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Zhang L, Zhu W, Zhang Z. Combined analysis of cecal microbiota and metabolomics reveals the intervention mechanism of Dayuan Yin in acute lung injury. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1436017. [PMID: 39318776 PMCID: PMC11420052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1436017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The ancient Chinese medicinal formula, Dayuan Yin (DYY), has a long history of use in treating respiratory ailments and is shown to be effective in treating acute infectious diseases. This study aims to explore how DYY may impact intestinal flora and metabolites induced by acute lung injury (ALI). ALI rats were induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to serve as models for assessing the anti-ALI efficacy of DYY through multiple lung injury indices. Changes in intestinal microflora were assessed via 16SrRNA gene sequencing, while cecum contents were analyzed using non-targeted metabonomics. Differential metabolites were identified through data analysis, and correlations between metabolites, microbiota, and inflammatory markers were examined using Pearson's correlation analysis. DYY demonstrated a significant improvement in LPS-induced lung injury and altered the composition of intestinal microorganisms, and especially reduced the potential harmful bacteria and enriched the beneficial bacteria. At the gate level, DYY exhibited a significant impact on the abundance of Bacteroidota and Firmicutes in ALI rats, as well as on the regulation of genera such as Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, and Romboutsia. Additionally, cecal metabonomics analysis revealed that DYY effectively modulated the abnormal expression of 12 key metabolic biomarkers in ALI rats, thereby promoting intestinal homeostasis through pathways such as purine metabolism. Furthermore, Pearson's analysis indicated a strong correlation between the dysregulation of intestinal microbiota, differential metabolites, and inflammation. These findings preliminarily confirm that ALI is closely related to cecal microbial and metabolic disorders, and DYY can play a protective role by regulating this imbalance, which provides a new understanding of the multi-system linkage mechanism of DYY improving ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
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2
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Roman J. Fibroblasts-Warriors at the Intersection of Wound Healing and Disrepair. Biomolecules 2023; 13:945. [PMID: 37371525 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is triggered by inflammation elicited after tissue injury. Mesenchymal cells, specifically fibroblasts, accumulate in the injured tissues, where they engage in tissue repair through the expression and assembly of extracellular matrices that provide a scaffold for cell adhesion, the re-epithelialization of tissues, the production of soluble bioactive mediators that promote cellular recruitment and differentiation, and the regulation of immune responses. If appropriately deployed, these processes promote adaptive repair, resulting in the preservation of the tissue structure and function. Conversely, the dysregulation of these processes leads to maladaptive repair or disrepair, which causes tissue destruction and a loss of organ function. Thus, fibroblasts not only serve as structural cells that maintain tissue integrity, but are key effector cells in the process of wound healing. The review will discuss the general concepts about the origins and heterogeneity of this cell population and highlight the specific fibroblast functions disrupted in human disease. Finally, the review will explore the role of fibroblasts in tissue disrepair, with special attention to the lung, the role of aging, and how alterations in the fibroblast phenotype underpin disorders characterized by pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Roman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and The Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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3
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Zheng Z, Peng F, Zhou Y. Pulmonary fibrosis: A short- or long-term sequelae of severe COVID-19? CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2023; 1:77-83. [PMID: 37388822 PMCID: PMC9988550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19), caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused an enormous impact on the global healthcare. SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily targets the respiratory system. Although most individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 present mild or no upper respiratory tract symptoms, patients with severe COVID-19 can rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS-related pulmonary fibrosis is a recognized sequelae of COVID-19. Whether post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis is resolvable, persistent, or even becomes progressive as seen in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is currently not known and remains a matter of debate. With the emergence of effective vaccines and treatments against COVID-19, it is now important to build our understanding of the long-term sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection, to identify COVID-19 survivors who are at risk of developing chronic pulmonary fibrosis, and to develop effective anti-fibrotic therapies. The current review aims to summarize the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in the respiratory system and highlights ARDS-related lung fibrosis in severe COVID-19 and the potential mechanisms. It envisions the long-term fibrotic lung complication in COVID-19 survivors, in particular in the aged population. The early identification of patients at risk of developing chronic lung fibrosis and the development of anti-fibrotic therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Fei Peng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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4
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Ghanem M, Homps-Legrand M, Garnier M, Morer L, Goletto T, Frija-Masson J, Wicky PH, Jaquet P, Bancal C, Hurtado-Nedelec M, de Chaisemartin L, Jaillet M, Mailleux A, Quesnel C, Poté N, Debray MP, de Montmollin E, Neukirch C, Borie R, Taillé C, Crestani B. Blood fibrocytes are associated with severity and prognosis in COVID-19 pneumonia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L847-L858. [PMID: 34496650 PMCID: PMC8562948 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00105.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased blood fibrocytes are associated with a poor prognosis in fibrotic lung diseases. We aimed to determine whether the percentage of circulating fibrocytes could be predictive of severity and prognosis during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Blood fibrocytes were quantified by flow cytometry as CD45+/CD15-/CD34+/collagen-1+ cells in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia. In a subgroup of patients admitted in an intensive care unit (ICU), fibrocytes were quantified in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Serum amyloid P (SAP), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), CXCL12, CCL2, and FGF2 concentrations were measured. We included 57 patients in the hospitalized group (median age = 59 yr [23-87]) and 16 individuals as healthy controls. The median percentage of circulating fibrocytes was higher in the patients compared with the controls (3.6% [0.2-9.2] vs. 2.1% [0.9-5.1], P = 0.04). Blood fibrocyte count was lower in the six patients who died compared with the survivors (1.6% [0.2-4.4] vs. 3.7% [0.6-9.2], P = 0.02). Initial fibrocyte count was higher in patients showing a complete lung computed tomography (CT) resolution at 3 mo. Circulating fibrocyte count was decreased in the ICU group (0.8% [0.1-2.0]), whereas BAL fibrocyte count was 6.7% (2.2-15.4). Serum SAP and TGF-β1 concentrations were increased in hospitalized patients. SAP was also increased in ICU patients. CXCL12 and CCL2 were increased in ICU patients and negatively correlated with circulating fibrocyte count. We conclude that circulating fibrocytes were increased in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, and a lower fibrocyte count was associated with an increased risk of death and a slower resolution of lung CT opacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mada Ghanem
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Méline Homps-Legrand
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France
| | - Marc Garnier
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, APHP, DMU DREAM, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Périopératoire, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Lise Morer
- APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Goletto
- APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | - Paul-Henri Wicky
- APHP, Service de Réanimation Médicale et Infectieuse, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Jaquet
- APHP, Service de Réanimation Médicale et Infectieuse, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Bancal
- APHP, Laboratoire d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | - Luc de Chaisemartin
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, APHP, Laboratoire d'immunologie, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France, Inserm, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Madeleine Jaillet
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Mailleux
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Quesnel
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, APHP, DMU DREAM, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Périopératoire, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Poté
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,APHP, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie pathologique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Debray
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,APHP, Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | - Catherine Neukirch
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Borie
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Camille Taillé
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, Paris, France.,APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
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5
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Odackal J, Yu V, Gomez-Manjerres D, Field JJ, Burdick MD, Mehrad B. Circulating fibrocytes as prognostic biomarkers of autoimmune interstitial lung disease. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00481-2020. [PMID: 33263049 PMCID: PMC7682700 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00481-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmunity is a common cause of pulmonary fibrosis and can present either as a manifestation of an established connective tissue disease or as the recently described entity of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features. The rate of progression and responsiveness to immunosuppression in these illnesses are difficult to predict. Circulating fibrocytes are bone marrow-derived progenitor cells that home to injured tissues and contribute to lung fibrogenesis. We sought to test the hypothesis that the blood fibrocyte concentration predicts outcome and treatment responsiveness in autoimmune interstitial lung diseases. Methods We compared the concentration of circulating fibrocytes in 50 subjects with autoimmune interstitial lung disease and 26 matched healthy controls and assessed the relationship between serial peripheral blood fibrocyte concentrations and clinical outcomes over a median of 6.25 years. Results As compared to controls, subjects with autoimmune interstitial lung disease had higher circulating concentrations of total fibrocytes, the subset of activated fibrocytes, and fibrocytes with activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor and interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 receptor signalling pathways. Over the follow-up period, there were episodes of marked elevation in the concentration of circulating fibrocytes in subjects with autoimmune interstitial lung disease but not controls. Initiation of immunosuppressive therapy was associated with a decline in the concentration of circulating fibrocytes. For each 100 000 cells·mL−1 increase in peak concentration of circulating fibrocytes, we found a 5% increase in odds of death or lung function decline. Conclusion In patients with autoimmune interstitial lung disease, circulating fibrocytes may represent a biomarker of outcome and treatment response. Autoimmune diseases are common causes of pulmonary fibrosis. The blood concentration of fibrocytes, cells involved in formation of scar tissue, predicts outcomes and response to immunosuppression in these patients.https://bit.ly/35bel62
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Affiliation(s)
- John Odackal
- Dept of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Victor Yu
- Dept of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Diana Gomez-Manjerres
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joshua J Field
- Medical Sciences Institute and Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marie D Burdick
- Dept of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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6
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Vasarmidi E, Tsitoura E, Spandidos DA, Tzanakis N, Antoniou KM. Pulmonary fibrosis in the aftermath of the COVID-19 era (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2557-2560. [PMID: 32765748 PMCID: PMC7401793 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The year 2020 is characterized by the COVID-19 pandemic that has resulted in more than half a million deaths in recent months. The high mortality is associated with acute severe respiratory failure that results in ICU admission and intubation. While facing this fatal disease, research and clinical observations need to be carried out in order to evaluate the long-term effects of the COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Potent clinical and laboratory biomarkers should be studied to be able to predict the subgroup of patients that are going to deteriorate or develop lung fibrosis. The opportunity of personalized medicine is a good way to consider for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Vasarmidi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eliza Tsitoura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tzanakis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina M Antoniou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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