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Ezz El Deen NM, Karem M, El Borhamy MI, Hanora AMS, Fahmy N, Zakeer S. Multivariate Analysis and Correlation Study Shows the Impact of Anthropometric and Demographic Variables on Gut Microbiota in Obese Egyptian Children. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:259. [PMID: 38972943 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Deciphering the gut microbiome's link to obesity is crucial. Our study characterized the gut microbial community in Egyptian children and investigated the effect of covariates on the gut microbiome, body mass index (BMI), geographical location, gender, and age. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the gut microbial communities of 49 children. We then evaluated these communities for diversity, potential biomarkers, and functional capacity. Alpha diversity of the non-obese group was higher than that of the obese group (Chao1, P = 0.006 and observed species, P = 0.003). Beta diversity analysis revealed significant variations in the gut microbiome between the two geographical locations, Cairo and Ismailia (unweighted UniFrac, P = 0.03) and between obesity statuses, obese and non-obese (weighted UniFrac, P = 0.034; unweighted UniFrac, P = 0.015). We observed a significantly higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in obese males than in non-obese males (P = 0.004). Interestingly, this difference was not seen in females (P = 0.77). Multivariable association with linear models (MaAsLin2) identified 8 microbial features associated with obesity, 12 associated with non-obesity, and found 29 and 13 features specific to Cairo and Ismailia patients, respectively. It has also shown one microbial feature associated with patients under five years old. MaAsLin2, however, failed to recognize any association between gender and the gut microbiome. Moreover, it could find the most predominant features in groups 2-9 but not in group 1. Another method used in the analysis is the Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) approach, which effectively identified 19 biomarkers linked to obesity, 9 linked non-obesity, 20 linked to patients residing in Cairo, 14 linked to patients in Ismailia, one linked to males, and 12 linked to females. LEfSe could not, however, detect any prevalent bacteria among children younger or older than five. Future studies should take advantage of such correlations, specifically BMI, to determine the interventions needed for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Mohamed Ezz El Deen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Karem
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mervat Ismail El Borhamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amro Mohamed Said Hanora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras Sudr, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Nora Fahmy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Kantara Branch, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Samira Zakeer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Lützhøft DO, Bækgård C, Wimborne E, Straarup EM, Pedersen KM, Swann JR, Pedersen HD, Kristensen K, Morgills L, Nielsen DS, Hansen AK, Bracken MK, Cirera S, Christoffersen BØ. High fat diet is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and decreased gut microbial derived metabolites related to metabolic health in young Göttingen Minipigs. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298602. [PMID: 38427692 PMCID: PMC10906878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives were 1) to characterize a Göttingen Minipig model of metabolic syndrome regarding its colon microbiota and circulating microbial products, and 2) to assess whether ovariectomized female and castrated male minipigs show similar phenotypes. Twenty-four nine-week-old Göttingen Minipigs were allocated to four groups based on sex and diet: ovariectomized females and castrated males fed either chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. At study end, body composition and plasma biomarkers were measured, and a mixed meal tolerance test (MMT) and an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were performed. The HFD groups had significantly higher weight gain, fat percentage, fasting plasma insulin and glucagon compared to the chow groups. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was increased and glucose effectiveness derived from the IVGTT and Matsuda´s insulin sensitivity index from the MMT were decreased in the HFD groups. The HFD groups displayed dyslipidemia, with significantly increased total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, and decreased HDL/non-HDL cholesterol ratio. The colon microbiota of HFD minipigs clearly differed from the lean controls (GuniFrac distance matrix). The main bacteria families driving this separation were Clostridiaceae, Fibrobacteraceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Porphyromonadaceae. Moreover, the species richness was significantly decreased by HFD. In addition, HFD decreased the circulating level of short chain fatty acids and beneficial microbial metabolites hippuric acid, xanthine and trigonelline, while increasing the level of branched chain amino acids. Six and nine metabolically relevant genes were differentially expressed between chow-fed and HFD-fed animals in liver and omental adipose tissue, respectively. The HFD-fed pigs presented with metabolic syndrome, gut microbial dysbiosis and a marked decrease in healthy gut microbial products and thus displayed marked parallels to human obesity and insulin resistance. HFD-fed Göttingen Minipig therefore represents a relevant animal model for studying host-microbiota interactions. No significant differences between the castrated and ovariectomized minipigs were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Olsen Lützhøft
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bækgård
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth Wimborne
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jonathan R. Swann
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Axel Kornerup Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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McCann JR, Rawls JF. Essential Amino Acid Metabolites as Chemical Mediators of Host-Microbe Interaction in the Gut. Annu Rev Microbiol 2023; 77:479-497. [PMID: 37339735 PMCID: PMC11188676 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are indispensable substrates for protein synthesis in all organisms and incorporated into diverse aspects of metabolic physiology and signaling. However, animals lack the ability to synthesize several of them and must acquire these essential amino acids from their diet or perhaps their associated microbial communities. The essential amino acids therefore occupy a unique position in the health of animals and their relationships with microbes. Here we review recent work connecting microbial production and metabolism of essential amino acids to host biology, and the reciprocal impacts of host metabolism of essential amino acids on their associated microbes. We focus on the roles of the branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) and tryptophan on host-microbe communication in the intestine of humans and other vertebrates. We then conclude by highlighting research questions surrounding the less-understood aspects of microbial essential amino acid synthesis in animal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R McCann
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; ,
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; ,
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Tao M, Lu G, Zhang S, Li P. Root causes of long-term complications of gestational diabetes mellitus: Metabolic disturbances of the host and gut microbiota. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117490. [PMID: 37453553 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses a risk of short-term and long-term complications for both mother and fetus. However, there is a lack of consensus on the screening approach and pathophysiology of GDM. METHODS Women were screened at 24 to 28 weeks gestation using the one-step screening approach and serum samples were collected for metabolomics based on 1H NMR spectroscopy. A random forest classifier was developed to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy on GDM. RESULTS Serum metabolic fingerprints of women with GDM differed significantly from those with normoglycemic. Of the 59 differential metabolites identified, 25 were well-known risk metabolites associated with type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, such as branched-chain amino acids and trimethylamine N-oxide. In addition, most of the differential metabolites were microbial metabolites or could be metabolized by gut microbes. The correlation between serum metabolites and maternal 75 g OGTT glucose values supported the establishment of a random forest classifier, which selected 21 metabolites to predict GDM with an AUC of 0.988. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic disturbances in the host and gut microbiota may be a persistent contributor to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular diseases in GDM. Targeting microbiota is one intervention that needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Tao
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Gaochen Lu
- Department of Microbiota Medicine & Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Microbiota Medicine & Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Microbiota Medicine & Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Xu YF, Hao YX, Ma L, Zhang MH, Niu XX, Li Y, Zhang YY, Liu TT, Han M, Yuan XX, Wan G, Xing HC. Difference and clinical value of metabolites in plasma and feces of patients with alcohol-related liver cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3534-3547. [PMID: 37389241 PMCID: PMC10303510 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i22.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in plasma and intestinal metabolites contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis (ALC).
AIM To explore the common and different metabolites in the plasma and feces of patients with ALC and evaluate their clinical implications.
METHODS According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 patients with ALC and 24 healthy controls (HCs) were selected, and plasma and feces samples were collected. Liver function, blood routine, and other indicators were detected with automatic biochemical and blood routine analyzers. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the plasma and feces metabolites of the two groups and the metabolomics of plasma and feces. Also, the correlation between metabolites and clinical features was analyzed.
RESULTS More than 300 common metabolites were identified in the plasma and feces of patients with ALC. Pathway analysis showed that these metabolites are enriched in bile acid and amino acid metabolic pathways. Compared to HCs, patients with ALC had a higher level of glycocholic acid (GCA) and taurocholic acid (TCA) in plasma and a lower level of deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the feces, while L-threonine, L-phenylalanine, and L-tyrosine increased simultaneously in plasma and feces. GCA, TCA, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, and L-tyrosine in plasma were positively correlated with total bilirubin (TBil), prothrombin time (PT), and maddrey discriminant function score (MDF) and negatively correlated with cholinesterase (CHE) and albumin (ALB). The DCA in feces was negatively correlated with TBil, MDF, and PT and positively correlated with CHE and ALB. Moreover, we established a P/S BA ratio of plasma primary bile acid (GCA and TCA) to fecal secondary bile acid (DCA), which was relevant to TBil, PT, and MDF score.
CONCLUSION The enrichment of GCA, TCA, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and L-methionine in the plasma of patients with ALC and the reduction of DCA in feces were related to the severity of ALC. These metabolites may be used as indicators to evaluate the progression of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Xu
- Center of Liver Diseases Division 3, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yan-Xu Hao
- Center of Liver Diseases Division 3, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Center of Liver Diseases Division 3, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Meng-Han Zhang
- Center of Liver Diseases Division 3, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Niu
- Center of Liver Diseases Division 3, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center of Liver Diseases Division 3, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Ming Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Gang Wan
- Department of Statistic, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Hui-Chun Xing
- Center of Liver Diseases Division 3, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- Center of Liver Diseases Division 3, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China
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Aldubayan MA, Mao X, Laursen MF, Pigsborg K, Christensen LH, Roager HM, Nielsen DS, Hjorth MF, Magkos F. Supplementation with inulin-type fructans affects gut microbiota and attenuates some of the cardiometabolic benefits of a plant-based diet in individuals with overweight or obesity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1108088. [PMID: 37181156 PMCID: PMC10167298 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1108088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential therapeutic target to improve the management of obesity and its comorbidities. Objective We investigated the impact of a high fiber (∼38 g/d) plant-based diet, consumed ad libitum, with or without added inulin-type fructans (ITF), on the gut microbiota composition and cardiometabolic outcomes in subjects with obesity. We also tested if baseline Prevotella/Bacteroides (P/B) ratio predicts weight loss outcomes. Methods This is a secondary exploratory analysis from the PREVENTOMICS study, in which 100 subjects (82 completers) aged 18-65 years with body mass index 27-40 kg/m2 were randomized to 10 weeks of double-blinded treatment with a personalized or a generic plant-based diet. Changes from baseline to end-of-trial in gut microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing), body composition, cardiometabolic health and inflammatory markers were evaluated in the whole cohort (n = 82), and also compared in the subgroup of subjects who were supplemented with an additional 20 g/d ITF-prebiotics (n = 21) or their controls (n = 22). Results In response to the plant-based diet, all subjects lost weight (-3.2 [95% CI -3.9, -2.5] kg) and experienced significant improvements in body composition and cardiometabolic health indices. Addition of ITF to the plant-based diet reduced microbial diversity (Shannon index) and selectively increased Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium (q < 0.05). The change in the latter was significantly associated with higher values of insulin and HOMA-IR and lower HDL cholesterol. In addition, the LDL:HDL ratio and the concentrations of IL-10, MCP-1 and TNFα were significantly elevated in the ITF-subgroup. There was no relationship between baseline P/B ratio and changes in body weight (r = -0.07, p = 0.53). Conclusion A plant-based diet consumed ad libitum modestly decreases body weight and has multiple health benefits in individuals with obesity. Addition of ITF-prebiotics on top this naturally fiber-rich background selectively changes gut microbiota composition and attenuates some of the realized cardiometabolic benefits. Clinical trial registration [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04590989], identifier [NCT04590989].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Adnan Aldubayan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaotian Mao
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kristina Pigsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars H. Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik M. Roager
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis S. Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Fiil Hjorth
- Obesity and Nutritional Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Tuborg Havnevej, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Liu Y, Zhu J, Wang H, Lu W, LEE YK, Zhao J, Zhang H. Machine learning framework for gut microbiome biomarkers discovery and modulation analysis in large-scale obese population. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:850. [PMID: 36564713 PMCID: PMC9789565 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome has proven to be an important factor affecting obesity; however, it remains a challenge to identify consistent biomarkers across geographic locations and perform precisely targeted modulation for obese individuals. RESULTS This study proposed a systematic machine learning framework and applied it to 870 human stool metagenomes across five countries to obtain comprehensive regional shared biomarkers and conduct a personalized modulation analysis. In our pipeline, a heterogeneous ensemble feature selection diagram is first developed to determine an optimal subset of biomarkers through the aggregation of multiple techniques. Subsequently, a deep reinforcement learning method was established to alter the targeted composition to the desired healthy target. In this manner, we can realize personalized modulation by counterfactual inference. Consequently, a total of 42 species were identified as regional shared biomarkers, and they showed good performance in distinguishing obese people from the healthy group (area under curve (AUC) =0.85) when demonstrated on validation datasets. In addition, by pooling all counterfactual explanations, we found that Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella copri, Bacteroides dorei, Bacteroides eggerthii, Alistipes finegoldii, Alistipes shahii, Eubacterium sp. _CAG_180, and Roseburia hominis may be potential broad-spectrum targets with consistent modulation in the multi-regional obese population. CONCLUSIONS This article shows that based on our proposed machine-learning framework, we can obtain more comprehensive and accurate biomarkers and provide modulation analysis for the obese population. Moreover, our machine-learning framework will also be very useful for other researchers to further obtain biomarkers and perform counterfactual modulation analysis in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoliang Liu
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, P. R, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, P. R, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, P. R, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, P. R, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Yuan Kun LEE
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, P. R, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Hao Zhang
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, P. R, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China ,grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
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The Emerging Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Liver Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061444. [PMID: 35740464 PMCID: PMC9220261 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases pose a substantial health burden worldwide, with approximately two million deaths each year. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)-valine, leucine, and isoleucine-are a group of essential amino acids that are essential for human health. Despite the necessity of a dietary intake of BCAA, emerging data indicate the undeniable correlation between elevated circulating BCAA levels and chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, circulatory BCAAs were positively associated with a higher cholesterol level, liver fat content, and insulin resistance (IR). However, BCAA supplementation was found to provide positive outcomes in cirrhosis and HCC patients. This review will attempt to address the contradictory claims found in the literature, with a special focus on BCAAs' distribution, key signaling pathways, and the modulation of gut microbiota. This should provide a better understanding of BCAAs' possible contribution to liver health.
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Zhang S, Dang Y. Roles of gut microbiota and metabolites in overweight and obesity of children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:994930. [PMID: 36157438 PMCID: PMC9492854 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.994930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is an increasing public health problem. Pediatric overweight and obesity result from multiple factors, including genetic background, diet, and lifestyle. In addition, the gut microbiota and their metabolites play crucial roles in the progression of overweight and obesity of children. Therefore, we reviewed the roles of gut microbiota in overweight/obese children. The relationship between pediatric overweight/obesity and gut metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids, amino acids, amines, and bile acids, are also summarized. Targeting gut microbiota and metabolites might be a promising strategy for interventions aimed at reducing pediatric overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengan Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqi Dang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yanqi Dang, ,
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