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Agius T, Songeon J, Lyon A, Longchamp J, Ruttimann R, Allagnat F, Déglise S, Corpataux JM, Golshayan D, Buhler L, Meier R, Yeh H, Markmann JF, Uygun K, Toso C, Klauser A, Lazeyras F, Longchamp A. Sodium Hydrosulfide Treatment During Porcine Kidney Ex Vivo Perfusion and Transplantation. Transplant Direct 2023; 9:e1508. [PMID: 37915463 PMCID: PMC10617874 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In rodents, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury and improves renal graft function after transplantation. Here, we hypothesized that the benefits of H2S are conserved in pigs, a more clinically relevant model. Methods Adult porcine kidneys retrieved immediately or after 60 min of warm ischemia (WI) were exposed to 100 µM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) (1) during the hypothermic ex vivo perfusion only, (2) during WI only, and (3) during both WI and ex vivo perfusion. Kidney perfusion was evaluated with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. MRI spectroscopy was further employed to assess energy metabolites including ATP. Renal biopsies were collected at various time points for histopathological analysis. Results Perfusion for 4 h pig kidneys with Belzer MPS UW + NaHS resulted in similar renal perfusion and ATP levels than perfusion with UW alone. Similarly, no difference was observed when NaHS was administered in the renal artery before ischemia. After autotransplantation, no improvement in histologic lesions or cortical/medullary kidney perfusion was observed upon H2S administration. In addition, AMP and ATP levels were identical in both groups. Conclusions In conclusion, treatment of porcine kidney grafts using NaHS did not result in a significant reduction of ischemia-reperfusion injury or improvement of kidney metabolism. Future studies will need to define the benefits of H2S in human, possibly using other molecules as H2S donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Agius
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Julien Songeon
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Lyon
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Transplantation Centre, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justine Longchamp
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Ruttimann
- Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Déglise
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Corpataux
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Déla Golshayan
- Department of Medicine, Transplantation Centre, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Léo Buhler
- Section of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Meier
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Heidi Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James F. Markmann
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Korkut Uygun
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christian Toso
- Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Klauser
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francois Lazeyras
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alban Longchamp
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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2
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H2S in Critical Illness—A New Horizon for Sodium Thiosulfate? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040543. [PMID: 35454132 PMCID: PMC9029606 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of endogenous H2S and the identification of its cytoprotective properties, efforts have been made to develop strategies to use H2S as a therapeutic agent. The ability of H2S to regulate vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis might be particularly useful in the therapeutic management of critical illness. However, neither the inhalation of gaseous H2S, nor the administration of inorganic H2S-releasing salts or slow-releasing H2S-donors are feasible for clinical use. Na2S2O3 is a clinically approved compound with a good safety profile and is able to release H2S, in particular under hypoxic conditions. Pre-clinical studies show promise for Na2S2O3 in the acute management of critical illness. A current clinical trial is investigating the therapeutic potential for Na2S2O3 in myocardial infarct. Pre-eclampsia and COVID-19 pneumonia might be relevant targets for future clinical trials.
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Datzmann
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara Merz
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oscar McCook
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, OMI Department, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Lewandowski K, Kretschmer B, Schmidt KW. [175 years of anesthesia and narcosis-Towards a "human right to unconsciousness"]. Anaesthesist 2021; 70:811-831. [PMID: 34529093 PMCID: PMC8444521 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-021-01043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Ether Day, a key moment in the history of mankind, commemorates its 175th anniversary on 16 October 2021. On that day the dentist William T. G. Morton successfully gave the first public ether anesthesia in Boston. From then on it was possible to save people from pain with justifiable risk and at the same time to protect them from psychological damage by inducing unconsciousness. The German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk, one of the most renowned and effective philosophers of our times, deduced that from then on humans, to some extent, had a right to unconsciousness when in psychophysical distress. This postulate unfolded from his concept of "anthropotechnics" developed around 1997, meaning the idea of treating human nature as an object of possible improvements. According to Sloterdijk, in favorable cases a synthesis of man and technology can result in a significant improvement of human capabilities in the sense of "enhancement", i.e. an increase, an improvement or even an expansion of intellectual, physical or psychological possibilities, as it were in a transgression of the human (so-called transhumanism). Man should go into vertical tension, i.e. strive for higher aims and exploit his inherent potential, he should not dwell in the horizontal. This is not meant as an appeal but as an imperative: "You must change your life!". In this context modern anesthesia may prove helpful: be operated on by others in order to undergo an enhancement. Or, in its most extreme form, the operation in the "auto-operational curved space", a person can even operate on himself as has been dramatically demonstrated by Rogozov, a young Russian physician and trainee surgeon who successfully performed a self-appendectomy under local anesthesia at the Novolazarevskaya Antarctic Station in 1961; however, the implementation of this idea is a long way off. On the one hand, many countries lack qualified personnel in sufficiently large numbers to perform even vital operations with patients under anesthesia. On the other hand, over the decades it has become clear that anesthesia is obviously beneficial for mankind in that it offers relief from pain and psychological stress but that it can also often show its dark side: substance abuse, use of anesthetics in torture and in executions. In addition, the role of anesthetics in resuscitation, palliative care, and allaying executions is unclear or controversial. Finally, the necessary formal legal steps to acknowledge a "human right to unconsciousness" have not yet been implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lewandowski
- Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Charité (extern), Berlin, Deutschland.
| | | | - K W Schmidt
- Zentrum für Ethik in der Medizin, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt a. M., Deutschland
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5
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Merz T, McCook O, Denoix N, Radermacher P, Waller C, Kapapa T. Biological Connection of Psychological Stress and Polytrauma under Intensive Care: The Role of Oxytocin and Hydrogen Sulfide. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9192. [PMID: 34502097 PMCID: PMC8430789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper explored the potential mediating role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and the oxytocin (OT) systems in hemorrhagic shock (HS) and/or traumatic brain injury (TBI). Morbidity and mortality after trauma mainly depend on the presence of HS and/or TBI. Rapid "repayment of the O2 debt" and prevention of brain tissue hypoxia are cornerstones of the management of both HS and TBI. Restoring tissue perfusion, however, generates an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury due to the formation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species. Moreover, pre-existing-medical-conditions (PEMC's) can aggravate the occurrence and severity of complications after trauma. In addition to the "classic" chronic diseases (of cardiovascular or metabolic origin), there is growing awareness of psychological PEMC's, e.g., early life stress (ELS) increases the predisposition to develop post-traumatic-stress-disorder (PTSD) and trauma patients with TBI show a significantly higher incidence of PTSD than patients without TBI. In fact, ELS is known to contribute to the developmental origins of cardiovascular disease. The neurotransmitter H2S is not only essential for the neuroendocrine stress response, but is also a promising therapeutic target in the prevention of chronic diseases induced by ELS. The neuroendocrine hormone OT has fundamental importance for brain development and social behavior, and, thus, is implicated in resilience or vulnerability to traumatic events. OT and H2S have been shown to interact in physical and psychological trauma and could, thus, be therapeutic targets to mitigate the acute post-traumatic effects of chronic PEMC's. OT and H2S both share anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and vasoactive properties; through the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway, where their signaling mechanisms converge, they act via the regulation of nitric oxide (NO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Merz
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Medical Center, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (T.M.); (N.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Oscar McCook
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Medical Center, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (T.M.); (N.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Nicole Denoix
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Medical Center, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (T.M.); (N.D.); (P.R.)
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Medical Center, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (T.M.); (N.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Christiane Waller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Kapapa
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
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Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate Protects from Hypoxia by Lowering Mitochondrial Metabolism and Oxygen Demand. Shock 2021; 54:237-244. [PMID: 31460871 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion injury following severe trauma or cardiac arrest are major causes of organ damage in intensive care patients. The brain is particularly vulnerable because hypoxia rapidly damages neurons due to their heavy reliance on oxidative phosphorylation. Therapeutic hypothermia can reduce ischemia-induced brain damage, but cooling procedures are slow and technically difficult to perform in critical care settings. It has been previously reported that injection of naturally occurring adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) can rapidly induce hypothermia in mice. We studied the underlying mechanisms and found that AMP transiently reduces the heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and the consciousness of adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. Adding AMP to mouse or human neuronal cell cultures dose-dependently reduced the membrane potential (ΔΨm) and Ca signaling of mitochondria in these cells. AMP treatment increased intracellular AMP levels and activated AMP-activated protein kinase, which resulted in the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and of mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca signaling in resting and stimulated neurons. Pretreatment with an intraperitoneal injection of AMP almost doubled the survival time of mice under hypoxic (6% O2) or anoxic (<1% O2) conditions when compared to untreated mice. These findings suggest that AMP induces a hypometabolic state that slows mitochondrial respiration, reduces oxygen demand, and delays the processes that damage mitochondria in the brain and other organs following hypoxia and reperfusion. Further examination of these mechanisms may lead to new treatments that preserve organ function in critical care patients.
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Petrovic D, Kouroussis E, Vignane T, Filipovic MR. The Role of Protein Persulfidation in Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:674135. [PMID: 34248604 PMCID: PMC8261153 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.674135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), originally considered a toxic gas, is now a recognized gasotransmitter. Numerous studies have revealed the role of H2S as a redox signaling molecule that controls important physiological/pathophysiological functions. The underlying mechanism postulated to serve as an explanation of these effects is protein persulfidation (P-SSH, also known as S-sulfhydration), an oxidative posttranslational modification of cysteine thiols. Protein persulfidation has remained understudied due to its instability and chemical reactivity similar to other cysteine modifications, making it very difficult to selectively label. Recent developments of persulfide labeling techniques have started unraveling the role of this modification in (patho)physiology. PSSH levels are important for the cellular defense against oxidative injury, albeit they decrease with aging, leaving proteins vulnerable to oxidative damage. Aging is one of the main risk factors for many neurodegenerative diseases. Persulfidation has been shown to be dysregulated in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's disease, and Spinocerebellar ataxia 3. This article reviews the latest discoveries that link protein persulfidation, aging and neurodegeneration, and provides future directions for this research field that could result in development of targeted drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Petrovic
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Emilia Kouroussis
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thibaut Vignane
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Milos R Filipovic
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
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8
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Abstract
This review addresses the plausibility of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) therapy for acute lung injury (ALI) and circulatory shock, by contrasting the promising preclinical results to the present clinical reality. The review discusses how the narrow therapeutic window and width, and potentially toxic effects, the route, dosing, and timing of administration all have to be balanced out very carefully. The development of standardized methods to determine in vitro and in vivo H2S concentrations, and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of H2S-releasing compounds is a necessity to facilitate the safety of H2S-based therapies. We suggest the potential of exploiting already clinically approved compounds, which are known or unknown H2S donors, as a surrogate strategy.
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9
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Nordeen CA, Martin SL. Engineering Human Stasis for Long-Duration Spaceflight. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:101-111. [PMID: 30724130 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00046.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Suspended animation for deep-space travelers is moving out of the realm of science fiction. Two approaches are considered: the first elaborates the current medical practice of therapeutic hypothermia; the second invokes the cascade of metabolic processes naturally employed by hibernators. We explore the basis and evidence behind each approach and argue that mimicry of natural hibernation will be critical to overcome the innate limitations of human physiology for long-duration space travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Nordeen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Sandra L Martin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado
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10
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Hine C, Zhu Y, Hollenberg AN, Mitchell JR. Dietary and Endocrine Regulation of Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Production: Implications for Longevity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1483-1502. [PMID: 29634343 PMCID: PMC5930795 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at the right concentration is associated with numerous health benefits in experimental organisms, ranging from protection from ischemia/reperfusion injury to life span extension. Given the considerable translation potential, two major strategies have emerged: supplementation of exogenous H2S and modulation of endogenous H2S metabolism. Recent Advances: Recently, it was reported that hepatic H2S production capacity is increased in two of the best-characterized mammalian models of life span extension, dietary restriction, and hypopituitary dwarfism, leading to new insights into dietary and hormonal regulation of endogenous H2S production together with broader changes in sulfur amino acid (SAA) metabolism with implications for DNA methylation and redox status. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we discuss the role of dietary SAAs and growth hormone (GH)/thyroid hormone (TH) signaling in regulation of endogenous H2S production largely via repression of H2S generating enzymes cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) on the level of gene transcription, as well as reciprocal regulation of GH and TH signaling by H2S itself. We also discuss plasticity of CGL and CBS gene expression in response to environmental stimuli and the potential of the microbiome to impact overall H2S levels. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The relative contribution of increased H2S to health span or lifespan benefits in models of extended longevity remains to be determined, as does the mechanism by which such benefits occur. Nonetheless, our ability to control H2S levels using exogenous H2S donors or by modifying the endogenous H2S production/consumption equilibrium has the potential to improve health and increase "shelf-life" across evolutionary boundaries, including our own. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1483-1502.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hine
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yan Zhu
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James R Mitchell
- 3 Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Exogenous hydrogen sulfide gas does not induce hypothermia in normoxic mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3855. [PMID: 29497053 PMCID: PMC5832815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S, 80 ppm) gas in an atmosphere of 17.5% oxygen reportedly induces suspended animation in mice; a state analogous to hibernation that entails hypothermia and hypometabolism. However, exogenous H2S in combination with 17.5% oxygen is able to induce hypoxia, which in itself is a trigger of hypometabolism/hypothermia. Using non-invasive thermographic imaging, we demonstrated that mice exposed to hypoxia (5% oxygen) reduce their body temperature to ambient temperature. In contrast, animals exposed to 80 ppm H2S under normoxic conditions did not exhibit a reduction in body temperature compared to normoxic controls. In conclusion, mice induce hypothermia in response to hypoxia but not H2S gas, which contradicts the reported findings and putative contentions.
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12
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Filipovic MR, Zivanovic J, Alvarez B, Banerjee R. Chemical Biology of H 2S Signaling through Persulfidation. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1253-1337. [PMID: 29112440 PMCID: PMC6029264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Signaling by H2S is proposed to occur via persulfidation, a posttranslational modification of cysteine residues (RSH) to persulfides (RSSH). Persulfidation provides a framework for understanding the physiological and pharmacological effects of H2S. Due to the inherent instability of persulfides, their chemistry is understudied. In this review, we discuss the biologically relevant chemistry of H2S and the enzymatic routes for its production and oxidation. We cover the chemical biology of persulfides and the chemical probes for detecting them. We conclude by discussing the roles ascribed to protein persulfidation in cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos R. Filipovic
- Univeristy of Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jasmina Zivanovic
- Univeristy of Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la Republica, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0600, United States
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Malone Rubright SL, Pearce LL, Peterson J. Environmental toxicology of hydrogen sulfide. Nitric Oxide 2017; 71:1-13. [PMID: 29017846 PMCID: PMC5777517 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Malone Rubright
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh PA 15219, United States
| | - Linda L Pearce
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh PA 15219, United States.
| | - Jim Peterson
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh PA 15219, United States.
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Pharmacologically induced reversible hypometabolic state mitigates radiation induced lethality in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14900. [PMID: 29097738 PMCID: PMC5668348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia has proven benefits in critical care of a number of diseased states, where inflammation and oxidative stress are the key players. Here, we report that adenosine monophosphate (AMP) triggered hypometabolic state (HMS), 1–3 hours after lethal total body irradiation (TBI) for a duration of 6 hours, rescue mice from radiation-induced lethality and this effect is mediated by the persistent hypothermia. Studies with caffeine and 6N-cyclohexyladenosine, a non-selective antagonist and a selective agonist of adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) respectively, indicated the involvement of adenosine receptor (AR) signaling. Intracerebroventricular injection of AMP also suggested possible involvement of central activation of AR signaling. AMP, induced HMS in a strain and age independent fashion and did not affect the behavioural and reproductive capacities. AMP induced HMS, mitigated radiation-induced oxidative DNA damage and loss of HSPCs. The increase in IL-6 and IL-10 levels and a shift towards anti-inflammatory milieu during the first 3–4 hours seems to be responsible for the augmented survival of HSPCs. The syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) studies further supported the role of radiation-induced inflammation in loss of bone marrow cellularity after TBI. We also showed that the clinically plausible mild hypothermia effectively mitigates TBI induced lethality in mice.
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15
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Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CII: Pharmacological Modulation of H 2S Levels: H 2S Donors and H 2S Biosynthesis Inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:497-564. [PMID: 28978633 PMCID: PMC5629631 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important endogenous gasotransmitter in mammalian cells and tissues. Similar to the previously characterized gasotransmitters nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, H2S is produced by various enzymatic reactions and regulates a host of physiologic and pathophysiological processes in various cells and tissues. H2S levels are decreased in a number of conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, ischemia, and aging) and are increased in other states (e.g., inflammation, critical illness, and cancer). Over the last decades, multiple approaches have been identified for the therapeutic exploitation of H2S, either based on H2S donation or inhibition of H2S biosynthesis. H2S donation can be achieved through the inhalation of H2S gas and/or the parenteral or enteral administration of so-called fast-releasing H2S donors (salts of H2S such as NaHS and Na2S) or slow-releasing H2S donors (GYY4137 being the prototypical compound used in hundreds of studies in vitro and in vivo). Recent work also identifies various donors with regulated H2S release profiles, including oxidant-triggered donors, pH-dependent donors, esterase-activated donors, and organelle-targeted (e.g., mitochondrial) compounds. There are also approaches where existing, clinically approved drugs of various classes (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories) are coupled with H2S-donating groups (the most advanced compound in clinical trials is ATB-346, an H2S-donating derivative of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound naproxen). For pharmacological inhibition of H2S synthesis, there are now several small molecule compounds targeting each of the three H2S-producing enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Although many of these compounds have their limitations (potency, selectivity), these molecules, especially in combination with genetic approaches, can be instrumental for the delineation of the biologic processes involving endogenous H2S production. Moreover, some of these compounds (e.g., cell-permeable prodrugs of the CBS inhibitor aminooxyacetate, or benserazide, a potentially repurposable CBS inhibitor) may serve as starting points for future clinical translation. The present article overviews the currently known H2S donors and H2S biosynthesis inhibitors, delineates their mode of action, and offers examples for their biologic effects and potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
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Hartmann C, Nussbaum B, Calzia E, Radermacher P, Wepler M. Gaseous Mediators and Mitochondrial Function: The Future of Pharmacologically Induced Suspended Animation? Front Physiol 2017; 8:691. [PMID: 28974933 PMCID: PMC5610695 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as poisonous gases is well-established. However, they are not only endogenously produced but also, at low concentrations, exert beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammation, and cytoprotection. This knowledge initiated the ongoing debate, as to whether these molecules, also referred to as “gaseous mediators” or “gasotransmitters,” could serve as novel therapeutic agents. In this context, it is noteworthy, that all gasotransmitters specifically target the mitochondria, and that this interaction may modulate mitochondrial bioenergetics, thereby subsequently affecting metabolic function. This feature is of crucial interest for the possible induction of “suspended animation.” Suspended animation, similar to mammalian hibernation (and/or estivation), refers to an externally induced hypometabolic state, with the intention to preserve organ function in order to survive otherwise life-threatening conditions. This hypometabolic state is usually linked to therapeutic hypothermia, which, however, comes along with adverse effects (e.g., coagulopathy, impaired host defense). Therefore, inducing an on-demand hypometabolic state by directly lowering the energy metabolism would be an attractive alternative. Theoretically, gasotransmitters should reversibly interact and inhibit the mitochondrial respiratory chain during pharmacologically induced suspended animation. However, it has to be kept in mind that this effect also bears the risk of cytotoxicity resulting from the blockade of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge of the impact of gasotransmitters on modulating mitochondrial function. Further, we will discuss their role as potential candidates in inducing a suspended animation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair Hartmann
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University HospitalUlm, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Ulm University HospitalUlm, Germany
| | - Benedikt Nussbaum
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University HospitalUlm, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Ulm University HospitalUlm, Germany
| | - Enrico Calzia
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University HospitalUlm, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Ulm University HospitalUlm, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University HospitalUlm, Germany
| | - Martin Wepler
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University HospitalUlm, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Ulm University HospitalUlm, Germany
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17
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Nußbaum BL, Vogt J, Wachter U, McCook O, Wepler M, Matallo J, Calzia E, Gröger M, Georgieff M, Wood ME, Whiteman M, Radermacher P, Hafner S. Metabolic, Cardiac, and Renal Effects of the Slow Hydrogen Sulfide-Releasing Molecule GYY4137 During Resuscitated Septic Shock in Swine with Pre-Existing Coronary Artery Disease. Shock 2017; 48:175-184. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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McCook O, Radermacher P, Volani C, Asfar P, Ignatius A, Kemmler J, Möller P, Szabó C, Whiteman M, Wood ME, Wang R, Georgieff M, Wachter U. H2S during circulatory shock: some unresolved questions. Nitric Oxide 2014; 41:48-61. [PMID: 24650697 PMCID: PMC4229245 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.03.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous papers have been published on the role of H2S during circulatory shock. Consequently, knowledge about vascular sulfide concentrations may assume major importance, in particular in the context of "acute on chronic disease", i.e., during circulatory shock in animals with pre-existing chronic disease. This review addresses the questions (i) of the "real" sulfide levels during circulatory shock, and (ii) to which extent injury and pre-existing co-morbidity may affect the expression of H2S producing enzymes under these conditions. In the literature there is a huge range on sulfide blood levels during circulatory shock, in part as a result of the different analytical methods used, but also due to the variable of the models and species studied. Clearly, some of the very high levels reported should be questioned in the context of the well-known H2S toxicity. As long as "real" sulfide levels during circulatory shock are unknown and/or undetectable "on line" due to the lack of appropriate techniques, it appears to be premature to correlate the measured blood levels of hydrogen sulfide with the severity of shock or the H2S therapy-related biological outcomes. The available data on the tissue expression of the H2S-releasing enzymes during circulatory shock suggest that a "constitutive" CSE expression may play a crucial role of for the maintenance of organ function, at least in the kidney. The data also indicate that increased CBS and CSE expression, in particular in the lung and the liver, represents an adaptive response to stress states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar McCook
- Sektion Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Helmholtzstrasse 8-1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Sektion Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Helmholtzstrasse 8-1, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Chiara Volani
- Sektion Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Helmholtzstrasse 8-1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Pierre Asfar
- Département de Réanimation Médicale et de Médecine Hyperbare, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 4 rue Larrey, Cedex 9, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institut für Unfallchirurgische Forschung und Biomechanik, Universitätsklinikum, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Kemmler
- Institut für Unfallchirurgische Forschung und Biomechanik, Universitätsklinikum, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Möller
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum, Albert-Einstein-Allee 20-23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Csaba Szabó
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 601 Harborside Drive, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Magdalen Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Mark E Wood
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Michael Georgieff
- Sektion Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Helmholtzstrasse 8-1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wachter
- Sektion Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Helmholtzstrasse 8-1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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