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Costa de Sousa V, Nunes Sousa FR, Felipe Vasconcelos R, Angelino Barreto G, Martins CS, Romero Dias N, Costa S, Chaves Bernardino MJ, de Almeida Silva G, Linhares N, Gondim D, Marques M, Chaves H, Alves K, Leitão R, Brito GAC, Nobre Pinho Ribeiro ME, Goes P. Polysacharide of Agaricus blazei gel mitigates bone necrosis in model of the jaws related to bisphosphonate via Wnt signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8215. [PMID: 38589479 PMCID: PMC11002000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate de effect of PAb gel on the bone tissue of rats submitted to Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). Initially, 54 animals were submitted to BRONJ model by Zoledronic Acid (ZA) (0.1 mg/kg 3x/wk for 9 wk, ip), followed by the 1st upper left molar extraction at the 8th wk. After tooth removal, the animals were divided into 3 groups, ZA that received placebo gel or PAb gel that received 1% PAb gel, inside the dental alveolus. The control Group (CONTROL) received 0.1 mg/kg of 0.9% saline and then placebo gel. Three weeks after tooth extraction, the animals were euthanized, and maxillae were colleted for macroscopic, radiographic, histological and Raman spectomery assays. Additionally, GSK3b, beta-catenin, and Runx2 mRNA expressions were determined. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels. PAb gel improved mucosal healing, increased the number of viable osteocytes, while it reduced the number of empty lacunae, as well as the amount of bone sequestration. Furthermore, PAb gel positively influenced the number and functionality of osteoblasts by stimulating Wnt signaling, thereby inducing bone remodeling. Additionally, PAb gel contributed to improved bone quality, as evidenced by an increase in bone mineral content, a decrease in bone solubility, and an enhancement in the quality of collagen, particularly type I collagen. PAb gel mitigated bone necrosis by stimulating of bone remodeling through Wnt signaling and concurrently improved bone quality. PAb gel emerges as a promising pharmacological tool for aiding in BRONJ therapy or potentially preventing the development of BRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Costa de Sousa
- Post Graduation of Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gisele Angelino Barreto
- Post Graduation of Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Conceição S Martins
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Nilson Romero Dias
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Sislana Costa
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nadine Linhares
- Post Graduation of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Delane Gondim
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mirna Marques
- Faculty of Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Helliada Chaves
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Karuza Alves
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Renata Leitão
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Goes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
- Lab of Medical Immunology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil.
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Costa DVS, Shin JH, Goldbeck SM, Bolick DT, Mesquita FS, Loureiro AV, Rodrigues-Jesus MJ, Brito GAC, Warren CA. Adenosine receptors differentially mediate enteric glial cell death induced by Clostridioides difficile Toxins A and B. Front Immunol 2023; 13:956326. [PMID: 36726986 PMCID: PMC9885079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased risk of intestinal dysfunction has been reported in patients after Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Enteric glial cells (EGCs), a component of the enteric nervous system (ENS), contribute to gut homeostasis. Previous studies showed that adenosine receptors, A2A and A2B, modulate inflammation during CDI. However, it is unknown how these receptors can modulate the EGC response to the C. difficile toxins (TcdA and TcdB). We investigated the effects of these toxins on the expression of adenosine receptors in EGCs and the role of these receptors on toxin-induced EGC death. Rat EGCs line were incubated with TcdA or TcdB alone or in combination with adenosine analogues 1h prior to toxins challenge. After incubation, EGCs were collected to evaluate gene expression (adenosine receptors and proinflammatory markers) and cell death. In vivo, WT, A2A, and A2B KO mice were infected with C. difficile, euthanized on day 3 post-infection, and cecum tissue was processed. TcdA and TcdB increased A2A and A3 transcripts, as well as decreased A2B. A2A agonist, but not A2A antagonist, decreased apoptosis induced by TcdA and TcdB in EGCs. A2B blocker, but not A2B agonist, diminished apoptosis in EGCs challenged with both toxins. A3 agonist, but not A3 blocker, reduced apoptosis in EGCs challenged with TcdA and TcdB. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) and CREB, both involved in the main signaling pathway driven by activation of adenosine receptors, decreased EGC apoptosis induced by both toxins. A2A agonist and A2B antagonist decreased S100B upregulation induced by C. difficile toxins in EGCs. In vivo, infected A2B KO mice, but not A2A, exhibited a decrease in cell death, including EGCs and enteric neuron loss, compared to infected WT mice, reduced intestinal damage and decreased IL-6 and S100B levels in cecum. Our findings indicate that upregulation of A2A and A3 and downregulation of A2B in EGCs and downregulation of A2B in intestinal tissues elicit a protective response against C. difficile toxins. Adenosine receptors appear to play a regulatory role in EGCs death and proinflammatory response induced by TcdA and TcdB, and thus may be potential targets of intervention to prevent post-CDI intestinal dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiziane V S Costa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jae H Shin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sophia M Goldbeck
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - David T Bolick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Flavio S Mesquita
- Department of Microbiology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea V Loureiro
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mônica J Rodrigues-Jesus
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cirle A Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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de Sousa VC, Sousa FRN, Vasconcelos RF, Martins CS, Lopes AP, Alves NM, Viana D, Alves K, Leitão R, Brito GAC, Girão V, Goes P. Atorvastatin reduces zoledronic acid-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws of rats. Bone 2022; 164:116523. [PMID: 35985466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Costa de Sousa
- Post Graduation Program in Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Felipe Vasconcelos
- Post Graduation Program in Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Conceição S Martins
- Post Graduation Program in Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pimentel Lopes
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Militão Alves
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Delane Viana
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Karuza Alves
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Renata Leitão
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Virginia Girão
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Paula Goes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Loureiro AV, Moura-Neto LI, Martins CS, Silva PIM, Lopes MB, Leitão RFC, Coelho-Aguiar JM, Moura-Neto V, Warren CA, Costa DV, Brito GAC. Role of Pannexin-1-P2X7R signaling on cell death and pro-inflammatory mediator expression induced by Clostridioides difficile toxins in enteric glia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956340. [PMID: 36072579 PMCID: PMC9442043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) produces toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB), both associated with intestinal damage and diarrhea. Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels allows the passage of messenger molecules, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which in turn activate the P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) that regulate inflammation and cell death in inflammatory bowel diseases. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of C. difficile infection (CDI) in the expression of Panx1 and P2X7R in intestinal tissues of mice, as well as their role in cell death and IL-6 expression induced by TcdA and TcdB in enteric glial cells (EGCs). Male C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks of age) were infected with C. difficile VPI10463, and the control group received only vehicle per gavage. After three days post-infection (p.i.), cecum and colon samples were collected to evaluate the expression of Panx1 by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, EGCs (PK060399egfr) were challenged with TcdA or TcdB, in the presence or absence of the Panx1 inhibitor (10Panx trifluoroacetate) or P2X7R antagonist (A438079), and Panx1 and P2X7R expression, caspase-3/7 activity and phosphatidylserine binding to annexin-V, as well as IL-6 expression were assessed. CDI increased the levels of Panx1 in cecum and colon of mice compared to the control group. Panx1 inhibitor decreased caspase-3/7 activity and phosphatidylserine-annexin-V binding, but not IL-6 gene expression in TcdA and TcdB-challenged EGCs. P2X7 receptor antagonist accentually reduced caspase-3/7 activity, phosphatidylserine-annexin-V binding, and IL-6 gene expression in TcdA and TcdB-challenged EGCs. In conclusion, Panx1 is increased during CDI and plays an important role in the effects of C. difficile toxins in EGCs, participating in cell death induced by both toxins by promoting caspase-3/7 activation via P2X7R, which is also involved in IL-6 expression induced by both toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V. Loureiro
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lauro I. Moura-Neto
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Conceição S. Martins
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro I. M. Silva
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Matheus B.S. Lopes
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata F. C. Leitão
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Juliana M. Coelho-Aguiar
- Paulo Niemeyer Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Paulo Niemeyer Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cirle A. Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Deiziane V.S. Costa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Gerly A. C. Brito, ; Deiziane V.S. Costa,
| | - Gerly A. C. Brito
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Gerly A. C. Brito, ; Deiziane V.S. Costa,
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Santos AAQA, Costa DVS, Foschetti DA, Duarte ASG, Martins CS, Soares PMG, Castelucci P, Brito GAC. P2X7 receptor blockade decreases inflammation, apoptosis, and enteric neuron loss during Clostridioides difficile toxin A-induced ileitis in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4075-4088. [PMID: 36157120 PMCID: PMC9403433 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i30.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is the most common pathogen causing health care-associated infections. C. difficile TcdA and TcdB have been shown to activate enteric neurons; however, what population of these cells is more profoundly influenced and the mechanism underlying these effects remain unknown.
AIM To characterize a specific population of TcdA-affected myenteric neurons and investigate the role of the P2X7 receptor in TcdA-induced ileal inflammation, cell death, and the changes in the enteric nervous system in mice.
METHODS Swiss mice were used to model TcdA-induced ileitis in ileal loops exposed to TcdA (50 μg/Loop) for 4 h. To investigate the role of the P2X7 receptor, Brilliant Blue G (50 mg/kg, i.p.), which is a nonspecific P2X7 receptor antagonist, or A438079 (0.7 μg/mouse, i.p.), which is a competitive P2X7 receptor antagonist, were injected one hour prior to TcdA challenge. Ileal samples were collected to analyze the expression of the P2X7 receptor (by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry), the population of myenteric enteric neurons (immunofluorescence), histological damage, intestinal inflammation, cell death (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling), neuronal loss, and S100B synthesis (immunohistochemistry).
RESULTS TcdA upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression of the P2X7 receptor gene in the ileal tissues, increasing the level of this receptor in myenteric neurons compared to that in control mice. Comparison with the control mice indicated that TcdA promoted (P < 0.05) the loss of myenteric calretinin+ (Calr) and choline acetyltransferase+ neurons and increased the number of nitrergic+ and Calr+ neurons expressing the P2X7 receptor. Blockade of the P2X7 receptor decreased TcdA-induced intestinal damage, cytokine release [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α], cell death, enteric neuron loss, and S100B synthesis in the mouse ileum.
CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that TcdA induced the upregulation of the P2X7 receptor, which promoted enteric neuron loss, S100B synthesis, tissue damage, inflammation, and cell death in the mouse ileum. These findings contribute to the future directions in understanding the mechanism involved in intestinal dysfunction reported in patients after C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Q A Santos
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-170, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Deiziane V S Costa
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-170, Ceara, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-170, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Foschetti
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-170, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Antoniella S G Duarte
- Department of Morphology (UFC), Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-170, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Conceição S Martins
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-170, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Pedro M G Soares
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-170, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Patricia Castelucci
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60140-170, Ceara, Brazil
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Loureiro AV, Barbosa MLL, Morais MLGS, Souza IP, Terceiro LS, Martins CS, Sousa APR, Leitão RFC, Shin JH, Warren CA, Costa DVS, Brito GAC. Host and Clostridioides difficile-Response Modulated by Micronutrients and Glutamine: An Overview. Front Nutr 2022; 9:849301. [PMID: 35795588 PMCID: PMC9251358 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.849301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in intestinal microbiota are integral to development of Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile)—associated nosocomial diarrhea. Certain diets, especially Western diets, increase susceptibility to C. difficile infection (CDI). Here, we discuss recent findings regarding how nutrients modulate response of the host and C. difficile during infection. Calcium has a role in the sporulation and germination process. Selenium is effective in reducing the total amount of C. difficile toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) and in decreasing its cytotoxicity. In addition, selenium phosphate synthetase deficiency reduces C. difficile growth and spore production. On the other hand, iron has a dual role in C. difficile growth. For instance, high intracellular levels can generate reactive hydroxyl radicals, whereas low levels can reduce its growth. In humans, zinc deficiency appears to be related to the recurrence of CDI, in contrast, in the CDI model in mice a diet rich in zinc increased the toxin's activity. Low vitamin D levels contribute to C. difficile colonization, toxin production, and inflammation. Furthermore, glutamine appears to protect intestinal epithelial cells from the deleterious effects of TcdA and TcdB. In conclusion, nutrients play an important role in modulating host and pathogen response. However, further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms and address some controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa V. Loureiro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Maria L. L. Barbosa
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Maria L. G. S. Morais
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ismael P. Souza
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Letícia S. Terceiro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Conceição S. Martins
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Arkila P. R. Sousa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Renata F. C. Leitão
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jae H. Shin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, VA, United States
| | - Cirle A. Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, VA, United States
| | - Deiziane V. S. Costa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, VA, United States
| | - Gerly A. C. Brito
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Gerly A. C. Brito
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Pereira ADSBF, de Souza Lima ML, da Silva-Junior AA, dos Santos Silva E, de Araújo Júnior RF, Martins AA, Alves JSF, Oliveira ADS, De Santis Ferreira L, de Araújo Costa ECT, Guerra GCB, de Medeiros CACX, Brito GAC, de Carvalho Leitao RF, de Araújo AA. In vitro-in vivo availability of metformin hydrochloride-PLGA nanoparticles in diabetic rats in a periodontal disease experimental model. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:1576-1584. [PMID: 34808068 PMCID: PMC8635670 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2002369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metformin is an important oral anti-hyperglycemic used in diabetes. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) has been widely used due to its reliability in controlling the release of drugs. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the in vitro-in vivo availability of metformin hydrochloride-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro metformin release (Met-free or PLGA + Met-12.5 mg/mL per 360 min) was evaluated using static Franz vertical diffusion cells. The in vivo study was performed with two control groups (validation bioanalytical method) and two experimental groups of diabetic male Wistar rats treated with PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg or Met 100 mg/kg by oral gavage. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) through the penile vein. Blood samples were collected 0.5, 1, 4, 7, 10, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg was released in the in vitro assay suggesting a parabolic diffusion kinetic model (K -0.0619-0.5h) with a 100% release profile in 10 h by controlled diffusion. The in vivo assay showed the apparent volume of distribution Vz/F (PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg, 40971.8 mL/kg vs. Met 100 mg/kg, 2174.58 mL/kg) and mean residence time MRTinf (PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg, 37.66 h vs. Met 100 mg/kg, 3.34 h). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The formulation modifies pharmacokinetics parameters such as apparent distribution volume and mean residence time. The PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg had a slower elimination rate compared to Met 100 mg/kg in diabetic rats in a periodontal disease experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emanuell dos Santos Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Post-Graduation program in Functional and Structural Biology/Post-graduation program Health Science/Department of Morphology, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Gerly A. C. Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Postgraduate Program in Morphology, Department of Morphology, UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Post-Graduation Program Oral Science/Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
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Costa DVS, Moura-Neto V, Bolick DT, Guerrant RL, Fawad JA, Shin JH, Medeiros PHQS, Ledwaba SE, Kolling GL, Martins CS, Venkataraman V, Warren CA, Brito GAC. S100B Inhibition Attenuates Intestinal Damage and Diarrhea Severity During Clostridioides difficile Infection by Modulating Inflammatory Response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:739874. [PMID: 34568098 PMCID: PMC8461106 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.739874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the enteric nervous system, which is a source of S100B, in Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) is poorly understood although intestinal motility dysfunctions are known to occur following infection. Here, we investigated the role of S100B in CDI and examined the S100B signaling pathways activated in C. difficile toxin A (TcdA)- and B (TcdB)-induced enteric glial cell (EGC) inflammatory response. The expression of S100B was measured in colon tissues and fecal samples of patients with and without CDI, as well as in colon tissues from C. difficile-infected mice. To investigate the role of S100B signaling in IL-6 expression induced by TcdA and TcdB, rat EGCs were used. Increased S100B was found in colonic biopsies from patients with CDI and colon tissues from C. difficile-infected mice. Patients with CDI-promoted diarrhea exhibited higher levels of fecal S100B compared to non-CDI cases. Inhibition of S100B by pentamidine reduced the synthesis of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, GMCSF, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-23, and IL-2 and downregulated a variety of NFκB-related genes, increased the transcription (SOCS2 and Bcl-2) of protective mediators, reduced neutrophil recruitment, and ameliorated intestinal damage and diarrhea severity in mice. In EGCs, TcdA and TcdB upregulated S100B-mediated IL-6 expression via activation of RAGE/PI3K/NFκB. Thus, CDI appears to upregulate colonic S100B signaling in EGCs, which in turn augment inflammatory response. Inhibition of S100B activity attenuates the intestinal injury and diarrhea caused by C. difficile toxins. Our findings provide new insight into the role of S100B in CDI pathogenesis and opens novel avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiziane V S Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Paulo Niemeyer Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David T Bolick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Richard L Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jibraan A Fawad
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jae H Shin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Pedro H Q S Medeiros
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Solanka E Ledwaba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Glynis L Kolling
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Conceição S Martins
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Venkat Venkataraman
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States
| | - Cirle A Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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9
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Martins CS, Costa DVS, Lima BB, Leitäo RFC, Freire GE, Silva GFM, Pacífico DM, Abreu JG, Brito GAC. Clostridioides difficile Toxin A-Induced Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Inhibition Is Mediated by Rac1 Glucosylation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1998. [PMID: 32983019 PMCID: PMC7483921 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile toxin A (TcdA) has been shown to inhibit cellular Wnt signaling, the major driving force behind the proliferation of epithelial cells in colonic crypts, likely through the inhibition of β-catenin nuclear translocation. Herein, we aimed to advance the understanding of this mechanism by replicating the findings in vivo and by investigating the specific role of Rac1, a member of the Rho GTPase family, on the inhibition of the Wnt-induced β-catenin nuclear translocation triggered by TcdA. To investigate the effects of TcdA on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vivo, we injected the ileal loops of C57BL/6 mice with TcdA [phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as the control] to induce C. difficile disease-like ileitis. After 4 h post-injection, we obtained ileum tissue samples to assess Wnt signaling activation and cell proliferation through Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR. To assess the role of Rac1 on Wnt signaling inhibition by TcdA, we transfected rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) with either a constitutively active Rac1 plasmid (pcDNA3-EGFP-Rac1-Q61L) or an empty vector, which served as the control. We incubated these cells with Wnt3a-conditioned medium (Wnt3a-CM) to induce Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, and then challenged the cells with TcdA. We assessed Wnt signaling activation in vitro with TOP/FOPflash luciferase assays, determined nuclear β-catenin translocation by immunofluorescence, measured cyclin D1 protein expression by Western blotting, and quantified cell proliferation by Ki67 immunostaining. In vivo, TcdA decreased β-catenin, cyclin D1, and cMYC expression and inhibited the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus in the ileum epithelial cells. In addition, TcdA suppressed cell proliferation and increased Wnt3a expression, but did not alter Rac1 gene expression in the ileum tissue. In vitro, constitutively active Rac1 prevented Wnt signaling inhibition by enabling the β-catenin nuclear translocation that had been blocked by TcdA. Our results show that TcdA inhibits Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vivo and demonstrate that this inhibition is likely caused by a Rac1-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conceição S Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Deiziane V S Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Lima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Renata F C Leitäo
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gildênio E Freire
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Guilherme F M Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Dvison M Pacífico
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - José G Abreu
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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10
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Santos MJS, Canuto KM, de Aquino CC, Martins CS, Brito GAC, Pessoa TMRP, Bertolini LR, de Sá Carneiro I, Pinto DV, Nascimento JCR, da Silva BB, Valença JT, Guedes MIF, Owen JS, Oriá RB. A Brazilian regional basic diet-induced chronic malnutrition drives liver inflammation with higher ApoA-I activity in C57BL6J mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9031. [PMID: 32401929 PMCID: PMC7228546 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition is still considered endemic in many developing countries. Malnutrition-enteric infections may cause lasting deleterious effects on lipid metabolism, especially in children living in poor settings. The regional basic diet (RBD), produced to mimic the Brazilian northeastern dietary characteristics (rich in carbohydrate and low in protein) has been used in experimental malnutrition models, but few studies have explored the effect of chronic RBD on liver function, a central organ involved in cholesterol metabolism. This study aimed to investigate whether RBD leads to liver inflammatory changes and altered reverse cholesterol metabolism in C57BL6/J mice compared to the control group, receiving a standard chow diet. To evaluate liver inflammation, ionized calcium-binding adapter protein-1 (IBA-1) positive cell counting, interleukin (IL)-1β immunohistochemistry, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-10 transcription levels were analyzed. In addition, we assessed reverse cholesterol transport by measuring liver apolipoprotein (Apo)E, ApoA-I, and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) by RT-PCR. Furthermore, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was measured to assess liver function. RBD markedly impaired body weight gain compared with the control group (P<0.05). Higher hepatic TNF-α (P<0.0001) and IL-10 (P=0.001) mRNA levels were found in RBD-challenged mice, although without detectable non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Marked IBA-1 immunolabeling and increased number of positive-IBA-1 cells were found in the undernourished group. No statistical difference in serum ALT was found. There was also a significant increase in ApoA mRNA expression in the undernourished group, but not ApoE and LCAT, compared with the control. Altogether our findings suggested that chronic RBD-induced malnutrition leads to liver inflammation with increased ApoA-I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J S Santos
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - K M Canuto
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C C de Aquino
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C S Martins
- Núcleo de Microscopia e Processagem de Imagens, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - G A C Brito
- Núcleo de Microscopia e Processagem de Imagens, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - T M R P Pessoa
- Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - L R Bertolini
- Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - I de Sá Carneiro
- Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D V Pinto
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J C R Nascimento
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - B B da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J T Valença
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M I F Guedes
- Laboratório de Biologia e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J S Owen
- Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, Hampstead, London, United Kingdom
| | - R B Oriá
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização Tecidual, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Departamento de Morfologia e Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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11
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Barbosa SCM, Pereira VBM, Wong DVT, Santana APM, Lucetti LT, Carvalho LL, Barbosa CRN, Callado RB, Silva CAA, Lopes CDH, Brito GAC, Alencar NMN, Lima-Júnior RCP. Amifostine reduces inflammation and protects against 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis and hyposalivation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8251. [PMID: 30810625 PMCID: PMC6393848 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20188251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and dose-limiting side effect of cancer treatment, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and radiotherapy. The efficacy of the therapeutic measures to prevent OM is limited and disease prevention is not fully observable. Amifostine is a cytoprotective agent with a described anti-inflammatory potential. It is clinically used to reduce radiotherapy and chemotherapy-associated xerostomia. This study investigated the protective effect of amifostine on an experimental model of OM. Hamsters were divided into six groups: saline control group (5 mL/kg), mechanical trauma (scratches) of the right cheek pouch; 5-FU (60 and 40 mg/kg, ip, respectively, administered on days 1 and 2); amifostine (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg) + 5-FU + scratches. Salivation rate was assessed and the animals were euthanized on day 10 for the analysis of macroscopic and microscopic injury by scores. Tissue samples were harvested for the measurement of neutrophil infiltration and detection of inflammatory markers by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. 5-FU induced pronounced hyposalivation, which was prevented by amifostine (P<0.05). In addition, 5-FU injection caused pronounced tissue injury accompanied by increased neutrophil accumulation, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) tissue levels, and positive immunostaining for TNF-α, IL-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Interestingly, amifostine prevented the inflammatory reaction and consequently improved macroscopic and microscopic damage (P<0.05 vs 5-FU group). Amifostine reduced inflammation and protected against 5-FU-associated oral mucositis and hyposalivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C M Barbosa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - V B M Pereira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - D V T Wong
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - A P M Santana
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - L T Lucetti
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - L L Carvalho
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - C R N Barbosa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - R B Callado
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - C A A Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - C D H Lopes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - G A C Brito
- Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - N M N Alencar
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
| | - R C P Lima-Júnior
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Famacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil
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12
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Silva RO, Bingana RD, Sales TMAL, Moreira RLR, Costa DVS, Sales KMO, Brito GAC, Santos AA, Souza MÂN, Soares PMG, Sifrim D, Souza MHLP. Role of TRPV1 receptor in inflammation and impairment of esophageal mucosal integrity in a murine model of nonerosive reflux disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13340. [PMID: 29573069 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microscopic inflammation and impairment of the esophageal epithelial barrier are considered relevant for perception of symptoms in patients with nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). In these patients, the receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is overexpressed in the esophageal mucosa, but its role is not yet fully understood. We evaluated the role of TRPV1 in esophageal inflammation and mucosal barrier impairment in a murine model of NERD. METHODS Nonerosive reflux disease was surgically induced in Swiss mice by pyloric substenosis and ligature of the gastric fundus, and the mice were killed 7 days post surgery. The experimental groups were: I, sham surgery (negative control); II, NERD untreated; III and IV, NERD + SB366791 or capsazepine (TRPV1 antagonists); and V, NERD + resiniferatoxin (for long-term desensitization of TRPV1). The esophagus was collected for western blotting and histopathology and for evaluation of wet weight, myeloperoxidase (MPO), keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and basal permeability to fluorescein. KEY RESULTS Compared to sham, NERD mice had increased esophageal wet weight and MPO and KC levels. The mucosa had no ulcers but exhibited inflammation. NERD mice showed mucosal TRPV1 overexpression, a more pronounced decrease in TEER at pH 0.5 (containing pepsin and taurodeoxycholic acid), and increased basal permeability. Pharmacological modulation of TRPV1 prevented esophageal inflammation development, TEER changes by acidic exposure, and increase in esophageal permeability. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The TRPV1 receptor has a critical role in esophageal inflammation and mucosal barrier impairment in NERD mice, suggesting that TRPV1 might be a pharmacological target in patients with NERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R D Bingana
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - T M A L Sales
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R L R Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - D V S Costa
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - K M O Sales
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - G A C Brito
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A A Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - M Â N Souza
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - P M G Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - D Sifrim
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M H L P Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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13
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Morais GB, Viana DA, Verdugo JM, Roselló MG, Porcel JO, Rocha DD, Xavier Júnior FAF, Barbosa KDSM, Silva FMO, Brito GAC, Sampaio CMS, Evangelista JSAM. Morphological characterization of ckd in cats: Insights of fibrogenesis to be recognized. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 81:46-57. [PMID: 29024123 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is characterized by glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis and its pathogenesis is associated with the activity of mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts), being essentially characterized by a process of excessive accumulation resulting from the deposition of extracellular matrix components. The aim of this study was to characterize the morphological presentation of chronic and fibrotic lesions in the glomerular, tubular, interstitial, and vascular compartments in feline CKD, as well as the possible participation of myofibroblasts in renal fibrotic processes in this species. Cat kidneys were collected and processed according to the conventional techniques for light microscopy, circular polarization, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Fibrotic alterations were present in all compartments analyzed. The main findings in the glomerular compartment were different degrees of glomerular sclerosis, synechia formation, Bowman's capsule calcification, in addition to glomerular basement membrane thickening and pericapsular fibrosis. The tubulointerstitial compartment had intense tubular degeneration and the immunostaining in tubular cells for mesenchymal cell markers demonstrated the possibility of mesenchymal epithelial transition and consequent involvement of myofibroblasts in the development of interstitial tubule damage. Infiltration of inflammatory cells, added to vessel thickening and fibrosis, demonstrated the severity and role of inflammation in the development and perpetuation of damage. Thus, we may conclude that fibrotic lesions play a relevant role in feline CKD and the mechanism of perpetuation of these lesions need further elucidation regarding the origin and participation of myofibroblasts and consequent mesenchymal epithelial transition in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Morais
- Comparative Morphology Laboratory, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - D A Viana
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Legal Medicine Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J M Verdugo
- Institute Cavanilles of Evolutionary Biodiversity, Universitad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M G Roselló
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Universitad Cardenal Herrera, Spain
| | - J O Porcel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Universitad Cardenal Herrera, Spain
| | - D D Rocha
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - F A F Xavier Júnior
- Comparative Morphology Laboratory, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - K D S M Barbosa
- Comparative Morphology Laboratory, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - F M O Silva
- Comparative Morphology Laboratory, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - G A C Brito
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Processing, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - C M S Sampaio
- Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J S A M Evangelista
- Comparative Morphology Laboratory, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
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14
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Bomfin LE, Braga CM, Oliveira TA, Martins CS, Foschetti DA, Santos AAQA, Costa DVS, Leitão RFC, Brito GAC. 5-Fluorouracil induces inflammation and oxidative stress in the major salivary glands affecting salivary flow and saliva composition. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 145:34-45. [PMID: 28867645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the histological aspects of the major salivary glands, salivary flow and saliva composition using an established oral mucositis model in hamsters. Oral mucositis was induced by two intraperitoneal administrations of 5-FU in two consecutive days (60 and 40mg/kg), followed by cheek pouch mucosa scratch, on day 4. The Pilocarpine-stimulated salivary flow was measured 4 and 10days after the first 5-FU injection. Salivary glands were harvested for histopathological analysis, measurement of inflammatory cells, quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), investigation of cell death and cell proliferation. Oxidative stress and oxidative defense system were also investigated in the salivary gland tissues using MDA (malondialdehyde), nitrite, non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH), SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase). In addition, the CAT and lysozyme activities and the IgA and SOD levels were evaluated in the saliva samples. 5-FU significantly reduced the pilocarpine-stimulated salivary flow rate on the 4th experimental day, associated with an increase in the SOD levels in saliva. Recovery of the salivary flow and SOD were observed on day 10, when an increase in the saliva lysozyme levels was detected. In addition, 5-FU promoted vacuolization in parotid (P) and periductal edema in submandibular (SM) gland, combined with an increase in the inflammatory cells influx, mostly observed on the 4th day in SM gland and on 4th and 10th days in P. Oxidative stress was found mostly on day 10 in SM, SL and P glands, associated with release of proinflammatory cytokines, observed in SM and SL glands, but not in P. 5-FU induces an inflammatory response in the major salivary glands, most observed ten days after its first injection, which may contribute to the major salivary glands hypofunction, leading to alterations in the salivary flow rate and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana E Bomfin
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cíntia M Braga
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Thais A Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Conceição S Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Foschetti
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana A Q A Santos
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Deiziane V S Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata F C Leitão
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Lima MDR, Lopes AP, Martins C, Brito GAC, Carneiro VC, Goes P. The Effect of Calendula officinalis on Oxidative Stress and Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:440. [PMID: 28701962 PMCID: PMC5487466 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is associated with reduced antioxidant capacity and increased oxidative damage. Oxidative stress induces inflammation and bone loss contributing to the pathological progression of periodontal disease. Calendula officinalis (CLO) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CLO on oxidative stress and bone loss in rats subjected to experimental periodontitis (EP). For this, 72 male Wistar rats were divided into groups: Naïve, Saline (SAL) and CLO. Rats received SAL or CLO (90 mg/kg) 30 min before ligature and daily until the 11th day. Naïve group experienced no manipulation. After 11 days, the animals were euthanized and left maxillae collected for macroscopic analysis of alveolar bone loss (ABL). Periodontium was analyzed by macroscopy, scanning electron microscopy; confocal and light polarized microscopy. Immunohistochemical examination of DKK1, WNT 10b and β-catenin was performed. The gingival tissue was collected to reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) analyses. The 11 days of ligature induced bone loss, breakdown of collagen fibers, increased the immunostaining DKK-1 while reduced WNT 10b and β-catenin expressions. Periodontitis reduced GSH, SOD, CAT and increase MDA. All findings were reversed by 90 mg/kg of CLO. In summary our findings demonstrated that CLO reduced oxidative stress and bone loss and preserved collagen fibers in rats with EP, with participation of WNT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Dos Reis Lima
- Nucleus of Study and Research in Pain, Inflammation, and Osteoimmunology, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of CearáFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Amanda P Lopes
- Nucleus of Study and Research in Pain, Inflammation, and Osteoimmunology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of CearáFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Conceição Martins
- Nucleus of Study and Research in Pain, Inflammation, and Osteoimmunology, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of CearáFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of CearáFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Virgínia C Carneiro
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of CearáFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Paula Goes
- Nucleus of Study and Research in Pain, Inflammation, and Osteoimmunology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of CearáFortaleza, Brazil
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16
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Nogueira LT, Costa DVS, Gomes AS, Martins CS, Silva AMHP, Coelho-Aguiar JM, Castelucci P, Lima-Júnior RCP, Leitão RFC, Moura-Neto V, Brito GAC. The involvement of mast cells in the irinotecan-induced enteric neurons loss and reactive gliosis. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:79. [PMID: 28388962 PMCID: PMC5384042 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The irinotecan (CPT-11) causes intestinal mucositis and diarrhea that may be related to changes in the enteric nervous system (ENS). In inflammatory condition, mast cells release a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators that can interact with the ENS cells. It has not been explored whether CPT-11 is able to alter the enteric glial and neuronal cell, and the role of mast cells in this effect. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of CPT-11 on the enteric glial and neuronal cells, as well as to study the role of mast cells in the CPT-11-induced intestinal mucositis. Methods Intestinal mucositis was induced in Swiss mice by the injection of CPT-11 (60 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 4 days following by euthanasia on the fifth day. To investigate the role of mast cells, the mice were pretreated with compound 48/80 for 4 days (first day, 0.6 mg/kg; second day, 1.0 mg/kg; third day, 1.2 mg/kg; fourth day, 2.4 mg/kg) to induce mast cell degranulation before the CPT-11 treatment. Results Here, we show that CPT-11 increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100β gene and S100β protein expressions and decreased HuC/D protein expression in the small intestine segments. Concomitantly, CPT-11 enhanced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression, associated with an increase in the total number macrophages (positive cells for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule, Iba-1) and degranulated mast cells in the small intestine segments and caused significant weight loss. The pretreatment with compound 48/80, an inductor of mast cells degranulation, significantly prevented these CPT-11-induced effects. Conclusions Our data suggests the participation of mast cells on the CPT-11-induced intestinal mucositis, macrophages activation, enteric reactive gliosis, and neuron loss. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0854-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila T Nogueira
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Deiziane V S Costa
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Antoniella S Gomes
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Conceição S Martins
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Angeline M H P Silva
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Coelho-Aguiar
- Paulo Niemeyer Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto C P Lima-Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata F C Leitão
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Paulo Niemeyer Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil.
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17
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Sampaio IC, Medeiros PHQS, Rodrigues FAP, Cavalcante PA, Ribeiro SA, Oliveira JS, Prata MMG, Costa DVS, Fonseca SGC, Guedes MM, Soares AM, Brito GAC, Havt A, Moore SR, Lima AAM. Impact of acute undernutrition on growth, ileal morphology and nutrient transport in a murine model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5340. [PMID: 27737316 PMCID: PMC5064774 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Undernutrition represents a major public health challenge for middle- and low-income
countries. This study aimed to evaluate whether a multideficient Northeast Brazil
regional basic diet (RBD) induces acute morphological and functional changes in the
ileum of mice. Swiss mice (∼25 g) were allocated into two groups: i) control mice
were fed a standard diet and II) undernourished mice were fed the RBD. After 7 days,
mice were killed and the ileum collected for evaluation of electrophysiological
parameters (Ussing chambers), transcription (RT-qPCR) and protein expression (western
blotting) of intestinal transporters and tight junctions. Body weight gain was
significantly decreased in the undernourished group, which also showed decreased
crypt depth but no alterations in villus height. Electrophysiology measurements
showed a reduced basal short circuit current (Isc) in the undernourished group, with no differences in transepithelial
resistance. Specific substrate-evoked Isc related to affinity and efficacy (glutamine and alanyl-glutamine) were
not different between groups, except for the maximum Isc (efficacy) induced by glucose. Transcription of Sglt1
and Pept1 was significantly higher in the undernourished group,
while SN-2 transcription was decreased. No changes were found in
transcription of CAT-1 and CFTR, while claudin-2 and occludin transcriptions were
significantly increased in the undernourished group. Despite mRNA changes, SGLT-1,
PEPT-1, claudin-2 and occludin protein expression showed no difference between
groups. These results demonstrate early effects of the RBD on mice, which include
reduced body weight and crypt depth in the absence of significant alterations to
villus morphology, intestinal transporters and tight junction expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Sampaio
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P H Q S Medeiros
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F A P Rodrigues
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P A Cavalcante
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - S A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J S Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M M G Prata
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D V S Costa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - S G C Fonseca
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M M Guedes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A M Soares
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - G A C Brito
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A Havt
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - S R Moore
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A A M Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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18
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Sousa LH, Linhares EVM, Alexandre JT, Lisboa MR, Furlaneto F, Freitas R, Ribeiro I, Val D, Marques M, Chaves HV, Martins C, Brito GAC, Goes P. Effects of Atorvastatin on Periodontitis of Rats Subjected to Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1206-16. [PMID: 27240474 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atorvastatin (ATV) has shown pleiotropic effects on bone tissue, and osteoporosis can aggravate periodontitis. Thus, the effects of ATV on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats subjected to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) was assessed. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: 1) naive; 2) EP; 3) GIOP + EP; and 4) ATV. Groups GIOP + EP and ATV received 7 mg/kg dexamethasone intramuscularly once per week for 5 weeks, and the others received saline (SAL). Groups EP, GIOP + EP, and ATV were submitted to EP by ligature around the maxillary left second molars for 11 days. Group ATV received 27 mg/kg ATV orally, and the others received SAL 30 minutes before EP. Periodontium was analyzed by macroscopy, microtomography, and histopathology; by immunohistochemical examination of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), wingless (WNT) 10b, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1), and β-catenin; and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL10, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Leukogram, liver and kidney enzymes, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) serum levels were evaluated. RESULTS ATV decreased bone loss, reduced MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, and increased IL-10, GSH, SOD, and CAT levels. ATV reduced RANKL and DKK-1 and increased OPG, WNT10b, and β-catenin expressions and BALP activity. CONCLUSION ATV reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone loss in rats with EP and GIOP, with participation of the WNT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Hermínia Sousa
- Postgraduate Program of Health Science, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Eveline V M Linhares
- Postgraduate Program of Health Science, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Roberto Lisboa
- Postgraduate Program of Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Flávia Furlaneto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul Freitas
- Postgraduate Program of Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará
| | | | - Danielle Val
- Renorbio Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mirna Marques
- Postgraduate Program of Health Science, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Hellíada Vasconcelos Chaves
- Postgraduate Program of Health Science, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Conceição Martins
- Postgraduate Program of Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará.,Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Paula Goes
- Postgraduate Program of Health Science, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program of Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará.,Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará
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19
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Martins CS, Leitão RFC, Costa DVS, Melo IM, Santos GS, Lima V, Baldim V, Wong DVT, Bonfim LE, Melo CB, de Oliveira MG, Brito GAC. Correction: Topical HPMC/S-Nitrosoglutathione Solution Decreases Inflammation and Bone Resorption in Experimental Periodontal Disease in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156356. [PMID: 27195775 PMCID: PMC4873148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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20
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Martins CS, Leitão RFC, Costa DVS, Melo IM, Santos GS, Lima V, Baldim V, Wong DVT, Bonfim LE, Melo CB, G. de Oliveira M, Brito GAC. Topical HPMC/S-Nitrosoglutathione Solution Decreases Inflammation and Bone Resorption in Experimental Periodontal Disease in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153716. [PMID: 27116554 PMCID: PMC4846037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a nitric oxide (NO) donor, which exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and microbicidal actions. Intragingival application of GSNO was already shown to decrease alveolar bone loss, inflammation and oxidative stress in an experimental periodontal disease (EPD) model. In the present study, we evaluated the potential therapeutic effect of topical applications of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)/GSNO solutions on EPD in Wistar rats. EPD was induced by placing a sterilized nylon (3.0) thread ligature around the cervix of the second left upper molar of the animals, which received topical applications of a HPMC solutions containing GSNO 2 or 10 mM or vehicle (HPMC solution), 1 h prior to the placement of the ligature and then twice daily until sacrifice on day 11. Treatment with HPMC/GSNO 10 mM solution significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, oxidative stress and TNF-α e IL-1β levels in the surrounding gingival tissue, and led to a decreased transcription of RANK and TNF-α genes and elevated bone alkaline phosphatase, compared to the HPMC group. In conclusion, topical application of HPMC/GSNO solution is a potential treatment to reduce inflammation and bone loss in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conceição S. Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata F. C. Leitão
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Deiziane V. S. Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Iracema M. Melo
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, School of Dentistry. Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Glaylton S. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vilma Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Victor Baldim
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deysi V. T. Wong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luana E. Bonfim
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cíntia B. Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G. de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MGO); (GACB)
| | - Gerly A. C. Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MGO); (GACB)
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21
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Goes P, Dutra CS, Lisboa MRP, Gondim DV, Leitão R, Brito GAC, Rego RO. Clinical efficacy of a 1% Matricaria chamomile L. mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine for gingivitis control in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. J Oral Sci 2016; 58:569-574. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Goes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará
- Morphofunctional Science Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Ceará
| | | | - Mário R. P. Lisboa
- Morphofunctional Science Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Delane V. Gondim
- Morphofunctional Science Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Ceará
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Renata Leitão
- Morphofunctional Science Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Ceará
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Gerly A. C. Brito
- Morphofunctional Science Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Ceará
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Ceará
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22
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Wong DVT, Lima-Júnior RCP, Carvalho CBM, Borges VF, Wanderley CWS, Bem AXC, Leite CAVG, Teixeira MA, Batista GLP, Silva RL, Cunha TM, Brito GAC, Almeida PRC, Cunha FQ, Ribeiro RA. The Adaptor Protein Myd88 Is a Key Signaling Molecule in the Pathogenesis of Irinotecan-Induced Intestinal Mucositis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139985. [PMID: 26440613 PMCID: PMC4595146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a common side effect of irinotecan-based anticancer regimens. Mucositis causes cell damage, bacterial/endotoxin translocation and production of cytokines including IL–1 and IL–18. These molecules and toll-like receptors (TLRs) activate a common signaling pathway that involves the Myeloid Differentiation adaptor protein, MyD88, whose role in intestinal mucositis is unknown. Then, we evaluated the involvement of TLRs and MyD88 in the pathogenesis of irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis. MyD88-, TLR2- or TLR9-knockout mice and C57BL/6 (WT) mice were given either saline or irinotecan (75 mg/kg, i.p. for 4 days). On day 7, animal survival, diarrhea and bacteremia were assessed, and following euthanasia, samples of the ileum were obtained for morphometric analysis, myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay and measurement of pro-inflammatory markers. Irinotecan reduced the animal survival (50%) and induced a pronounced diarrhea, increased bacteremia, neutrophil accumulation in the intestinal tissue, intestinal damage and more than twofold increased expression of MyD88 (200%), TLR9 (400%), TRAF6 (236%), IL–1β (405%), IL–18 (365%), COX–2 (2,777%) and NF-κB (245%) in the WT animals when compared with saline-injected group (P<0.05). Genetic deletion of MyD88, TLR2 or TLR9 effectively controlled the signs of intestinal injury when compared with irinotecan-administered WT controls (P<0.05). In contrast to the MyD88-/- and TLR2-/- mice, the irinotecan-injected TLR9-/- mice showed a reduced survival, a marked diarrhea and an enhanced expression of IL–18 versus irinotecan-injected WT controls. Additionally, the expression of MyD88 was reduced in the TLR2-/- or TLR9-/- mice. This study shows a critical role of the MyD88-mediated TLR2 and TLR9 signaling in the pathogenesis of irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deysi V. T. Wong
- Nucleus for the Study of Toxicities of the Cancer Treatment, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine–Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Roberto C. P. Lima-Júnior
- Nucleus for the Study of Toxicities of the Cancer Treatment, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine–Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cibele B. M. Carvalho
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine–Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vanessa F. Borges
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos W. S. Wanderley
- Nucleus for the Study of Toxicities of the Cancer Treatment, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine–Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Amanda X. C. Bem
- Nucleus for the Study of Toxicities of the Cancer Treatment, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine–Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Caio A. V. G. Leite
- Nucleus for the Study of Toxicities of the Cancer Treatment, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine–Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Maraiza A. Teixeira
- Nucleus for the Study of Toxicities of the Cancer Treatment, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine–Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gabriela L. P. Batista
- Nucleus for the Study of Toxicities of the Cancer Treatment, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine–Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rangel L. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerly A. C. Brito
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine–Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. C. Almeida
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine–Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A. Ribeiro
- Nucleus for the Study of Toxicities of the Cancer Treatment, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine–Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Cancer Institute of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- * E-mail: ;
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Leite CAVG, Alencar VTL, Melo DLR, Mota JMSC, Melo PH, Mourão LTC, Wong DVT, Magalhães PJC, Santos AA, Brito GAC, Lima-Júnior RCP, Cunha FQ, Ribeiro RA. Target Inhibition of IL-1 Receptor Prevents Ifosfamide Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Mice. J Urol 2015. [PMID: 26220217 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hemorrhagic cystitis is an important dose limiting side effect of ifosfamide based cancer chemotherapy. Despite chemoprophylaxis inflammation can still be found in cystoscopy guided biopsies. Previous studies confirmed the role of TNF-α and IL-1β. We evaluated the protective effect of the IL-1R antagonist anakinra and the anti-TNF-α antibody infliximab in experimental ifosfamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hemorrhagic cystitis was induced by an injection of ifosfamide (400 mg/kg intraperitoneally) in Swiss wild-type C57Bl/6, IL-1R-/-, TNFR1-/- or TNFR1/R2-/- mice. Mice were treated 30 minutes before ifosfamide with anakinra (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally), infliximab (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or vehicle. Visceral nociception was evaluated after hemorrhagic cystitis induction. At 12 hours the animals were sacrificed. Bladders were harvested to assess bladder wet weight, vascular permeability, macroscopic and microscopic findings, muscle contractility, and for cystometrography. Inflammatory cell infiltration was assessed by myeloperoxidase assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS Anakinra attenuated hemorrhage, edema, neutrophil infiltration, visceral hyperalgesia and bladder dysfunction. IL-1R-/- mice also showed milder hemorrhagic cystitis. Infliximab inhibited bladder edema and visceral hyperalgesia without preventing hemorrhage, bladder dysfunction, neutrophils or accumulation. Additionally, the lack of TNFR1 decreased bladder edema but not cell infiltration whereas concomitant deficiency of TNFR1 and TNFR2 resulted in worse hemorrhagic cystitis. CONCLUSIONS Anakinra is effective for preventing experimentally ifosfamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis. It seems that neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in this circumstance depends on IL-1 signaling through IL1R. Possibly TNFR2 has a protective role in hemorrhagic cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio A V G Leite
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Oncology, Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, Cancer Institute of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Viviane T L Alencar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi L R Melo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José M S C Mota
- Department of Clinics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Melo
- Department of Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia T C Mourão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deysi V T Wong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro J C Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Armênio A Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto C P Lima-Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Oncology, Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, Cancer Institute of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Araújo CV, Lazzarotto CR, Aquino CC, Figueiredo IL, Costa TB, Alves LADO, Ribeiro RA, Bertolini LR, Lima AAM, Brito GAC, Oriá RB. Alanyl-glutamine attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:493-501. [PMID: 25945744 PMCID: PMC4470307 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE=gene, apoE=protein) is a known factor regulating the inflammatory response that may have regenerative effects during tissue recovery from injury. We investigated whether apoE deficiency reduces the healing effect of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) treatment, a recognized gut-trophic nutrient, during tissue recovery after 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. APOE-knockout (APOE-/-) and wild-type (APOE+/+) C57BL6J male and female mice (N=86) were given either Ala-Gln (100 mM) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) by gavage 3 days before and 5 days after a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) challenge (450 mg/kg, via intraperitoneal injection). Mouse body weight was monitored daily. The 5-FU cytotoxic effect was evaluated by leukometry. Intestinal villus height, villus/crypt ratio, and villin expression were monitored to assess recovery of the intestinal absorptive surface area. Crypt length, mitotic, apoptotic, and necrotic crypt indexes, and quantitative real-time PCR for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) intestinal mRNA transcripts were used to evaluate intestinal epithelial cell turnover. 5-FU challenge caused significant weight loss and leukopenia (P<0.001) in both mouse strains, which was not improved by Ala-Gln. Villus blunting, crypt hyperplasia, and reduced villus/crypt ratio (P<0.05) were found in all 5-FU-challenged mice but not in PBS controls. Ala-Gln improved villus/crypt ratio, crypt length and mitotic index in all challenged mice, compared with PBS controls. Ala-Gln improved villus height only in APOE-/- mice. Crypt cell apoptosis and necrotic scores were increased in all mice challenged by 5-FU, compared with untreated controls. Those scores were significantly lower in Ala-Gln-treated APOE+/+ mice than in controls. Bcl-2 and IGF-1 mRNA transcripts were reduced only in the APOE-/- -challenged mice. Altogether our findings suggest APOE-independent Ala-Gln regenerative effects after 5-FU challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Araújo
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C R Lazzarotto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C C Aquino
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - I L Figueiredo
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - T B Costa
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - L A de Oliveira Alves
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R A Ribeiro
- Laboratório da Inflamação e Câncer, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - L R Bertolini
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A A M Lima
- Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - G A C Brito
- Laboratório da Inflamação e Câncer, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R B Oriá
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Lima-Júnior RCP, Freitas HC, Wong DVT, Wanderley CWS, Nunes LG, Leite LL, Miranda SP, Souza MHLP, Brito GAC, Magalhães PJC, Teixeira MM, Cunha FQ, Ribeiro RA. Targeted inhibition of IL-18 attenuates irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2335-50. [PMID: 24428790 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intestinal mucositis is a common side-effect of irinotecan-based cancer chemotherapy regimens. This mucositis is associated with cytokine activation and NO synthesis. Production of IL-18 is up-regulated in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, we have investigated the role of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wild type (WT), IL-18 or caspase-1 knockout mice were treated with either saline or irinotecan (60 mg·kg⁻¹ per 4 days, i.p.) or the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18bp, 10 mg·kg⁻¹) before irinotecan. On day 5, diarrhoea was monitored and proximal intestinal strips were obtained for histopathology, in vitro gut contractility, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inducible NOS (iNOS) activity, and detection of IL-18 expression. KEY RESULTS Irinotecan induced severe diarrhoea accompanied by intestinal injury (villi shortening and increased crypt depth). Additionally, irinotecan treatment increased MPO and iNOS activity, iNOS immunostaining and IL-18 expression in WT mice compared with saline treatment. The IL-18 production was associated with macrophages. In vitro, intestinal smooth muscle strips were hyperresponsive to ACh after irinotecan treatment. Increases in MPO and iNOS activity, intestinal contractility and diarrhoea were prevented in caspase-1 knockout and IL-18 knockout mice, and in IL-18bp-treated WT mice. Furthermore, the Survival of irinotecan-treated mice was increased and iNOS immunoexpression and IL-18 production prevented in IL-18 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Targeting IL-18 function may be a promising therapeutic approach to decreasing the severity of intestinal mucositis during irinotecan treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C P Lima-Júnior
- Nucleus for the Study of Toxicities of the Cancer Treatment, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Skeff MA, Brito GAC, de Oliveira MG, Braga CM, Cavalcante MM, Baldim V, Holanda-Afonso RC, Silva-Boghossian CM, Colombo AP, Ribeiro RA, Moura-Neto V, Leitão RFC. S-nitrosoglutathione accelerates recovery from 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113378. [PMID: 25478918 PMCID: PMC4257535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mucositis induced by anti-neoplastic drugs is an important, dose-limiting and costly side-effect of cancer therapy. Aim To evaluate the effect of the topical application of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a nitric oxide donor, on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis in hamsters. Materials and Methods Oral mucositis was induced in male hamsters by two intraperitoneal administrations of 5-FU on the first and second days of the experiment (60 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) followed by mechanical trauma on the fourth day. Animals received saline, HPMC or HPMC/GSNO (0.1, 0.5 or 2.0 mM) 1 h prior to the 5-FU injection and twice a day for 10 or 14 days. Samples of cheek pouches were harvested for: histopathological analysis, TNF-α and IL-1β levels, immunohistochemical staining for iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, Ki67 and TGF-β RII and a TUNEL assay. The presence and levels of 39 bacterial taxa were analyzed using the Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. The profiles of NO released from the HPMC/GSNO formulations were characterized using chemiluminescence. Results The HPMC/GSNO formulations were found to provide sustained release of NO for more than 4 h at concentration-dependent rates of 14 to 80 nmol/mL/h. Treatment with HPMC/GSNO (0.5 mM) significantly reduced mucosal damage, inflammatory alterations and cell death associated with 5-FU-induced oral mucositis on day 14 but not on day 10. HPMC/GSNO administration also reversed the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on cell proliferation on day 14. In addition, we observed that the chemotherapy significantly increased the levels and/or prevalence of several bacterial species. Conclusion Topical HPMC/GSNO accelerates mucosal recovery, reduces inflammatory parameters, speeds up re-epithelization and decreases levels of periodontopathic species in mucosal ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Adriana Skeff
- Laboratory of Cell Morphogenesis, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gerly A. C. Brito
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Cintia M. Braga
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Matheus M. Cavalcante
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Victor Baldim
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosenilde C. Holanda-Afonso
- Laboratory of Cell Morphogenesis, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carina M. Silva-Boghossian
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Colombo
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A. Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Laboratory of Cell Morphogenesis, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata F. C. Leitão
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Veríssimo DM, Leitão RFC, Figueiró SD, Góes JC, Lima V, Silveira CO, Brito GAC. Guided bone regeneration produced by new mineralized and reticulated collagen membranes in critical-sized rat calvarial defects. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:175-84. [PMID: 25245073 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214549518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone regenerative effect of glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking on mineralized polyanionic collagen membranes in critical-sized defects on rat calvarias. Bone calvarial defects were induced in Wistar rats, which were then divided into five groups: a sham group; a control group, which received a commercial membrane; and GA, 25GA, and 75GA groups, which received one of three different polyanionic collagen membranes mineralized by 0, 25, or 75 hydroxyapatite cycles and then cross-linked by GA. Bone formation was evaluated based on digital radiography and computerized tomography. Histological analyses were performed 4 and 12 weeks after the surgical procedure to observe bone formation, membrane resorption, and fibrous tissue surrounding the membranes. Measurement of myeloperoxidase activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 1beta production was performed 24 h after surgery. The percentage of new bone formation in the GA, 25GA, and 75GA groups was higher compared with the control and sham groups. In the GA and 25 GA groups, the membranes were still in place and were contained in a thick fibrous capsule after 12 weeks. No significant difference was found among the groups regarding myeloperoxidase activity and interleukin 1beta levels, although the GA, 25GA, and 75GA groups presented decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha compared with the control group. These new GA cross-linked membranes accelerated bone healing of the calvarium defects and did not induce inflammation. In addition, unlike the control membrane, the experimental membranes were not absorbed during the analyzed period, so they may offer advantages in large bone defects where prolonged membrane barrier functions are desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denusa M Veríssimo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60.430-270, Brazil
| | - Renata F C Leitão
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60.430-270, Brazil
| | - Sônia D Figueiró
- Physics Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60.430-270, Brazil
| | - Júlio C Góes
- Physics Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60.430-270, Brazil
| | - Vilma Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60.430-270, Brazil
| | - Charles O Silveira
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60.430-270, Brazil
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60.430-270, Brazil
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Wanderley CWS, Silva CMS, Wong DVT, Ximenes RM, Morelo DFC, Cosker F, Aragão KS, Fernandes C, Palheta-Júnior RC, Havt A, Brito GAC, Cunha FQ, Ribeiro RA, Lima-Júnior RCP. Bothrops jararacussu snake venom-induces a local inflammatory response in a prostanoid- and neutrophil-dependent manner. Toxicon 2014; 90:134-47. [PMID: 25127849 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Local tissue reactions provoked by Bothrops venoms are characterized by edema, hemorrhage, pain, and inflammation; however, the mechanisms of tissue damage vary depending upon the species of snake. Here, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the local inflammatory response induced by the Bothrops jararacussu venom (BjcuV). Female Swiss mice were injected with either saline, BjcuV (0.125-8 μg/paw) or loratadine (an H1 receptor antagonist), compound 48/80 (for mast cell depletion), capsaicin (for C-fiber desensitization), infliximab (an anti-TNF-α antibody), indomethacin (a non-specific COX inhibitor), celecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) or fucoidan (a P- and L-selectins modulator) given before BjcuV injection. Paw edema was measured by plethysmography. In addition, paw tissues were collected for the measurement of myeloperoxidase activity, TNF-α and IL-1 levels, and COX-2 immunoexpression. The direct chemotactic effect of BjcuV and the in vitro calcium dynamic in neutrophils were also investigated. BjcuV caused an edematogenic response with increased local production of TNF-α and IL-1β as well as COX-2 expression. Both edema and neutrophil migration were prevented by pretreatment with indomethacin, celecoxib or fucoidan. Furthermore, BjcuV induced a direct in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis by increasing intracellular calcium. Therefore, BjcuV induces an early onset edema dependent upon prostanoid production and neutrophil migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W S Wanderley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - C M S Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - D V T Wong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - R M Ximenes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - D F C Morelo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Cosker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - K S Aragão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - C Fernandes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - R C Palheta-Júnior
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Brazil
| | - A Havt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - G A C Brito
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - F Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R A Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - R C P Lima-Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
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Azevedo MI, Pereira AF, Nogueira RB, Rolim FE, Brito GAC, Wong DVT, Lima-Júnior RCP, de Albuquerque Ribeiro R, Vale ML. The antioxidant effects of the flavonoids rutin and quercetin inhibit oxaliplatin-induced chronic painful peripheral neuropathy. Mol Pain 2013; 9:53. [PMID: 24152430 PMCID: PMC3835704 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin, the third-generation platinum compound, has evolved as one of the most important therapeutic agents in colorectal cancer chemotherapy. The main limiting factor in oxaliplatin treatment is painful neuropathy that is difficult to treat. This side effect has been studied for several years, but its full mechanism is still inconclusive, and effective treatment does not exist. Data suggest that oxaliplatin's initial neurotoxic effect is peripheral and oxidative stress-dependent. A spinal target is also suggested in its mechanism of action. The flavonoids rutin and quercetin have been described as cell-protecting agents because of their antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory actions. We proposed a preventive effect of these agents on oxaliplatin-induced painful peripheral neuropathy based on their antioxidant properties. METHODS Oxaliplatin (1 mg/kg, i.v.) was injected in male Swiss mice, twice a week (total of nine injections). The development of sensory alterations, such as thermal and mechanical allodynia, was evaluated using the tail immersion test in cold water (10°C) and the von Frey test. Rutin and quercetin (25-100 mg/kg, i.p.) were injected 30 min before each oxaliplatin injection. The animals' spinal cords were removed for histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation and malondialdehyde assay. RESULTS Oxaliplatin significantly increased thermal and mechanical nociceptive response, effects prevented by quercetin and rutin at all doses. Fos immunostaining in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord confirmed these results. The oxidative stress assays mainly showed that oxaliplatin induced peroxidation in the spinal cord and that rutin and quercetin decreased this effect. The flavonoids also decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine immunostaining in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. These results suggest that nitric oxide and peroxynitrite are also involved in the neurotoxic effect of oxaliplatin and that rutin and quercetin can inhibit their effect in the spinal cord. We also observed the preservation of dorsal horn structure using histopathological analyses. CONCLUSIONS Oxaliplatin induced painful peripheral neuropathy in mice, an effect that was prevented by rutin and quercetin. The mechanism of action of oxaliplatin appears to be, at least, partially oxidative stress-induced damage in dorsal horn neurons, with the involvement of lipid peroxidation and protein nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Lima Vale
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduation, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Araújo AA, Souza TO, Moura LM, Brito GAC, Aragão KS, Araújo LS, Medeiros CAX, Alves MSCF, Araújo RF. Effect of telmisartan on levels of IL-1, TNF-α, down-regulated COX-2, MMP-2, MMP-9 and RANKL/RANK in an experimental periodontitis model. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:1104-11. [PMID: 24118063 PMCID: PMC4274974 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of telmisartan (TELM) on inflammation, oxidation and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the expression RANKL/RANK/OPG in the periodontal tissue of a rat model for ligature-induced periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of 10 rats each: (i) non-ligated, given water; (ii) ligated, given water; (iii) ligated, given 1 mg/kg TELM; (iv) ligated, given 5 mg/kg TELM; and (v) ligated, given 10 mg/kg TELM. All groups were treated with saline or TELM for 10 days. Periodontal tissue was analysed by histopathology; by the immunohistochemical examination of COX-2, MMP-2, MMP-9 and the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway; and by ELISA analysis of the levels of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). RESULTS Treatment with 10 mg/kg TELM resulted in reduced concentrations of MPO, MDA (p < 0.05) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β (p < 0.05); reduced expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, RANK, RANKL and COX-2; and an increase in OPG. The levels of TNF-α were significantly reduced in all TELM-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the involvement of TELM in reducing the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurigena A Araújo
- Post graduation Program Public Health/Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
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de Oliveira RR, Martins CS, Rocha YR, Braga ABR, Mattos RM, Hecht F, Brito GAC, Nasciutti LE. Experimental diabetes induces structural, inflammatory and vascular changes of Achilles tendons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74942. [PMID: 24130676 PMCID: PMC3794027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate how the state of chronic hyperglycemia from experimental Diabetes Mellitus can influence the homeostatic imbalance of tendons and, consequently, lead to the characteristics of tendinopathy. Twenty animals were randomly divided into two experimental groups: control group, consisting of healthy rats and diabetic group constituted by rats induced to Diabetes Mellitus I. After twenty-four days of the induction of Diabetes type I, the Achilles tendon were removed for morphological evaluation, cellularity, number and cross-sectional area of blood vessel, immunohistochemistry for Collagen type I, VEGF and NF-κB nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and nitrate and nitrite level. The Achilles tendon thickness (µm/100g) of diabetic animals was significantly increased and, similarly, an increase was observed in the density of fibrocytes and mast cells in the tendons of the diabetic group. The average number of blood vessels per field, in peritendinous tissue, was statistically higher in the diabetic group 3.39 (2.98) vessels/field when compared to the control group 0.89 (1.68) vessels/field p = 0.001 and in the intratendinous region, it was observed that blood vessels were extremely rare in the control group 0.035 (0.18) vessels/field and were often present in the tendons of the diabetic group 0.89 (0.99) vessels/field. The immunohistochemistry analysis identified higher density of type 1 collagen and increased expression of VEGF as well as increased immunostaining for NFκB p50 NLS in the nucleus in Achilles tendon of the diabetic group when compared to the control group. Higher levels of nitrite/nitrate were observed in the experimental group induced to diabetes. We conclude that experimental DM induces notable structural, inflammatory and vascular changes in the Achilles tendon which are compatible with the process of chronic tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo R de Oliveira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Braga-Neto MB, Oliveira BMC, Rodrigues RS, Noronha FJ, Leitao RF, Brito GAC, Lima AA, Guerrant RL, Warren CA. Protective effects of alanyl-glutamine supplementation against nelfinavir-induced epithelial impairment in IEC-6 cells and in mouse intestinal mucosa. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:1482-90. [PMID: 22986234 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.22251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (PI) remain a crucial component of highly active therapy (HAART) and recently have been demonstrated to have potent antitumor effect on a wide variety of tumor cell lines. However, discontinuation of therapy is an important issue, which may be related to various side-effects, especially diarrhea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nelfinavir (NFV), an HIV PI, and of alanyl-glutamine (AQ) supplementation, on intestinal cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis and necrosis, using IEC-6 cells and on intestinal crypt depth, villus length, villus area, mitotic index and apoptosis in Swiss mice. METHODS Migration was evaluated at 12 and 24 h after injury using a wound healing assay. Cellular proliferation was measured indirectly at 24 and 48 h using tetrazolium salt WST-1. Apoptosis and necrosis were measured by flow cytometry using the Annexin V assay. Intestinal morphometry and mitotic index in vivo were assessed following a seven-day treatment with 100 mg/kg of NFV, given orally. In vivo proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by intestinal crypt mitotic index and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS In vitro, AQ supplementation enhanced IEC-6 cell migration and proliferation, following challenge with NFV. In vivo, AQ increased intestinal villus length, villus area, crypt depth and cell proliferation and cell migration, following treatment with NFV. AQ did not decrease cell death induced by NFV both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS AQ supplementation is potentially beneficial in preventing the effects of PIs, such as NFV, in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel B Braga-Neto
- Clinical Research Unit & Institute of Biomedicine/Center for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
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Pereira LMS, Lima-Júnior RCP, Bem AXC, Teixeira CG, Grassi LS, Medeiros RP, Marques-Neto RD, Callado RB, Aragão KS, Wong DVT, Vale ML, Brito GAC, Ribeiro RA. Blockade of TRPA1 with HC-030031 attenuates visceral nociception by a mechanism independent of inflammatory resident cells, nitric oxide and the opioid system. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:223-33. [PMID: 22689151 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have shown a somatic nociceptive response due to the activation of transient receptor potential A1 channels (TRPA1), which is modulated by the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031. However, a few studies report the role of TRPA1 in visceral pain. Therefore, we investigated the participation of TRPA1 in visceral nociception and the involvement of nitric oxide, the opioid system and resident cells in the modulation of these channels. METHODS Mice were treated with vehicle or HC-030031 (18.75-300 mg/kg) before ifosfamide (400 mg/kg), 0.75% mustard oil (50 μL/colon), acetic acid 0.6% (10 mL/kg), zymosan (1 mg/cavity) or misoprostol (1 μg/cavity) injection. Visceral nociception was assessed through the electronic von Frey test or the writhing response. Ifosfamide-administered mice were euthanized for bladder analysis. The involvement of nitric oxide and the opioid system were investigated in mice injected with ifosfamide and mustard oil, respectively. The participation of resident peritoneal cells in acetic acid-, zymosan- or misoprostol-induced nociception was also evaluated. RESULTS HC-030031 failed to protect animals against ifosfamide-induced bladder injury (p > 0.05). However, a marked antinociceptive effect against ifosfamide, mustard oil, acetic acid, zymosan and misoprostol was observed (p < 0.05). Neither L-arginine (600 mg/kg) nor naloxone (2 mg/kg) could reverse the antinociceptive effect of HC-030031. The reduction of the peritoneal cell population inhibited the acetic acid and zymosan-related writhes without interfering with the misoprostol effect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the blockade of TRPA1 attenuates visceral nociception by a mechanism independent of the modulation of resident cells, nitric oxide and opioid pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M S Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Grangeiro NMG, Aguiar JA, Chaves HV, Silva AAR, Lima V, Benevides NMB, Brito GAC, da Graça JRV, Bezerra MM. Heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide-biliverdin pathway may be involved in the antinociceptive activity of etoricoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 63:112-9. [PMID: 21441618 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the interaction between the heme oxygenase-1/ biliverdin/carbon monoxide (HO-1/BVD/CO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways in the writhing test. Mice were pretreated with 0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg, ip etoricoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, or with one of the following HO-1/BVD/CO pathway modulators: 1, 3 or 9 mg/kg, sc ZnPP IX, a specific HO-1 inhibitor, 0.3, 1 or 3 mg/kg, sc hemin, a substrate of the HO-1/BVD/CO pathway; or 0.00025, 0.025 or 2.5 μmol/kg, sc DMDC, a CO donor. Mice pretreated with etoricoxib or one of the HO-1/BVD/CO pathway modulators received an injection of acetic acid (ip) after 30 and 60 min, respectively. Next, the number of writhes was quantified between 0 and 30 min after stimulus injection. In another series of experiments, ineffective doses of etoricoxib were co-administered with hemin or DMDC and an effective dose of etoricoxib with ZnPP IX, followed by an acetic acid injection. Four hours after the acetic acid injection, levels of bilirubin, which is a product of BVD conversion by the BVD reductase enzyme, in the peritoneal lavage were determined. Hemin or DMDC reduced (p<0.05) the number of writhes, but ZnPP IX potentiated (p<0.05) the effect of acetic acid by increasing (p < 0.05) the number of writhes. The co-administration of etoricoxib with hemin or DMDC reduced (p<0.05) the number of writhes. However, the analgesic effect of etoricoxib was not observed in the presence of ZnPP IX. Pretreatment with ZnPP IX reduced bilirubin levels, but etoricoxib pretreatment significantly increased the bilirubin concentration in peritoneal exudates. The data obtained from these experiments showed that the HO-1/BVD/CO pathway was activated in the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing model. The analgesic effect of etoricoxib was at least partially dependent on the participation of the HO-1/BVD/CO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niedja M G Grangeiro
- Faculty of Medicine of Sobral, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Silva DC, Freitas ALP, Pessoa CDS, Paula RCM, Mesquita JX, Leal LKAM, Brito GAC, Gonçalves DO, Viana GSB. Pectin from Passiflora edulis shows anti-inflammatory action as well as hypoglycemic and hypotriglyceridemic properties in diabetic rats. J Med Food 2011; 14:1118-26. [PMID: 21554121 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flour made from Passiflora edulis fruit peel has been used in Brazil to treat diabetes. This study evaluated the effects of pectin from P. edulis on rats with alloxan-induced diabetes, on myeloperoxidase release from human neutrophils, and on carrageenan-induced paw edema. In the experiments on carrageenan-induced paw edema, paws were dissected for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry determinations of tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: diabetic controls and diabetic treated with pectin daily for 5 days (0.5-25 mg/kg orally). Glibenclamide and metformin were used as reference drugs. Forty-eight hours after alloxan administration, blood measures were determined (before treatment) and again 5 days later (after treatment). Pectin decreased blood glucose and triglyceride levels in diabetic rats. Pectin also decreased edema volume and release of myeloperoxidase (0.1-100 μg/mL). It also significantly decreased neutrophil infiltration and partially decreased immunostaining for tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, these data indicated that pectin, a bioactive compound present in P. edulis, has potential as a useful alternative treatment for type 2 diabetes. Its anti-inflammatory properties are probably involved in its antidiabetic action.
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Gonçalves DO, Calou IBF, Siqueira RP, Lopes AA, Leal LKA, Brito GAC, Tomé AR, Viana GSB. In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of lovastatin in rodents. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:173-81. [PMID: 21243316 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are among the most prescribed drugs in recent clinical practice. They are also known for their pleiotropic actions, which are independent of their lipid-lowering properties. The effect of lovastatin was investigated against carrageenan-induced paw edema in male Wistar rats (200-250 g) and on leukocyte migration, as measured by carrageenan-induced peritonitis in male Swiss mice (20-25 g), which are models of acute inflammation. Lovastatin (administered 1 h prior to carrageenan), at oral doses of 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg, markedly attenuated paw edema formation in rats at the 4th hour after carrageenan injection (25, 43, and 37% inhibition, respectively). Inhibitions of 20, 45 and 80% were observed in the leukocyte migration, as evaluated by carrageenan-induced peritonitis in mice with lovastatin doses of 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg, as compared to controls. Furthermore, lovastatin (administered 1 h before initiation) reduced the nociceptive effect of the formalin test in mice, at both phases, at doses of 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg: first phase (51, 65, and 70%, respectively) and second phase (73, 57, and 66% inhibition of licking time, respectively). The anti-nociceptive activity of lovastatin was inhibited by naloxone (3 mg/kg, sc). Lovastatin (0.01, 0.1, and 1 µg/mL) inhibited by 23, 79, and 86%, respectively, the release of myeloperoxidase from human neutrophils. Leukocyte (predominantly neutrophils) infiltration was almost completely reduced by lovastatin treatment, as observed in the model of acute paw edema with hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, lovastatin decreased the number of cells expressing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity. Therefore, the alterations in leukocyte activity and cytokine release could contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of lovastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Gonçalves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Veríssimo DM, Leitão RFC, Ribeiro RA, Figueiró SD, Sombra ASB, Góes JC, Brito GAC. Polyanionic collagen membranes for guided tissue regeneration: Effect of progressive glutaraldehyde cross-linking on biocompatibility and degradation. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:4011-8. [PMID: 20433958 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is to control periodontal tissue inflammation and to produce predictable regeneration of that part of the periodontium which has been lost as a result of periodontal disease. In guided tissue regeneration membranes function as mechanical barriers, excluding the epithelium and gingival corium from the root surface and allowing regeneration by periodontal ligament cells. This report aims to study the effect of glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking on mineralized polyanionic collagen (PAC) membranes by conducting a histological evaluation of the tissue response (biocompatibility) and by assessing the biodegradation of subcutaneous membrane implants in rats. We studied six different samples: a PAC, a PAC mineralized by alternate soaking processes for either 25 or 75 cycles (PAC 25 and PAC 75, respectively) and these films cross-linked by GA. Inflammatory infiltrate, cytokine dosage, fibrosis capsule thickness, metalloproteinase immunohistochemistry and membrane biodegradation after 1, 7, 15 and 30 days were measured. The inflammatory response was found to be more intense in membranes without cross-linking, while the fibrosis capsules became thicker in cross-linked membranes after 30 days. The membranes without cross-linking suffered intense biodegradation, while the membranes with cross-linking remained intact after 30 days. The cross-linking with GA reduced the inflammatory response and prevented degradation of the membranes over the entire course of the observation period. These membranes are thus an attractive option when the production of new bone depends on the prolonged presence of a mechanical barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Veríssimo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Braga Neto MB, Aguiar CV, Maciel JG, Oliveira BMC, Sevilleja JE, Oriá RB, Brito GAC, Warren CA, Guerrant RL, Lima AAM. Evaluation of HIV protease and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors on proliferation, necrosis, apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells and electrolyte and water transport and epithelial barrier function in mice. BMC Gastroenterol 2010; 10:90. [PMID: 20701796 PMCID: PMC2931456 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-10-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protease inhibitors (PI's) and reverse transcriptase drugs are important components of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for treating human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Long-term clinical therapeutic efficacy and treatment compliance of these agents have been limited by undesirable side-effects, such as diarrhea. This study aims to investigate the effects of selected antiretroviral agents on intestinal histopathology and function in vivo and on cell proliferation and death in vitro. Methods Selected antiretroviral drugs were given orally over 7 days, to Swiss mice, as follows: 100 mg/kg of nelfinavir (NFV), indinavir (IDV), didanosine (DDI) or 50 mg/kg of zidovudine (AZT). Intestinal permeability measured by lactulose and mannitol assays; net water and electrolyte transport, in perfused intestinal segments; and small intestinal morphology and cell apoptosis were assessed in treated and control mice. In vitro cell proliferation was evaluated using the WST-1 reagent and apoptosis and necrosis by flow cytometry analysis. Results NFV, IDV, AZT and DDI caused significant reductions in duodenal and in jejunal villus length (p < 0.05). IDV and AZT increased crypt depth in the duodenum and AZT increased crypt depth in the jejunum. NFV, AZT and DDI significantly decreased ileal crypt depth. All selected antiretroviral drugs significantly increased net water secretion and electrolyte secretion, except for DDI, which did not alter water or chloride secretion. Additionally, only NFV significantly increased mannitol and lactulose absorption. NFV and IDV caused a significant reduction in cell proliferation in vitro at both 24 h and 48 h. DDI and AZT did not alter cell proliferation. There was a significant increase in apoptosis rates in IEC-6 cells after 24 h with 70 ug/mL of NFV (control: 4.7% vs NFV: 22%) while IDV, AZT and DDI did not show any significant changes in apoptosis compared to the control group. In jejunal sections, IDV and NFV significantly increased the number of TUNEL positive cells. Conclusion The PI's, NFV and IDV, increased cell apoptosis in vivo, water and electrolyte secretion and intestinal permeability and decreased villus length and cell proliferation. NFV was the only drug tested that increased cell apoptosis in vitro. The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, AZT and DDI, did not affect cell apoptosis or proliferation. These findings may partly explain the intestinal side-effects associated with PI's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel B Braga Neto
- Institute of Biomedicine and Clinical Research Unit-University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Pinto NB, Morais TC, Carvalho KMB, Silva CR, Andrade GM, Brito GAC, Veras ML, Pessoa ODL, Rao VS, Santos FA. Topical anti-inflammatory potential of Physalin E from Physalis angulata on experimental dermatitis in mice. Phytomedicine 2010; 17:740-743. [PMID: 20149612 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effect of physalin E, a seco-steroid isolated from Physalis angulata L. was evaluated on acute and chronic models of dermatitis induced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and oxazolone, respectively, in mouse ear. The changes in ear edema/thickness, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and histological and immunohistochemical findings were analysed, as indicators of dermal inflammation. Similar to dexamethasone, topically applied Physalin E (0.125; 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ear) potently inhibited the TPA and oxazolone-induced dermatitis, leading to substantial reductions in ear edema/thickness, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and MPO activity. These effects were reversed by mifepristone, a steroid antagonist and confirmed by immunohistochemical and histopathological analysis. The data suggest that physalin E may be a potent and topically effective anti-inflammatory agent useful to treat the acute and chronic skin inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Pinto
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Ceará, Cel Nunes de Melo 1127, Porangabussu, P.O.B - 3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Medeiros CACX, Leitão RFC, Macedo RN, Barboza DRMM, Gomes AS, Nogueira NAP, Alencar NMN, Ribeiro RA, Brito GAC. Effect of atorvastatin on 5-fluorouracil-induced experimental oral mucositis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 67:1085-100. [PMID: 20661736 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral mucositis (OM) is a frequent side effect in patients with cancer. We investigate the effect of atorvastatin (ATV), a cholesterol-lowering drug, on OM induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in hamsters. METHODS OM was induced by the i.p. administration of 5-FU, with excoriations of the cheek pouch mucosa. The animals were pretreated with i.p. ATV 1, 5 or 10 mg/kg or vehicle (saline and 5% (vol/vol) ethanol) 30 min before 5-FU injection and daily for 5 or 10 days. Samples of cheek pouches and main organs were removed for histopathological analysis, determination of TNF-α, IL-1β, nitrite, non-protein sulfhydryl group (NP-SH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay and immunohistochemistry for induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Blood was collected for a leukogram analysis of biochemical parameters and analysis of bacteremia. RESULTS ATV at doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg reduced mucosal damage and inflammation, as well as the levels of cytokines, nitrite and myeloperoxidase activity on the 5th and 10th day of OM and immunostaining for iNOS on the 5th day of OM.ATV at 1 mg/kg increased cheek pouch NP-SH when compared to 5-FU groups on the 10th day of OM. The association between ATV 5 mg/kg and 5-FU decreased the survival rate, amplified the leukopenia of animals, increased transaminase serum levels and caused liver lesions. We also detected the presence of Gram-negative bacillus in the blood of 100% of the animals treated with ATV 5 mg/kg + 5-FU. CONCLUSIONS Atorvastatin prevented mucosal damage and inflammation associated with 5-FU-induced OM, but the association of a higher dose of ATV with 5-FU induced hepatotoxicity and amplified leukopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A C X Medeiros
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil
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Macedo FYB, Mourão LTC, Palheta RC, Jucá DM, Lima RCP, Neto JDSC, Magalhães PJC, Santos AA, Souza MHLP, Brito GAC, Ribeiro RA. Cyclooxygenase-2 contributes to functional changes seen on experimental hemorrhagic cystitis induced by ifosfamide in rat urinary bladder. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 67:935-43. [PMID: 20602232 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ifosfamide (IFS) is often involved in the occurrence of hemorrhagic cystitis due to direct contact of its metabolite acrolein with uroepithelium. It has been shown that COX-2 is involved in this pathogenesis. Thus, we aimed to study the functional changes on the urinary bladder in the putative modifications induced by IFS, as well as the COX-2 role in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS IFS-treated rats were evaluated by cystometrography in absence or presence of COX inhibitors indomethacin or etoricoxib or in the presence of mesna. Experiments with isolated strips of urinary bladder obtained from animals with IFS-induced cystitis, either treated or not treated with COX inhibitors or mesna, were performed. Histological analyses, immunohistochemistry for COX-2, and measurement of plasma PGE(2) were also performed. RESULTS IFS treatment caused severe inflammation of the bladder tissue. Cystometrography recordings of IFS-treated rats revealed bladder with increased micturition frequency and enhanced filling intravesical pressure. Contractility of the isolated smooth muscle from the rat's bladder with IFS-induced cystitis showed decreased force development in response to KCl and CCh. Almost all effects induced by IFS were ameliorated by the use of COX inhibitors or mesna. Enzyme expression in the urinary bladder tissue was positive, and plasma concentration of PGE(2) was increased in IFS-treated animals and decreased significantly in etoricoxib-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS IFS causes important changes in the micturition physiology in rats, and the inhibition of the isoenzyme COX-2 could be an important event that could prevent the detrimental effects elicited by IFS-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Y B Macedo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127, Rodolfo Teofilo, 60430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Carvalho RS, de Souza CM, Neves JCS, Holanda-Pinto SA, Pinto LMS, Brito GAC, de Andrade GM. Effect of venlafaxine on bone loss associated with ligature-induced periodontitis in Wistar rats. J Negat Results Biomed 2010; 9:3. [PMID: 20546603 PMCID: PMC2895576 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5751-9-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study investigated the effects of venlafaxine, an antidepressant drug with immunoregulatory properties on the inflammatory response and bone loss associated with experimental periodontal disease (EPD). Materials and Methods Wistar rats were subjected to a ligature placement around the second upper left molar. The treated groups received orally venlafaxine (10 or 50 mg/kg) one hour before the experimental periodontal disease induction and daily for 10 days. Vehicle-treated experimental periodontal disease and a sham-operated (SO) controls were included. Bone loss was analyzed morphometrically and histopathological analysis was based on cell influx, alveolar bone, and cementum integrity. Lipid peroxidation quantification and immunohistochemistry to TNF-α and iNOS were performed. Results Experimental periodontal disease rats showed an intense bone loss compared to SO ones (SO = 1.61 ± 1.36; EPD = 4.47 ± 1.98 mm, p < 0.001) and evidenced increased cellular infiltration and immunoreactivity for TNF-α and iNOS. Venlafaxine treatment while at low dose (10 mg/kg) afforded no significant protection against bone loss (3.25 ± 1.26 mm), a high dose (50 mg/kg) caused significantly enhanced bone loss (6.81 ± 3.31 mm, p < 0.05). Venlafaxine effectively decreased the lipid peroxidation but showed no significant change in TNF-α or iNOS immunoreactivity. Conclusion The increased bone loss associated with high dose venlafaxine may possibly be a result of synaptic inhibition of serotonin uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosimary S Carvalho
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1127, CEP 60430-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Alencar VBM, Assreuy AMS, Alencar NMN, Meireles AVP, Mota MRL, Aragão KS, Cajazeiras JB, Nagano CS, Brito GAC, Silva LIMM, Pinto VPT, Sampaio AH, Debray H, Cavada BS, Ribeiro RA. Lectin of Pisum arvense seeds induces in-vivo and in-vitro neutrophil migration. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:375-81. [PMID: 15807994 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
PAL is a glucose/mannose-specific lectin isolated from Pisum arvense seeds. Previously, we demonstrated the capacity of other leguminous lectins to induce oedema formation and neutrophil stimulation. To investigate the potential pro-inflammatory activity of PAL, we have studied its ability to induce neutrophil migration into peritoneal cavities of rats and neutrophil chemotaxis in-vitro. The role of resident cells and sugar residues on PAL activity was analysed. PAL or saline (control) were administered intraperitoneally to rats, and total and differential leucocyte (macrophages, neutrophils and mast cells) counts were performed. The role of resident cells on the PAL effect was evaluated using three strategies: reducing the total resident cell population by lavage of rat cavities with saline; increasing macrophage population by treating animals with thioglycolate; and depleting mast cell population by subchronic treatment of rats with compound 48/80. PAL induced in-vitro and in-vivo neutrophil migration. In-vivo, PAL (50, 100, 200 and 300 μg) significantly (P < 0.05) and dose-dependently increased neutrophil migration by 600, 740, 900 and 940%, respectively, showing maximal effect 4 h after injection. PAL induced mononuclear cell migration. The neutrophil stimulatory effect of PAL was potentiated in animals treated with both thioglycolate and compound 48/80. The indirect lectin chemotactic effect was shown in rats injected with supernatant from cultured macrophages stimulated by PAL. In conclusion, PAL was shown to exhibit in-vivo and in-vitro proinflammatory activity. The in-vivo effect seemed to occur by a dual mechanism that was independent, but also dependent, on resident cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B M Alencar
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil, Cel Nunes de Melo, 1127, 60430-270, Fortaleza-Ceará-Brasil
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Braga-Neto MB, Warren CA, Oriá RB, Monteiro MS, Maciel AAS, Brito GAC, Lima AAM, Guerrant RL. Alanyl-glutamine and glutamine supplementation improves 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal epithelium damage in vitro. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53:2687-96. [PMID: 18320312 PMCID: PMC4003886 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have examined the role of glutamine derivatives in reducing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced epithelial damage in an undifferentiated crypt intestinal cell line, IEC-6. In this model, we have investigated proliferation indirectly by detecting the enzyme-derived formazan dye from the tetrazolium salt WST-1 in viable cells at 24 and 48 h after 5-FU treatment. Migration was measured at 12 and 24 h after razor scraping of the cell monolayer. Cell death was measured by quantifying the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic figures by flow cytometry at 12 and 24 h following 5-FU challenge. Neither glutamine nor alanyl-glutamine prevented 5-FU-induced apoptosis and necrosis in IEC-6 cells at 12 and 24 h after 5-FU challenge. However, glutamine and alanyl-glutamine enhanced migration and proliferation when compared with 5-FU-treated controls (P < 0.05). These new findings support our earlier study on the benefit of oral glutamine in enhancing epithelial recovery after 5-FU challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel B. Braga-Neto
- Institute of Biomedicine and Clinical Research Unit-University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cirle A. Warren
- Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, MR4, Lane Road, Room 3148, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Reinaldo B. Oriá
- Institute of Biomedicine and Clinical Research Unit-University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. Department of Morphology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Manuel S. Monteiro
- Institute of Biomedicine and Clinical Research Unit-University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Andressa A. S. Maciel
- Institute of Biomedicine and Clinical Research Unit-University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gerly A. C. Brito
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Aldo A. M. Lima
- Institute of Biomedicine and Clinical Research Unit-University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Richard L. Guerrant
- Institute of Biomedicine and Clinical Research Unit-University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, MR4, Lane Road, Room 3148, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Barreto ARF, Cavalcante IC, Castro MV, Junqueira AFTA, Vale MR, Ribeiro RA, Souza MHLP, Brito GAC. Fucoidin prevents Clostridium difficile toxin-A-induced ileal enteritis in mice. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53:990-6. [PMID: 17805968 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-9957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports suggest increased incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile-associated diseases. These facts have raised the need for additional clarification of pathogenesis and for a search for new therapeutic strategies. This study evaluated the effects of the polysaccharide fucoidin, an L-selectin blocker, on toxin-A-induced mouse enteritis. Fucoidin (25 mg/kg) or saline (0.1 ml) were injected systemically (ocular plexus) 5 min prior to local challenge with toxin A (5 microg/ileal loop) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Intestinal fluid volume/length and ileal loop weight/length ratios were calculated 3 h later. Ileal tissues were collected for histopathology and measurement of myeloperoxidase and adenosine deaminase activity. Fucoidin significantly (P < 0.05) prevented the toxin-A-induced increase in weight/length and volume/length ratios and reduced mucosal disruption, as shown in histopathology. Fucoidin also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced toxin-A-induced myeloperoxidase and adenosine deaminase activities. In conclusion, fucoidin reduces tissue injury and inflammation in toxin-A-induced mouse enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R F Barreto
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Delmiro de Farias, sn, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60.416-030, Brazil
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Medeiros JVR, Gadelha GG, Lima SJ, Garcia JA, Soares PMG, Santos AA, Brito GAC, Ribeiro RA, Souza MHLP. Role of the NO/cGMP/K(ATP) pathway in the protective effects of sildenafil against ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 153:721-7. [PMID: 18071300 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sildenafil is a selective inhibitor of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase. Sildenafil, acting via NO-dependent mechanisms, prevents indomethacin-induced gastropathy. Activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)) is involved in gastric defence. Our objective was to evaluate the role of the NO/cGMP/K(ATP) pathway in the protective effects of sildenafil against ethanol-induced gastric damage. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were treated with L-NAME (1 or 3 mg kg(-1), i.p.) or with L-arginine (200 mg kg(-1), i.p.) + L-NAME (3 mg kg(-1), i.p.), the guanylate cyclase inhibitor, ODQ (10 mg kg(-1), i.p.), glibenclamide (0.1, 0.3, 1 or 3 mg kg(-1), i.p.) or with glibenclamide (1 mg kg(-1), i.p.) + diazoxide (3 mg kg(-1), i.p.). After thirty minutes, the rats received sildenafil (1 mg kg(-1), by gavage), followed by intragastric instillation of absolute ethanol (4 ml kg(-1)) to induce gastric damage. One hour later, gastric damage (haemorrhagic or ulcerative lesions) was measured with a planimetry programme. Samples of stomach were also taken for histopathological assessment and for assays of tissue glutathione and haemoglobin. KEY RESULTS Sildenafil significantly reduced ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats. L-NAME alone, without L-arginine, significantly reversed the protection afforded by sildenafil. Inhibition of guanylate cyclase by ODQ completely abolished the gastric protective effect of sildenafil against ethanol-induced gastric damage. Glibenclamide alone reversed sildenafil's gastric protective effect. However, glibenclamide plus diazoxide did not alter the effects of sildenafil. CONCLUSIONS Sildenafil had a protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric damage through the activation of the NO/cGMP/K(ATP) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V R Medeiros
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
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Melo MLP, Brito GAC, Soares RC, Carvalho SBLM, Silva JV, Soares PMG, Vale ML, Souza MHLP, Cunha FQ, Ribeiro RA. Role of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and KC) in the pathogenesis of CPT-11-induced intestinal mucositis in mice: effect of pentoxifylline and thalidomide. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 61:775-84. [PMID: 17624531 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irinotecan (CPT-11) is an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I and is clinically effective against several cancers. A major toxic effect of CPT-11 is delayed diarrhea; however, the exact mechanism by which the drug induces diarrhea has not been established. PURPOSE Elucidate the mechanisms of induction of delayed diarrhea and determine the effects of the cytokine production inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) and thalidomide (TLD) in the experimental model of intestinal mucositis, induced by CPT-11. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intestinal mucositis was induced in male Swiss mice by intraperitoneal administration of CPT-11 (75 mg/kg) daily for 4 days. Animals received subcutaneous PTX (1.7, 5 and 15 mg/kg) or TLD (15, 30, 60 mg/kg) or 0.5 ml of saline daily for 5 and 7 days, starting 1 day before the first CPT-11 injection. The incidence of delayed diarrhea was monitored by scores and the animals were sacrificed on the 5th and 7th experimental day for histological analysis, immunohistochemistry for TNF-alpha and assay of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and KC ELISA. RESULTS CPT-11 caused significant diarrhea, histopathological alterations (inflammatory cell infiltration, loss of crypt architecture and villus shortening) and increased intestinal tissue MPO activity, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and KC level and TNF-alpha immuno-staining. PTX inhibited delayed diarrhea of mice submitted to intestinal mucositis and reduced histopathological damage, intestinal MPO activity, tissue level of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and KC and TNF-alpha immuno-staining. TLD significantly reduced the lesions induced by CPT-11 in intestinal mucosa, decreased MPO activity, TNF-alpha tissue level and TNF-alpha immuno-staining, but did not reduce the severity of diarrhea. CONCLUSION These results suggest an important role of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and KC in the pathogenesis of intestinal mucositis induced by CPT-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa P Melo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1127, CEP 60.430-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Leitão RFC, Ribeiro RA, Lira AMS, Silva LR, Bellaguarda EAL, Macedo FDB, Sousa RB, Brito GAC. Glutamine and alanyl-glutamine accelerate the recovery from 5-fluorouracil-induced experimental oral mucositis in hamster. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 61:215-22. [PMID: 17426972 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mucositis induced by anti-neoplastic drugs is an important, dose-limiting and costly side effect of cancer therapy. AIM To evaluate the effect of oral glutamine and alanyl-glutamine, a more stable glutamine derivative, on 5-FU-induced oral mucositis in hamsters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral mucositis was induced by two intraperitoneal (i.p) administrations of 5-FU on the first and second days of the experiment (60 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) followed by mechanical trauma on the fourth day in male hamsters. Animals received saline, glutamine or alanyl-glutamine suspension (100 mM) 1 h before the injections of 5-FU and daily until sacrifice, on the 10th or 14th day. Macroscopic and histopathological analyses were evaluated and graded. Tissues from the cheek pouches were harvested for measurement of myeloperoxidase activity and glutathione stores. For investigation of serum concentration of glutamine, blood was obtained by heart puncture from anesthetized animals before sacrifice, on day 10. RESULTS Treatment with glutamine and alanyl-glutamine reduced macroscopic and histological parameters of oral mucositis, and reduced the myeloperoxidase activity on day 14, but not on day 10. The 5-FU-induced oral mucositis significantly decreased the serum glutamine levels as well as the cheek pouch glutathione stores observed on day 10. Glutamine or alanyl-glutamine administration reversed the 5-FU effects, restoring serum glutamine levels and cheek pouch glutathione stores, observed on day 10, but did not prevent oral mucositis on the tenth day. CONCLUSION Glutamine or alanyl-glutamine accelerated the mucosal recovery increasing mucosal tissue glutathione stores, reducing inflammatory parameters and speeding reepithelization.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F C Leitão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Brito GAC, Sachs D, Cunha FQ, Vale ML, Lotufo CMC, Ferreira SH, Ribeiro RA. Peripheral antinociceptive effect of pertussis toxin: activation of the arginine/NO/cGMP/PKG/ ATP-sensitive K channel pathway. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 24:1175-81. [PMID: 16930443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of pertussis toxin (PTX) on inflammatory hypernociception measured by the rat paw pressure test and to elucidate the mechanism involved in this effect. In this test, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) administered subcutaneously induces hypernociception via a mechanism associated with neuronal cAMP increase. Local intraplantar pre-treatment (30 min before), and post-treatment (5 min after) with PTX (600 ng/paw1, in 100 microL) reduced hypernociception induced by prostaglandin E(2) (100 ng/paw, in 100 microL, intraplantar). Furthermore, local intraplantar pre-treatment (30 min before) with PTX (600 ng/paw, in 100 microL) reduced hypernociception induced by DbcAMP, a stable analogue of cAMP (100 microg/paw, in 100 microL, intraplantar), which indicates that PTX may have an effect other than just G(i)/G(0) inhibition. PTX-induced analgesia was blocked by selective inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (L-NMMA), guanylyl cyclase (ODQ), protein kinase G (KT5823) and ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (Kir6) blockers (glybenclamide and tolbutamide). In addition, PTX was shown to induce nitric oxide (NO) production in cultured neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. In conclusion, this study shows a peripheral antinociceptive effect of pertussis toxin, resulting from the activation of the arginine/NO/cGMP/PKG/ATP-sensitive K(+) channel pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerly A C Brito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
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Botelho MA, Nogueira NAP, Bastos GM, Fonseca SGC, Lemos TLG, Matos FJA, Montenegro D, Heukelbach J, Rao VS, Brito GAC. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Lippia sidoides, carvacrol and thymol against oral pathogens. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007; 40:349-56. [PMID: 17334532 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2007000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries and periodontal disease are associated with oral pathogens. Several plant derivatives have been evaluated with respect to their antimicrobial effects against such pathogenic microorganisms. Lippia sidoides Cham (Verbenaceae), popularly known as "Alecrim-pimenta" is a typical shrub commonly found in the Northeast of Brazil. Many plant species belonging to the genus Lippia yield very fragrant essential oils of potential economic value which are used by the industry for the commercial production of perfumes, creams, lotions, and deodorants. Since the leaves of L. sidoides are also extensively used in popular medicine for the treatment of skin wounds and cuts, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the composition and antimicrobial activity of L. sidoides essential oil. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Twelve compounds were characterized, having as major constituents thymol (56.7%) and carvacrol (16.7%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil and the major components was tested against cariogenic bacterial species of the genus Streptococcus as well as Candida albicans using the broth dilution and disk diffusion assays. The essential oil and its major components thymol and carvacrol exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against the organisms tested with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 10.0 mg/mL. The most sensitive microorganisms were C. albicans and Streptococcus mutans. The essential oil of L. sidoides and its major components exert promising antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens and suggest its likely usefulness to combat oral microbial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Botelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-170 Fortaleza, Ceará (CE), Brazil.
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