1
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Ueland T, Butt N, Lekva T, Ørn S, Manhenke C, Aukrust P, Larsen AI. High dose statin treatment reduces circulating Dickkopf-1 following acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2024; 406:132035. [PMID: 38604450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secreted glycoproteins of the Dickkopf (DKK) family modify Wnt signaling and may influence plaque destabilization but their modulation by statins in MI patients is not known. METHODS We measured plasma DKK-1 and DKK-3 in patients with acute ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and after 2 and 7 days and 2 months in patients receiving short-term high-dose (40 mg rosuvastatin, given before PCI; n = 25) and moderate dose (20 mg simvastatin, given the day after PCI; n = 34). In vitro modulation of DKK-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by statins were assessed. RESULTS (i) Patients receiving high dose rosuvastatin had a marked decline in DKK-1 at day 2 which was maintained throughout the study period. However, a more prevalent use of β-blockers in the simvastatin group, that could have contributed to higher DKK-1 levels in these patients. (ii) There was a strong correlation between baseline DKK-1 levels and change in DKK-1 from baseline to day 2 in patients receiving high dose rosuvastatin treatment. (iii) DKK-3 increased at day 2 but returned to baseline levels at 2 months in both treatment groups. (iv) Statin treatment dose-dependently decreased DKK-1 mRNA and protein levels in HUVEC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that high dose statin treatment with 40 mg rosuvastatin could persistently down-regulate DKK-1 levels, even at 2 months after the initial event in STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Noreen Butt
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Ørn
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Cord Manhenke
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alf Inge Larsen
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
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2
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Song MK, Park SI, Cho SW. Circulating biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring in bone metastasis. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:337-344. [PMID: 36729305 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a frequent site of metastasis for multiple types of solid tumors in organs such as prostate, breast, lung, etc., accounting for significant morbidities and mortalities of afflicted patients. One of the major problems of bone metastasis is lack of biomarkers for early diagnosis and for monitoring therapeutic responses. Medical imaging modalities such as computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and radioactive isotope-based bone scans are currently standard clinical practices, yet these imaging techniques are limited to detect early lesions or to accurately monitor the metastatic disease progression during standard and/or experimental therapies. Accordingly, development of novel blood biomarkers rationalizes extensive basic research and clinical development. This review article covers the up-to-date information on protein- and cell-based biomarkers of bone metastasis that are currently used in the clinical practices and also are under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyoung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Serk In Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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3
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Tong XK, Royea J, Hamel E. Simvastatin rescues memory and granule cell maturation through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:325. [PMID: 35397630 PMCID: PMC8994768 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that simvastatin (SV) restored memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease (AD) concomitantly with normalization in protein levels of memory-related immediate early genes in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Here, we investigated age-related changes in the hippocampal memory pathway, and whether the beneficial effects of SV could be related to enhanced neurogenesis and signaling in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. APP mice and wild-type (WT) littermate controls showed comparable number of proliferating (Ki67-positive nuclei) and immature (doublecortin (DCX)-positive) granule cells in the dentate gyrus until 3 months of age. At 4 months, Ki67 or DCX positive cells decreased sharply and remained less numerous until the endpoint (6 months) in both SV-treated and untreated APP mice. In 6 month-old APP mice, dendritic extensions of DCX immature neurons in the molecular layer were shorter, a deficit fully normalized by SV. Similarly, whereas mature granule cells (calbindin-immunopositive) were decreased in APP mice and not restored by SV, their dendritic arborizations were normalized to control levels by SV treatment. SV increased Prox1 protein levels (↑67.7%, p < 0.01), a Wnt/β-catenin signaling target, while significantly decreasing (↓61.2%, p < 0.05) the upregulated levels of the β-catenin-dependent Wnt pathway inhibitor DKK1 seen in APP mice. In APP mice, SV benefits were recapitulated by treatment with the Wnt/β-catenin specific agonist WAY-262611, whereas they were fully abolished in mice that received the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor XAV939 during the last month of SV treatment. Our results indicate that activation of the Wnt-β-catenin pathway through downregulation of DKK1 underlies SV neuronal and cognitive benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Kang Tong
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, H3A 2B4, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessika Royea
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, H3A 2B4, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Edith Hamel
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, H3A 2B4, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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4
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Yue Z, Niu X, Yuan Z, Qin Q, Jiang W, He L, Gao J, Ding Y, Liu Y, Xu Z, Li Z, Yang Z, Li R, Xue X, Gao Y, Yue F, Zhang XHF, Hu G, Wang Y, Li Y, Chen G, Siwko S, Gartland A, Wang N, Xiao J, Liu M, Luo J. RSPO2/RANKL-LGR4 signaling regulates osteoclastic pre-metastatic niche formation and bone metastasis. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:144579. [PMID: 34847079 PMCID: PMC8759794 DOI: 10.1172/jci144579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutics targeting osteoclasts are commonly used treatments for bone metastasis; however, whether and how osteoclasts regulate pre-metastatic niche and bone tropism is largely unknown. In this study, we report that osteoclast precursors (OPs) can function as a pre-metastatic niche component that facilitates breast cancer (BCa) bone metastasis at early stages. At the molecular level, unbiased GPCR ligand/agonist screening in BCa cells suggested that R-spondin 2 (RSPO2) and RANKL, through interacting with their receptor LGR4, promoted osteoclastic pre-metastatic niche formation and enhanced BCa bone metastasis. This was achieved by RSPO2/RANKL-LGR4 signal modulating WNT inhibitor DKK1 through Gαq and β-catenin signaling. DKK1 directly facilitated OP recruitment through suppressing its receptor low-density lipoprotein-related receptors 5 (LRP5) but not LRP6, upregulating Rnasek expression via inhibiting canonical WNT signaling. In clinical samples, RSPO2, LGR4 and DKK1 expression showed positive correlation with BCa bone metastasis. Furthermore, soluble LGR4 extracellular domain (ECD) protein, acting as a decoy receptor for RSPO2 and RANKL, significantly alleviated bone metastasis and osteolytic lesions in mouse bone metastasis model. These findings provide unique insights into the functional role of OPs as key components of pre-metastatic niche for BCa bone metastasis, indicate RSPO2/RANKL-LGR4 signaling as a promising target for inhibiting BCa bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Yue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Niu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengjin Yuan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang He
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingduo Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxi Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxi Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengfeng Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiwen Xue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yankun Gao
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yue
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Guohong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Geng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stefan Siwko
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Alison Gartland
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Das A, Agarwal P, Jain GK, Aggarwal G, Lather V, Pandita D. Repurposing drugs as novel triple negative breast cancer therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:515-550. [PMID: 34674627 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211021143255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among all the types of breast cancer (BC), triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form having high metastasis and recurrence rate with limited treatment options. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have lots of toxic side effects and also no FDA approved therapies are available till now. Repurposing of old clinically approved drugs towards various targets of TNBC is the new approach with lesser side effects and also leads to successful inexpensive drug development with less time consuming. Medicinal plants containg various phytoconstituents (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, essential oils, tanins, glycosides, lactones) plays very crucial role in combating various types of diseases and used in drug development process because of having lesser side effects. OBJECTIVE The present review focuses in summarization of various categories of repurposed drugs against multitarget of TNBC and also summarizes the phytochemical categories that targets TNBC singly or in combination with synthetic old drugs. METHODS Literature information was collected from various databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Medline to understand and clarify the role and mechanism of repurposed synthetic drugs and phytoconstituents aginst TNBC by using keywords like "breast cancer", "repurposed drugs", "TNBC" and "phytoconstituents". RESULTS Various repurposed drugs and phytochemicals targeting different signaling pathways that exerts their cytotoxic activities on TNBC cells ultimately leads to apoptosis of cells and also lowers the recurrence rate and stops the metastasis process. CONCLUSION Inhibitory effects seen in different levels, which provides information and evidences to researchers towards drug developments process and thus further more investigations and researches need to be taken to get the better therapeutic treatment options against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Pallavi Agarwal
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
| | - Viney Lather
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Deepti Pandita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
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6
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Lehmann J, Thiele S, Baschant U, Rachner TD, Niehrs C, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Mice lacking DKK1 in T cells exhibit high bone mass and are protected from estrogen-deficiency-induced bone loss. iScience 2021; 24:102224. [PMID: 33748710 PMCID: PMC7961106 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a negative regulator of bone formation and bone mass and is dysregulated in various bone diseases. How DKK1 contributes to postmenopausal osteoporosis, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we show that mice lacking DKK1 in T cells are protected from ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Ovariectomy activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increased their production of DKK1. Co-culture of activated T cells with osteoblasts inhibited Wnt signaling in osteoblasts, leading to impaired differentiation. Importantly, DKK1 expression in T cells also controlled physiological bone remodeling. T-cell-deficient Dkk1 knock-out mice had a higher bone mass with an increased bone formation rate and decreased numbers of osteoclasts compared with controls, a phenotype that was rescued by adoptive transfer of wild-type T cells. Thus, these findings highlight that T cells control bone remodeling in health and disease via their expression of DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Lehmann
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sylvia Thiele
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Baschant
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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7
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Zhu G, Song J, Chen W, Yuan D, Wang W, Chen X, Liu H, Su H, Zhu J. Expression and Role of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) in Tumors: From the Cells to the Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:659-675. [PMID: 33536782 PMCID: PMC7847771 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s275172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is a secretory antagonist of the classical Wnt signaling pathway. Many studies have reported that Dkk1 is abnormally expressed in tumor cells, and abnormal expression of Dkk1 can inhibit cell proliferation or induce apoptosis through pro-apoptotic factors, However, due to the differences in tumor environment and the complex regulatory mechanisms in different tumors, Dkk1 has different effects on the progression of different tumors. In many tumors, high expression of Dkk1 may promote tumor metastasis. However, Dkk1, which is highly expressed in other tumors, can inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis. More and more evidence shows that Dkk1 plays a complex and different role in tumor occurrence, development and metastasis in different tumor environments and through a variety of complex regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, Dkk1 may not only be a useful biomarker of metastasis, but also a target for studying the metabolic mechanism of tumor cells and treating tumors in many tumor types. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress on the expression, mechanism and function of Dkk1 in different tumors, and at the same time, based on the public database data, we made a further analysis of the expression of Dkk1 in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zhu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jukun Song
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Chen
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Yuan
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hen Liu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550002, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, People's Republic of China.,Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563000, People's Republic of China
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8
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de Sousa Ferreira VC, Lopes AP, Alves NM, Sousa FRN, Pereira KMA, Gondim DV, Girão VCC, Leitão RFC, Goes P. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis induced change in alveolar bone architecture in rats with participation of Wnt signaling. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:673-682. [PMID: 32897500 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aimed to study the role of inflammation in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in rats with focus on Wnt signaling. METHODS A total of 36 female Wistar rats (12 weeks ± 200 g) were divided into 2 groups (n = 6) in 3 experiments: saline (SAL) and zoledronic acid (ZOL). For MRONJ induction, rats received 0.1 mg/kg of ZOL (ip) 3×/week for 9 weeks. Animals from the SAL group received 0.1 mg/kg of 0.9% SAL, ip 3×/week for 9 weeks. On the 8th week, 3 left upper molars were extracted, and on the 11th week, they were euthanized. Maxillae were evaluated by macroscopic and histopathological analyses; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); immunohistochemistry for DKK-1, Wnt 10b, and caspase-3; and Raman spectrometry. Gingiva was also collected for TNF-α e IL-1β quantification. RESULTS Bone necrosis was confirmed by healing impairment, reduced number of viable osteocytes, increased caspase-3 immunoexpression, and increased number of empty lacunae (p < 0.05). ZOL enhanced inflammation and increased gingival levels of IL-1β and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Irregular indentations were seen on bone after ZOL administration. Bone necrosis was marked by reduced amount of total and type I collagen. ZOL reduced the mineral/matrix ratio and increased carbonate/phosphate ratio. It was observed a significant reduction on Wnt10b and beta-catenin immunolabeling in the bone tissue of ZOL group. CONCLUSION In summary, MRONJ model caused bone necrosis due to intense inflammation. Wnt signaling seems to play an important role in this process. CLINICAL RELEVANCE New therapeutic strategies focusing on Wnt pathway can provide an interesting approach for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Costa de Sousa Ferreira
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Nucleus of Study and Research in Pain, Inflammation and Osteoimmunology (NEPDIO), Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pimentel Lopes
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Nucleus of Study and Research in Pain, Inflammation and Osteoimmunology (NEPDIO), Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Militão Alves
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Nucleus of Study and Research in Pain, Inflammation and Osteoimmunology (NEPDIO), Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Karuza Maria Alves Pereira
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Nucleus of Study and Research in Pain, Inflammation and Osteoimmunology (NEPDIO), Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Delane Viana Gondim
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Nucleus of Study and Research in Pain, Inflammation and Osteoimmunology (NEPDIO), Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Goes
- Nucleus of Study and Research in Pain, Inflammation and Osteoimmunology (NEPDIO), Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. .,Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. .,Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Monsenhor Furtado, s/n 60441-750. Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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9
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Wood SL, Brown JE. Personal Medicine and Bone Metastases: Biomarkers, Micro-RNAs and Bone Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082109. [PMID: 32751181 PMCID: PMC7465268 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a major cause of morbidity within solid tumours of the breast, prostate, lung and kidney. Metastasis to the skeleton is associated with a wide range of complications including bone fractures, spinal cord compression, hypercalcaemia and increased bone pain. Improved treatments for bone metastasis, such as the use of anti-bone resorptive bisphosphonate agents, within post-menopausal women have improved disease-free survival; however, these treatments are not without side effects. There is thus a need for biomarkers, which will predict the risk of developing the spread to bone within these cancers. The application of molecular profiling techniques, together with animal model systems and engineered cell-lines has enabled the identification of a series of potential bone-metastasis biomarker molecules predictive of bone metastasis risk. Some of these biomarker candidates have been validated within patient-derived samples providing a step towards clinical utility. Recent developments in multiplex biomarker quantification now enable the simultaneous measurement of up to 96 micro-RNA/protein molecules in a spatially defined manner with single-cell resolution, thus enabling the characterisation of the key molecules active at the sites of pre-metastatic niche formation as well as tumour-stroma signalling. These technologies have considerable potential to inform biomarker discovery. Additionally, a potential future extension of these discoveries could also be the identification of novel drug targets within cancer spread to bone. This chapter summarises recent findings in biomarker discovery within the key bone metastatic cancers (breast, prostate, lung and renal cell carcinoma). Tissue-based and circulating blood-based biomarkers are discussed from the fields of genomics, epigenetic regulation (micro-RNAs) and protein/cell-signalling together with a discussion of the potential future development of these markers towards clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Wood
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Janet E. Brown
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Hospital, Whitham Road, Sheffield S10 2SJ, UK;
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10
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Walsh CA, Akrap N, Garre E, Magnusson Y, Harrison H, Andersson D, Jonasson E, Rafnsdottir S, Choudhry H, Buffa F, Ragoussis J, Ståhlberg A, Harris A, Landberg G. The mevalonate precursor enzyme HMGCS1 is a novel marker and key mediator of cancer stem cell enrichment in luminal and basal models of breast cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236187. [PMID: 32692762 PMCID: PMC7373278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The definitive characterization of common cancer stem cell (CSCs) subpopulations in breast cancer subtypes with distinct genotypic and phenotypic features remains an ongoing challenge. In this study, we have used a non-biased genome wide screening approach to identify transcriptional networks that may be specific to the CSC subpopulations in both luminal and basal breast cancer subtypes. In depth studies of three CSC-enriched breast cancer cell lines representing various subtypes of breast cancer revealed a striking hyperactivation of the mevalonate metabolic pathway in comparison to control cells. The upregulation of metabolic networks is a key feature of tumour cells securing growth and proliferative capabilities and dysregulated mevalonate metabolism has been associated with tumour malignancy and cellular transformation in breast cancer. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that Simvastatin therapy, a mevalonate pathway inhibitor, could affect breast cancer progression and reduce breast cancer recurrence. When detailing the mevalonate pathway in breast cancer using a single-cell qPCR, we identified the mevalonate precursor enzyme, HMGCS1, as a specific marker of CSC-enriched subpopulations within both luminal and basal tumour subtypes. Down-regulation of HMGCS1 also decreased the CSC fraction and function in various model systems, suggesting that HMGCS1 is essential for CSC-activities in breast cancer in general. These data was supported by strong associations between HMGCS1 expression and aggressive features, such as high tumour grade, p53 mutations as well as ER-negativity in lymph node positive breast cancer. Importantly, loss of HMGCS1 also had a much more pronounced effect on CSC-activities compared to treatment with standard doses of Simvastatin. Taken together, this study highlights HMGCS1 as a potential gatekeeper for dysregulated mevalonate metabolism important for CSC-features in both luminal and basal breast cancer subtypes. Pharmacological inhibition of HMGCS1 could therefore be a superior novel treatment approach for breast cancer patients via additional CSC blocking functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A. Walsh
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nina Akrap
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elena Garre
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ylva Magnusson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hannah Harrison
- Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Jonasson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francesca Buffa
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adrian Harris
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Göran Landberg
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Jaschke N, Hofbauer LC, Göbel A, Rachner TD. Evolving functions of Dickkopf-1 in cancer and immunity. Cancer Lett 2020; 482:1-7. [PMID: 32251706 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is a well-established inhibitor of canonical Wnt-signaling that critically participates in the regulation of bone formation and has been implicated in the development and progression of bone metastases. While the skeleton was originally considered the sole site of DKK-1 synthesis, it has now become clear that the molecule is also highly expressed in T-cells, platelets and multiple cancer cells. In the past years, several new functions of DKK-1 in angiogenesis, cancer cell biology, immune homeostasis and inflammation have been revealed. These novel insights have paved the way for clinical trials investigating the efficacy of anti-DKK-1 antibodies in a variety of different malignancies, most of which are currently still ongoing. In this review, we discuss the evolution and recent advances in DKK-1 research and highlight clinical implications of the available knowledge on the molecule, especially in cancer. Finally, we emphasize outstanding questions and provide an outlook on potential future studies that will aid in further improving our understanding of the pleiotropic roles of DKK-1 in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Jaschke
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andy Göbel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Healthy Ageing, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Dorsomorphin: A novel inhibitor of Dickkopf-1 in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:360-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Zhang R, Lin HM, Broering R, Shi XD, Yu XH, Xu LB, Wu WR, Liu C. Dickkopf-1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:54. [PMID: 31839998 PMCID: PMC6895114 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) expression has been reported in a variety of human cancers. We previously reported that DKK1 was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of DKK1 in HCC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and biological functions of DKK1 in HCC. The expression of DKK1 was examined in cirrhotic and HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). DKK1 was silenced or overexpressed in HCC cell lines, and in vitro and in vivo studies were performed. Immunohistochemistry revealed that DKK1 was weakly expressed in cirrhotic tissues (8/22, 36.4%) but upregulated in HCC tissues (48/53, 90.6%, cohort 1). Significant upregulation of DKK1 was observed in 57.6% (19/33, cohort 2) of HCC tissues by qRT-PCR, and the expression of DKK1 was associated with tumor size (P = 0.024) and tumor number (P = 0.019). Genetic depletion of DKK1 impaired the proliferation, colony-forming ability, invasion, and tumor formation of HCC cells (HepG2 and HUH-7). Conversely, forced expression of DKK1 increased the proliferation, colony-forming ability, and invasion of HepG2 and HUH-7 cells in vitro and enhanced tumor formation in vivo. Subsequent investigation revealed that the DKK1-mediated proliferation and tumorigenicity of HepG2 and HUH-7 cells is dependent on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings indicate that DKK1 plays an oncogenic role in HCC by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Hao-Ming Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruth Broering
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Xiang-de Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-huan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei-bo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-rui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies over the past 3 decades have uncovered a multitude of signaling pathways involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. From these studies, signaling by proteins of the Wnt family has recently emerged as an important player in the development of atherosclerosis. Wnt signaling is characterized by a large number of ligands, receptors, and coreceptors and can be regulated at many different levels. Among Wnt modulators, the evolutionary conserved Dkk (Dickkopf) proteins, and especially Dkk-1, the founding member of the family, are the best characterized. The role of Dkks in the pathophysiology of the arterial wall is only partially understood, but their involvement in atherosclerosis is becoming increasingly evident. This review introduces recent key findings on Dkk proteins and their functions in atherosclerosis and discusses the potential importance of modulating Dkk signaling as part of a novel, improved strategy for preventing and treating atherosclerosis-related diseases.
Visual Overview—
An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Baetta
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
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15
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Shao YC, Nie XC, Song GQ, Wei Y, Xia P, Xu XY. Prognostic value of DKK2 from the Dickkopf family in human breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2555-2565. [PMID: 30320375 PMCID: PMC6203157 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed types of cancer with a high mortality and malignancy rate in women worldwide. The Dickkopf (DKK) protein family, as a canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway antagonist, has been implicated in both physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the prognostic value and elucidate the mechanisms of DKKs in breast cancer and its subtypes. Firstly, DKK mRNA expression and corresponding outcome were analyzed by means of the Gene Expression-Based Outcome for Breast Cancer Online (GOBO) platform based on PAM50 intrinsic breast cancer subtypes. Subsequently, we extracted breast cancer datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) to validate the expression profile and prognostic values from the GOBO platform. Moreover, a protein-protein network was created and functional enrichment was conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of action of the DKKs. In addition, we uncovered the genetic and epigenetic alterations of DKK2 in breast cancer. The main finding of this study was the differential roles of DKKs in the PAM50 subtypes of breast cancer analyzed. The overall trend was that a high level of DKK2 was associated with a good survival in breast cancer, although it played an opposite role in the Normal-like subtype. We also found that DKK2 carried out its functions through multiple signaling pathways, not limited to the Wnt/β-catenin cascade in breast cancer. Finally, we used our own data to validate the bioinformatics analysis data for DKK2 by RT-qPCR. Taken together, our findings suggest that DKK2 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for the Normal-like subtype of breast cancer. However, the prognostic role of DKKs in the subtypes of breast cancer still requires validation by larger sample studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122
| | - Xiao-Cui Nie
- Shenyang Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110011
| | - Guo-Qing Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122
| | - Pu Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122
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16
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Pontremoli M, Brioschi M, Baetta R, Ghilardi S, Banfi C. Identification of DKK-1 as a novel mediator of statin effects in human endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16671. [PMID: 30420710 PMCID: PMC6232108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that DKK-1, a member of the Dickkopf family and a regulator of the Wnt pathways, represents a novel target of statins which, through the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and of non-steroidal isoprenoid intermediates, exert extra-beneficial effect in preventing atherosclerosis beyond their effect on the lipid profile. We found that atorvastatin downregulates DKK-1 protein (−88.3 ± 4.1%) and mRNA expression (−90 ± 4.2%) through the inhibition of Cdc42, Rho and Rac geranylgeranylated proteins. Further, a combined approach based on the integration of label-free quantitative mass spectrometry based-proteomics and gene silencing allowed us to demonstrate that DKK-1 itself mediates, at least in part, statin effects on human endothelial cells. Indeed, DKK-1 is responsible for the regulation of the 21% of the statin-modulated proteins, which include, among others, clusterin/apoJ, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), and pentraxin 3 (PTX3). The Gene Ontology enrichment annotation revealed that DKK-1 is also a potential mediator of the extracellular matrix organization, platelet activation and response to wounding processes induced by statin. Finally, we found that plasma level of DKK-1 from cholesterol-fed rabbits treated with atorvastatin (2.5 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) was lower (−42 ± 23%) than that of control animals. Thus, DKK-1 is not only a target of statin but it directly regulates the expression of molecules involved in a plethora of biological functions, thus expanding its role, which has been so far restricted mainly to cancer.
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17
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Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) protein expression in breast cancer with special reference to bone metastases. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:763-775. [PMID: 30238177 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the Wnt inhibitor dickkopf-1 protein (Dkk1) has been reported in a variety of cancers. In addition, it has been linked to the progression of malignant bone disease by impairing osteoblast activity. This study investigated serum- and tissue levels of Dkk1 in breast cancer patients with- or without bone metastases. Serum Dkk1 levels were measured by ELISA in 89 breast cancer patients and 86 healthy women. Tissue levels of Dkk1 and β-catenin, a major downstream component of Wnt transduction pathway, were tested with immunohistochemical staining in 143 different tissues, including adjacent non-tumoral breast tissues, primary breast tumours, lymph nodes metastases, and bone metastases. Serum levels of Dkk1 were significantly increased in breast cancer patients without metastases compared with healthy controls and even more increased in patients with bone metastases. Tissue expression of Dkk1 was positive in 70% of tested primary breast cancer tissues and demonstrated significant correlation with histological type and PR status. Less frequent expression of Dkk1 was found in lymph nodes metastases and bone metastases compared with adjacent non-tumoral breast tissues and primary breast tumours. Tissue expression of β-catenin was positive in the vast majority of all tested tissue types indicating activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Our results suggested that Wnt/β-catenin signalling in breast tumours and their secondary lymph nodes- and bone metastases is dysregulated and this could be related to aberrant Dkk1 expression levels. Hence, Dkk1 protein might provide insights into the continued development of novel comprehensive and therapeutic strategies for breast cancer and its bone metastases.
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18
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Adam C, Glück L, Ebert R, Goebeler M, Jakob F, Schmidt M. The MEK5/ERK5 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is an effector pathway of bone-sustaining bisphosphonates that regulates osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. Bone 2018; 111:49-58. [PMID: 29567200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates play an important role in the treatment of metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. In addition to their anti-resorptive activity by triggering osteoclast apoptosis, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BP) may also influence osteogenic differentiation, which might rely on their capacity to inhibit the mevalonate pathway. In vascular endothelial cells inhibition of this pathway by cholesterol-lowering statins activates the MEK5/ERK5 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, which plays an important role in cellular differentiation, apoptosis or inflammatory processes. Here we evaluated whether N-BP may also target the MEK5/ERK5 pathway and analysed the consequences of ERK5 activation on osteogenic differentiation. We show that N-BP dose-dependently activate ERK5 in primary human endothelial cells and osteoblasts. The mechanism likely involves farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibition and subsequent functional inhibition of the small GTPase Cdc42 since siRNA-mediated knockdown of both genes could reproduce N-BP-induced ERK5 activation. ERK5 activation resulted in regulation of several bone-relevant genes and was required for calcification and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stems cells as evident by the lack of alkaline phosphatase induction and alizarin-red S staining observed upon ERK5 knockdown or upon differentiation initiation in presence of a pharmacological ERK5 inhibitor. Our data provide evidence that N-BP activate the MEK5/ERK5 cascade and reveal an essential role of ERK5 in osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of skeletal precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Adam
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Glück
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Regina Ebert
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany.
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19
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Brook N, Brook E, Dharmarajan A, Dass CR, Chan A. Breast cancer bone metastases: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:63-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Kagey MH, He X. Rationale for targeting the Wnt signalling modulator Dickkopf-1 for oncology. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4637-4650. [PMID: 28574171 PMCID: PMC5727329 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling is a fundamental pathway involved in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Mutations in the pathway frequently lead to developmental defects and cancer. As such, therapeutic intervention of this pathway has generated tremendous interest. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted inhibitor of β-catenin-dependent Wnt signalling and was originally characterized as a tumour suppressor based on the prevailing view that Wnt signalling promotes cancer pathogenesis. However, DKK1 appears to increase tumour growth and metastasis in preclinical models and its elevated expression correlates with a poor prognosis in a range of cancers, indicating that DKK1 has more complex cellular and biological functions than originally appreciated. Here, we review current evidence for the cancer-promoting activity of DKK1 and recent insights into the effects of DKK1 on signalling pathways in both cancer and immune cells. We discuss the rationale and promise of targeting DKK1 for oncology. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xi He
- The F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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21
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Tang Q, Jiang S, Jia W, Shen D, Qiu Y, Zhao Y, Xue B, Li C. Zoledronic acid, an FPPS inhibitor, ameliorates liver steatosis through inhibiting hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 814:169-177. [PMID: 28843826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is no standard therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and statins have been developed as a first-line pharmaceutical therapeutic option for NAFLD-associated dyslipidemia. However, prolonged statins therapy has side effects, as statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme at the very beginning of the mevalonate pathway. Here, we found that zoledronic acid (ZA), an inhibitor of farnesyl diphosphate synthase in the downstream mevalonate pathway, could attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and improve liver injury in both high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6J mice and ob/ob mice. Moreover, the hepatic lipid metabolism was largely inhibited after ZA administration in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Mechanically, ZA inhibited SREBP-1c-mediated de novo lipogenesis through suppressing RhoA activation via decreasing farnesyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate levels. In conclusion, our data provide a novel application of ZA in improving hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Tang
- School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Jia
- School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Shen
- School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Qiu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Xue
- School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chaojun Li
- School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Adjuvant tamoxifen but not aromatase inhibitor therapy decreases serum levels of the Wnt inhibitor dickkopf-1 while not affecting sclerostin in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 164:737-743. [PMID: 28526959 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endocrine therapies, including tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors, are indispensable for the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)- and/or progesterone-positive breast cancer. Whereas tamoxifen displays partial ER agonistic effects in bone, aromatase inhibitors increase bone resorption and fracture risk. The Wnt inhibitors dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and sclerostin negatively impact bone formation and are considered targets for the treatment of bone disorders. However, the effect of endocrine therapies on serum DKK-1 and sclerostin levels in patients with primary breast cancer remains elusive. METHODS Serum DKK-1 and sclerostin levels were measured at primary diagnosis as well as 3-5 days and 12 months after surgery in a cohort of 45 pre- and postmenopausal women with primary estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors. RESULTS Mean baseline levels ±SD for DKK-1 and sclerostin were 29.7 ± 14.6 and 27.1 ± 16.2 pmol/l, respectively. A significant negative correlation of DKK-1 levels and age was observed (r = -0.32; p < 0.05), but not for sclerostin. Of note, DKK-1 levels were significantly lower in peri- and postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal patients (-47%; p < 0.05). In tamoxifen-treated patients, DKK-1 levels were reduced by 35% (p < 0.01) one year after surgery but remained unaltered in patients treated with aromatase inhibitors. No significant changes were observed for sclerostin. CONCLUSION DKK-1 serum levels were reduced in breast cancer patients receiving an adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen, possibly contributing to its bone-protective properties.
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Tampellini M, La Salvia A, Scagliotti GV. Novel investigational therapies for treating biliary tract carcinoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:1423-1436. [PMID: 27771967 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1252330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an epithelial cell malignancy arising from bile ducts and/or peribiliary glands. Even though it is considered as a rare neoplasm, its incidence is raising, particularly in developed countries. Prognosis is generally poor with few patients who present the inclusion criteria for surgery (the mainstay treatment for this tumour). Several genetic alterations potentially driving tumour progression have been described, representing a possible target for new compounds. Areas covered: A clinical trial search in Clinicaltrials.gov encompassing a literature search in PubMed and ASCO/ESMO Websites was undertaken in March 2016. Expert opinion: Notwithstanding a large number of drug tested, results are still disappointing. The main reasons could be the low number of patients enrolled in trials, and the lack of a patient selection based on the biological profile of the tumours. Potential active drugs could have been discharged simply because beneficial in a particular subgroup of patients and not in un unselected population. The future direction of the research should consider biomarker evaluation in order to describe the genetic alteration/s that drive tumour progression and aggressiveness and the mechanisms of drug resistance. Finally, it will be of great interest to consider the results of immunotherapy whenever available.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tampellini
- a Department of Oncology, AOU San Luigi di Orbassano , University of Turin , Torino , Italy
| | - A La Salvia
- a Department of Oncology, AOU San Luigi di Orbassano , University of Turin , Torino , Italy
| | - G V Scagliotti
- a Department of Oncology, AOU San Luigi di Orbassano , University of Turin , Torino , Italy
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Sousa LH, Linhares EVM, Alexandre JT, Lisboa MR, Furlaneto F, Freitas R, Ribeiro I, Val D, Marques M, Chaves HV, Martins C, Brito GAC, Goes P. Effects of Atorvastatin on Periodontitis of Rats Subjected to Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1206-16. [PMID: 27240474 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atorvastatin (ATV) has shown pleiotropic effects on bone tissue, and osteoporosis can aggravate periodontitis. Thus, the effects of ATV on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats subjected to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) was assessed. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: 1) naive; 2) EP; 3) GIOP + EP; and 4) ATV. Groups GIOP + EP and ATV received 7 mg/kg dexamethasone intramuscularly once per week for 5 weeks, and the others received saline (SAL). Groups EP, GIOP + EP, and ATV were submitted to EP by ligature around the maxillary left second molars for 11 days. Group ATV received 27 mg/kg ATV orally, and the others received SAL 30 minutes before EP. Periodontium was analyzed by macroscopy, microtomography, and histopathology; by immunohistochemical examination of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), wingless (WNT) 10b, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1), and β-catenin; and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL10, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Leukogram, liver and kidney enzymes, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) serum levels were evaluated. RESULTS ATV decreased bone loss, reduced MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, and increased IL-10, GSH, SOD, and CAT levels. ATV reduced RANKL and DKK-1 and increased OPG, WNT10b, and β-catenin expressions and BALP activity. CONCLUSION ATV reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone loss in rats with EP and GIOP, with participation of the WNT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Hermínia Sousa
- Postgraduate Program of Health Science, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Eveline V M Linhares
- Postgraduate Program of Health Science, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Roberto Lisboa
- Postgraduate Program of Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Flávia Furlaneto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul Freitas
- Postgraduate Program of Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará
| | | | - Danielle Val
- Renorbio Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mirna Marques
- Postgraduate Program of Health Science, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Hellíada Vasconcelos Chaves
- Postgraduate Program of Health Science, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Conceição Martins
- Postgraduate Program of Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará.,Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Paula Goes
- Postgraduate Program of Health Science, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program of Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará.,Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará
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Browne AJ, Göbel A, Thiele S, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M, Rachner TD. p38 MAPK regulates the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 in osteotropic prostate cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2119. [PMID: 26913608 PMCID: PMC4849158 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) has been associated with the occurrence of bone metastases in osteotropic prostate cancer by inhibiting osteoblastogenesis. P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity is also dysregulated in advanced prostate cancer. However, the impact of p38 MAPK signaling on DKK-1 remains unknown. Inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling in osteolytic PC3 cells by small molecule inhibitors (doramapimod, LY2228820 and SB202190) suppressed DKK-1 expression, whereas activation of p38 MAPK by anisomycin increased DKK-1. Further dissection by targeting individual p38 MAPK isoforms with siRNA revealed a stronger role for MAPK11 than MAPK14 and MAPK12 in the regulation of DKK-1. Moreover, prostate cancer cells with a predominantly osteolytic phenotype produced sufficient amounts of DKK-1 to inhibit Wnt3a-induced osteoblastic differentiation in C2C12 cells. This inhibition was blocked directly by neutralizing DKK-1 using a specific antibody and also indirectly by blocking p38 MAPK. Furthermore, tissue expression in human prostate cancer revealed a correlation between p38 MAPK and DKK-1 expression with higher expression in tumor compared with normal tissues. These results reveal that p38 MAPK regulates DKK-1 in prostate cancer and may present a potential target in osteolytic prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Browne
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Göbel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Thiele
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - L C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - T D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Göbel A, Browne AJ, Thiele S, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC, Rachner TD. Potentiated suppression of Dickkopf-1 in breast cancer by combined administration of the mevalonate pathway inhibitors zoledronic acid and statins. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 154:623-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rachner TD, Göbel A, Browne A, Hötzel J, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC. P38 regulates the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:728-32. [PMID: 26407843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signalling and has been associated with the progression of osteolytic bone metastases by impairing osteoblast activity. In addition, there is growing evidence supporting a direct anti-tumour effect of DKK-1. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulates intracellular responses that have been linked to cell cycle, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. P38 inhibitors are currently under clinical evaluation for the treatment of malignancies. However, the influence of p38 on DKK-1 in breast cancer remains elusive. In this work, we show that p38 inhibition using SB202190 or LY2228820 potently suppressed DKK-1 expression by MDA-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines as well melanoma derived MDA-435 cells. Vice versa, activation of p38 signalling by anisomycin induced DKK-1 expression. Immunohistochemical analysis of DKK-1 expression in 97 breast cancer samples revealed that high expression of p38 was associated with a higher expression of DKK-1 compared to tumours with low p38 expression. In conclusion, these results support a role of p38 in the regulation of DKK-1 in osteolytic tumours and warrant further research on the potential of p38 inhibition for the treatment of malignant bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Andy Göbel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew Browne
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josefa Hötzel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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28
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He S, Lu Y, Liu X, Huang X, Keller ET, Qian CN, Zhang J. Wnt3a: functions and implications in cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:554-62. [PMID: 26369691 PMCID: PMC4593336 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wnt3a, one of Wnt family members, plays key roles in regulating pleiotropic cellular functions, including self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and motility. Accumulating evidence has suggested that Wnt3a promotes or suppresses tumor progression via the canonical Wnt signaling pathway depending on cancer type. In addition, the roles of Wnt3a signaling can be inhibited by multiple proteins or chemicals. Herein, we summarize the latest findings on Wnt3a as an important therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha He
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China. .,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China. .,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China. .,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China. .,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 51006, P.R. China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China. .,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China. .,Department of Urology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Rachner TD, Thiele S, Göbel A, Browne A, Fuessel S, Erdmann K, Wirth MP, Fröhner M, Todenhöfer T, Muders MH, Kieslinger M, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC. High serum levels of Dickkopf-1 are associated with a poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:649. [PMID: 25182503 PMCID: PMC4167148 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) has been linked to the progression of malignant bone disease by impairing osteoblast activity. In addition, there is increasing data to suggest direct tumor promoting effects of DKK-1. The prognostic role of DKK-1 expression in prostate cancer remains unclear. Methods A prostate cancer tissue microarray (n = 400) was stained for DKK-1 and DKK-1 serum levels were measured in 80 patients with prostate cancer. The independent prognostic value of DKK-1 expression was assessed using multivariate analyses. Results DKK-1 tissue expression was significantly increased in prostate cancer compared to benign disease, but was not correlated with survival. However, high DKK-1 serum levels at the time of the diagnosis were associated with a significantly shorter overall and disease-specific survival. Multivariate analyses defined high serum levels of DKK-1 as an independent prognostic marker in prostate cancer (HR 3.73; 95%CI 1.44-9.66, p = 0.007). Conclusion High DKK-1 serum levels are associated with a poor survival in patients with prostate cancer. In light of current clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of anti-DKK-1 antibody therapies in multiple myeloma and solid malignancies, the measurement of DKK-1 in prostate cancer may gain clinical relevance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-649) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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