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Oliveira ME, Campanholi J, Cavalcante RL, Moreno FS, Yoshida EH, Dini MMJ, Aranha ÉFDC, Cogo JC, Dias L, Hyslop S, Grotto D, Hanai-Yoshida VM, Oshima-Franco Y. Experimental model for removal of snake venom via hemoperfusion in rats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2020; 30:286-294. [PMID: 32112523 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the efficiency of hemoperfusion in removing South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) venom from rats compared with neutralization by antivenom. DESIGN An exploratory experimental investigation in rats involving the injection of snake venom with or without subsequent hemoperfusion or antivenom administration. SETTING Basic animal research laboratory in a private university. ANIMALS Normal, healthy male Wistar rats (0.29-0.40 kg, 3-6 months old) from a commercial breeder. INTERVENTIONS Four experimental groups of randomly allocated rats (n = 3/group) were studied: Group 1: rats were injected with a single dose of venom (5 mg/kg, IM, in the right thigh) with no other treatment; blood samples were collected minutes before death to determine leukocyte, platelet, and erythrocyte counts; Group 2 (Control): rats underwent hemoperfusion alone for 60 min using a hemoperfusion cartridge designed for protein adsorption (by granulated charcoal) and protein precipitation (by tannic acid); Group 3 (Venom + antivenom): rats were injected with venom (5 mg/kg, IM) and, 10 min later, were treated with antivenom at the venom:antivenom ratio recommended by the manufacturer; Group 4 (Venom + hemoperfusion): Rats were injected with venom (5 mg/kg, IM) and, 10 min later, were hemoperfused for 60 min. In groups 2-4, blood samples were collected for leukocyte, platelet, and erythrocyte counts 24 h after venom. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Rats injected with venom alone (Group 1) developed signs of neurotoxicity and ataxia and died in 9.0 ± 0.43 h but showed no changes in leukocyte or erythrocyte counts. In contrast, there were no deaths in groups 2-4. The lack of deaths in Groups 3 and 4 indicated that antivenom and hemoperfusion, respectively, protected against the lethal effects of the venom. CONCLUSIONS Hemoperfusion with a double-action hemoperfusion cartridge capable of protein adsorption and precipitation protected rats against C. d. terrificus venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Estevan Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Campanholi
- Veterinary Medicine Course, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson Hideaki Yoshida
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Murilo Melo Juste Dini
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Carlos Cogo
- Department of Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Brazil University, Itaquera, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Dias
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Grotto
- Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Processes, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Miwa Hanai-Yoshida
- Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Processes, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yoko Oshima-Franco
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Veterinary Medicine Course, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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