value of AR and its association with the immune microenvironment to optimize treatment strategies in HER2+ nonmetastatic breast IDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Mohamed Hussein Yasin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyi Lu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Kuikui Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxi Hong
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Ma C, Wang X, Guo J, Yang B, Li Y. Challenges and future of HER2-positive gastric cancer therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1080990. [PMID: 36793592 PMCID: PMC9924067 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1080990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, and the treatment of advanced gastric cancer has relatively little progress. With the continuous development of molecularly targeted therapy for tumors, it has been discovered that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) contributes to the poor prognosis and pathogenesis of various cancers. In order to treat HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer, Trastuzumab has emerged as the first first-line targeted medication used in conjunction with chemotherapy. The consequent trastuzumab resistance has become an important issue, and various new HER2-targeted gastric cancer drugs are emerging to address this challenge. This review's primary concern is the drug mechanism of various HER2-positive gastric cancer targeted therapy and fresh techniques of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhe Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiwu Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yumin Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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12
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Najjar MK, Manore SG, Regua AT, Lo HW. Antibody-Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2065. [PMID: 36360302 PMCID: PMC9691220 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in 20-30% of breast cancers and is associated with poor prognosis and worse overall patient survival. Most women with HER2-positive breast cancer receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus HER2-targeted therapies. The development of HER2-directed therapeutics is an important advancement in targeting invasive breast cancer. Despite the efficacy of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies, they are still being combined with adjuvant chemotherapy to improve overall patient outcomes. Recently, significant progress has been made towards the development of a class of therapeutics known as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), which leverage the high specificity of HER2-targeted monoclonal antibodies with the potent cytotoxic effects of various small molecules, such as tubulin inhibitors and topoisomerase inhibitors. To date, two HER2-targeting ADCs have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer: Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1; Kadcyla®) and fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki (T-Dxd; Enhertu®). Kadcyla and Enhertu are approved for use as a second-line treatment after trastuzumab-taxane-based therapy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. The success of ADCs in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer provides novel therapeutic advancements in the management of the disease. In this review, we discuss the basic biology of HER2, its downstream signaling pathways, currently available anti-HER2 therapeutic modalities and their mechanisms of action, and the latest clinical and safety characteristics of ADCs used for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana K. Najjar
- Wake Forest Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Sara G. Manore
- Wake Forest Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Angelina T. Regua
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, MSE R162, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, MSE R162, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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13
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Dias e Silva D, Andriatte GM, Pestana RC. Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Tissue-Agnostic Drug Development. Cancer J 2022; 28:462-468. [DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Kim M, Seo AN. Molecular Pathology of Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2022; 22:273-305. [PMID: 36316106 PMCID: PMC9633931 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2022.22.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common lethal malignant neoplasms worldwide, with limited treatment options for both locally advanced and/or metastatic conditions, resulting in a dismal prognosis. Although the widely used morphological classifications may be helpful for endoscopic or surgical treatment choices, they are still insufficient to guide precise and/or personalized therapy for individual patients. Recent advances in genomic technology and high-throughput analysis may improve the understanding of molecular pathways associated with GC pathogenesis and aid in the classification of GC at the molecular level. Advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled the identification of several genetic alterations through single experiments. Thus, understanding the driver alterations involved in gastric carcinogenesis has become increasingly important because it can aid in the discovery of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this article, we review the molecular classifications of GC, focusing on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification. We further describe the currently available biomarker-targeted therapies and potential biomarker-guided therapies. This review will help clinicians by providing an inclusive understanding of the molecular pathology of GC and may assist in selecting the best treatment approaches for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonsik Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - An Na Seo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
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15
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Pinto D, Schmitt FC. Immunohistochemistry Applied to Breast Cytological Material. Pathobiology 2022; 89:343-358. [PMID: 35367980 DOI: 10.1159/000522542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) of the breast are minimally invasive procedures enabling the diagnosis of suspicious breast lesions. Unfortunately, they are often perceived as inferior to core-needle biopsies, namely because they are supposedly unable to differentiate between high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma or provide material for ancillary testing. Several studies have shown, however, that FNAB samples, when handled properly, are indeed capable of providing sufficient and adequate material for ancillary testing, namely immunocytochemistry (ICC). We reviewed the published literature regarding the use of ICC for both diagnostic and theranostic uses in the different types of cytological samples obtained from FNABs of the breast, including smears, liquid-based cytology samples, and cellblocks. We found that p63 and 34βE12 show promise in aiding in the differential diagnosis between in situ and invasive lesions and that most other diagnostic markers may be used as in tissue. Regarding theranostic ICC markers, results vary between publications, but with care, these can successfully be performed in cytological samples. Air-dried smears should be avoided, and cellblocks are overall more versatile than cytology slides, enabling the evaluation of not only hormonal receptors and HER2 by ICC, but also of Ki-67. Particular attention should be paid to fixation and antigen retrieval procedures in all cases. We recommend that laboratories without experience perform short validation runs before adopting these techniques into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pinto
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, EPE, Lisboa, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal.,IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando C Schmitt
- IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,RISE (Health Research Network) @ CINTESIS (Center for Health Technology and Services Research), Porto, Portugal
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16
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Hobi G, Cline JM, Ethun KF, Simillion C, Keller I, Stute P. Impact of 6 month conjugated equine estrogen versus estradiol-treatment on biomarkers and enriched gene sets in healthy mammary tissue of non-human primates. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264057. [PMID: 35298474 PMCID: PMC8929599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify distinctly regulated gene markers and enriched gene sets in breast tissue of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) treated for six months with either conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) or estradiol (E2) by analysis of corresponding mRNA levels of genes associated with breast development, carcinogenesis, apoptosis and immune regulation. Additionally, translation of three nuclear markers was analyzed. METHODS RNA from breast biopsies and necropsies was isolated from two independent study trials from Ethun et al. (CEE) and Foth et al. (E2) after 6 month of treatment duration. RNA was subjected to qRT-PCR and MicroArray analysis. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed for the estrogen receptor alpha subunit (ERa), the progesterone receptor (PGR) and the proliferation marker Ki67. RESULTS We identified a total of 36 distinctly enriched gene sets. Thirty-one were found in the CEE treatment group and five were found in the E2 treatment group, with no overlap. Furthermore, two individual genes IGFBP1 and SGK493 were upregulated in CEE treated animals. Additional targeted qRT-PCR analysis of ten specific estrogen-related genes showed upregulation of three genes (TFF1, PGR and GREB1) after CEE treatment, respectively one gene (TFF1) after E2 treatment. Immunohistochemical stains of breast biopsies showed a significant increase in expression of the PGR marker after CEE treatment. CONCLUSIONS In this study we identified enriched gene sets possibly induced by CEE or E2 treatment in various processes associated with cancer biology and immunology. This preliminary translational data supports the concept that different estrogen types have different effects on healthy breast tissue and may help generate hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Hobi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kelly F. Ethun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Biomarkers Core, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cedric Simillion
- Department of Biology, Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene Keller
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Petra Stute
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Roviello G, Catalano M, Iannone LF, Marano L, Brugia M, Rossi G, Aprile G, Antonuzzo L. Current status and future perspectives in HER2 positive advanced gastric cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:981-996. [PMID: 35091998 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancy worldwide with a prognosis less than 1 year in unresectable or metastatic disease. HER2 expression is the main biomarker to lead the addition of trastuzumab to first line systemic chemotherapy improving the overall survival in advanced HER2-positivegastric adenocarcinoma. The inevitable development of resistance to trastuzumab remains a great problem inasmuch several treatment strategies that have proven effective in breast cancer failed to show clinical benefit in advanced gastric cancer. In this review, we summarize the available data on the mechanisms underlying primary and secondary resistance toHER2-targeted therapy and current challenges in the treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer refractory to trastuzumab. Further, we describe the prognostic value of new non-invasive screening techniques, the current development of novel agents such us HER2 antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies, and the strategies with antitumor activity on going.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - M Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - L F Iannone
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - L Marano
- Department of Medical, Surgical and NeuroSciences, Section of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M Brugia
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - G Rossi
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - G Aprile
- Department of Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, AULSS8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - L Antonuzzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134, Florence, Italy
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18
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How vitamin E and its derivatives regulate tumour cells via the MAPK signalling pathway?'. Gene 2022; 808:145998. [PMID: 34626718 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In tumour cells, vitamin E and its derivatives play a critical role in the regulation of multiple signalling pathways through their oxidative and nonoxidative functions. To date, there are 8 known natural vitamin E forms and many kinds of derivatives, among which VES and α-TEA have excellent anticancer activities. The MAPK pathway consists of a complex cascade of proteins that control the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of tumour cells. The MAPK pathway includes four subfamilies, ERK1/2, JNK1/2, p38 MAPK, and ERK5. Most of the proteins in these subfamilies interact with each other in a complex manner. The anticancer function of vitamin E and its derivatives is closely related to the MAPK cascade. Studies have shown that in tumour cells, α-T/γ-T/γ-T3/δ-T3/VES/α-TEA regulated ERK1/2, prevent tumorigenesis, inhibit tumour cell growth and metastasis and induce cell differentiation, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest; γ-T3/δ-T3/VES/α-TEA regulates JNK1/2, induce apoptosis, reduce ceramide synthesis and inhibit proliferation; and γ-T3/δ-T3/VES regulate p38 MAPK and induce apoptosis. This paper reviews the role of vitamin E and its derivatives in the MAPK cascade, and tumour cells are used as a model in an attempt to explore the mechanism of their interactions.
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19
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Zhang X, Wang W, Tian B, Wang Y, Jing J. The Relationship Between D-dimer and Prognosis in the Patients with Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein-Positive Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS: ONCOLOGY 2022; 16:11795549221120158. [PMID: 36104997 PMCID: PMC9465609 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221120158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alpha-fetoprotein-positive gastric cancer (AFPGC) is a subtype of gastric
cancer that is rare in clinical practice and extremely malignant. Malignant
tumors are often associated with hemorrhage, thrombosis, and even
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The D-dimer test is used as a
sensitive index in the diagnosis of DIC and fresh thrombosis in malignant
tumors. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between
D-dimer values and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients
with serum AFPGC (AFP ⩾ 15 μg/L) patients. Methods: Overall, 120 healthy subjects and 120 AFP-negative gastric cancer (AFP <
15μg/L) patients from May 2017 to July 2018 at the Shanxi Cancer Hospital
served as the control group in this retrospective cohort study.
Additionally, 120 patients with pretreatment advanced serum AFP were chosen
to analyze clinicopathologic features and factors that affect prognosis. The
predictor was the D-dimer, and the outcome variable was overall survival
(OS). Other variables included age, sex, tumor site, T-stage, distant
metastasis, and preoperative serum tumor biomarkers. Differences in OS rate
were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 9.2.0.332. The Cox regression model was used
for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: In comparison to AFP-negative gastric cancer, we discovered that D-dimer had
a meaningfully higher presentation in patients with AFPGC
(P < .001). Based on D-dimer median levels, the
AFPGC patients were divided into two groups, including 39 patients with low
D-dimer (<1000 ng/mL) and 81 patients with high D-dimer (⩾1000 ng/mL).
The variables, including T-stage, distant metastasis, and expression of
HER2, were associated with the value of D-dimer. The
D-dimer levels were weakly related to the levels of tumor markers. The
differences in AFPGC patients, with an OS rate of 30.76% for patients with
low D-dimer (<1000) and 12.30% with high D-dimer (⩾1000;
P = .0027), were statistically significant. Cox
multivariate analysis of various parameters indicated that T-stage, distant
metastasis, vascular embolism, level of D-dimer, and tumor biomarkers of AFP
were independent risk factors for survival. Conclusion: Serum D-dimer levels may be a valuable indicator for predicting AFPGC
metastasis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Etiology and tumor marker
laboratory, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer
Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi
Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Weigang Wang
- Department of Etiology and tumor marker
laboratory, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer
Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi
Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Baoguo Tian
- Department of Etiology and tumor marker
laboratory, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer
Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi
Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Etiology and tumor marker
laboratory, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer
Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi
Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiexian Jing
- Department of Etiology and tumor marker
laboratory, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer
Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
- Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi
Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Jiexian Jing, Department of Etiology and
tumor marker laboratory, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Province,
030013 Taiyuan, China.
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20
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Vathiotis IA, Charpidou A, Gavrielatou N, Syrigos KN. HER2 Aberrations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: From Pathophysiology to Targeted Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1300. [PMID: 34959700 PMCID: PMC8705364 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) aberrations have long been described in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), they have only recently been effectively targeted. Unlike patients with breast cancer, NSCLC patients can harbor either HER2-activating mutations or HER2 amplification coupled with protein overexpression. The latter has also been the case for patients with acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). As preclinical data continue to accumulate, clinical trials evaluating novel agents that target HER2 have produced promising preliminary results. Here, we review existing data on HER2 aberrations in NSCLC. Starting from HER2 biology in normal and disease processes, we summarize discrepancies in HER2 diagnostic assays between breast cancer and NSCLC. Finally, to dissect the therapeutic implications of HER2-activating mutations versus gene amplification and/or protein overexpression, we present data from prospective clinical trials that have employed distinct classes of agents to target HER2 in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A. Vathiotis
- Section of Medical Oncology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (K.N.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Andriani Charpidou
- Section of Medical Oncology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (K.N.S.)
| | - Niki Gavrielatou
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Konstantinos N. Syrigos
- Section of Medical Oncology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (K.N.S.)
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21
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Jeong J, Shin JH, Li W, Hong JY, Lim J, Hwang JY, Chung JJ, Yan Q, Liu Y, Choi J, Wysolmerski J. MAL2 mediates the formation of stable HER2 signaling complexes within lipid raft-rich membrane protrusions in breast cancer cells. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110160. [PMID: 34965434 PMCID: PMC8762588 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid raft-resident protein, MAL2, has been implicated as contributing to the pathogenesis of several malignancies, including breast cancer, but the underlying mechanism for its effects on tumorigenesis is unknown. Here, we show that MAL2-mediated lipid raft formation leads to HER2 plasma membrane retention and enhanced HER2 signaling in breast cancer cells. We demonstrate physical interactions between HER2 and MAL2 in lipid rafts using proximity ligation assays. Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy imaging displays the structural organization of the HER2/Ezrin/NHERF1/PMCA2 protein complex. Formation of this protein complex maintains low intracellular calcium concentrations in the vicinity of the plasma membrane. HER2/MAL2 protein interactions in lipid rafts are enhanced in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cells. Our findings suggest that MAL2 is crucial for lipid raft formation, HER2 signaling, and HER2 membrane stability in breast cancer cells, suggesting MAL2 as a potential therapeutic target. Jeong et al. show that the formation of MAL2-mediated lipid raft-rich membrane protrusions is crucial for HER2 signaling in breast cancer cells. MAL2 is required for the formation of HER2/Ezrin/NHERF1/PMCA2 protein complexes. Formation of these protein complexes leads to a low calcium environment in the plasma membrane
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Sharma R, Kumbhakar M, Mukherjee A. Toward Understanding the Binding Synergy of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab to Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4553-4563. [PMID: 34757737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in breast, gastric, esophageal, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. Combination therapy using trastuzumab and pertuzumab antibodies targeting HER2 has shown better survival outcomes in breast cancer patients. In the quest to understand the synergistic effect observed due to combination therapy, trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and their F(ab')2 fragments were labeled with radioisotope and fluorescent probes. Detailed in vitro studies to understand binding synergism in HER2 overexpressing cell lines were done. Antibodies and their F(ab')2 fragments prepared by enzyme digestion with pepsin were radiolabeled with iodine-125. In vitro binding studies to evaluate immunoreactivity, specificity, affinity, and binding synergism between radiolabeled trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and their F(ab')2 fragments were carried out. Synergism was observed by 20-30% enhanced uptake of radiolabeled pertuzumab and its F(ab')2 fragments in the presence of excess of unlabeled trastuzumab or F(ab')2-trastuzumab. However, uptake of radiolabeled trastuzumab was not enhanced in the presence of excess pertuzumab or its fragments; rather inhibition or competition in binding to HER2 was observed. Studies using fluorescent antibodies by flow cytometry confirmed enhanced binding of pertuzumab in the presence of trastuzumab. Live cell tracking was done to give insights into the binding synergy and fate of fluorescent antibodies . Colocalization of antibodies on HER2 followed by internalization in the cells was observed. The radiolabeled immunoconjugates served as an important tool for experimental characterization of interaction between pertuzumab and trastuzumab to HER2. Studies with fluorescent antibodies corroborated the binding data and provided evidence of colocalization and internalization of both the antibodies in HER2-positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Manoj Kumbhakar
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Archana Mukherjee
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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Zehnder M, Belibasakis GN. A critical analysis of research methods to study clinical molecular biomarkers in Endodontic research. Int Endod J 2021; 55 Suppl 1:37-45. [PMID: 34655496 PMCID: PMC9298367 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The authors of this narrative review aimed to address various experimental methods and make recommendations for how research should move forward in the context of studying biomarkers in clinical Endodontic research. The approach adopted is exemplified using two prominent clinical problems, namely (a) the ‘reversible’ versus ‘irreversible’ pulpitis conundrum and (b) persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain (PIDAP). Pulpitis under deep caries or dentinal cracks is understood from a histological perspective, but clinical assessment tools to indicate irreversibly inflamed aspects of the dental pulp are elusive. PIDAP, on the other hand, is a diagnosis of exclusion; its pathophysiology is complex and not understood sufficiently to avoid unnecessary dental treatments. This review addresses how diagnostic biomarkers could further our understanding of those and other clinical problems, and how issues can be tackled from a methodological point of view. Hence, different methodological approaches to identify suitable diagnostic biomarker(s) or use known biomarkers are presented. The importance of asking a relevant research question, collecting the most suitable fluid and using the ideal collection vehicle for the research question under investigation is discussed based on the defined clinical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Zehnder
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Zürich Center of Dental Medicine, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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24
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Hung CC, Huang HI, Hung CM, Moi SH. Identification of Candidate Genes in Early-Stage Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Patients with High-Risk Mortality Using Genes Commonly Involved in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study. Public Health Genomics 2021; 25:1-10. [PMID: 34634790 DOI: 10.1159/000519140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast is a heterogeneous disease characterized by multiple subtypes. IDC survival is highly impacted by tumor burden, molecular subtypes, and gene profiles. Gene mutation is a type of genomic instability regarded as having a considerable effect on IDC prognosis. Using integrated survival analysis, this study identified candidate genes and a high-risk group of patients with early-stage IDC to provide further understanding of the genetic characteristics associated with poor survival. METHODS The gene mutation profiles, baseline demographics, clinicopathologic variables, and treatment characteristics of the early-stage IDC subpopulation were downloaded from an open access data platform. These data were analyzed for a total of 444 patients. In total, 40 genes commonly involved in IDC were listed, and the genes exhibiting significant differences (as estimated using the log-rank test) were selected as the candidate genes. RESULTS The patients were divided into control, low-risk, and high-risk groups according to their gene mutation profiles. The 5-year overall survival rates of low-risk, control, and high-risk patients were 97.4%, 96.1%, and 73.0%, respectively. The high-risk group had a significantly higher risk of poor overall -survival (adjusted hazard ratio = 6.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.51-28.7, p = 0.012) than that of the control group, and the low-risk group did not have a significant survival difference compared with control group. CONCLUSIONS This study proposed an integrative approach for the identification of candidate genes for risk assessment of overall survival in these patients through typical survival analysis methods. The 14 candidate genes selected are particularly involved in cell-cycle processes, deoxyribonucleic acid repair, and drug resistance; their mutations were found to be generally associated with disease progression or therapeutic resistance, which is commonly associated with poor overall survival outcomes in IDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chiang Hung
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, College of Human Science and Social Innovation, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Huang
- Center of Cancer Program Development, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ming Hung
- Department of General Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Hua Moi
- Center of Cancer Program Development, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Orsa AN, Goryashchenko AS, Serova OV, Mozhaev AA, Martynov VI, Pakhomov AA, Svirshchevskaya EV, Petrenko AG, Deyev IE. Generation and Characteristics of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensors of Extracellular pH. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Roviello G, Aprile G, D'Angelo A, Iannone LF, Roviello F, Polom K, Mini E, Catalano M. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in advanced gastric cancer: where do we stand? Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:765-779. [PMID: 33742317 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancy worldwide. In unresectable or metastatic disease, the prognosis is poor and in generally less than a year. HER2 expression remains an important biomarker to lead the addition of trastuzumab to first-line systemic chemotherapy in unresectable or metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. To date, a major issue is represented by resistance to trastuzumab developed during treatment, considering the not improved outcomes in this molecular subtype of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma to other HER2 target strategies. In this review, we summarize the available data on the mechanisms underlying primary and secondary resistance to HER2-targeted therapy and current challenges in the treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer refractory to trastuzumab. Furthermore, we describe the prognostic value of new non-invasive screening methods, under development novel agents (e.g., HER2 antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies) and strategies with antitumor activity in early studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Aprile
- Department of Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Franco Roviello
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences, Section of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Karol Polom
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences, Section of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Gdansk Medical University, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Dąbrowska-Balcerzak K, Nartowska J, Wawer I, Siudem P, Paradowska K. Spirostanol Sapogenins and Saponins from Convallaria majalis L. Structural Characterization by 2D NMR, Theoretical GIAO DFT Calculations and Molecular Modeling. Molecules 2021; 26:2999. [PMID: 34070073 PMCID: PMC8158116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new spirostanol sapogenins (5β-spirost-25(27)-en-1β,2β,3β,5β-tetrol 3 and its 25,27-dihydro derivative, (25S)-spirostan-1β,2β,3β,5β-tetrol 4) and four new saponins were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Convallaria majalis L. together with known sapogenins (isolated from Liliaceae): 5β-spirost-25(27)-en-1β,3β-diol 1, (25S)-spirostan-1β,3β-diol 2, 5β-spirost-25(27)-en-1β,3β,4β,5β-tetrol 5, (25S)-spirostan-1β,3β,4β,5β-tetrol 6, 5β-spirost-25(27)-en-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-pentol 7 and (25S)-spirostan-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-pentol 8. New steroidal saponins were found to be pentahydroxy 5-O-glycosides; 5β-spirost-25(27)-en-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-pentol 5-O-β-galactopyranoside 9, 5β-spirost-25(27)-en-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-pentol 5-O-β-arabinonoside 11, 5β-(25S)-spirostan-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-pentol 5-O-galactoside 10 and 5β-(25S)-spirostan-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-pentol 5-O-arabinoside 12 were isolated for the first time. The structures of those compounds were determined by NMR spectroscopy, including 2D COSY, HMBC, HSQC, NOESY, ROESY experiments, theoretical calculations of shielding constants by GIAO DFT, and mass spectrometry (FAB/LSI HR MS). An attempt was made to test biological activity, particularly as potential chemotherapeutic agents, using in silico methods. A set of 12 compounds was docked to the PDB structures of HER2 receptor and tubulin. The results indicated that diols have a higher affinity to the analyzed targets than tetrols and pentols. Two compounds (25S)-spirosten-1β,3β-diol 1 and 5β-spirost-25(27)-en-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-pentol 5-O-galactoside 9 were selected for further evaluation of biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dąbrowska-Balcerzak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (I.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Jadwiga Nartowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Iwona Wawer
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (I.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Paweł Siudem
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (I.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Paradowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (I.W.); (K.P.)
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Antibody therapy in pancreatic cancer: mAb-ye we're onto something? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188557. [PMID: 33945846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains an extremely deadly disease, with little improvement seen in treatment or outcomes over the last 40 years. Targeted monoclonal antibody therapy is one area that has been explored in attempts to tackle this disease. This review examines antibodies that have undergone clinical evaluation in pancreatic cancer. These antibodies target a wide variety of molecules, including tumour cell surface, stromal, immune and embryonic pathway targets. We discuss the therapeutic utility of these therapies both as monotherapeutics and in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy. While antibody therapy for pancreatic cancer has yet to yield significant success, lessons learned from research thus far highlights future directions that may help overcome observed hurdles to yield clinically efficacious results.
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29
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Özgör E, Keskin N. In vitro studies on inhibition capability of fungal-sourced bassiatin versus tamoxifen against ERα, EGFR and VEGFR on breast cancer cells. MYCOSCIENCE 2021; 62:87-94. [PMID: 37089249 PMCID: PMC9157772 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bassiatin which is produced by some fungi, is morpholine-based depsipeptide. Recent studies show that bassiatin inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation with its anti-oestrogenic effect. In this study, bassiatin's inhibition versus Tamoxifen was examined by comparing the effects on epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in addition to oestrogen receptor on breast cells. For this purpose, 15 concentrations of bassiatin, tamoxifen and combination of both were treated in terms of cytotoxicity on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3 and SVCT cell lines. For cell cycle analyses, MCF-7 and SVCT cell lines were incubated with 37.5 μM bassiatin, tamoxifen and combined substance for 24 h and 48 h. After treatment, cell distribution in each phase of the cell cycle was measured with flow cytometer. Furthermore, each interaction related to receptors were investigated with immunoassay ELISA kits. As a result, bassiatin-induced MCF-7 cell cycle arrest was shown in G0/G1 and G2/M phases at the presence of bassiatin. It was also found that bassiatin is more effective at all examined receptors on breast cancer cells than tamoxifen. These results show that bassiatin can be used effectively in breast cancer treatment as a new anticancer agent because of its multiple inhibition effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkay Özgör
- Cyprus International University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
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30
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Lü P, Qiu S, Pan Y, Yu F, Chen K. Preclinical Chimeric Antibody Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Progress in Digestive System Cancers. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021; 36:307-315. [PMID: 33481647 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal and gastric tumors, are characterized by high rates of incidence and mortality. Digestive cancers are difficult to diagnose during the early stages, and the side effects of chemotherapy are often severe and may outweigh the therapeutic benefits. Chimeric antibody chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, a novel immunotherapy, has achieved excellent results for the treatment of hematological tumors. However, CAR-T treatment of solid tumors has struggled due to a lack of target specificity, a difficult tumor microenvironment, and T cell homing. Despite the challenges, CAR-T treatment of digestive cancers is progressing. Combining CAR-T with other targets and/or modifying the CAR may represent the most promising approaches for future treatment of digestive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lü
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Songlin Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ye Pan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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31
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Pawar S, Sharma A. Molecular targets in GI malignancies - A pathologist's perspective. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 64:S43-S51. [PMID: 34135137 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1239_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Newer molecular diagnostics and improved understanding of cancer pathogenesis have identified multiple pathways that can be potentially targeted with the use of novel therapeutics in development. These developments have ushered cancer therapeutics in newer era of personalized medicine. Same is reflected on current management strategies for advanced gastrointestinal malignancies. Molecular profiling for BRAF and RAS is standard for colorectal cancer while Her2 and PDL1 status is needed for planning therapy of advanced gastroesophageal cancers. Tissue agnostic markers like MSI, TMB and NTRK are making headways in therapeutic armamentarium. While newer targeted therapies against FGFR, EGFR, PI3K-AKT, DDR pathways are showing promising results in initial studies. Here we review traditional as well as upcoming molecular markers in field of GI malignancies, methods of testing and evidence for rational use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Pawar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Zeng X, Liu C, Yao J, Wan H, Wan G, Li Y, Chen N. Breast cancer stem cells, heterogeneity, targeting therapies and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105320. [PMID: 33271295 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both hereditary and sporadic breast cancer are suggested to develop from a stem cell subcomponent retaining most key stem cell properties but with dysregulation of self-renewal pathways, which drives tumorigenic differentiation and cellular heterogeneity. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), characterized by their self-renewal and differentiation potential, have been reported to contribute to chemo-/radio-resistance and tumor initiation and to be the main reason for the failure of current therapies in breast cancer and other CSC-bearing cancers. Thus, CSC-targeted therapies, such as those inducing CSC apoptosis and differentiation, inhibiting CSC self-renewal and division, and targeting the CSC niche to combat CSC activity, are needed and may become an important component of multimodal treatment. To date, the understanding of breast cancer has been extended by advances in CSC biology, providing more accurate prognostic and predictive information upon diagnosis. Recent improvements have enhanced the prospect of targeting breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which has shown promise for increasing the breast cancer remission rate. However, targeted therapy for breast cancer remains challenging due to tumor heterogeneity. One major challenge is determining the CSC properties that can be exploited as therapeutic targets. Another challenge is identifying suitable BCSC biomarkers to assess the efficacy of novel BCSC-targeted therapies. This review focuses mainly on the characteristics of BCSCs and the roles of BCSCs in the formation, maintenance and recurrence of breast cancer; self-renewal signaling pathways in BCSCs; the BCSC microenvironment; potential therapeutic targets related to BCSCs; and current therapies and clinical trials targeting BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518037, PR China
| | - Chengxiao Liu
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, PR China
| | - Jie Yao
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, PR China
| | - Haoqiang Wan
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518037, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, (Longhua Branch), Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518120, PR China
| | - Guoqing Wan
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, PR China
| | - Yingpeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, (Longhua Branch), Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518120, PR China.
| | - Nianhong Chen
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, PR China; Department of Cell Biology & University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, USA.
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Sacdalan DB, Mendoza MJ, Vergara JP, Catedral LI, Ting FI, Leones LM, Berba CM, Sacdalan DL. Beyond bevacizumab: a review of targeted agents in metastatic small bowel adenocarcinoma. Med Oncol 2020; 37:106. [PMID: 33135102 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-020-01432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Small bowel cancers are rare tumors with an incidence 50-100-fold less than colorectal cancer. These tumors carry a poor prognosis. Owing to its rarity, treatment of this disease, particularly in its advanced stages, has not been optimized and is derived mainly from treatment regimens for colorectal cancer. Based on recent studies bevacizumab, an antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor and used in the management of metastatic CRC, has been added to treatment guidelines for metastatic small bowel adenocarcinoma. We investigate in this review the evidence behind other targeted treatments that may be beneficial in the treatment of metastatic small bowel adenocarcinoma. These are agents against EGFR, VEGFR-2, HER2, and NTRK as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors. The last class of drugs appears to hold the greatest promise based on the preponderance of evidence supporting its use. However, overall data remains sparse. Results of studies currently underway will be valuable in shedding more light on the management of this aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Benedict Sacdalan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine, Pedro Gil Street, Manila, 1000, Philippines. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital and University of the Philippines Manila, Taft Avenue, Manila, 1000, Philippines.
| | - Marvin Jonne Mendoza
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital and University of the Philippines Manila, Taft Avenue, Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - John Paulo Vergara
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital and University of the Philippines Manila, Taft Avenue, Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Lance Isidore Catedral
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital and University of the Philippines Manila, Taft Avenue, Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Frederic Ivan Ting
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital and University of the Philippines Manila, Taft Avenue, Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Louis Mervyn Leones
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital and University of the Philippines Manila, Taft Avenue, Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Carlo Miguel Berba
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital and University of the Philippines Manila, Taft Avenue, Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Dennis L Sacdalan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital and University of the Philippines Manila, Taft Avenue, Manila, 1000, Philippines
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Rapid Target Binding and Cargo Release of Activatable Liposomes Bearing HER2 and FAP Single-Chain Antibody Fragments Reveal Potentials for Image-Guided Delivery to Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100972. [PMID: 33076292 PMCID: PMC7650594 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes represent suitable tools for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancers. To study the role of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as target in cancer imaging and image-guided deliveries, liposomes were encapsulated with an intrinsically quenched concentration of a near-infrared fluorescent dye in their aqueous interior. This resulted in quenched liposomes (termed LipQ), that were fluorescent exclusively upon degradation, dye release, and activation. The liposomes carried an always-on green fluorescent phospholipid in the lipid layer to enable tracking of intact liposomes. Additionally, they were functionalized with single-chain antibody fragments directed to fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a marker of stromal fibroblasts of most epithelial cancers, and to HER2, whose overexpression in 20–30% of all breast cancers and many other cancer types is associated with a poor treatment outcome and relapse. We show that both monospecific (HER2-IL) and bispecific (Bi-FAP/HER2-IL) formulations are quenched and undergo HER2-dependent rapid uptake and cargo release in cultured target cells and tumor models in mice. Thereby, tumor fluorescence was retained in whole-body NIRF imaging for 32–48 h post-injection. Opposed to cell culture studies, Bi-FAP/HER2-IL-based live confocal microscopy of a high HER2-expressing tumor revealed nuclear delivery of the encapsulated dye. Thus, the liposomes have potentials for image-guided nuclear delivery of therapeutics, and also for intraoperative delineation of tumors, metastasis, and tumor margins.
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Al-Othman N, Ahram M, Alqaraleh M. Role of androgen and microRNA in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Dis 2020; 39:15-27. [PMID: 31839601 DOI: 10.3233/bd-190416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent type of malignancy affecting females worldwide. Molecular-based studies resulted in an identification of at least four subtypes of breast carcinoma, including luminal A and luminal B, Human growth factor receptor (HER-2)-enriched and triple-negative tumors (basal-like and normal breast-like). A proportion of BC cases are of the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) type. TNBC lacks the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER-2, and is known to express androgen receptor (AR) at considerable levels. AR has been shown to promote the progression of TNBC. However, the exact mechanisms have yet to be unraveled. One of these mechanisms could be through regulating the expression of microRNA (miRNA) molecules, which play an important regulatory role in BC through post-transcriptional gene silencing. Activation of AR controls the expression of miRNA molecules, which target selective mRNAs, consequently, affecting protein expression. In this review we attempt to elucidate the relations between AR and miRNA in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihad Al-Othman
- Division of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Genetic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mamoun Ahram
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Moath Alqaraleh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Jardé T, Chan WH, Rossello FJ, Kaur Kahlon T, Theocharous M, Kurian Arackal T, Flores T, Giraud M, Richards E, Chan E, Kerr G, Engel RM, Prasko M, Donoghue JF, Abe SI, Phesse TJ, Nefzger CM, McMurrick PJ, Powell DR, Daly RJ, Polo JM, Abud HE. Mesenchymal Niche-Derived Neuregulin-1 Drives Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation and Regeneration of Damaged Epithelium. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:646-662.e7. [PMID: 32693086 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) maintains intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and is a key component of organoid growth media yet is dispensable for intestinal homeostasis, suggesting roles for multiple EGF family ligands in ISC function. Here, we identified neuregulin 1 (NRG1) as a key EGF family ligand that drives tissue repair following injury. NRG1, but not EGF, is upregulated upon damage and is expressed in mesenchymal stromal cells, macrophages, and Paneth cells. NRG1 deletion reduces proliferation in intestinal crypts and compromises regeneration capacity. NRG1 robustly stimulates proliferation in crypts and induces budding in organoids, in part through elevated and sustained activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT. Consistently, NRG1 treatment induces a proliferative gene signature and promotes organoid formation from progenitor cells and enhances regeneration following injury. These data suggest mesenchymal-derived NRG1 is a potent mediator of tissue regeneration and may inform the development of therapies for enhancing intestinal repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Wing Hei Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Tanvir Kaur Kahlon
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mandy Theocharous
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Teni Kurian Arackal
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tracey Flores
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mégane Giraud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Richards
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Eva Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Genevieve Kerr
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Rebekah M Engel
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia
| | - Mirsada Prasko
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jacqueline F Donoghue
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shin-Ichi Abe
- Center for Education, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Toby J Phesse
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul J McMurrick
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia
| | - David R Powell
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Hwang S, Seong H, Ryu J, Jeong JY, Kang TS, Nam KY, Seo SW, Kim SJ, Kang SS, Han YS. Phosphorylation of STAT3 and ERBB2 mediates hypoxia‑induced VEGF release in ARPE‑19 cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2733-2740. [PMID: 32945388 PMCID: PMC7453508 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization in the retina can cause loss of vision. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serves an important role in the pathogenesis of retinal vascular diseases. Hypoxia is a notable cause of VEGF release and both STAT3 and ERBB2 are known to be associated with VEGF. In addition, STAT3 and ERBB2 interact with each other. In the present study, it was hypothesized that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and erbB-2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) may be involved in the regulation of hypoxia-induced VEGF in the retina. Cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are an important source of VEGF. Therefore, the RPE-derived human cell line ARPE-19 was exposed to hypoxia. Hypoxia-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and ERBB2 in ARPE-19 cells was decreased by AG490, an inhibitor of Janus kinase 2, as were hypoxia-induced VEGF release and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Thus, phosphorylation of ERBB2 and STAT3 regulates hypoxia-induced VEGF release in ARPE-19 cells. The results of the present study suggested that inhibition of ERBB2 and STAT3-mediated pathways under hypoxia may represent a new strategy for treating retinal vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Gyeongsang 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Seong
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Gyeongsang 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Ryu
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Gyeongsang 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Gyeongsang 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Seen Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam‑do 51472, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yup Nam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam‑do 51472, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Wook Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Gyeongsang 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Gyeongsang 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Gyeongsang 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seop Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam‑do 51472, Republic of Korea
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Burguin A, Furrer D, Ouellette G, Jacob S, Diorio C, Durocher F. Trastuzumab effects depend on HER2 phosphorylation in HER2-negative breast cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234991. [PMID: 32584853 PMCID: PMC7316326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer (BC) biomarker HER2 (Human Epidermal Receptor 2) is overexpressed in 25% of BC. Only patients with HER2-positive tumors receive HER2-targeting therapies, like trastuzumab (Herceptin). However, some women with a HER2-negative BC could benefit from trastuzumab. This could be explained by the activation/phosphorylation of HER2 that can be recognized by trastuzumab. The aim of this study is to examine trastuzumab effects on HER2 phosphorylation at tyrosine Y877 (pHER2Y877). HER2 and pHER2Y877 status were evaluated in a cohort of BC patients representative of molecular subtypes distribution (n = 497) and in a series of BC cell lines (n = 7). Immunohistochemistry against pHER2Y877 was performed on tissue micro arrays. Cellular proliferation assays were performed on BC cell lines presenting different combinations of HER2 and pHER2Y877 status and treated with increasing doses of trastuzumab (0-150 μg/ml). The prevalence of pHER2Y877 in this cohort was 6%. Nearly 5% of patients with HER2-negative tumors (n = 406, 82%) overexpressed pHER2Y877. Among triple negative BC patients (n = 39, 8%), 7.7% expressed pHER2Y877. Trastuzumab treatment decreased cell proliferation in HER2-/pHER2Y877+ BC cell lines, to an extent comparable to what occurs in HER2+ cell lines, but did not affect HER2-/pHER2Y877- cell lines. Trastuzumab sensitivity in HER2-/pHER2Y877+ cell line is specific to HER2 tyrosine 877 phosphorylation. Hence, with further confirmation in a bigger cohort, trastuzumab treatment could be envisaged as a treatment option to women presenting with HER2-/pHER2+ tumors, representing more than 1000 BC women in Canada in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Burguin
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniela Furrer
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Ouellette
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Jacob
- Laboratoire de pathologie, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre des Maladies du Sein, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre des Maladies du Sein, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Canada
| | - Francine Durocher
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Yang L, Zhao H, Yin X, Liang H, Zheng Z, Shen Q, Hu W. Exploring cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer through integrated bioinformatics approach and overcoming chemoresistance with sanguinarine. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:923-939. [PMID: 32269724 PMCID: PMC7137043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is refractory in response towards platinum-based chemotherapy, and resistance frequently develops. We attempted to identify the driving pathways in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer and develop targeted therapies to overcome this resistance. Using an integrated bioinformatics approach, a GSE15372 database from NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus database was obtained for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs), in which 535 DEGs were found (407 up-regulated and 128 down-regulated) in association with ovarian cancer cisplatin-resistance. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses further found that aberrant activation of EGFR/ErbB2 signaling was the driving event in resistant cells. A network of dysregulated genes was built based on these identified DEGs and protein-protein interaction network, which led to the identification of 7 potential inhibitors based on screening a 77 small molecule natural product library. Sanguinarine, alone and in combination with cisplatin, was found to significantly suppress the proliferation of wt/resistant ovarian cancer cells in vitro and the growth of parental and resistant ovarian xenograft tumors in vivo. Our study suggests that EGFR/ErbB2 activation is one of the driving pathways in developing cisplatin-resistance in ovarian cancer, and that sanguinarine has the potential to be developed as an effective therapy to overcome this therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 Division, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Cancer CenterNanchang 330029, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Genetics & Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Wanqin Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
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Georges GJ, Dengl S, Bujotzek A, Hesse F, Fischer JA, Gärtner A, Benz J, Lauer ME, Ringler P, Stahlberg H, Plath F, Brinkmann U, Imhof-Jung S. The Contorsbody, an antibody format for agonism: Design, structure, and function. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1210-1220. [PMID: 32542107 PMCID: PMC7283085 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The careful design of the antibody architecture is becoming more and more important, especially when the purpose is agonism. We present the design of a novel antibody format that is able to promote receptor dimerization and induce signal transduction resulting in cell proliferation. Mono-specific bivalent Y-shape IgGs made of two light chains and two heavy chains are engineered into single chain dimers of two modified heavy chains, resulting in the fixation of the two Fab fragments along the Fc dimerizing moiety. By this, an antagonist of the Her-receptor family, Trastuzumab, is re-formatted into an agonist by simply incorporating the original binding motif into a different geometrically and sterically constrained conformation. This novel format, named Contorsbody, retains antigen binding properties of the parental IgGs and can be produced by standard technologies established for recombinant IgGs. Structural analyses using molecular dynamics and electron microscopy are described to guide the initial design and to confirm the Contorsbody as a very compact molecule, respectively. Contorsbodies show increased rigidity compared to IgGs and their Fab moieties are positioned parallel and adjacent to each other. This geometry has an increased potential to trigger cell surface antigen or receptor ‘cis’-dimerization without ‘trans’-bridging of cells or mere receptor blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy J. Georges
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| | - Stefan Dengl
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Bujotzek
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Friederike Hesse
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jens A.A. Fischer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Achim Gärtner
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Benz
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Chemical Biology, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E. Lauer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Chemical Biology, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ringler
- C-CINA, Center for Celullar Imaging and Nano Analytics, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- C-CINA, Center for Celullar Imaging and Nano Analytics, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Plath
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharma Technical Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Imhof-Jung
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
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Abd El-kader AM, Mahmoud BK, Hajjar D, Mohamed MFA, Hayallah AM, Abdelmohsen UR. Antiproliferative activity of new pentacyclic triterpene and a saponin from Gladiolus segetum Ker-Gawl corms supported by molecular docking study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22730-22741. [PMID: 35514559 PMCID: PMC9054649 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02775h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new triterpenoidal saponin identified as 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-d-xylopyranosyl]-2β,3β,16α-trihydroxyolean-12-en-23,28-dioic acid-28-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-arabinopyranoside 1 together with a new oleanane triterpene identified as 2β,3β,13α,22α-tetrahydroxy olean-23,28-dioic acid 2 and 6 known compounds (3–8) have been isolated from Gladiolus segetum Ker-Gawl corms. The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was confirmed using different chemical and spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments as well as HR-ESI-MS. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the fractions and that of the isolated compounds 1–8 were investigated against five human cancer cell lines (PC-3, A-549, HePG-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116) using doxorubicin as a reference drug. The results showed that the saponin fraction exhibited potent in vitro cytotoxic activity against the five human cancer cell lines, whereas the maximum activity was exhibited against the PC-3 and A-549 cell lines with the IC50 values of 1.13 and 1.98 μg mL−1, respectively. In addition, compound 1 exhibited potent activity against A-549 and PC-3 with the IC50 values of 2.41 μg mL−1 and 3.45 μg mL−1, respectively. Interestingly, compound 2 showed the maximum activity against PC-3 with an IC50 of 2.01 μg mL−1. These biological results were in harmony with that of the molecular modeling study, which showed that the cytotoxic activity of compound 2 might occur through the inhibition of the HER-2 enzyme. A new triterpenoidal saponin 1, a new oleanane triterpene 2, and 6 known compounds (3–8) have been isolated from Gladiolus segetum Ker-Gawl corms.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dina Hajjar
- Department of Biochemistry
- Collage of Science
- University of Jeddah
- 80203 Jeddah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh F. A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Sohag University
- 82524 Sohag
- Egypt
| | - Alaa M. Hayallah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Deraya University
- Minia
- Egypt
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Screening of Pleural Mesothelioma Cell Lines for Kinase Activity May Identify New Mechanisms of Therapy Resistance in Patients Receiving Platin-Based Chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:2902985. [PMID: 31929796 PMCID: PMC6942867 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2902985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, predominantly asbestos-related and biologically highly aggressive tumor associated with a dismal prognosis. Multimodal therapy consisting of platinum-based chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. The reasons underlying the rather poor efficacy of platinum compounds remain largely unknown. Kinase activity might influence cellular response to these regimens. Materials and Methods For this exploratory study, we screened MPM cell lines (NCI-H2452, NCI-H2052, and MSTO-211H) differing in response to cisplatin and benign control fibroblasts (MRC-5) for overall phosphorylation patterns as well as kinase activity with respect to cellular response to cisplatin-based therapeutics. We analysed the cell lines for cellular kinases in a high-throughput manner using the highly innovative technique PamGene. Cell state analysis including apoptosis, necrosis, and cell viability was performed by using enzyme activity and fluorescent-based assays. Results Cisplatin alters cellular phosphorylation patterns affecting cell cycle, migration, adhesion, signal transduction, immune modulation, and apoptosis. In cisplatin-responsive cell lines, phosphorylation of AKT1 and GSK3B was decreased but could not be influenced in cisplatin-resistant NCI-H2452 cells. Cisplatin-responsive cell lines showed increased phosphorylation levels of JNK1/2/3 but decreased phosphorylation in cisplatin-resistant NCI-H2452 cells. Conclusion Kinase phosphorylation and activity might play a crucial role in cellular response to cytostatic agents. Cisplatin influences phosphorylation patterns with distinct features in cisplatin-resistant cells. These alterations exert a significant impact on cell cycle, migration, adhesion, signal transduction, immune modulation, and apoptosis of the respective tumor cells. Based on our results, the induction of p38 or JNK1/3, or inhibition of AKT1 by, for example, BIA-6, might offer a positive synergistic effect by induction of an apoptotic response to cisplatin-based treatment, thus potentially enhancing the clinical outcome of MPM patients.
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Li H, Hu L, Zhang H, Wang D. ErbB1 and ErbB2 overexpression in patients with sinonasal inverted papilloma and inverted papilloma with squamous cell carcinoma in China. Acta Otolaryngol 2019; 139:1104-1111. [PMID: 31556771 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2019.1650200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Currently, the expression patterns of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family genes in sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) and inverted papilloma with squamous cell carcinoma (IPwSCC) are not clear.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the expression of EGFR family members and their ligands in SNIP and IPwSCC and to analyze their correlations with SNIP histological grade and Krouse stage.Materials and methods: Data from 25 cases of inverted papilloma patients in China were collected and divided into 16 cases in the SNIP group and 9 in the IPwSCC group. In addition, eight cases of normal nasal mucosa (NNM) were collected and used as the control group. The expression levels of EGFR family members and their ligands in the NNM and SNIP groups and EGFR family members in the IPwSCC group were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. In addition, their correlations with the SNIP histological grade and Krouse stage were analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism 7.0 statistical software.Results: The ErbB1 and ErbB2 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in the SNIP group than in the NNM group (p < .01). The ErbB1 and ErbB2 protein expression levels were significantly higher in the IPwSCC group than those in the NNM and SNIP groups (p < .01). The ErbB1 and ErbB2 mRNA and protein expression levels in the SNIP group were positively correlated with the SNIP dysplasia grade.Conclusion: Upregulation of ErbB1 and ErbB2 expression may be associated with SNIP pathogenesis and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Research Centre, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huankang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dehui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sonkar K, Ayyappan V, Tressler CM, Adelaja O, Cai R, Cheng M, Glunde K. Focus on the glycerophosphocholine pathway in choline phospholipid metabolism of cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4112. [PMID: 31184789 PMCID: PMC6803034 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Activated choline metabolism is a hallmark of carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which leads to elevated levels of phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine in all types of cancer tested so far. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications have played a key role in detecting these elevated choline phospholipid metabolites. To date, the majority of cancer-related studies have focused on phosphocholine and the Kennedy pathway, which constitutes the biosynthesis pathway for membrane phosphatidylcholine. Fewer and more recent studies have reported on the importance of glycerophosphocholine in cancer. In this review article, we summarize the recent literature on glycerophosphocholine metabolism with respect to its cancer biology and its detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Sonkar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Tressler
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oluwatobi Adelaja
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruoqing Cai
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Menglin Cheng
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Solovyova AS, Sokolova YO, Anisimov VN, Bazhanova ED. Analysis of HER-2/neu Receptor Expression and the Level of Neuronal Apoptosis in HER-2/neu Transgenic Mice during Aging. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:512-515. [PMID: 31494768 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We studied neuronal death in the sensorimotor cortex, hippocampus, and supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and dynamics of HER-2/neu expression in late ontogenesis in young and old transgenic HER-2/neu mice. Wild-type FVB/N mice served as the control. The intensity of apoptosis (TUNEL) and HER-2/neu expression (Western blotting) in the same brain regions were measured. HER-2/neu was detected in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of transgenic and wild-type mice, and its expression increased with age. The effect of HER-2/neu on the intensity of cell death in various brain regions depended on the stage of ontogenesis and animal genotype. Enhanced expression of HER-2/neu determines low rate of cell death in the studied brain regions during pathological ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Solovyova
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Chemistry and Biology Cluster, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technology, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yu O Sokolova
- Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry of Cell Function, I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V N Anisimov
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E D Bazhanova
- Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry of Cell Function, I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia. .,Laboratory of Apoptosis Role in Development of Neuroendocrine System, Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan, Russia. .,Laboratory of Morphology and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Toxicology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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46
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Talari ACS, Rehman S, Rehman IU. Advancing cancer diagnostics with artificial intelligence and spectroscopy: identifying chemical changes associated with breast cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:929-940. [PMID: 31461624 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1659727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) approaches in combination with Raman spectroscopy (RS) to obtain accurate medical diagnosis and decision-making is a way forward for understanding not only the chemical pathway to the progression of disease, but also for tailor-made personalized medicine. These processes remove unwanted affects in the spectra such as noise, fluorescence and normalization, and help in the optimization of spectral data by employing chemometrics. Methods: In this study, breast cancer tissues have been analyzed by RS in conjunction with principal component (PCA) and linear discriminate (LDA) analyses. Tissue microarray (TMA) breast biopsies were investigated using RS and chemometric methods and classified breast biopsies into luminal A, luminal B, HER2, and triple negative subtypes. Results: Supervised and unsupervised algorithms were applied on biopsy data to explore intra and inter data set biochemical changes associated with lipids, collagen, and nucleic acid content. LDA predicted specificity accuracy of luminal A, luminal B, HER2, and triple negative subtypes were 70%, 100%, 90%, and 96.7%, respectively. Conclusion: It is envisaged that a combination of RS with AI and ML may create a precise and accurate real-time methodology for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shazza Rehman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Airedale NHS Foundation Trust, Airedale General Hospital , Steeton , UK
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47
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Yin B, Fang DM, Zhou XL, Gao F. Natural products as important tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111664. [PMID: 31494475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As an important source of drugs, natural products play an important role in the discovery and development of new drugs. More than 60% of anti-tumor drugs are closely related to natural products. At the same time, as the main cause of tumors, the abnormal activity of tyrosine kinase has become an important target for clinical treatment. Although, small molecule targeted drugs dominate the cancer treatment. Natural active products are driving the development of new tyrosine kinase inhibitors with their unique mode of action and molecular structure diversity. Obtaining new chemical entities with tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity from natural active products will bring new breakthroughs in the research of anticancer drugs. In this paper, different tyrosine kinases are mainly classified as targets, and natural products and derivatives which have been found to inhibit tyrosine kinase activity have been described. It is hoped that by analyzing the different aspects of the source, structural characteristics, mechanism of action and biological activity of these natural products, we will find new members that can be developed into drugs and promote the development of anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yin
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biodiversity, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Fang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xian-Li Zhou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biodiversity, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biodiversity, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
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Fernandes SRG, Fernandes R, Sarmento B, Pereira PMR, Tomé JPC. Photoimmunoconjugates: novel synthetic strategies to target and treat cancer by photodynamic therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2579-2593. [PMID: 30648722 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02902d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines a photosensitizer (PS) with the physical energy of non-ionizing light to trigger cell death pathways. PDT has potential as a therapeutic modality to be used in alternative or in combination with other conventional cancer treatment protocols (e.g. surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy). Still, due to the lack of specificity of the current PSs to target the tumor cells, several studies have exploited their conjugation with targeting moieties. PSs conjugated with antibodies (Abs) or their fragments, able to bind antigens overexpressed in the tumors, have demonstrated potential in PDT of tumors. This review provides an overview of the most recent advances on photoimmunoconjugates (PICs) for cancer PDT, which involve the first and second-generation PSs conjugated to Abs. This is an update of our previous review "Antibodies armed with photosensitizers: from chemical synthesis to photobiological applications", published in 2015 in Org. Biomol. Chem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R G Fernandes
- CQE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Doxorubicin loaded carboxymethyl Assam bora rice starch coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as potential antitumor cargo. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01955. [PMID: 31294107 PMCID: PMC6595192 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, polysaccharide-decorated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have gained attention in the field of “nanotheranostics” with integrated diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Carboxymethyl Assam bora rice starch-stabilized SPIONs (CM-ABRS SPIONs), synthesized by co-precipitation method, has already shown exciting potential towards magnetic drug targeting potential. After establishing it as a promisable targeting carrier, the present study is focused on the next step i.e. to evaluate its In vitro anti-tumor potential by loading anticancer drug “Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX)” onto CM-ABRS SPIONs. DOX-loaded CM-ABRS SPIONs were physico-chemically characterized by DLS, zeta-potential, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, and VSM analysis. Spectroflourimetric analysis confirmed the maximum loading of DOX up to 6% (w/w) onto CM-ABRS SPIONs via electrostatic interactions. Further, molecular level drug performance was investigated by docking study against receptors (HER-2 and Folate receptor-α) over expressed in cancer cells and MTT assay (in MCF-7 and HeLa cell line), which conferred promisable results of DOX-CM-ABRS SPIONs as compared to standard DOX solution.
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50
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Liu J, Wang T, Willson CJ, Janardhan KS, Wu SP, Li JL, DeMayo FJ. ERBB2 Regulates MED24 during Cancer Progression in Mice with Pten and Smad4 Deletion in the Pulmonary Epithelium. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060615. [PMID: 31248101 PMCID: PMC6627404 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ERBB2 is an oncogenic driver with frequent gene mutations and amplification in human lung tumors and is an attractive target for lung cancer therapy. However, target therapies can be improved by understanding the in vivo mechanisms regulated by ERBB2 during lung tumor development. Here, we generated genetic mouse models to show that Erbb2 loss inhibited lung tumor development induced by deletion of Pten and Smad4. Transcriptome analysis showed that Erbb2 loss suppressed the significant changes of most of the induced genes by ablation of Pten and Smad4. Overlapping with ERBB2-associated human lung cancer genes further identified those ERBB2 downstream players potentially conserved in human and mouse lung tumors. Furthermore, MED24 was identified as a crucial oncogenic target of ERBB2 in lung tumor development. Taken together, ERBB2 is required for the dysregulation of cancer-related genes, such as MED24, during lung tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park (RTP), NC 27709, USA.
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, NIEHS, RTP, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | | | - San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park (RTP), NC 27709, USA.
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, NIEHS, RTP, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park (RTP), NC 27709, USA.
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