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Liu J, Mroczek M, Mach A, Stępień M, Aplas A, Pronobis-Szczylik B, Bukowski S, Mielczarek M, Gajewska E, Topolski P, Król ZJ, Szyda J, Dobosz P. Genetics, Genomics and Emerging Molecular Therapies of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:779. [PMID: 36765737 PMCID: PMC9913594 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of cases of pancreatic cancers in 2019 in Poland was 3852 (approx. 2% of all cancers). The course of the disease is very fast, and the average survival time from the diagnosis is 6 months. Only <2% of patients live for 5 years from the diagnosis, 8% live for 2 years, and almost half live for only about 3 months. A family predisposition to pancreatic cancer occurs in about 10% of cases. Several oncogenes in which somatic changes lead to the development of tumours, including genes BRCA1/2 and PALB2, TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, MLL3, TGFBR2, ARID1A and SF3B1, are involved in pancreatic cancer. Between 4% and 10% of individuals with pancreatic cancer will have a mutation in one of these genes. Six percent of patients with pancreatic cancer have NTRK pathogenic fusion. The pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer can in many cases be characterised by homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-cell inability to effectively repair DNA. It is estimated that from 24% to as many as 44% of pancreatic cancers show HRD. The most common cause of HRD are inactivating mutations in the genes regulating this DNA repair system, mainly BRCA1 and BRCA2, but also PALB2, RAD51C and several dozen others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Liu
- Biostatistics Group, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mroczek
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics and Gene Diagnostics, Foundation for People with Rare Diseases, Wagistrasse 25, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anna Mach
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Stępień
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Angelika Aplas
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Pronobis-Szczylik
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Bukowski
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magda Mielczarek
- Biostatistics Group, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Ewelina Gajewska
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Topolski
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew J. Król
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Szyda
- Biostatistics Group, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Paula Dobosz
- Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Mollinedo F, Gajate C. Direct Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting by the Selective Alkylphospholipid Analog and Antitumor Ether Lipid Edelfosine as a Therapeutic Approach in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4173. [PMID: 34439330 PMCID: PMC8394177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common malignancy of the pancreas, shows a dismal and grim overall prognosis and survival rate, which have remained virtually unchanged for over half a century. PDAC is the most lethal of all cancers, with the highest mortality-to-incidence ratio. PDAC responds poorly to current therapies and remains an incurable malignancy. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets and drugs are urgently needed for pancreatic cancer treatment. Selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is an appealing approach in cancer therapy. Apoptotic cell death is highly regulated by different signaling routes that involve a variety of subcellular organelles. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress acts as a double-edged sword at the interface of cell survival and death. Pancreatic cells exhibit high hormone and enzyme secretory functions, and thereby show a highly developed ER. Thus, pancreatic cancer cells display a prominent ER. Solid tumors have to cope with adverse situations in which hypoxia, lack of certain nutrients, and the action of certain antitumor agents lead to a complex interplay and crosstalk between ER stress and autophagy-the latter acting as an adaptive survival response. ER stress also mediates cell death induced by a number of anticancer drugs and experimental conditions, highlighting the pivotal role of ER stress in modulating cell fate. The alkylphospholipid analog prototype edelfosine is selectively taken up by tumor cells, accumulates in the ER of a number of human solid tumor cells-including pancreatic cancer cells-and promotes apoptosis through a persistent ER-stress-mediated mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we discuss and propose that direct ER targeting may be a promising approach in the therapy of pancreatic cancer, opening up a new avenue for the treatment of this currently incurable and deadly cancer. Furthermore, because autophagy acts as a cytoprotective response to ER stress, potentiation of the triggering of a persistent ER response by combination therapy, together with the use of autophagy blockers, could improve the current gloomy expectations for finding a cure for this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
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3
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Caston RA, Shah F, Starcher CL, Wireman R, Babb O, Grimard M, McGeown J, Armstrong L, Tong Y, Pili R, Rupert J, Zimmers TA, Elmi AN, Pollok KE, Motea EA, Kelley MR, Fishel ML. Combined inhibition of Ref-1 and STAT3 leads to synergistic tumour inhibition in multiple cancers using 3D and in vivo tumour co-culture models. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:784-800. [PMID: 33274592 PMCID: PMC7812272 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With a plethora of molecularly targeted agents under investigation in cancer, a clear need exists to understand which pathways can be targeted simultaneously with multiple agents to elicit a maximal killing effect on the tumour. Combination therapy provides the most promise in difficult to treat cancers such as pancreatic. Ref-1 is a multifunctional protein with a role in redox signalling that activates transcription factors such as NF-κB, AP-1, HIF-1α and STAT3. Formerly, we have demonstrated that dual targeting of Ref-1 (redox factor-1) and STAT3 is synergistic and decreases cell viability in pancreatic cancer cells. Data presented here extensively expands upon this work and provides further insights into the relationship of STAT3 and Ref-1 in multiple cancer types. Using targeted small molecule inhibitors, Ref-1 redox signalling was blocked along with STAT3 activation, and tumour growth evaluated in the presence and absence of the relevant tumour microenvironment. Our study utilized qPCR, cytotoxicity and in vivo analysis of tumour and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) response to determine the synergy of Ref-1 and STAT3 inhibitors. Overall, pancreatic tumours grown in the presence of CAFs were sensitized to the combination of STAT3 and Ref-1 inhibition in vivo. In vitro bladder and pancreatic cancer demonstrated the most synergistic responses. By disabling both of these important pathways, this combination therapy has the capacity to hinder crosstalk between the tumour and its microenvironment, leading to improved tumour response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Caston
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Fenil Shah
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Colton L. Starcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Randall Wireman
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Olivia Babb
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Michelle Grimard
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Jack McGeown
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Lee Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Yan Tong
- Department of BiostatisticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Roberto Pili
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of UrologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of Hematology and OncologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Joseph Rupert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Adily N. Elmi
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Karen E. Pollok
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Edward A. Motea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Mark R. Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Melissa L. Fishel
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric ResearchIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
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Siolas D, Morrissey C, Oberstein PE. The Achilles' Heel of Pancreatic Cancer: Targeting pancreatic cancer's unique immunologic characteristics and metabolic dependencies in clinical trials. JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY 2020; 3:121-131. [PMID: 33133736 PMCID: PMC7595263 DOI: 10.1097/jp9.0000000000000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a high mortality rate and is notoriously refractory to multiple cancer treatments. In recent years, cancer therapy has expanded beyond traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy to targeted agents and immunotherapy which have been successfully implemented in many cancers. Despite robust pre-clinical research, these novel therapies have only had a small impact on PDAC. However, there have been successes with emerging clinical data supporting a potential role for checkpoint inhibitor therapy and targeted therapy with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for select subsets of PDAC patients. In this clinical review, we discuss recent pre-clinical evidence for targeting metabolic pathways as well as prevalent intratumoral immune subsets, and focus on clinical trials designed to test novel agents in PDAC. The challenge of translating pre-clinical findings to patients remains substantial and many clinical trials yield negative results, but collaborative efforts and renewed focus on novel clinical trials have led to optimism that we will identify additional options for PDAC patients and change outcomes for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Siolas
- Department of Medicine, Pancreatic Cancer Center, Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Christy Morrissey
- Department of Medicine, Pancreatic Cancer Center, Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Paul Eliezer Oberstein
- Department of Medicine, Pancreatic Cancer Center, Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
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5
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Kabacaoglu D, Ruess DA, Ai J, Algül H. NF-κB/Rel Transcription Factors in Pancreatic Cancer: Focusing on RelA, c-Rel, and RelB. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E937. [PMID: 31277415 PMCID: PMC6679104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)/Rel transcription factors (TFs) is extremely cell-type-specific owing to their ability to act disparately in the context of cellular homeostasis driven by cellular fate and the microenvironment. This is also valid for tumor cells in which every single component shows heterogenic effects. Whereas many studies highlighted a per se oncogenic function for NF-κB/Rel TFs across cancers, recent advances in the field revealed their additional tumor-suppressive nature. Specifically, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as one of the deadliest malignant diseases, shows aberrant canonical-noncanonical NF-κB signaling activity. Although decades of work suggest a prominent oncogenic activity of NF-κB signaling in PDAC, emerging evidence points to the opposite including anti-tumor effects. Considering the dual nature of NF-κB signaling and how it is closely linked to many other cancer related signaling pathways, it is essential to dissect the roles of individual Rel TFs in pancreatic carcinogenesis and tumor persistency and progression. Here, we discuss recent knowledge highlighting the role of Rel TFs RelA, RelB, and c-Rel in PDAC development and maintenance. Next to providing rationales for therapeutically harnessing Rel TF function in PDAC, we compile strategies currently in (pre-)clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Kabacaoglu
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Ruess
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiaoyu Ai
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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6
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Yao GW, Bai JR, Zhang DP. P21 activated kinase 2 promotes pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3709-3718. [PMID: 30930982 PMCID: PMC6425405 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has an overall 5-year survival rate of only 9%, due to its rapid metastasis and poor prognosis. To combat this disease, novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers are required. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of P21 activated kinase 2 (PAK2) protein in the tissues of cancer and the paired adjacent normal tissues. The association between PAK2 and the clinicopathologic features of patients with pancreatic cancer was subsequently analyzed. The results indicated that PAK2 was overexpressed in the cancer tissues, which indicated high pTNM stage, poor tumor grade, lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion. In addition, the results demonstrated evidence of a close association between PAK2 expression and poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. The results also suggested that PAK2 may promote pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro through clone formation, MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays. The present study further identified that PAK2 could stimulate pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis in mice. Decreased expression of proliferation marker protein Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in response to PAK2 knockdown further verified the role of PAK2 in promoting cell proliferation by western blot analysis. In addition, the expression levels of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 2 and MMP9 were decreased in PANC1 and BxPC3 cell lines transfected with PAK2-short hairpin RNA as indicated in western blot analysis, suggesting a function of PAK2 in promoting cell invasion. Collectively, these findings revealed a critical role for PAK2 in the development of pancreatic cancer and may have important implications for the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wang Yao
- Department of the 1st Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Rui Bai
- Department of the 1st Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Da-Peng Zhang
- Department of the 1st Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
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7
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Giovannetti E, van der Borden CL, Frampton AE, Ali A, Firuzi O, Peters GJ. Never let it go: Stopping key mechanisms underlying metastasis to fight pancreatic cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 44:43-59. [PMID: 28438662 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive neoplasm, predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths before 2030. This dismal trend is mainly due to lack of effective treatments against its metastatic behavior. Therefore, a better understanding of the key mechanisms underlying metastasis should provide new opportunities for therapeutic purposes. Genomic analyses revealed that aberrations that fuel PDAC tumorigenesis and progression, such as SMAD4 loss, are also implicated in metastasis. Recently, microRNAs have been shown to play a regulatory role in the metastatic behavior of many tumors, including PDAC. In particular, miR-10 and miR-21 have appeared as master regulators of the metastatic program, while members of the miR-200 family are involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal switch, favoring cell migration and invasiveness. Several studies have also found a close relationship between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and biological features of metastasis, and the CSC markers ALDH1, ABCG2 and c-Met are expressed at high levels in metastatic PDAC cells. Emerging evidence reveals that exosomes are involved in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and can initiate PDAC pre-metastatic niche formation in the liver and lungs. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of all these pivotal factors in the metastatic behavior of PDAC, and discuss their potential exploitation in the clinic to improve current therapeutics and identify new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Giovannetti
- Lab Medical Oncology, Dept. Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C L van der Borden
- Lab Medical Oncology, Dept. Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A E Frampton
- HPB Surgical Unit, Dept. of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - A Ali
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - O Firuzi
- Lab Medical Oncology, Dept. Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - G J Peters
- Lab Medical Oncology, Dept. Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wang Y, Zheng Y, Tu Z, Dai Y, Xu H, Lv L, Wang J. The anti-tumor effects of the recombinant toxin protein rLj-RGD3 from Lampetra japonica on pancreatic carcinoma Panc-1 cells in nude mice. Peptides 2017; 88:8-17. [PMID: 27988354 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant Lampetra japonica RGD peptide (rLj-RGD3) is a soluble toxin protein with three RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) motifs and a molecular weight of 13.5kDa. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of rLj-RGD3 on tumor growth and survival in pancreatic carcinoma Panc-1 cell-bearing mice. A Panc-1 human pancreatic carcinoma-bearing nude mouse model was successfully generated, and the animals were treated with different doses of rLj-RGD3 for 3 weeks. The volume and weight of the subcutaneous tumors, the survival of the nude mice, histopathological changes, the intratumoral MVD, the number of apoptotic Panc-1 cells, and apoptosis-related proteins and gene expressions were determined. rLj-RGD3 significantly decreased the tumor volumes and weights, and the maximum tumor volume and weight IR values were 53.2% (p<0.001) and 55.9% (p<0.001), respectively. The life expectancy of Panc-1-bearing nude mice treated with rLj-RGD3 was increased by 56.3% (p<0.001). Meanwhile, rLj-RGD3 promoted the expression of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 and inhibited Bcl-2 and VEGF expression. In addition, rLj-RGD3 did not change FAK, PI3K and Akt expression, but p-FAK, p-PI3K and p-Akt, levels were down-regulated. These results show that rLj-RGD3 induced potent anti-tumor activity in vivo and suppressed the growth of transplanted Panc-1 cells in a nude mouse model, implying that rLj-RGD3 may serve as a potent clinical therapeutic agent for human pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116029, China
| | - Zuoyu Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Yongguo Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Li Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China.
| | - Jihong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116029, China.
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9
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Aeffner F, Martin NT, Peljto M, Black JC, Major JK, Jangani M, Ports MO, Krueger JS, Young GD. Quantitative assessment of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions in IHC-stained tissue with a tissue image analysis platform. J Transl Med 2016; 96:1327-1336. [PMID: 27775692 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue image analysis (tIA) is emerging as a powerful tool for quantifying biomarker expression and distribution in complex diseases and tissues. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) develops in a highly complex and heterogeneous tissue environment and, generally, has a very poor prognosis. Early detection of PDAC is confounded by limited knowledge of the pre-neoplastic disease stages and limited methods to quantitatively assess disease heterogeneity. We sought to develop a tIA approach to assess the most common PDAC precursor lesions, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), in tissues from KrasLSL-G12D/+; Trp53LSL-R172H/+; Pdx-Cre (KPC) mice, a validated model of PDAC development. tIA profiling of training regions of PanIN and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells was utilized to guide identification of PanIN/TME tissue compartment stratification criteria. A custom CellMap algorithm implementing these criteria was applied to whole-slide images of KPC mice pancreata sections to quantify p53 and Ki-67 biomarker staining in each tissue compartment as a proof-of-concept for the algorithm platform. The algorithm robustly identified a higher percentage of p53-positive cells in PanIN lesions relative to the TME, whereas no difference was observed for Ki-67. Ki-67 expression was also quantified in a human pancreatic tissue sample available to demonstrate the translatability of the CellMap algorithm to human samples. Together, our data demonstrated the utility of CellMap to enable objective and quantitative assessments, across entire tissue sections, of PDAC precursor lesions in preclinical and clinical models of this disease to support efforts leading to novel insights into disease progression, diagnostic markers, and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maryam Jangani
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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10
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Arpin CC, Mac S, Jiang Y, Cheng H, Grimard M, Page BDG, Kamocka MM, Haftchenary S, Su H, Ball DP, Rosa DA, Lai PS, Gómez-Biagi RF, Ali AM, Rana R, Hanenberg H, Kerman K, McElyea KC, Sandusky GE, Gunning PT, Fishel ML. Applying Small Molecule Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (STAT3) Protein Inhibitors as Pancreatic Cancer Therapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:794-805. [PMID: 26873728 PMCID: PMC4873422 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Constitutively activated STAT3 protein has been found to be a key regulator of pancreatic cancer and a target for molecular therapeutic intervention. In this study, PG-S3-001, a small molecule derived from the SH-4-54 class of STAT3 inhibitors, was found to inhibit patient-derived pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo in the low micromolar range. PG-S3-001 binds the STAT3 protein potently, Kd = 324 nmol/L by surface plasmon resonance, and showed no effect in a kinome screen (>100 cancer-relevant kinases). In vitro studies demonstrated potent cell killing as well as inhibition of STAT3 activation in pancreatic cancer cells. To better model the tumor and its microenvironment, we utilized three-dimensional (3D) cultures of patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells in the absence and presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). In this coculture model, inhibition of tumor growth is maintained following STAT3 inhibition in the presence of CAFs. Confocal microscopy was used to verify tumor cell death following treatment of 3D cocultures with PG-S3-001. The 3D model was predictive of in vivo efficacy as significant tumor growth inhibition was observed upon administration of PG-S3-001. These studies showed that the inhibition of STAT3 was able to impact the survival of tumor cells in a relevant 3D model, as well as in a xenograft model using patient-derived cells. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 794-805. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn C Arpin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Mac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Huiwen Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michelle Grimard
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brent D G Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malgorzata M Kamocka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sina Haftchenary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Han Su
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel P Ball
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ping-Shan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodolfo F Gómez-Biagi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rahul Rana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery (ENT), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle C McElyea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - George E Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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11
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Cep70 overexpression stimulates pancreatic cancer by inducing centrosome abnormality and microtubule disorganization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21263. [PMID: 26893288 PMCID: PMC4759539 DOI: 10.1038/srep21263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is crucial for mitotic fidelity, and centrosome aberrations are associated with genomic instability and tumorigenesis. The centrosomal protein Cep70 has been reported to play a role in various cellular activities. However, whether this protein is involved in pathological processes remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that Cep70 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues. Cep70 expression correlates with clinicopathological parameters of pancreatic cancer, including histological grade, pathological tumor node metastasis stage, lymph node metastasis, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level. Depletion of Cep70 significantly suppresses pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and promotes apoptotic cell death, and exogenous expression of Cep70 can rescue the above effects. Cep70 also stimulates colony formation in soft agar and enhances tumor growth in mice. Our data further show that ectopic expression of Cep70 in pancreatic cancer cells results in the mislocalization of centrosomal proteins, including γ-tubulin and pericentrin, and the formation of intracellular aggregates. In addition, Cep70 overexpression leads to microtubule disorganization and the formation of multipolar spindles during mitosis. Our study thus unravels a critical role for Cep70 in pancreatic cancer and suggests Cep70 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for this deadly disease.
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12
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Bijlsma MF, van Laarhoven HWM. The conflicting roles of tumor stroma in pancreatic cancer and their contribution to the failure of clinical trials: a systematic review and critical appraisal. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016; 34:97-114. [PMID: 25566685 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A nearly universal feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extensive presence of activated stroma. This stroma is thought to aid in various tumor-promoting processes and hampers response to therapy. Here, we aim to evaluate the evidence that supports this role of the stroma in PDAC with functional experiments in relevant models, discuss the clinical trials that have aimed to target the stroma in this disease, and examine recent work that explains why these clinical trials based on stroma-targeting strategies have thus far not achieved the expected success. We systematically searched PubMed through August 2014 with no restrictions to identify published peer-reviewed research articles assessing the effect of targeting the stroma on tumor growth or metastases in preclinical animal models. Five hundred and thirty articles were extracted of which 31 were included in the analysis. Unfortunately, due to the large variety in models and outcome measures, we could not perform a meta-analysis of our data. We find that despite an abundance of positive outcomes reported in previous studies on stroma targeting, a strong discrepancy exists with the outcomes of clinical trials and the more recent preclinical work that is in line with these trials. We explain the incongruities by the duration of stroma targeting and propose that chronic stroma targeting treatment is possibly detrimental in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Lowery MA, O'Reilly EM. Novel Therapeutics for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2015; 29:777-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Güngör C, Hofmann BT, Wolters-Eisfeld G, Bockhorn M. Pancreatic cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:849-58. [PMID: 24024905 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED In recent years, it has become clear that the current standard therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer are not adequate and still do not meet the criteria to cure patients suffering from this lethal disease. Although research over the past decade has shown very interesting and promising new therapeutic options for these patients, only minor clinical success was achieved. Therefore, there is still an urgent need for new approaches that deal with early detection and new therapeutic options in pancreatic cancer. To provide optimal care for patients with pancreatic cancer, we need to understand better its complex molecular biology and thus to identify new target molecules that promote the proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer cells. In spite of significant progress in curing cancers with chemotherapy, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most resistant solid tumour cancers and many studies suggest that drug-resistant cancer cells are the most aggressive with the highest relapse and metastatic rates. In this context, activated Notch signalling is strongly linked with chemoresistance and therefore reflects a rational new target to circumvent resistance to chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Here, we have focused our discussion on the latest research, current therapy options and recently identified target molecules such as Notch-2 and the heparin-binding growth factor midkine, which exhibit a wide range of cancer-relevant functions and therefore provide attractive new therapeutic target molecules, in terms of pancreatic cancer and other cancers also. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Güngör
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Experimental Oncology, Campus Research, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Maftouh M, Avan A, Funel N, Paolicchi E, Vasile E, Pacetti P, Vaccaro V, Faviana P, Campani D, Caponi S, Mambrini A, Boggi U, Cantore M, Milella M, Peters GJ, Reni M, Giovannetti E. A polymorphism in the promoter is associated with EZH2 expression but not with outcome in advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:609-18. [PMID: 24798718 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: EZH2 expression is a prognostic marker in radically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Here we investigated its role in locally advanced/metastatic patients, as well as candidate polymorphisms. Materials & methods: EZH2 expression and polymorphisms were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR in 32 laser microdissected tumors, while polymorphisms were also studied in blood samples from two additional cohorts treated with gemcitabine monotherapy (n = 93) or polychemotherapeutic regimens (n = 247). Results: EZH2 expression correlated with survival and with the rs6958683 polymorphism in the first cohort of patients, but this polymorphism was not associated with survival in our larger cohorts. Conclusion: EZH2 is a prognostic factor for locally advanced/metastatic PDACs, while candidate polymorphisms cannot predict clinical outcome. Other factors involved in EZH2 regulation, such as miR-101, should be investigated in accessible samples in order to improve the clinical management of advanced PDAC. Original submitted 31 July 2013; Revision submitted 4 November 2013
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Maftouh
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, CCA room 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, CCA room 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niccola Funel
- Department of Surgery & Surgical Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Vasile
- Department of Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Pacetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Carrara Civic Hospital, Carrara, Italy
| | - Vanja Vaccaro
- Department of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Pinuccia Faviana
- Department of Surgery & Surgical Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Campani
- Department of Surgery & Surgical Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Caponi
- Department of Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Mambrini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Carrara Civic Hospital, Carrara, Italy
| | - Ugo Boggi
- Department of Surgery & Surgical Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cantore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Carrara Civic Hospital, Carrara, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Department of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, CCA room 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Reni
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, CCA room 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Lili LN, Matyunina LV, Walker LD, Daneker GW, McDonald JF. Evidence for the importance of personalized molecular profiling in pancreatic cancer. Pancreas 2014; 43:198-211. [PMID: 24518497 PMCID: PMC4206352 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a growing body of evidence that targeted gene therapy holds great promise for the future treatment of cancer. A crucial step in this therapy is the accurate identification of appropriate candidate genes/pathways for targeted treatment. One approach is to identify variant genes/pathways that are significantly enriched in groups of afflicted individuals relative to control subjects. However, if there are multiple molecular pathways to the same cancer, the molecular determinants of the disease may be heterogeneous among individuals and possibly go undetected by group analyses. METHODS In an effort to explore this question in pancreatic cancer, we compared the most significantly differentially expressed genes/pathways between cancer and control patient samples as determined by group versus personalized analyses. RESULTS We found little to no overlap between genes/pathways identified by gene expression profiling using group analyses relative to those identified by personalized analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that personalized and not group molecular profiling is the most appropriate approach for the identification of putative candidates for targeted gene therapy of pancreatic and perhaps other cancers with heterogeneous molecular etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia N. Lili
- From the *Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biology, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta; and †Cancer Treatment Centers of America SE Regional Facility, Newnan, GA
| | - Lilya V. Matyunina
- From the *Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biology, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta; and †Cancer Treatment Centers of America SE Regional Facility, Newnan, GA
| | - L. DeEtte Walker
- From the *Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biology, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta; and †Cancer Treatment Centers of America SE Regional Facility, Newnan, GA
| | - George W. Daneker
- From the *Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biology, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta; and †Cancer Treatment Centers of America SE Regional Facility, Newnan, GA
| | - John F. McDonald
- From the *Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biology, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta; and †Cancer Treatment Centers of America SE Regional Facility, Newnan, GA
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17
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Wan L, Pantel K, Kang Y. Tumor metastasis: moving new biological insights into the clinic. Nat Med 2014; 19:1450-64. [PMID: 24202397 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the culprit behind most cancer-related deaths, metastasis is the ultimate challenge in our effort to fight cancer as a life-threatening disease. The explosive growth of metastasis research in the past decade has yielded an unprecedented wealth of information about the tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic mechanisms that dictate metastatic behaviors, the molecular and cellular basis underlying the distinct courses of metastatic progression in different cancers and what renders metastatic cancer refractory to available therapies. However, integration of such new knowledge into an improved, metastasis-oriented oncological drug development strategy is needed to thwart the development of metastatic disease at every stage of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Wan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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18
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Wang Q, Wen B, Wang T, Xu Z, Yin X, Xu S, Ren Z, Hou G, Zhou R, Zhao H, Zi J, Zhang S, Gao H, Lou X, Sun H, Feng Q, Chang C, Qin P, Zhang C, Li N, Zhu Y, Gu W, Zhong J, Zhang G, Yang P, Yan G, Shen H, Liu X, Lu H, Zhong F, He QY, Xu P, Lin L, Liu S. Omics evidence: single nucleotide variants transmissions on chromosome 20 in liver cancer cell lines. J Proteome Res 2013; 13:200-11. [PMID: 24261934 DOI: 10.1021/pr400899b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer genomics unveils many cancer-related mutations, including some chromosome 20 (Chr.20) genes. The mutated messages have been found in the corresponding mRNAs; however, whether they could be translated to proteins still requires more evidence. Herein, we proposed a transomics strategy to profile the expression status of human Chr.20 genes (555 in Ensembl v72). The data of transcriptome and translatome (the mRNAs bound with ribosome, translating mRNAs) revealed that ∼80% of the coding genes on Chr.20 were detected with mRNA signals in three liver cancer cell lines, whereas of the proteome identified, only ∼45% of the Chr.20 coding genes were detected. The high amount of overlapping of identified genes in mRNA and RNC-mRNA (ribosome nascent-chain complex-bound mRNAs, translating mRNAs) and the consistent distribution of the abundance averages of mRNA and RNC-mRNA along the Chr.20 subregions in three liver cancer cell lines indicate that the mRNA information is efficiently transmitted from transcriptional to translational stage, qualitatively and quantitatively. Of the 457 genes identified in mRNAs and RNC-mRNA, 136 were found to contain SNVs with 213 sites, and >40% of these SNVs existed only in metastatic cell lines, suggesting them as the metastasis-related SNVs. Proteomics analysis showed that 16 genes with 20 SNV sites were detected with reliable MS/MS signals, and some SNVs were further validated by the MRM approach. With the integration of the omics data at the three expression phases, therefore, we are able to achieve the overall view of the gene expression of Chr.20, which is constructive in understanding the potential trend of encoding genes in a cell line and exploration of a new type of markers related to cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China
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