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Sivakumar S, Lama D, Rabhi N. Childhood obesity from the genes to the epigenome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1393250. [PMID: 39045266 PMCID: PMC11263020 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1393250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities has surged dramatically in recent decades. Especially concerning is the increased rate of childhood obesity, resulting in diseases traditionally associated only with adulthood. While obesity fundamentally arises from energy imbalance, emerging evidence over the past decade has revealed the involvement of additional factors. Epidemiological and murine studies have provided extensive evidence linking parental obesity to increased offspring weight and subsequent cardiometabolic complications in adulthood. Offspring exposed to an obese environment during conception, pregnancy, and/or lactation often exhibit increased body weight and long-term metabolic health issues, suggesting a transgenerational inheritance of disease susceptibility through epigenetic mechanisms rather than solely classic genetic mutations. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the mechanisms mediating transgenerational and intergenerational transmission of obesity. We delve into recent findings regarding both paternal and maternal obesity, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms and potential sex differences in offspring outcomes. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind obesity inheritance holds promise for enhancing clinical management strategies in offspring and breaking the cycle of increased metabolic risk across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nabil Rabhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Kordowitzki P, Graczyk S, Haghani A, Klutstein M. Oocyte Aging: A Multifactorial Phenomenon in A Unique Cell. Aging Dis 2024; 15:5-21. [PMID: 37307833 PMCID: PMC10796106 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The oocyte is considered to be the largest cell in mammalian species. Women hoping to become pregnant face a ticking biological clock. This is becoming increasingly challenging as an increase in life expectancy is accompanied by the tendency to conceive at older ages. With advancing maternal age, the fertilized egg will exhibit lower quality and developmental competence, which contributes to increased chances of miscarriage due to several causes such as aneuploidy, oxidative stress, epigenetics, or metabolic disorders. In particular, heterochromatin in oocytes and with it, the DNA methylation landscape undergoes changes. Further, obesity is a well-known and ever-increasing global problem as it is associated with several metabolic disorders. More importantly, both obesity and aging negatively affect female reproduction. However, among women, there is immense variability in age-related decline of oocytes' quantity, developmental competence, or quality. Herein, the relevance of obesity and DNA-methylation will be discussed as these aspects have a tremendous effect on female fertility, and it is a topic of continuous and widespread interest that has yet to be fully addressed for the mammalian oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Kordowitzki
- Department of Preclinical and Basic Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
| | - Szymon Graczyk
- Department of Preclinical and Basic Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
| | - Amin Haghani
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Luo H, Le G, Lu M, Li L. The Lnc-HOTAIR/miR122/PPARγ signaling mediated the occurrence and continuous development of alcohol-induced Osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Toxicol Lett 2023; 380:53-61. [PMID: 37024064 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the mechanism of alcohol-induced Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) through in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vitro, the Oil Red O staining showed that ethanol promoted extracellular adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. ALP staining and alizarin red staining showed that ethanol inhibited the formation of extracellular mineralization in a dose-dependent manner. The Oil Red O staining showed that miR122 mimics and Lnc-HOTAIR SiRNA rescued extracellular adipogenesis induced by ethanol in BMSCs. Besides, we found that the high expression of PPARγ in BMSCs recruited histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and histone methyltransferase (SUV39H1), which reduced the histone acetylation level and increased the histone methylation level in the miR122 promoter region, respectively. In vivo, the levels of H3K9ac, H3K14ac, and H3K27ac of miR122 promoter region in the ethanol group were significantly decreased compared to the control group, respectively. The levels of H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 of miR122 promoter region in the ethanol group were significantly increased compared to the control group. Lnc-HOTAIR/miR-122/PPARγ signaling mediated the alcohol-induced ONFH in the rat model. Furthermore, the persistent decrease of miR122 expression mediated the continuous progress of alcohol-induced ONFH after stopping alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Luo
- Department of Joint Osteopathy, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, China.
| | - Guoping Le
- Department of Joint Osteopathy, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, China
| | - Mengting Lu
- Department of Joint Osteopathy, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Joint Osteopathy, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, China
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Wang M, Wang J, Wang Y, Raja MK, Gupta G, Hu X, Shi S, Chen H, Fan D, Xu P. Trim-Away in adult animals through Nano-ERASER and its application in cancer therapy. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2298306. [PMID: 36711780 PMCID: PMC9882598 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2298306/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Trim-Away is a versatile intracellular protein degradation pathway that has been extensively explored in vitro. However, the in vivo application of Trim-Away is limited at oocyte and zygote stages due to the lack of an in vivo practical approach for intracellular antibody delivery. To broaden the application of Trim-Away, especially for clinical use, we developed a nanogel-based Nano-ERASER system. Here, we demonstrated that the intracellular delivery of anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody through Nano-ERASER could effectively deplete PD-L1 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and induce cancer cell death. Furthermore, with the help of a tumor tissue-targeted nanogel, anti-PD-L1 antibody-loaded Nano-ERASER effectively inhibited tumor progression in a TNBC mouse model. These results confirmed that Nano-ERASER realized Trim-Away in adult animals for the first time, which could be an effective tool for disease treatment and studying gene/protein function both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wang
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208 (USA)
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, 6439 Garners Ferry Rod, Columbia, SC 29209 (USA)
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, 6439 Garners Ferry Rod, Columbia, SC 29209 (USA)
| | - Manikanda Keerthi Raja
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208 (USA)
| | - Gourab Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208 (USA)
| | - Xiangxiang Hu
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208 (USA)
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208 (USA)
| | - Hexin Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208 (USA)
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, 6439 Garners Ferry Rod, Columbia, SC 29209 (USA)
| | - Peisheng Xu
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter, Columbia, SC 29208 (USA)
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Comas-Armangue G, Makharadze L, Gomez-Velazquez M, Teperino R. The Legacy of Parental Obesity: Mechanisms of Non-Genetic Transmission and Reversibility. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102461. [PMID: 36289722 PMCID: PMC9599218 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While a dramatic increase in obesity and related comorbidities is being witnessed, the underlying mechanisms of their spread remain unresolved. Epigenetic and other non-genetic mechanisms tend to be prominent candidates involved in the establishment and transmission of obesity and associated metabolic disorders to offspring. Here, we review recent findings addressing those candidates, in the context of maternal and paternal influences, and discuss the effectiveness of preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Comas-Armangue
- German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lela Makharadze
- German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melisa Gomez-Velazquez
- German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.G.-V.); (R.T.)
| | - Raffaele Teperino
- German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.G.-V.); (R.T.)
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Zhang T, Liu C, Li W, Kuang J, Qiu XY, Min L, Zhu L. Targeted protein degradation in mammalian cells: A Promising Avenue toward Future. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5477-5489. [PMID: 36249565 PMCID: PMC9535385 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the eukaryotic cellular milieu, proteins are continuously synthesized and degraded effectively via endogenous protein degradation machineries such as the ubiquitin–proteasome and lysosome pathways. By reengineering and repurposing these natural protein regulatory mechanisms, the targeted protein degradation (TPD) strategies are presenting biologists with powerful tools to manipulate the abundance of proteins of interest directly, precisely, and reversibly at the post-translational level. In recent years, TPD is gaining massive attention and is recognized as a paradigm shift both in basic research, application-oriented synthetic biology, and pioneering clinical work. In this review, we summarize the updated information, especially the engineering efforts and developmental route, of current state-of-the-art TPD technology such as Trim-Away, LYTACs, and AUTACs. Besides, the general design principle, benefits, problems, and opportunities to be addressed were further analyzed, with the aim of providing guidelines for exploration, discovery, and further application of novel TPD tools in the future.
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