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Hunter C, Derksen T, Makhsous S, Doll M, Perez SR, Scott NE, Willis LM. Site-specific immobilization of the endosialidase reveals QSOX2 is a novel polysialylated protein. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae026. [PMID: 38489772 PMCID: PMC11031136 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a linear polymer of α2,8-linked sialic acid residues that is of fundamental biological interest due to its pivotal roles in the regulation of the nervous, immune, and reproductive systems in healthy human adults. PolySia is also dysregulated in several chronic diseases, including cancers and mental health disorders. However, the mechanisms underpinning polySia biology in health and disease remain largely unknown. The polySia-specific hydrolase, endoneuraminidase NF (EndoN), and the catalytically inactive polySia lectin EndoNDM, have been extensively used for studying polySia. However, EndoN is heat stable and remains associated with cells after washing. When studying polySia in systems with multiple polysialylated species, the residual EndoN that cannot be removed confounds data interpretation. We developed a strategy for site-specific immobilization of EndoN on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. We showed that immobilizing EndoN allows for effective removal of the enzyme from samples, while retaining hydrolase activity. We used the same strategy to immobilize the polySia lectin EndoNDM, which enabled the enrichment of polysialylated proteins from complex mixtures such as serum for their identification via mass spectrometry. We used this methodology to identify a novel polysialylated protein, QSOX2, which is secreted from the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. This method of site-specific immobilization can be utilized for other enzymes and lectins to yield insight into glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmanah Hunter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tahlia Derksen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sogand Makhsous
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Matt Doll
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Samantha Rodriguez Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lisa M Willis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
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2
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Wang S, Zhang Q, Mao X. Invasive papillary carcinoma of the breast. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1374091. [PMID: 38601769 PMCID: PMC11004302 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1374091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive papillary carcinoma is a rare form of breast cancer that is more likely to occur in postmenopausal women. Previous studies have been limited to case reports and small retrospective studies, leading to low awareness of this type of tumor and difficult clinical management. According to the available literature, invasive papillary carcinoma exhibits unique pathological features and biological behaviors. Invasive papillary carcinoma is mostly luminal type, with a low rate of lymph node metastasis, which underlies its favorable prognosis. The effectiveness of adjuvant therapy in reducing tumor burden and improving prognosis in patients with invasive papillary carcinoma remains uncertain. Due to the rarity of the lesion, conducting prospective clinical trials is impractical. The use of biological models, such as organoids, can help alleviate the impact of the scarcity of this condition on research. In addition, invasive papillary carcinoma is affected by specific genomic events, and more extensive studies of gene expression profiling may provide molecular-level insights to make optimal therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingfu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyun Mao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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3
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Mazepa E, Furlanetto ALDDM, Brum H, Nakao LS, Martinez PA, Cadena SMSC, Rocha MEM, Cunha ES, Martinez GR. Effects of redox modulation on quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase activity of melanoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:511-524. [PMID: 37103678 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Secreted quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX) is overexpressed in many tumor cell lines, including melanoma, and is usually associated with a pro-invasive phenotype. Our previous work described that B16-F10 cells enter in a quiescent state as a protective mechanism against damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during melanogenesis stimulation. Our present results show that QSOX activity was two-fold higher in cells with stimulated melanogenesis when compared to control cells. Considering that glutathione (GSH) is one of the main factor responsible for controlling redox homeostasis in cells, this work also aimed to investigate the relationship between QSOX activity, GSH levels and melanogenesis stimulation in B16-F10 murine melanoma cell line. The redox homeostasis was impaired by treating cells with GSH in excess or depleting its intracellular levels through BSO treatment. Interestingly, GSH-depleted cells without stimulation of melanogenesis kept high levels of viability, suggesting a possible adaptive mechanism of survival even under low GSH levels. They also showed lower extracellular activity of QSOX, and higher QSOX intracellular immunostaining, suggesting that this enzyme was less excreted from cells and corroborating with a diminished extracellular QSOX activity. On the other hand, cells under melanogenesis stimulation showed a lower GSH/GSSG ratio (8:1) in comparison with control (non-stimulated) cells (20:1), indicating a pro-oxidative state after stimulation. This was accompanied by decreased cell viability after GSH-depletion, no alterations in QSOX extracellular activity, but higher QSOX nucleic immunostaining. We suggest that melanogenesis stimulation and redox impairment caused by GSH-depletion enhanced the oxidative stress in these cells, contributing to additional alterations of its metabolic adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Mazepa
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences (Biochemistry), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Hulyana Brum
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences (Biochemistry), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Eliane Merlin Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences (Biochemistry), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Sousa Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences (Biochemistry), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Regina Martinez
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences (Biochemistry), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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4
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Martinez PA, Zanata SM, Nakao LS. Caveolae-mediated endocytosis of extracellular QSOX1b modulates the migration of fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113906. [PMID: 38176465 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX1) is a secreted flavoprotein that modulates cellular proliferation, migration and adhesion, roles attributed to its ability to organize the extracellular matrix. We previously showed that exogenously added QSOX1b induces smooth muscle cells migration in a process that depends on its enzymatic activity and that is mediated by hydrogen peroxide derived from Nox1, a catalytic subunit of NAD(P)H oxidases. Here, we report that exogenous QSOX1b also stimulates the migration of L929 fibroblasts and that this effect is regulated by its endocytosis. The use of endocytosis inhibitors and caveolin 1-knockdown demonstrated that this endocytic pathway is caveola-mediated. QSOX1b colocalized with Nox1 in intracellular vesicles, as detected by confocal fluorescence, suggesting that extracellular QSOX1b is endocytosed with the transmembrane Nox1. These results reveal that endosomal QSOX1b is a novel intracellular redox regulator of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierina A Martinez
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Silvio M Zanata
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lia S Nakao
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
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5
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Koelbel C, Ruiz Y, Wan Z, Wang S, Ho T, Lake D. Development of tandem antigen capture ELISAs measuring QSOX1 isoforms in plasma and serum. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:212-220. [PMID: 38036070 PMCID: PMC10843750 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
QSOX1 is a sulfhydryl oxidase that has been identified as a potential biomarker in multiple cancer types as well as acute decompensated heart failure. Three anti-QSOX1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated: 2F1, 3A10, and 56-3. MAbs 2F1 and 3A10 were generated against the short isoform of recombinant QSOX1 (rQSOX1-S), and mAb 56-3 was generated against a peptide (NEQEQPLGQWHLS) from the long isoform of QSOX1 (QSOX1-L). Using these mAbs, tandem antigen capture ELISAs were developed to quantify both short and long isoforms of QSOX1 (Total QSOX1 ELISA) and QSOX1-L (QSOX1-L ELISA) in serum and plasma samples. The Total QSOX1 ELISA pairs mAbs 2F1 and 3A10 and has a limit of detection of 109.5 pM, while the QSOX1-L ELISA pairs mAbs 2F1 and 56-3 and has a limit of detection of 10 pM. The levels of total QSOX1 and QSOX1-L were measured in a cohort of paired sera and plasma from 61 donors ≥40 years old and 15 donors <40 years old. No difference in QSOX1 levels was detected between QSOX1-L and QSOX1-S in serum, but the mean concentration of QSOX1-L was found to be 3.21 nM in serum and 5.63 nM in plasma (**p = 0.006). Our tandem ELISAs demonstrate the wide range of concentrations of QSOX1-L and QSOX1-S among individual serum and plasma samples. Since the epitope of mAb 2F1 was mapped to the first CxxC motif at residues C70 and C73 and mAb 56-3 was generated against NEQEQPLGQWHLS in QSOX1-L, our findings support previous research which suggested that QSOX1-L is secreted from cells despite a putative transmembrane domain. The ELISAs reported here may be a useful tool for investigating QSOX1 isoforms as potential biomarkers in cancer and/or heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Koelbel
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yvette Ruiz
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Zijian Wan
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thai Ho
- Divison of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Douglas Lake
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Abstract
Although fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has been successfully implemented and well-explored for protein targets, its feasibility for RNA targets is emerging. Despite the challenges associated with the selective targeting of RNA, efforts to integrate known methods of RNA binder discovery with fragment-based approaches have been fruitful, as a few bioactive ligands have been identified. Here, we review various fragment-based approaches implemented for RNA targets and provide insights into experimental design and outcomes to guide future work in the area. Indeed, investigations surrounding the molecular recognition of RNA by fragments address rather important questions such as the limits of molecular weight that confer selective binding and the physicochemical properties favorable for RNA binding and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessy M. Suresh
- UF Scripps Biomedical Research & The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Amirhossein Taghavi
- UF Scripps Biomedical Research & The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jessica L. Childs-Disney
- UF Scripps Biomedical Research & The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Matthew D. Disney
- UF Scripps Biomedical Research & The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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7
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Millar‐Haskell CS, Sperduto JL, Slater JH, Thorpe C, Gleghorn JP. Secretion of the disulfide bond generating catalyst QSOX1 from pancreatic tumor cells into the extracellular matrix: association with extracellular vesicles and matrix proteins. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e48. [PMID: 36590238 PMCID: PMC9797115 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is a disulfide bond generating catalyst that is overexpressed in solid tumors. Expression of QSOX1 is linked to cancer cell invasion, tumor grade, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition. While the secreted version of QSOX1 is known to be present in various fluids and secretory tissues, its presence in the ECM of cancer is less understood. To characterize secreted QSOX1, we separated conditioned media based on size and density. We discovered that the majority of secreted QSOX1 resides in the EV-depleted fraction and in the soluble protein fraction. Very little QSOX1 could be detected in the EVP fraction. We used immunofluorescence to image subpopulations of EVs and found QSOX1 in Golgi-derived vesicles and medium/large vesicles, but in general, most extracellular QSOX1 was not attributed to these vesicles. Next, we quantified QSOX1 co-localization with the EV marker Alix. For the medium/large EVs, ~98% contained QSOX1 when fibronectin was used as a coating. However, on collagen coatings, only ~60% of these vesicles contained QSOX1, suggesting differences in EV cargo based on ECM coated surfaces. About 10% of small EVs co-localized with QSOX1 on every ECM protein surface except for collagen (0.64%). We next investigated adhesion of QSOX1 to ECM proteins in vitro and in situ and found that QSOX1 preferentially adheres to fibronectin, laminins, and Matrigel compared to gelatin and collagen. This mechanism was found to be, in part, mediated by the formation of mixed disulfides between QSOX1 and cysteine-rich ECM proteins. In summary, we found that QSOX1 (1) is in subpopulations of medium/large EVs, (2) seems to interact with small Alix+ EVs, and (3) adheres to cysteine-rich ECM proteins, potentially through the formation of intermediate disulfides. These observations offer significant insight into how enzymes, such as QSOX1, can facilitate matrix remodeling events in solid tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John L. Sperduto
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - John H. Slater
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Colin Thorpe
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Jason P. Gleghorn
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
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8
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Finding New Ways How to Control BACE1. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:293-318. [PMID: 35305135 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, all applications of BACE1 inhibitors failed as therapeutical targets for Alzheimer´s disease (AD) due to severe side effects. Therefore, alternative ways for treatment development are a hot research topic. The present analysis investigates BACE1 protein-protein interaction networks and attempts to solve the absence of complete knowledge about pathways involving BACE1. A bioinformatics analysis matched the functions of the non-substrate interaction network with Voltage-gated potassium channels, which also appear as top priority protein nodes. Targeting BACE1 interactions with PS1 and GGA-s, blocking of BACE1 access to APP by BRI3 and RTN-s, activation of Wnt signaling and upregulation of β-catenin, and brain delivery of the extracellular domain of p75NTR, are the main alternatives to the use of BACE 1 inhibitors highlighted by the analysis. The pathway enrichment analysis also emphasized substrates and substrate candidates with essential biological functions, which cleavage must remain controlled. They include ephrin receptors, ROBO1, ROBO2, CNTN-s, CASPR-s, CD147, CypB, TTR, APLP1/APLP2, NRXN-s, and PTPR-s. The analysis of the interaction subnetwork of BACE1 functionally related to inflammation identified a connection to three cardiomyopathies, which supports the hypothesis of the common molecular mechanisms with AD. A lot of potential shows the regulation of BACE1 activity through post-translational modifications. The interaction network of BACE1 and its phosphorylation enzyme CSNK1D functionally match the Circadian clock, p53, and Hedgehog signaling pathways. The regulation of BACE1 glycosylation could be achieved through N-acetylglucosamine transferases, α-(1→6)-fucosyltransferase, β-galactoside α-(2→6)-sialyltransferases, galactosyltransferases, and mannosidases suggested by the interaction network analysis of BACE1-MGAT3. The present analysis proposes possibilities for the alternative control of AD pathology.
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently recognized iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by lipid peroxide accumulation to lethal levels. Cancer cells, which show an increased iron dependency to enable rapid growth, seem vulnerable to ferroptosis. There is also increasing evidence that ferroptosis might be immunogenic and therefore could synergize with immunotherapies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor with a low survival rate due to frequent recurrence and limited efficacy of conventional chemotherapies, illustrating the urgent need for novel drug approaches or combinatorial strategies. Immunotherapy is a new treatment approach for advanced HCC patients. In this setting, ferroptosis inducers may have substantial clinical potential. However, there are still many questions to answer before the mystery of ferroptosis is fully unveiled. This review discusses the existing studies and our current understanding regarding the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis with the goal of enhancing response to immunotherapy of liver cancer. In addition, challenges and opportunities in clinical applications of potential candidates for ferroptosis-driven therapeutic strategies will be summarized. Unraveling the role of ferroptosis in the immune response could benefit the development of promising anti-cancer therapies that overcome drug resistance and prevent tumor metastasis.
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Deep Membrane Proteome Profiling Reveals Overexpression of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) in High-Risk Human Paraganglioma and Pheochromocytoma, Suggesting New Theranostic Opportunity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216567. [PMID: 34770976 PMCID: PMC8587166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla or sympathetic or parasympathetic paraganglia, respectively. To identify new therapeutic targets, we performed a detailed membrane-focused proteomic analysis of five human paraganglioma (PGL) samples. Using the Pitchfork strategy, which combines specific enrichments of glycopeptides, hydrophobic transmembrane segments, and non-glycosylated extra-membrane peptides, we identified over 1800 integral membrane proteins (IMPs). We found 45 “tumor enriched” proteins, i.e., proteins identified in all five PGLs but not found in control chromaffin tissue. Among them, 18 IMPs were predicted to be localized on the cell surface, a preferred drug targeting site, including prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a well-established target for nuclear imaging and therapy of advanced prostate cancer. Using specific antibodies, we verified PSMA expression in 22 well-characterized human PPGL samples. Compared to control chromaffin tissue, PSMA was markedly overexpressed in high-risk PPGLs belonging to the established Cluster 1, which is characterized by worse clinical outcomes, pseudohypoxia, multiplicity, recurrence, and metastasis, specifically including SDHB, VHL, and EPAS1 mutations. Using immunohistochemistry, we localized PSMA expression to tumor vasculature. Our study provides the first direct evidence of PSMA overexpression in PPGLs which could translate to therapeutic and diagnostic applications of anti-PSMA radio-conjugates in high-risk PPGLs.
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Konno T, Melo EP, Chambers JE, Avezov E. Intracellular Sources of ROS/H 2O 2 in Health and Neurodegeneration: Spotlight on Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cells 2021; 10:233. [PMID: 33504070 PMCID: PMC7912550 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced continuously throughout the cell as products of various redox reactions. Yet these products function as important signal messengers, acting through oxidation of specific target factors. Whilst excess ROS production has the potential to induce oxidative stress, physiological roles of ROS are supported by a spatiotemporal equilibrium between ROS producers and scavengers such as antioxidative enzymes. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a non-radical ROS, is produced through the process of oxidative folding. Utilisation and dysregulation of H2O2, in particular that generated in the ER, affects not only cellular homeostasis but also the longevity of organisms. ROS dysregulation has been implicated in various pathologies including dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases, sanctioning a field of research that strives to better understand cell-intrinsic ROS production. Here we review the organelle-specific ROS-generating and consuming pathways, providing evidence that the ER is a major contributing source of potentially pathologic ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Konno
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Eduardo Pinho Melo
- CCMAR—Centro de Ciências do Mar, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Joseph E. Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK;
| | - Edward Avezov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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12
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Li C, Zuo W, Tong X, Han M, Gao R, Hu H, Lu K, Luan Y, Zhang B, Liu Y, Dai F. Whole-genome resequencing reveals loci under selection during silkworm improvement. J Anim Breed Genet 2020; 138:278-290. [PMID: 33044783 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Breeding or genetic improvement refers to the process of artificial selection following domestication; as such, it has had a major influence on modern agriculture and animal production. Improvement generally focuses on traits that greatly affect the economic performance. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis underlying improvement will contribute to the identification of genes controlling economic traits and will facilitate future crop and animal breeding. However, genome-wide study of the molecular basis underlying improvement remains rare. The silkworm is a unique, entirely domesticated economically important invertebrate; genetic improvement has had a huge effect on the silkworm regarding silk-related traits. Herein, we performed whole-genomic sequencing on local and genetically improved silkworm lines to identify the genomic regions under strong selection in silkworm breeding/improvement. By genomic-wide selective sweeping analysis, we identified 24 genomic regions with strong selection signals, eight of which contained 13 candidate genes underlying silkworm breeding. Interestingly, six of these genes were annotated with functions related to neural signal response. Among the six genes, BGIBMGA004050 encodes silkworm CREB-regulated_transcription_coactivator_1 (BmCRTC1), which was reported to be involved in energy-sensing pathways. These results suggested that improvement may have affected the nervous system of the silkworm. This research will provide new insights into the genetic basis underlying the genetic improvement of silkworms and possibly of other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weidong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minjin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kunpeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Geng Y, Xu C, Wang Y, Zhang L. Quiescin Sulfhydryl Oxidase 1 Regulates the Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells via PI3K/Akt Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5721-5729. [PMID: 32606784 PMCID: PMC7306469 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s255941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) involves in the formation of disulfide bonds and participates in the protein folding process. In recent years, accumulating evidences have shown that QSOX1 is a biomarker for tumor development and prognosis. However, the biological function of QSOX1 in glioblastoma (GBM) remains unclear. Materials and Methods QSOX1 expression in glioma and overall survival of glioma patients were analyzed through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. shRNAs were used to decrease the expression of QSOX1 in U87 and U251 cells. Celltiter-Glo and colony formation assays were used to assess cell proliferation. Transwell and scratch assays were utilized to determine cell migration and invasion, the xenograft mouse models were established to evaluate the effect of QSOX1 knockdown in vivo. Western blot assays were used to detect the changes of E-cadherin/N-cadherin/vimentin and PI3K/Akt pathway. Results We found that QSOX1 was upregulated in glioma, especially in GBM. Upregulation of QSOX1 was correlated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. We discovered for the first time that suppression of QSOX1 expression inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GBM cell lines. In addition, phosphorylated PI3K and Akt were downregulated in the QSOX1-knockdown groups. Moreover, QSOX1 knockdown-impaired cell growth was partially rescued by Akt activator. Conclusion Our findings revealed that QSOX1 was a novel biomarker for GBM patients and QSOX1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion through regulating PI3K/Akt pathway in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Kelemen O, Pla I, Sanchez A, Rezeli M, Szasz AM, Malm J, Laszlo V, Kwon HJ, Dome B, Marko-Varga G. Proteomic analysis enables distinction of early- versus advanced-stage lung adenocarcinomas. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e106. [PMID: 32536039 PMCID: PMC7403673 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A gel‐free proteomic approach was utilized to perform in‐depth tissue protein profiling of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and normal lung tissues from early and advanced stages of the disease. The long‐term goal of this study is to generate a large‐scale, label‐free proteomics dataset from histologically well‐classified lung ADC that can be used to increase further our understanding of disease progression and aid in identifying novel biomarkers. Methods and results Cases of early‐stage (I‐II) and advanced‐stage (III‐IV) lung ADCs were selected and paired with normal lung tissues from 22 patients. The histologically and clinically stratified human primary lung ADCs were analyzed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. From the analysis of ADC and normal specimens, 4863 protein groups were identified. To examine the protein expression profile of ADC, a peak area‐based quantitation method was used. In early‐ and advanced‐stage ADC, 365 and 366 proteins were differentially expressed, respectively, between normal and tumor tissues (adjusted P‐value < .01, fold change ≥ 4). A total of 155 proteins were dysregulated between early‐ and advanced‐stage ADCs and 18 were suggested as early‐specific stage ADC. In silico functional analysis of the upregulated proteins in both tumor groups revealed that most of the enriched pathways are involved in mRNA metabolism. Furthermore, the most overrepresented pathways in the proteins that were unique to ADC are related to mRNA metabolic processes. Conclusions Further analysis of these data may provide an insight into the molecular pathways involved in disease etiology and may lead to the identification of biomarker candidates and potential targets for therapy. Our study provides potential diagnostic biomarkers for lung ADC and novel stage‐specific drug targets for rational intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kelemen
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Indira Pla
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aniel Sanchez
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Attila Marcell Szasz
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Cancer Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Chemical Genomics Global Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johan Malm
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Chemical Genomics Global Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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15
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Do WL, Conneely K, Gabram-Mendola S, Krishnamurti U, D'Angelo O, Miller-Kleinhenz J, Gogineni K, Torres M, McCullough LE. Obesity-associated methylation in breast tumors: a possible link to disparate outcomes? Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 181:135-144. [PMID: 32236829 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE As a primary risk factor and modifier of breast cancer incidence and prognosis, obesity may contribute to race disparities in breast cancer outcomes. This study examined association between obesity and DNA methylation in non-Hispanic Black and White women diagnosed with breast cancer. METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation was measured in the breast cancer tumor tissue of 96 women using the EPIC array. To examine the association between obesity and tumor methylation, linear regression models were used-regressing methylation β value for each cytosine and guanine (CpG) site on body mass index adjusting for covariates. Significance was set at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. In the top 20 CpG sites, we explored the interactions with race and estrogen receptor (ER) status. We used multivariable Cox-proportional hazard models to examine whether methylation in the top 20 sites was associated with all-cause mortality. RESULTS While none of the CpG sites passed the FDR threshold for significance, among the top 20 CpG sites, we observed interactions with race (TOMM20) and ER status (PSMB1, QSOX1 and PHF1). The same CpG sites in TOMM20, PSMB1, and QSOX1 were associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS We identified novel interactions between obesity-associated methylation and both race and ER status in genes that have been associated with tumor regulation. Our data suggest that dysregulation in two sites may associate with all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L Do
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Karen Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Uma Krishnamurti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Olivia D'Angelo
- Department of Surgery, Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jasmine Miller-Kleinhenz
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Keerthi Gogineni
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mylin Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lauren E McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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16
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Differential Expression of Nicotine Acetylcholine Receptors Associates with Human Breast Cancer and Mediates Antitumor Activity of αO-Conotoxin GeXIVA. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18010061. [PMID: 31963558 PMCID: PMC7024346 DOI: 10.3390/md18010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are membrane receptors and play a major role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Here, we have investigated the differential expression of nAChR subunits in human breast cancer cell lines and breast epithelial cell lines at mRNA and protein levels and the effects of the αO-conotoxin GeXIVA, antagonist of α9α10 nAChR, on human breast cancer cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated that all nAChR subunits, except α6, were expressed in the 20 tested cell lines. Real time quantitative PCR (QRT-PCR) suggested that the mRNA of α5, α7, α9 and β4 nAChR subunits were overexpressed in all the breast cancer cell lines compared with the normal epithelial cell line HS578BST. α9 nAChR was highly expressed in almost all the breast cancer cell lines in comparison to normal cells. The different expression is prominent (p < 0.001) as determined by flow cytometry and Western blotting, except for MDA-MB-453 and HCC1395 cell lines. αO-conotoxin GeXIVA that targeted α9α10 nAChR were able to significantly inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and merits further investigation as potential agents for targeted therapy.
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17
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França KC, Martinez PA, Prado ML, Lo SM, Borges BE, Zanata SM, San Martin A, Nakao LS. Quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase 1b (QSOX1b) induces migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by distinct redox pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 679:108220. [PMID: 31812669 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Quiescent and contractile VSMC can switch to proliferative and migratory phenotype in response to growth factors and cytokines, an effect underscored by Nox family NADPH oxidases, particularly Nox1. We previously showed that quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) has a role in neointima formation in balloon-injured rat carotid. Here, we investigated the intracellular redox mechanisms underlying these effects in primary VSMC. Our results show that exogenous incubation with wild type QSOX1b (wt QSOX), or with secreted QSOX1, but not with the inactive C452S QSOX 1b (C452S QSOX) or secreted inactive C455S QSOX1, induces VSMC migration and chemotaxis. PEG-catalase (PEG-CAT) prevented, while PEG-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) increased migration induced by wt QSOX. Moreover, wt QSOX-induced migration was abrogated in NOX1-null VSMC. In contrast, both wt QSOX and C452S QSOX, and both secreted QSOX1 and C455S QSOX1, induce cell proliferation. Such effect was unaltered by PEG-CAT, while being inhibited by PEG-SOD. However, QSOX1-induced proliferation was not significantly affected in NOX1-null VSMC, compared with WT VSMC. These results indicate that hydrogen peroxide and superoxide mediate, respectively, migration and proliferation. However, Nox1 was required only for QSOX1-induced migration. In parallel, QSOX1-induced proliferation was independent of its redox activity, although mediated by intracellular superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karime C França
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Pierina A Martinez
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Maiara L Prado
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Sze M Lo
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Beatriz E Borges
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Silvio M Zanata
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | | | - Lia S Nakao
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.
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18
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Fifield AL, Hanavan PD, Faigel DO, Sergienko E, Bobkov A, Meurice N, Petit JL, Polito A, Caulfield TR, Castle EP, Copland JA, Mukhopadhyay D, Pal K, Dutta SK, Luo H, Ho TH, Lake DF. Molecular Inhibitor of QSOX1 Suppresses Tumor Growth In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:112-122. [PMID: 31575656 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is an enzyme overexpressed by many different tumor types. QSOX1 catalyzes the formation of disulfide bonds in proteins. Because short hairpin knockdowns (KD) of QSOX1 have been shown to suppress tumor growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo, we hypothesized that chemical compounds inhibiting QSOX1 enzymatic activity would also suppress tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. High throughput screening using a QSOX1-based enzymatic assay revealed multiple potential QSOX1 inhibitors. One of the inhibitors, known as "SBI-183," suppresses tumor cell growth in a Matrigel-based spheroid assay and inhibits invasion in a modified Boyden chamber, but does not affect viability of nonmalignant cells. Oral administration of SBI-183 inhibits tumor growth in 2 independent human xenograft mouse models of renal cell carcinoma. We conclude that SBI-183 warrants further exploration as a useful tool for understanding QSOX1 biology and as a potential novel anticancer agent in tumors that overexpress QSOX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Fifield
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | | | - Douglas O Faigel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Eduard Sergienko
- Assay Development, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrey Bobkov
- Assay Development, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | - Alysia Polito
- Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Thomas R Caulfield
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Mayo Graduate School, Neurobiology of Disease, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics & Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Erik P Castle
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Krishnendu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Shamit K Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Huijun Luo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Thai H Ho
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona.
| | - Douglas F Lake
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
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19
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Wang X, Srivastava Y, Jankowski A, Malik V, Wei Y, Del Rosario RC, Cojocaru V, Prabhakar S, Jauch R. DNA-mediated dimerization on a compact sequence signature controls enhancer engagement and regulation by FOXA1. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:5470-5486. [PMID: 29669022 PMCID: PMC6009666 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXA1 is a transcription factor capable to bind silenced chromatin to direct context-dependent cell fate conversion. Here, we demonstrate that a compact palindromic DNA element (termed 'DIV' for its diverging half-sites) induces the homodimerization of FOXA1 with strongly positive cooperativity. Alternative structural models are consistent with either an indirect DNA-mediated cooperativity or a direct protein-protein interaction. The cooperative homodimer formation is strictly constrained by precise half-site spacing. Re-analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data indicates that the DIV is effectively targeted by FOXA1 in the context of chromatin. Reporter assays show that FOXA1-dependent transcriptional activity declines when homodimeric binding is disrupted. In response to phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibition DIV sites pre-bound by FOXA1 such as at the PVT1/MYC locus exhibit a strong increase in accessibility suggesting a role of the DIV configuration in the chromatin closed-open dynamics. Moreover, several disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms map to DIV elements and show allelic differences in FOXA1 homodimerization, reporter gene expression and are annotated as quantitative trait loci. This includes the rs541455835 variant at the MAPT locus encoding the Tau protein associated with Parkinson's disease. Collectively, the DIV guides chromatin engagement and regulation by FOXA1 and its perturbation could be linked to disease etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.,Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yogesh Srivastava
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.,Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aleksander Jankowski
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore.,Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.,Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vikas Malik
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.,Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanjie Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.,Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ricardo Ch Del Rosario
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames St., Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Vlad Cojocaru
- Computational Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, Münster 48149, Germany.,Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms University, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Ralf Jauch
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.,Genome Regulation Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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Resnick E, Bradley A, Gan J, Douangamath A, Krojer T, Sethi R, Geurink PP, Aimon A, Amitai G, Bellini D, Bennett J, Fairhead M, Fedorov O, Gabizon R, Gan J, Guo J, Plotnikov A, Reznik N, Ruda GF, Díaz-Sáez L, Straub VM, Szommer T, Velupillai S, Zaidman D, Zhang Y, Coker AR, Dowson CG, Barr HM, Wang C, Huber KVM, Brennan PE, Ovaa H, von Delft F, London N. Rapid Covalent-Probe Discovery by Electrophile-Fragment Screening. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8951-8968. [PMID: 31060360 PMCID: PMC6556873 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Covalent probes can display unmatched potency, selectivity, and duration of action; however, their discovery is challenging. In principle, fragments that can irreversibly bind their target can overcome the low affinity that limits reversible fragment screening, but such electrophilic fragments were considered nonselective and were rarely screened. We hypothesized that mild electrophiles might overcome the selectivity challenge and constructed a library of 993 mildly electrophilic fragments. We characterized this library by a new high-throughput thiol-reactivity assay and screened them against 10 cysteine-containing proteins. Highly reactive and promiscuous fragments were rare and could be easily eliminated. In contrast, we found hits for most targets. Combining our approach with high-throughput crystallography allowed rapid progression to potent and selective probes for two enzymes, the deubiquitinase OTUB2 and the pyrophosphatase NUDT7. No inhibitors were previously known for either. This study highlights the potential of electrophile-fragment screening as a practical and efficient tool for covalent-ligand discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Bradley
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , U.K.,Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0QX , U.K
| | | | - Alice Douangamath
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0QX , U.K
| | | | - Ritika Sethi
- Structural Biology Research Center , VIB , Brussels , Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Paul P Geurink
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology , Leiden University Medical Center , Einthovenweg 20 , 2333 ZC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Aimon
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , U.K.,Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0QX , U.K
| | | | - Dom Bellini
- School of Life Sciences , University of Warwick , Coventry , U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Jin Gan
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology , Leiden University Medical Center , Einthovenweg 20 , 2333 ZC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Jingxu Guo
- Division of Medicine , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alun R Coker
- Division of Medicine , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul E Brennan
- School of Life Sciences , University of Warwick , Coventry , U.K.,Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute , University of Oxford , NDMRB, Roosevelt Drive , Oxford OX3 7FZ , U.K
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology , Leiden University Medical Center , Einthovenweg 20 , 2333 ZC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Frank von Delft
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0QX , U.K.,Department of Biochemistry , University of Johannesburg , Auckland Park 2006 , South Africa
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21
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del Pilar Chantada-Vázquez M, López AC, Bravo SB, Vázquez-Estévez S, Acea-Nebril B, Núñez C. Proteomic analysis of the bio-corona formed on the surface of (Au, Ag, Pt)-nanoparticles in human serum. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 177:141-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Valoskova K, Biebl J, Roblek M, Emtenani S, Gyoergy A, Misova M, Ratheesh A, Reis-Rodrigues P, Shkarina K, Larsen ISB, Vakhrushev SY, Clausen H, Siekhaus DE. A conserved major facilitator superfamily member orchestrates a subset of O-glycosylation to aid macrophage tissue invasion. eLife 2019; 8:e41801. [PMID: 30910009 PMCID: PMC6435326 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant display of the truncated core1 O-glycan T-antigen is a common feature of human cancer cells that correlates with metastasis. Here we show that T-antigen in Drosophila melanogaster macrophages is involved in their developmentally programmed tissue invasion. Higher macrophage T-antigen levels require an atypical major facilitator superfamily (MFS) member that we named Minerva which enables macrophage dissemination and invasion. We characterize for the first time the T and Tn glycoform O-glycoproteome of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo, and determine that Minerva increases the presence of T-antigen on proteins in pathways previously linked to cancer, most strongly on the sulfhydryl oxidase Qsox1 which we show is required for macrophage tissue entry. Minerva's vertebrate ortholog, MFSD1, rescues the minerva mutant's migration and T-antigen glycosylation defects. We thus identify a key conserved regulator that orchestrates O-glycosylation on a protein subset to activate a program governing migration steps important for both development and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Biebl
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Marko Roblek
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Shamsi Emtenani
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Attila Gyoergy
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Michaela Misova
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Aparna Ratheesh
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ida Signe Bohse Larsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Daria E Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
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23
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Katchman BA, Tolgay Ocal I, Cunliffe HE, Chang YH, Hostetter G, Watanabe A, LoBello J, Lake DF. Correction to: Expression of quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 is associated with a highly invasive phenotype and correlates with a poor prognosis in luminal B breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:89. [PMID: 30089519 PMCID: PMC6081915 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-0998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Katchman
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA
| | - I Tolgay Ocal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E. Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Heather E Cunliffe
- Department of Investigational Pathology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N Fifth St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Yu-Hui Chang
- Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13208 E. Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Galen Hostetter
- Department of Investigational Pathology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N Fifth St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Aprill Watanabe
- Department of Investigational Pathology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N Fifth St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Janine LoBello
- Department of Investigational Pathology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N Fifth St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Douglas F Lake
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA.
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24
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Baek JA, Song PH, Ko Y, Gu MJ. High expression of QSOX1 is associated with tumor invasiveness and high grades groups in prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:964-967. [PMID: 29804717 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men, and biologically shows highly heterogeneous clinical outcomes, despite early detection. Therefore, the identification of novel molecular markers that are associated with biological aggressiveness is very important for prostatic cancer clinical outcome predictions and treatment choices. Here, we investigate quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) expression and evaluate its clinicopathological significance and prognostic impact in prostate cancers, with immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. QSOX1 over-expression was observed in 12 (11.2%) of prostate cancers. High QSOX1 expression significantly associated with prostate cancer with vascular invasion, neural invasion, extra prostatic extension, higher pT stage, higher pathological tumor stage, higher prognostic grouping, and higher grades groups, but did not associated with worse overall survival. High QSOX1 expression correlates with tumor invasiveness and Gleason grade, reflects aggressive tumor features, and could be an important biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Baek
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 42415 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Hyun Song
- Department of Urology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 2415 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungHwii Ko
- Department of Urology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 2415 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Gu
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 42415 Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Reduced QSOX1 enhances radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3230-3241. [PMID: 29423042 PMCID: PMC5790459 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is a major cause leads to treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In our previous study, we identified that QSOX1 is a differentially expressed protein in NPC cell lines with variable radiosensitivities. The present study aimed to investigate the biological behavior of QSOX1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its effect on radiosensitivity. The levels of QSOX1 detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in radioresistant NPC patient sera and tissue samples were markedly lower than those in radiosensitive samples. Small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were employed to knock down endogenous QSOX1 expression in CNE-2 cells, and then, radiosensitivity, apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed using colony formation, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively. Tumor growth and radioresistance were also evaluated using a xenograft model in nude mice. The shRNA-mediated knockdown of QSOX1 significantly increased cell survival under irradiation (IR) and weakened radiosensitivity, which was likely due to a reduction in the cell apoptosis rate after IR. Moreover, QSOX1 silencing led to the suppression of cellular migration and invasion. Similar results were obtained with the xenograft mouse model. Thus, targeting QSOX1 will provide a new avenue for increasing the sensitivity of NPC to radiotherapy.
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26
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Dai X, Cheng H, Bai Z, Li J. Breast Cancer Cell Line Classification and Its Relevance with Breast Tumor Subtyping. J Cancer 2017; 8:3131-3141. [PMID: 29158785 PMCID: PMC5665029 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 654] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cell lines have been widely used for breast cancer modelling which encompasses a panel of diseases with distinct phenotypical associations. Though cell lines provide unlimited homogenous materials for tumor studies and are relatively easy to culture, they are known to accumulate mutations duringthe initial establishment and subsequent series of cultivations. Thus, whether breast cancer cell line heterogeneity reflects that of carcinoma remains an important issue to resolve before drawing any reliable conclusion at the tumor level using cell lines. Inconsistent nomenclatures used for breast cancer cell line subtyping and the different number of subtypes grouped for cell lines and tumors make their direct matching elusive. By analyzing the molecular features of 92 breast cancer cell lines as documented by different literatures, we categorize 84 cell lines into 5 groups to be consistent with breast tumor classification. After combing through these cell lines, we summarized the molecular features, genetically and epigenetically, of each subtype, and manually documented 10 cell lines lacking explicit information on subtyping. Nine cell lines, either found inconsistent on their primary molecular features from different studies or being contaminated at the origin, are not suggested as the first choice for experimental use. We conclude that breast tumor cell lines, though having a high mutational frequency with many uncertainties and could not fully capture breast cancer heterogeneity, are feasible but crude models for tumors of the same subtype. New cell lines with enriched interferon regulated genes need to be established to enlarge the coverage of cell lines on tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongye Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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27
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Rychtarcikova Z, Lettlova S, Tomkova V, Korenkova V, Langerova L, Simonova E, Zjablovskaja P, Alberich-Jorda M, Neuzil J, Truksa J. Tumor-initiating cells of breast and prostate origin show alterations in the expression of genes related to iron metabolism. Oncotarget 2017; 8:6376-6398. [PMID: 28031527 PMCID: PMC5351639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of iron in the growth and progression of tumors has been widely documented. In this report, we show that tumor-initiating cells (TICs), represented by spheres derived from the MCF7 cell line, exhibit higher intracellular labile iron pool, mitochondrial iron accumulation and are more susceptible to iron chelation. TICs also show activation of the IRP/IRE system, leading to higher iron uptake and decrease in iron storage, suggesting that level of properly assembled cytosolic iron-sulfur clusters (FeS) is reduced. This finding is confirmed by lower enzymatic activity of aconitase and FeS cluster biogenesis enzymes, as well as lower levels of reduced glutathione, implying reduced FeS clusters synthesis/utilization in TICs. Importantly, we have identified specific gene signature related to iron metabolism consisting of genes regulating iron uptake, mitochondrial FeS cluster biogenesis and hypoxic response (ABCB10, ACO1, CYBRD1, EPAS1, GLRX5, HEPH, HFE, IREB2, QSOX1 and TFRC). Principal component analysis based on this signature is able to distinguish TICs from cancer cells in vitro and also Leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) from non-LICs in the mouse model of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Majority of the described changes were also recapitulated in an alternative model represented by MCF7 cells resistant to tamoxifen (TAMR) that exhibit features of TICs. Our findings point to the critical importance of redox balance and iron metabolism-related genes and proteins in the context of cancer and TICs that could be potentially used for cancer diagnostics or therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Biological Transport
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Iron/metabolism
- Iron Chelating Agents/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- MCF-7 Cells
- Male
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Phenotype
- Principal Component Analysis
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Spheroids, Cellular
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Rychtarcikova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Lettlova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Tomkova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Korenkova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Langerova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ekaterina Simonova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Polina Zjablovskaja
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jaroslav Truksa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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QSOX1 expression is associated with aggressive tumor features and reduced survival in breast carcinomas. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:1485-1491. [PMID: 27562495 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The biological role of quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) in tumor development is not well known, and its relation to breast cancer progression and prognosis is controversial. Here, our aim was to study the expression pattern and prognostic impact of QSOX1 in breast cancer, in relation to molecular subgroups and tumor cell proliferation. We examined a population-based series as part of the prospective Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program, including all women (50-69 years) diagnosed with breast cancer in one county of Norway during 1996-2003. QSOX1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (n=458). Median follow-up time was 13 years. High expression of QSOX1 protein was associated with features of poor prognosis including high histologic grade, hormone receptor negativity, HER2 positivity, and increased tumor cell proliferation. High QSOX1 expression was further associated with reduced breast cancer-specific survival in both univariate and multivariate analysis, independent of molecular subtypes. High QSOX1 expression is a strong and independent factor of reduced survival in breast cancer, also reflected by elevated levels in more aggressive molecular subgroups. QSOX1 expression may represent a biomarker for aggressive disease and a potential treatment target.
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29
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Bosse K, Haneder S, Arlt C, Ihling CH, Seufferlein T, Sinz A. Mass spectrometry-based secretome analysis of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Proteomics 2016; 16:2801-2814. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Bosse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics; Institute of Pharmacy; Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | | | - Christian Arlt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics; Institute of Pharmacy; Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Christian H. Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics; Institute of Pharmacy; Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | | | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics; Institute of Pharmacy; Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
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30
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Hanavan PD, Borges CR, Katchman BA, Faigel DO, Ho TH, Ma CT, Sergienko EA, Meurice N, Petit JL, Lake DF. Ebselen inhibits QSOX1 enzymatic activity and suppresses invasion of pancreatic and renal cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18418-28. [PMID: 26158899 PMCID: PMC4621900 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is a highly conserved disulfide bond-generating enzyme that is overexpressed in diverse tumor types. Its enzymatic activity promotes the growth and invasion of tumor cells and alters extracellular matrix composition. In a nude mouse-human tumor xenograft model, tumors containing shRNA for QSOX1 grew significantly more slowly than controls, suggesting that QSOX1 supports a proliferative phenotype in vivo. High throughput screening experiments identified ebselen as an in vitro inhibitor of QSOX1 enzymatic activity. Ebselen treatment of pancreatic and renal cancer cell lines stalled tumor growth and inhibited invasion through Matrigel in vitro. Daily oral treatment with ebselen resulted in a 58% reduction in tumor growth in mice bearing human pancreatic tumor xenografts compared to controls. Mass spectrometric analysis of ebselen-treated QSOX1 mechanistically revealed that C165 and C237 of QSOX1 covalently bound to ebselen. This report details the anti-neoplastic properties of ebselen in pancreatic and renal cancer cell lines. The results here offer a “proof-of-principle” that enzymatic inhibition of QSOX1 may have clinical relevancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Hanavan
- School of Life Sciences, Mayo Clinic Collaborative Research Building, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Chad R Borges
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin A Katchman
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Thai H Ho
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Chen-Ting Ma
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eduard A Sergienko
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas F Lake
- School of Life Sciences, Mayo Clinic Collaborative Research Building, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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31
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The flavo-oxidase QSOX1 supports vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation: Evidence for a role in neointima growth. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1334-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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Zeidan BA, Townsend PA, Garbis SD, Copson E, Cutress RI. Clinical proteomics and breast cancer. Surgeon 2015; 13:271-8. [PMID: 25736469 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Yet, many molecular players and mechanisms behind the complexity of its clinical behaviour remain unknown, and advances in biomedical research are expected to unravel novel molecular discoveries in breast and other cancers. Clinical proteomics is currently experiencing rapid advances in technology that promise new means to improve breast cancer early diagnosis, stratification, and treatment response. METHODS We reviewed recent literature adopting clinical proteomics in breast cancer research. FINDINGS This review highlights the principles, advantages, limitations, discoveries and future prospects of recent clinical proteomics discovery efforts in breast cancer research. CONCLUSION Numerous proteomic studies of breast cancer have been accomplished aiming to aid the development of personalised therapies, increase understanding of post treatment relapse, and help improve prediction of patient prognosis. This has led to the possible identification of profiles refining breast cancer subtypes and the discovery of novel biomarkers pointing towards diagnostic and prognostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar A Zeidan
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Spiros D Garbis
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ellen Copson
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ramsey I Cutress
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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33
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Mesmin C, Domon B. Improvement of the Performance of Targeted LC–MS Assays through Enrichment of Histidine-Containing Peptides. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:6160-8. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5008152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Mesmin
- Luxembourg Clinical Proteomics
Center, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé (CRP-Santé), Strassen 1445, Luxembourg
| | - Bruno Domon
- Luxembourg Clinical Proteomics
Center, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé (CRP-Santé), Strassen 1445, Luxembourg
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34
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is an enzyme that oxidizes thiols during protein folding, reducing molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Tumor cells may take advantage of oxidative environments at different stages of tumorigenesis, but QSOX1 may also serve additional functions in tumors. RECENT ADVANCES Several groups have reported the over-expression of QSOX1 in breast, pancreas, and prostate cancers. A consensus is building that QSOX1 over-expression is important during tumor cell invasion, facilitating tumor cell migration at the tumor-stroma interface. As such, QSOX1 may be considered a prognostic indicator of metastatic potential or even indicate that cancer is present in a host. CRITICAL ISSUES However, some controversy exists between QSOX1 as a marker of poor or favorable outcome in breast cancer. More studies are required to reveal what advantage QSOX1 provides to breast and other types of cancer. More specifically, it is critical to learn which tumor types over-express QSOX1 and use its enzymatic activity to their advantage. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As interest increases in understanding the mechanisms of tumorigenesis within the extracellular matrix and how tumor cells influence fibroblasts and other stromal cells, QSOX1 may be revealed as an important player in cancer detection and prognosis. Defining the mechanism(s) of QSOX1 activity in tumors and in in vivo models will provide important insights into how to target QSOX1 with anti-neoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas F Lake
- 1 School of Life Sciences, ASU/Mayo Clinic , Scottsdale, Arizona
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35
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Israel BA, Jiang L, Gannon SA, Thorpe C. Disulfide bond generation in mammalian blood serum: detection and purification of quiescin-sulfhydryl oxidase. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:129-35. [PMID: 24468475 PMCID: PMC3960832 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive new plate-reader assay has been developed showing that adult mammalian blood serum contains circulating soluble sulfhydryl oxidase activity that can introduce disulfide bonds into reduced proteins with the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. The activity was purified 5000-fold to >90% homogeneity from bovine serum and found by mass spectrometry to be consistent with the short isoform of quiescin-sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1). This FAD-dependent enzyme is present at comparable activity levels in fetal and adult commercial bovine sera. Thus cell culture media that are routinely supplemented with either fetal or adult bovine sera will contain this facile catalyst of protein thiol oxidation. QSOX1 is present at approximately 25 nM in pooled normal adult human serum. Examination of the unusual kinetics of QSOX1 toward cysteine and glutathione at low micromolar concentrations suggests that circulating QSOX1 is unlikely to significantly contribute to the oxidation of these monothiols in plasma. However, the ability of QSOX1 to rapidly oxidize conformationally mobile protein thiols suggests a possible contribution to the redox status of exofacial and soluble proteins in blood plasma. Recent proteomic studies showing that plasma QSOX1 can be utilized in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and acute decompensated heart failure, together with the overexpression of this secreted enzyme in a number of solid tumors, suggest that the robust QSOX assay developed here may be useful in the quantitation of enzyme levels in a wide range of biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shawn A Gannon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Colin Thorpe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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36
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Mongini PKA, Kramer JM, Ishikawa TO, Herschman H, Esposito D. Candidate chromosome 1 disease susceptibility genes for Sjogren's syndrome xerostomia are narrowed by novel NOD.B10 congenic mice. Clin Immunol 2014; 153:79-90. [PMID: 24685748 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by salivary gland leukocytic infiltrates and impaired salivation (xerostomia). Cox-2 (Ptgs2) is located on chromosome 1 within the span of the Aec2 region. In an attempt to demonstrate that COX-2 drives antibody-dependent hyposalivation, NOD.B10 congenic mice bearing a Cox-2flox gene were generated. A congenic line with non-NOD alleles in Cox-2-flanking genes failed manifest xerostomia. Further backcrossing yielded disease-susceptible NOD.B10 Cox-2flox lines; fine genetic mapping determined that critical Aec2 genes lie within a 1.56 to 2.17Mb span of DNA downstream of Cox-2. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that susceptible and non-susceptible lines exhibit non-synonymous coding SNPs in 8 protein-encoding genes of this region, thereby better delineating candidate Aec2 alleles needed for SS xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K A Mongini
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Jill M Kramer
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Tomo-O Ishikawa
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 341 Boyer Hall (MBI), 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Harvey Herschman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 341 Boyer Hall (MBI), 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Donna Esposito
- Charles River Laboratories, Genetic Testing Services, 185 Jordan Road, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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37
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Araújo DGB, Nakao L, Gozzo P, Souza CDA, Balderrama V, Gugelmin ES, Kuczynski AP, Olandoski M, de Noronha L. Expression level of quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) in neuroblastomas. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2228. [PMID: 24704990 PMCID: PMC3980203 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid malignant tumor observed during childhood. Although these tumors can sometimes regress spontaneously or respond well to treatment in infants, genetic alterations that influence apoptosis can, in some cases, confer resistance to chemotherapy or result in relapses and adversely affect prognosis for these patients. The aim of this study was to correlate immunohistochemical expression of the protein quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) in samples obtained from untreated neuroblastomas with the patients’ clinical and pathological prognostic factors and clinical course. Neuroblastoma samples (n=23) obtained from histology blocks were arrayed into tissue microarrays and analysed by immunohistochemistry. The cases were classified according to the following clinical and pathological prognostic factors: age at diagnosis greater or less than/equal to 18 months; location of the lesion at diagnosis (abdominal or extra-abdominal); presence or absence of bone-marrow infiltration; tumor differentiation (well or poorly differentiated); Shimada histopathologic classification (favourable or unfavourable); state of the tumor extracellular matrix (Schwannian-stroma rich or poor); amplification of the MYCN oncogene; and clinical course (dead or alive with or without relapses/residual lesions). Twelve of the cases were female, 9 children were over 18 months old, 9 cases presented with extra-abdominal tumors and 9 cases exhibited tumors with unfavourable histologies. Fifteen patients underwent bone-marrow biopsy, and 4 of these were positive for metastasis. Nine patients died. The higher immunohistochemical expression of QSOX1 was more common in well-differentiated samples (P=0.029), in stroma-rich samples (P=0.029) and in samples from patients with a high prevalence of relapses/residual disease. The functions of QSOX1 include extracellular matrix maturation and the induction of apoptosis. Therefore, QSOX1 may be involved in neuroblastoma differentiation and regression and may thus function as a biomarker for identifying risk groups for this neoplasm.
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Poillet L, Pernodet N, Boyer-Guittaut M, Adami P, Borg C, Jouvenot M, Delage-Mourroux R, Despouy G. QSOX1 inhibits autophagic flux in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86641. [PMID: 24475161 PMCID: PMC3901705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The QSOX1 protein (Quiescin Sulfhydryl oxidase 1) catalyzes the formation of disulfide bonds and is involved in the folding and stability of proteins. More recently, QSOX1 has been associated with tumorigenesis and protection against cellular stress. It has been demonstrated in our laboratory that QSOX1 reduces proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and reduces tumor growth in vivo. In addition, QSOX1 expression has been shown to be induced by oxidative or ER stress and to prevent cell death linked to these stressors. Given the function of QSOX1 in these two processes, which have been previously linked to autophagy, we wondered whether QSOX1 might be regulated by autophagy inducers and play a role in this catabolic process. To answer this question, we used in vitro models of breast cancer cells in which QSOX1 was overexpressed (MCF-7) or extinguished (MDA-MB-231). We first showed that QSOX1 expression is induced following amino acid starvation and maintains cellular homeostasis. Our results also indicated that QSOX1 inhibits autophagy through the inhibition of autophagosome/lysosome fusion. Moreover, we demonstrated that inhibitors of autophagy mimic the effect of QSOX1 on cell invasion, suggesting that its role in this process is linked to the autophagy pathway. Previously published data demonstrated that extinction of QSOX1 promotes tumor growth in NOG mice. In this study, we further demonstrated that QSOX1 null tumors present lower levels of the p62 protein. Altogether, our results demonstrate for the first time a role of QSOX1 in autophagy in breast cancer cells and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Poillet
- Université de Franche-Comté, Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Besançon, Doubs, France
| | - Nicolas Pernodet
- Université de Franche-Comté, Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Besançon, Doubs, France
| | - Michaël Boyer-Guittaut
- Université de Franche-Comté, Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Besançon, Doubs, France
| | - Pascale Adami
- Université de Franche-Comté, Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Besançon, Doubs, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- Université de Franche-Comté, Inserm UMR 1098, Relation Hôte Greffon et Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, Doubs, France
| | - Michèle Jouvenot
- Université de Franche-Comté, Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Besançon, Doubs, France
| | - Régis Delage-Mourroux
- Université de Franche-Comté, Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Besançon, Doubs, France
| | - Gilles Despouy
- Université de Franche-Comté, Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Besançon, Doubs, France
- * E-mail:
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Addicted to secrete - novel concepts and targets in cancer therapy. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:242-50. [PMID: 24456621 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) mediates the adaptation of the secretory pathway (SP) to fluctuations in cellular protein demand or to environmental variations. Recently, drug screenings have confirmed the therapeutic potential of targeting the UPR in cancer models. However, the UPR may not be the only druggable target of the SP. Moreover, recent studies have revealed other contributions of the SP to cancer development. This article does not intend to describe the well-established implication of UPR signaling pathways in cancer cell life and cell decision, but rather aims at defining the concept of 'tumor cell secretory addiction', from molecular, cellular, and therapeutic perspectives. Furthermore, the implication of UPR modulations in this context will be discussed.
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Israel BA, Kodali VK, Thorpe C. Going through the barrier: coupled disulfide exchange reactions promote efficient catalysis in quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:5274-84. [PMID: 24379406 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.536219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX) family of enzymes generates disulfide bonds in peptides and proteins with the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Determination of the potentials of the redox centers in Trypanosoma brucei QSOX provides a context for understanding catalysis by this facile oxidant of protein thiols. The CXXC motif of the thioredoxin domain is comparatively oxidizing (E'0 of -144 mV), consistent with an ability to transfer disulfide bonds to a broad range of thiol substrates. In contrast, the proximal CXXC disulfide in the ERV (essential for respiration and vegetative growth) domain of TbQSOX is strongly reducing (E'0 of -273 mV), representing a major apparent thermodynamic barrier to overall catalysis. Reduction of the oxidizing FAD cofactor (E'0 of -153 mV) is followed by the strongly favorable reduction of molecular oxygen. The role of a mixed disulfide intermediate between thioredoxin and ERV domains was highlighted by rapid reaction studies in which the wild-type CGAC motif in the thioredoxin domain of TbQSOX was replaced by the more oxidizing CPHC or more reducing CGPC sequence. Mixed disulfide bond formation is accompanied by the generation of a charge transfer complex with the flavin cofactor. This provides thermodynamic coupling among the three redox centers of QSOX and avoids the strongly uphill mismatch between the formal potentials of the thioredoxin and ERV disulfides. This work identifies intriguing mechanistic parallels between the eukaryotic QSOX enzymes and the DsbA/B system catalyzing disulfide bond generation in the bacterial periplasm and suggests that the strategy of linked disulfide exchanges may be exploited in other catalysts of oxidative protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Israel
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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Das P, Siegers GM, Postovit LM. Illuminating luminal B: QSOX1 as a subtype-specific biomarker. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:104. [PMID: 23680167 PMCID: PMC3706943 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease that affects about one out of every eight women. In the last decade, several advancements have been made that have increased our understanding of breast cancer and have allowed us to more accurately diagnose and treat this disease in a more targeted manner. For example, gene expression profiling enabled the classification of breast cancers into four main subtypes - basal-like, HER2+ (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive), luminal A and luminal B - and this classification is used to direct the use of targeted therapies such as tamoxifen or trastuzumab. The luminal subtypes are generally characterized as being estrogen receptor-positive and targetable with anti-hormone therapies. However, whereas luminal A cancers have a good prognosis, luminal B cancers are associated with early relapse following endocrine therapy and a prognosis that is similar to that of the aggressive basal subtype. It is thus imperative that luminal B cancers be better characterized so that therapeutic targets and biomarkers for this disease type can be realized. In the previous issue of Breast Cancer Research, Katchman and colleagues address this need by demonstrating that quiescin sulfydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1), a secreted enzyme involved in post-translational modifications, is associated with poor prognosis in patients with luminal B breast cancer. The authors further determined that this protein promotes breast cancer proliferation and invasion. Collectively, these studies suggest that QSOX1 is a predictive biomarker for luminal cancers and that it may be a useful target for elusive luminal B disease.
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