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Heiliczer S, Yanko R, Sharav Y, Aframian DJ, Klutstein M, Wilensky A, Haviv Y. Oxidative stress-mediated proapoptosis signaling: A novel theory on the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of burning mouth syndrome. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:258-267. [PMID: 37966403 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral pain disorder characterized by a generalized burning sensation in the oral mucosa without apparent medical or dental causes. Despite various hypotheses proposed to explain BMS pathogenesis, a clear understanding of the cellular-level events and associated histologic and molecular findings is lacking. Advancing our understanding of BMS pathogenesis could facilitate the development of more targeted therapeutic interventions. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors conducted an extensive literature search and review of cellular mechanisms, focusing on evidence-based data that support a comprehensive hypothesis for BMS pathogenesis. The authors explored novel and detailed mechanisms that may account for the characteristic features of BMS. RESULTS The authors proposed that BMS symptoms arise from the uncontrolled activation of proapoptotic transmembrane calcium permeable channels expressed in intraoral mucosal nerve fibers. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species or dysfunctional antiapoptosis pathways may lead to uncontrolled oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis signaling, resulting in upregulation of transmembrane transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 and P2X 3 calcium channels in nociceptive fibers. Activation of these channels can cause nerve terminal depolarization, leading to generation of action potentials that are centrally interpreted as pain. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The authors present a novel hypothesis for BMS pathogenesis, highlighting the role of proapoptotic transmembrane calcium permeable channels and oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis signaling in the development of BMS symptoms. Understanding these underlying mechanisms could provide new insights into the development of targeted therapeutic interventions for BMS. Additional research is warranted to validate this hypothesis and explore potential avenues for effective management of BMS.
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Kordowitzki P, Graczyk S, Haghani A, Klutstein M. Oocyte Aging: A Multifactorial Phenomenon in A Unique Cell. Aging Dis 2024; 15:5-21. [PMID: 37307833 PMCID: PMC10796106 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The oocyte is considered to be the largest cell in mammalian species. Women hoping to become pregnant face a ticking biological clock. This is becoming increasingly challenging as an increase in life expectancy is accompanied by the tendency to conceive at older ages. With advancing maternal age, the fertilized egg will exhibit lower quality and developmental competence, which contributes to increased chances of miscarriage due to several causes such as aneuploidy, oxidative stress, epigenetics, or metabolic disorders. In particular, heterochromatin in oocytes and with it, the DNA methylation landscape undergoes changes. Further, obesity is a well-known and ever-increasing global problem as it is associated with several metabolic disorders. More importantly, both obesity and aging negatively affect female reproduction. However, among women, there is immense variability in age-related decline of oocytes' quantity, developmental competence, or quality. Herein, the relevance of obesity and DNA-methylation will be discussed as these aspects have a tremendous effect on female fertility, and it is a topic of continuous and widespread interest that has yet to be fully addressed for the mammalian oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Kordowitzki
- Department of Preclinical and Basic Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
| | - Szymon Graczyk
- Department of Preclinical and Basic Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
| | - Amin Haghani
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Klutstein M, Gonen N. Epigenetic aging of mammalian gametes. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:785-803. [PMID: 37997675 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The process of aging refers to physiological changes that occur to an organism as time progresses and involves changes to DNA, proteins, metabolism, cells, and organs. Like the rest of the cells in the body, gametes age, and it is well established that there is a decline in reproductive capabilities in females and males with aging. One of the major pathways known to be involved in aging is epigenetic changes. The epigenome is the multitude of chemical modifications performed on DNA and chromatin that affect the ability of chromatin to be transcribed. In this review, we explore the effects of aging on female and male gametes with a focus on the epigenetic changes that occur in gametes throughout aging. Quality decline in oocytes occurs at a relatively early age. Epigenetic changes constitute an important part of oocyte aging. DNA methylation is reduced with age, along with reduced expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Histone deacetylases (HDAC) expression is also reduced, and a loss of heterochromatin marks occurs with age. As a consequence of heterochromatin loss, retrotransposon expression is elevated, and aged oocytes suffer from DNA damage. In sperm, aging affects sperm number, motility and fecundity, and epigenetic changes may constitute a part of this process. 5 methyl-cytosine (5mC) methylation is elevated in sperm from aged men, but methylation on Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE) elements is reduced. Di and trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2/3) is reduced in sperm from aged men and trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is elevated. The protamine makeup of sperm from aged men is also changed, with reduced protamine expression and a misbalanced ratio between protamine proteins protamine P1 and protamine P2. The study of epigenetic reproductive aging is recently gaining interest. The current status of the field suggests that many aspects of gamete epigenetic aging are still open for investigation. The clinical applications of these investigations have far-reaching consequences for fertility and sociological human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nitzan Gonen
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Wasserzug-Pash P, Klutstein M. Epigenetic aging in oocytes. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7334-7335. [PMID: 37552096 PMCID: PMC10457075 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peera Wasserzug-Pash
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
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Aldwaik RK, Shian D, Thapa R, Vasudevan S, Ashqar MAA, Reich E, Kravchenko-Balasha N, Klutstein M. Overexpressed kinetochore genes are used by cancer cells as genome destabilizers and transformation catalysts. Transl Oncol 2023; 34:101703. [PMID: 37295219 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have an altered transcriptome, which contributes to their abnormal behavior. Many tumors have high levels of kinetochore genes, which play important roles in genome stability. This overexpression could be utilized to destabilize cancer cell genomes, however this has not been proven specifically. We investigated the link between kinetochore gene overexpression, chromosomal number variations (CNVs) and genomic instability. Data on RNA expression and CNV from 12 different cancer types were evaluated using information theory. In all cancer types, we looked at the relationship between RNA expression and CNVs. Kinetochore gene expression was found to be substantially linked with CNV levels. In all cancer types, with the exception of thyroid cancer, highly expressed kinetochore genes were enriched in the most dominant cancer-specific co-expression subnetworks characterizing the largest patient subgroups. Except for thyroid cancer, kinetochore inner protein CENPA was among the transcripts most strongly associated with CNV values in all cancer types studied, with significantly higher expression levels in patients with high CNVs than in patients with low CNVs. CENPA function was investigated further in cell models by transfecting genomically stable (HCT116) and unstable (MCF7 and HT29) cancer cell lines using CENPA overexpression vectors. This overexpression increased the number of abnormal cell divisions in the stable cancer cell line HCT116 and, to a lesser extent, in the unstable cell lines MCF7 and HT29. Overexpression improved anchorage-independent growth properties of all cell lines. Our findings suggest that overexpression of kinetochore genes in general, and CENPA in particular, can cause genomic instability and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Kamal Aldwaik
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Denen Shian
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Roshina Thapa
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Swetha Vasudevan
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Mimi Abo-Ayoub Ashqar
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Eli Reich
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Nataly Kravchenko-Balasha
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Michael Klutstein
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Wasserzug Pash P, Karavani G, Reich E, Zecharyahu L, Kay Z, Bauman D, Mordechai-Daniel T, Imbar T, Klutstein M. Pre-pubertal oocytes harbor altered histone modifications and chromatin configuration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1060440. [PMID: 36704200 PMCID: PMC9871384 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1060440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-pubertal oocytes are still dormant. They are arrested in a GV state and do not undergo meiotic divisions naturally. A multitude of molecular pathways are changed and triggered upon initiation of puberty. It is not yet clear which epigenetic events occur in oocytes upon pubertal transition, and how significant these epigenetic events may be. We evaluated epigenetic marker levels in mouse pre-pubertal and post-pubertal female oocytes. In addition, we evaluated H3K9me2 levels in human oocytes collected from fertility preservation patients, comparing the levels between pre-pubertal patients and post-pubertal patients. The chromatin structure shows a lower number of chromocenters in mouse post-pubertal oocytes in comparison to pre-pubertal oocytes. All heterochromatin marker levels checked (H3K9me2, H3K27me3, H4K20me1) significantly rise across the pubertal transition. Euchromatin markers vary in their behavior. While H3K4me3 levels rise with the pubertal transition, H3K27Ac levels decrease with the pubertal transition. Treatment with SRT1720 [histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator] or overexpression of heterochromatin factors does not lead to increased heterochromatin in pre-pubertal oocytes. However, treatment of pre-pubertal oocytes with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for 24 h - changes their chromatin structure to a post-pubertal configuration, lowers the number of chromocenters and elevates their histone methylation levels, showing that hormones play a key role in chromatin regulation of pubertal transition. Our work shows that pubertal transition leads to reorganization of oocyte chromatin and elevation of histone methylation levels, thus advancing oocyte developmental phenotype. These results provide the basis for finding conditions for in-vitro maturation of pre-pubertal oocytes, mainly needed to artificially mature oocytes of young cancer survivors for fertility preservation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pe’era Wasserzug Pash
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Karavani
- Fertility Preservation Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Reich
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lital Zecharyahu
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zehava Kay
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dvora Bauman
- Fertility Preservation Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Talya Mordechai-Daniel
- Fertility Preservation Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Imbar
- Fertility Preservation Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel,*Correspondence: Tal Imbar, ; Michael Klutstein,
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel,*Correspondence: Tal Imbar, ; Michael Klutstein,
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7
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Haviv Y, Merimsky B, Kay Z, Sharav Y, Czerninski R, Brotman Y, Klutstein M, Aframian DJ. Topical tretinoin treatment for burning mouth syndrome: a pilot study. Quintessence Int 2022; 53:860-867. [PMID: 35976748 DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.b3315031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Burning mouth syndrome is an intraoral chronic pain condition characterized by a moderate to severe sensation of burning from the oral mucosa. No clinical signs are found and there is no efficient treatment. METHOD AND MATERIALS This pilot study included 10 women that were resistant to other previous treatments or noncompliant to systemic medications. Patients were asked to apply tretinoin gel 0.05% on their tongues twice daily for 14 days. Treatment effectiveness was assessed by completing a pre-study psychologic questionnaire and recording a daily wellbeing and pain log. RESULTS Significant pain-score decrease in 50% of the patients (delta numerical rating score -3.15 ± 3.02, P value = .005) was recorded. This finding was in concordance with the verbal statements including major quality-of-life improvement (P value = .05), without any treatment positive or negative predictive factors. CONCLUSIONS Topical tretinoin exhibits potential efficacy in patients with treatment resistant burning mouth syndrome and may also be used as a primary treatment modality.
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Brieño-Enriquez MA, Duncan FE, Ghazi A, Klutstein M, Sebastiano V, Tyler J. Editorial: Germ cell development and reproductive aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1051539. [PMID: 36313559 PMCID: PMC9597615 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1051539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Brieño-Enriquez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Miguel Angel Brieño-Enriquez, ,
| | - Francesca E. Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Arjumand Ghazi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Developmental Biology and Cell Biology, and Physiology, John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vittorio Sebastiano
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Tyler
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Wasserzug‐Pash P, Rothman R, Reich E, Zecharyahu L, Schonberger O, Weiss Y, Srebnik N, Cohen‐Hadad Y, Weintraub A, Ben‐Ami I, Holzer H, Klutstein M. Loss of heterochromatin and retrotransposon silencing as determinants in oocyte aging. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13568. [PMID: 35166017 PMCID: PMC8920445 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocyte quality reduces with age. We show that prior to the occurrence of significant aneuploidy (9M in mouse), heterochromatin histone marks are lost, and oocyte maturation is impaired. This loss occurs in both constitutive and facultative heterochromatin marks but not in euchromatic active marks. We show that heterochromatin loss with age also occurs in human prophase I-arrested oocytes. Moreover, heterochromatin loss is accompanied in mouse oocytes by an increase in RNA processing and associated with an elevation in L1 and IAP retrotransposon expression and in DNA damage and DNA repair proteins nuclear localization. Artificial inhibition of the heterochromatin machinery in young oocytes causes an elevation in retrotransposon expression and oocyte maturation defects. Inhibiting retrotransposon reverse-transcriptase through azidothymidine (AZT) treatment in older oocytes partially rescues their maturation defects and activity of the DNA repair machinery. Moreover, activating the heterochromatin machinery via treatment with the SIRT1 activating molecule SRT-1720, or overexpression of Sirt1 or Ezh2 via plasmid electroporation into older oocytes causes an upregulation in constitutive heterochromatin, downregulation of retrotransposon expression, and elevated maturation rates. Collectively, our work demonstrates a significant process in oocyte aging, characterized by the loss of heterochromatin-associated chromatin marks and activation of specific retrotransposons, which cause DNA damage and impair oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peera Wasserzug‐Pash
- Institute of Dental SciencesFaculty of Dental MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Rachel Rothman
- Institute of Dental SciencesFaculty of Dental MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Eli Reich
- Institute of Dental SciencesFaculty of Dental MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Lital Zecharyahu
- Institute of Dental SciencesFaculty of Dental MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Oshrat Schonberger
- IVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyShaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yifat Weiss
- IVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyShaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Naama Srebnik
- IVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyShaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yaara Cohen‐Hadad
- IVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyShaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Amir Weintraub
- IVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyShaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ido Ben‐Ami
- IVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyShaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Hananel Holzer
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterKiryat HadassahJerusalemIsrael
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Dental SciencesFaculty of Dental MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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Karavani G, Pash PW, Mordechai-Daniel T, Bauman D, Klutstein M, Imbar T. THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF IMMATURE OOCYTES FROM FERTILITY PRESERVATION PROCEDURES AND THEIR IN-VITRO MATURATION AT DIFFERENT AGES. Fertil Steril 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Karavani G, Wasserzug-Pash P, Mordechai-Daniel T, Klutstein M, Imbar T. P–431 Human oocytes in-vitro maturation efficacy from infancy to adulthood – is there an optimal age? Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does human oocytes in-vitro maturation (IVM) effectiveness change throughout childhood, adolescence and adulthood in girls and women undergoing fertility preservation via ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) prior to chemo-radiotherapy exposure?
Summary answer
The optimal age for IVM is from menarche to 25 years, while pre-menarche girls and women older than 30 years have extremely low maturation rates.
What is known already
In vitro maturation of oocytes from antral follicles seen during tissue harvesting is a fertility preservation technique with potential advantages over OTC, as mature frozen and later thawed oocyte used for fertilization poses decreased risk of malignant cells re-seeding, as compared to ovarian tissue implantation. We previously demonstrated that IVM performed following OTC in fertility preservation patients, even in pre-menarche girls, yields a fair amount of oocytes available for IVM and freezing for future use.
Study design, size, duration
A retrospective cohort study, evaluating IVM outcomes in chemotherapy naïve patients referred for fertility preservation by OTC that had oocyte collected from the medium with attempted IVM between 2003 and 2020 in a university affiliated tertiary center.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
A total of 133 chemotherapy naïve patients aged 1–35 years with attempted IVM were included in the study. The primary outcome was IVM rate in the different age groups – pre-menarche (1–5 years and ≥6 years), post-menarche (menarche–17 years), young adults (18–24 years) and adults (25–29 and 30–35 years). Comparison between paired groups for significant difference in the IVM rate parameter was done using the Tukey’s Studentized Range (HSD) Test.
Main results and the role of chance
A gradual increase in mean IVM rate was demonstrated in the age groups over 1 to 25 years (4.6% (1–5 years), 23.8% (6 years to menarche) and 28.4% (menarche to 17 years), with a peak of 38.3% in the 18–24 years group, followed by a decrease in the 25–29 years group (19.3%), down to a very low IVM rate (8.9%) in the 30–35 years group. A significant difference in IVM rates was noted between the age extremes – the very young (1–5 years) and the oldest (30–35 years) groups, as compared with the 18–24-year group (p < 0.001). Number of oocytes matured, percent of patients with matured oocytes and overall maturation rate differed significantly (p < 0.001).
Limitations, reasons for caution
Data regarding ovarian reserve evaluation was not available for most of the patients, due to our pre-op OTC procedures protocol. None of our patients have used their frozen in-vitro matured oocytes, as such further implications of age on in-vitro matured oocytes quality and implantation potential has yet to be evaluated.
Wider implications of the findings: Our finding of extremely low success rates in those very young (under 6 years) and older (≥30 years) patients suggest that IVM of oocyte retrieved during OTC prior to chemotherapy should not be attempted in these age group.
Trial registration number
N/A
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Affiliation(s)
- G Karavani
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical center, Obstetrics and Gynecologyresident, jerusalem, Israel
| | - P Wasserzug-Pash
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - T Mordechai-Daniel
- Hadassah Medical Center -Hebrew University of Jerusalem- Jerusalem- Israel., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Klutstein
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute of Dental Sciences- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - T Imbar
- Hadassah Medical Center -Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Fertility Preservation Service, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
Numerous observations demonstrate that microorganisms can survive very long periods of nutrient deprivation and starvation. Moreover, it is evident that prolonged periods of starvation are a feature of many habitats, and many cells in all kingdoms of life are found in prolonged starvation conditions. Bacteria exhibit a range of responses to long-term starvation. These include genetic adaptations such as the long-term stationary phase and the growth advantage in stationary phase phenotypes characterized by mutations in stress-signaling genes and elevated mutation rates. Here, we suggest using the term "endurance of prolonged nutrient prevention" (EPNP phase), to describe this phase, which was also recently described in eukaryotes. Here, we review this literature and describe the current knowledge about the adaptations to very long-term starvation conditions in bacteria and eukaryotes, its conceptual and structural conservation across all kingdoms of life, and point out possible directions that merit further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Hazan
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Miriam Schoemann
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
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Karavani G, Wasserzug-Pash P, Mordechai-Daniel T, Bauman D, Klutstein M, Imbar T. Age-Dependent in vitro Maturation Efficacy of Human Oocytes - Is There an Optimal Age? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667682. [PMID: 34222236 PMCID: PMC8250136 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro maturation of oocytes from antral follicles seen during tissue harvesting is a fertility preservation technique with potential advantages over ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC), as mature frozen and later thawed oocyte used for fertilization poses decreased risk of malignant cells re-seeding, as compared to ovarian tissue implantation. We previously demonstrated that in vitro maturation (IVM) performed following OTC in fertility preservation patients, even in pre-menarche girls, yields a fair amount of oocytes available for IVM and freezing for future use. We conducted a retrospective cohort study, evaluating IVM outcomes in chemotherapy naïve patients referred for fertility preservation by OTC that had oocyte collected from the medium with attempted IVM. A total of 133 chemotherapy naïve patients aged 1-35 years were included in the study. The primary outcome was IVM rate in the different age groups - pre-menarche (1-5 and ≥6 years), post-menarche (menarche-17 years), young adults (18-24 years) and adults (25-29 and 30-35 years). We demonstrate a gradual increase in mean IVM rate in the age groups from 1 to 25 years [4.6% (1-5 years), 23.8% (6 years to menarche), and 28.4% (menarche to 17 years)], with a peak of 38.3% in the 18-24 years group, followed by a decrease in the 25-29 years group (19.3%), down to a very low IVM rate (8.9%) in the 30-35 years group. A significant difference in IVM rates was noted between the age extremes - the very young (1-5 years) and the oldest (30-35 years) groups, as compared with the 18-24-year group (p < 0.001). Importantly, number of oocytes matured, percent of patients with matured oocytes, and overall maturation rate differed significantly (p < 0.001). Our finding of extremely low success rates in those very young (under 6 years) and older (≥30 years) patients suggests that oocytes retrieved during OTC prior to chemotherapy have an optimal window of age that shows higher success rates, suggesting that oocytes may have an inherent tendency toward better maturation in those age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Karavani
- Fertility Preservation Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Peera Wasserzug-Pash
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Talya Mordechai-Daniel
- Fertility Preservation Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dvora Bauman
- Fertility Preservation Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Imbar
- Fertility Preservation Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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Hou H, Kyriacou E, Thadani R, Klutstein M, Chapman JH, Cooper JP. Centromeres are dismantled by foundational meiotic proteins Spo11 and Rec8. Nature 2021; 591:671-676. [PMID: 33658710 PMCID: PMC8843027 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic processes are potentially dangerous to genome stability and could be disastrous if activated in proliferative cells. Here we show that two key meiosis-defining proteins, the topoisomerase Spo11 (which forms double-strand breaks) and the meiotic cohesin Rec8, can dismantle centromeres. This dismantlement is normally observable only in mutant cells that lack the telomere bouquet, which provides a nuclear microdomain conducive to centromere reassembly1; however, overexpression of Spo11 or Rec8 leads to levels of centromere dismantlement that cannot be countered by the bouquet. Specific nucleosome remodelling factors mediate centromere dismantlement by Spo11 and Rec8. Ectopic expression of either protein in proliferating cells leads to the loss of mitotic kinetochores in both fission yeast and human cells. Hence, while centromeric chromatin has been characterized as extraordinarily stable, Spo11 and Rec8 challenge this stability and may jeopardize kinetochores in cancers that express meiotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitong Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E. 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, Phone 303-724-3203,Former address: Telomere Biology Laboratory, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892,Co-corresponding authors: ;
| | - Eftychia Kyriacou
- Former address: Telomere Biology Laboratory, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892,Current address: Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rahul Thadani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E. 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, Phone 303-724-3203,Former address: Telomere Biology Laboratory, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Chromatin and Aging Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem PO 12272, Israel 91120
| | - Joseph H. Chapman
- Former address: Telomere Biology Laboratory, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892,Current address: Single Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH
| | - Julia Promisel Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E. 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, Phone 303-724-3203,Former address: Telomere Biology Laboratory, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892,Co-corresponding authors: ;
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15
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Klutstein M. Cause and effect in epigenetics - where lies the truth, and how can experiments reveal it?: Epigenetic self-reinforcing loops obscure causation in cancer and aging. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000262. [PMID: 33236359 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are implicated in aging and cancer. Sometimes, it is clear whether the causing agent of the condition is a genetic factor or epigenetic. In other cases, the causative factor is unclear, and could be either genetic or epigenetic. Is there a general role for epigenetic changes in cancer and aging? Here, I present the paradigm of causative roles executed by epigenetic changes. I discuss cases with clear roles of the epigenome in cancer and aging, and other cases showing involvement of other factors. I also present the possibility that sometimes causality is difficult to assign because of the presence of self-reinforcing loops in epigenetic regulation. Such loops hinder the identification of the causative factor. I provide an experimental framework by which the role of the epigenome can be examined in a better setting and where the presence of such loops could be investigated in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Abed J, Maalouf N, Manson AL, Earl AM, Parhi L, Emgård JEM, Klutstein M, Tayeb S, Almogy G, Atlan KA, Chaushu S, Israeli E, Mandelboim O, Garrett WS, Bachrach G. Colon Cancer-Associated Fusobacterium nucleatum May Originate From the Oral Cavity and Reach Colon Tumors via the Circulatory System. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:400. [PMID: 32850497 PMCID: PMC7426652 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral bacterium that is enriched in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas (CRC). In humans, high fusobacterial CRC abundance is associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. In animal models, fusobacteria accelerate CRC progression. Targeting F. nucleatum may reduce fusobacteria cancer progression and therefore determining the origin of CRC F. nucleatum and the route by which it reaches colon tumors is of biologic and therapeutic importance. Arbitrarily primed PCR performed previously on matched same-patients CRC and saliva F. nucleatum isolates, suggested that CRC F. nucleatum may originate from the oral cavity. However, the origin of CRC fusobacteria as well as the route of their arrival to the tumor have not been well-established. Herein, we performed and analyzed whole genome sequencing of paired, same-patient oral, and CRC F. nucleatum isolates and confirmed that CRC-fusobacteria originate from the oral microbial reservoir. Oral fusobacteria may translocate to CRC by descending via the digestive tract or using the hematogenous route during frequent transient bacteremia caused by chewing, daily hygiene activities, or dental procedures. Using the orthotropic CT26 mouse model we previously showed that IV injected F. nucleatum colonize CRC. Here, we compared CRC colonization by gavage vs. intravenous inoculated F. nucleatum in the MC38 and CT26 mouse orthotropic CRC models. Under the tested conditions, hematogenous fusobacteria were more successful in CRC colonization than gavaged ones. Our results therefore provide evidence that the hematogenous route may be the preferred way by which oral fusobacteria reach colon tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Abed
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Orthodontics, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naseem Maalouf
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abigail L Manson
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ashlee M Earl
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lishay Parhi
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Johanna E M Emgård
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Klutstein
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shay Tayeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gideon Almogy
- Department of General Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karine A Atlan
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stella Chaushu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eran Israeli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Infectious Disease & Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gilad Bachrach
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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Aouizerat T, Maeir AM, Paz Y, Gadot Y, Szitenberg A, Alkalay-Oren S, Coppenhagen-Glazer S, Klutstein M, Hazan R. Isolation and Characterization of Live Yeast Cells from Ancient Clay Vessels. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3473. [PMID: 33654708 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancient fermented food has been studied mainly based on residue analysis and recipes and reconstruction attempts were performed using modern domesticated yeast. Furthermore, microorganisms which participated in fermentation were studied using ancient-DNA techniques. In a recent paper, we presented a novel approach based on the hypothesis that enriched yeast populations in fermented beverages could have become the dominant species in storage vessels and their descendants could be isolated and studied today. Here we present a pipeline for isolation of yeast from clay vessels uncovered in archeological sites and transferred to the microbiology lab where they can be isolated and characterized. This method opens new avenues for experimental archeology and enables attempts to recreate ancient food and beverages using the original microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzemach Aouizerat
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aren M Maeir
- Tell es-Safi/Gath Archaeological Project, The Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel and Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Paz
- Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Amir Szitenberg
- Microbial Metagenomics Division, Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada, Israel
| | - Sivan Alkalay-Oren
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shunit Coppenhagen-Glazer
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronen Hazan
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Aouizerat T, Gelman D, Szitenberg A, Gutman I, Glazer S, Reich E, Schoemann M, Kaplan R, Saragovi A, Hazan R, Klutstein M. Eukaryotic Adaptation to Years-Long Starvation Resembles that of Bacteria. iScience 2019; 19:545-558. [PMID: 31470363 PMCID: PMC6722386 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Growth Advantage in Stationary Phase (GASP) phenomenon, described in bacteria, reflects the genetic adaptation of bacteria to stress, including starvation, for a long time. Unlike in stationary phase where no cell division occurs, GASP harbors active cell division, concurrent with genetic adaptation. Here we show that GASP occurs also in eukaryotes. Two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc404 and Sc424) have been isolated from 2-year-old sealed bottles of beer. These strains presented advantage in survival and growth over the parent during stress. The differences between the strains are irreversible and therefore genetic in origin rather than epigenetic. Direct competition assays show that Sc404 and Sc424 outcompete the parent in direct competition. DNA sequencing shows changes of the genome: the TOR complexes are mutated, and DNA repair gene mutations confer a mutator phenotype. The differences between the strains are reflected in a difference in taste between beers brewed from them. Yeast genetically adapts to long-term starvation in a similar way to bacteria Adaptation to long-term starvation in yeast includes multi-stress tolerance Adaptation to long-term starvation in yeast includes mutations in TORC Adaptation to long-term starvation in yeast includes a mutator phenotype
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzemach Aouizerat
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Daniel Gelman
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Amir Szitenberg
- Microbial and Metagenomics Division, Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada 8698000, Israel
| | - Itay Gutman
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Shunit Glazer
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Eli Reich
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Miriam Schoemann
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Rachel Kaplan
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Amijai Saragovi
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Ronen Hazan
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12272, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
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19
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Abstract
The mechanisms involved in local induced inflammation can be studied using several available animal models. One of these is the induction of apical periodontitis (AP). Apical periodontitis is a common pathology of an inflammatory nature in the periodontal tissues surrounding the tooth root. In order to better understand the nature and mechanism of this pathology it is advantageous to perform the procedure in mice. The induction of this odontogenic inflammation is achieved by drilling into the mouse tooth until the dental pulp is exposed. Next, the tooth pulp remains exposed to be contaminated by the natural oral flora over time, causing apical periodontitis. After this time period, the animal is sacrificed, and the tooth and the jaw bone can be analyzed in various ways. Typical analyses include micro-CT imaging (to evaluate bone resorption), histological staining, immunohistochemistry, and RNA expression. This protocol is useful for research in the field of oral biology to better understand this inflammatory process in an in vivo experimental setting with uniform conditions. The procedure requires a careful handling of the mice and the isolated jaw, and a visual demonstration of the technique is useful. All technical aspects of the procedures leading to induced apical periodontitis and its characterization in a mouse model are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisheva Goldman
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Department of Endodontics, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center
| | - Eli Reich
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | | | - Michael Klutstein
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem;
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20
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Kaminski Strauss S, Schirman D, Jona G, Brooks AN, Kunjapur AM, Nguyen Ba AN, Flint A, Solt A, Mershin A, Dixit A, Yona AH, Csörgő B, Busby BP, Hennig BP, Pál C, Schraivogel D, Schultz D, Wernick DG, Agashe D, Levi D, Zabezhinsky D, Russ D, Sass E, Tamar E, Herz E, Levy ED, Church GM, Yelin I, Nachman I, Gerst JE, Georgeson JM, Adamala KP, Steinmetz LM, Rübsam M, Ralser M, Klutstein M, Desai MM, Walunjkar N, Yin N, Aharon Hefetz N, Jakimo N, Snitser O, Adini O, Kumar P, Soo Hoo Smith R, Zeidan R, Hazan R, Rak R, Kishony R, Johnson S, Nouriel S, Vonesch SC, Foster S, Dagan T, Wein T, Karydis T, Wannier TM, Stiles T, Olin-Sandoval V, Mueller WF, Bar-On YM, Dahan O, Pilpel Y. Evolthon: A community endeavor to evolve lab evolution. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000182. [PMID: 30925180 PMCID: PMC6440615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In experimental evolution, scientists evolve organisms in the lab, typically by challenging them to new environmental conditions. How best to evolve a desired trait? Should the challenge be applied abruptly, gradually, periodically, sporadically? Should one apply chemical mutagenesis, and do strains with high innate mutation rate evolve faster? What are ideal population sizes of evolving populations? There are endless strategies, beyond those that can be exposed by individual labs. We therefore arranged a community challenge, Evolthon, in which students and scientists from different labs were asked to evolve Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae for an abiotic stress—low temperature. About 30 participants from around the world explored diverse environmental and genetic regimes of evolution. After a period of evolution in each lab, all strains of each species were competed with one another. In yeast, the most successful strategies were those that used mating, underscoring the importance of sex in evolution. In bacteria, the fittest strain used a strategy based on exploration of different mutation rates. Different strategies displayed variable levels of performance and stability across additional challenges and conditions. This study therefore uncovers principles of effective experimental evolutionary regimens and might prove useful also for biotechnological developments of new strains and for understanding natural strategies in evolutionary arms races between species. Evolthon constitutes a model for community-based scientific exploration that encourages creativity and cooperation. This Community Page article describes Evolthon; a first-of-its-kind community-based effort, involving about 30 participant labs around the world, aiming to explore the best strategy for evolving microorganisms to cope with an environmental challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dvir Schirman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ghil Jona
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aaron N. Brooks
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aditya M. Kunjapur
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alex N. Nguyen Ba
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alice Flint
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andras Solt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Mershin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Bits and Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Atray Dixit
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Avihu H. Yona
- Physics of Living Systems, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bálint Csörgő
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bede Phillip Busby
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bianca P. Hennig
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Csaba Pál
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Daniel Schraivogel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schultz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - David G. Wernick
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Deepa Agashe
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Dikla Levi
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dmitry Zabezhinsky
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dor Russ
- Faculty of Biology, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ehud Sass
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Einat Tamar
- Faculty of Biology, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elad Herz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Emmanuel D. Levy
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - George M. Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Idan Yelin
- Faculty of Biology, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Iftach Nachman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jeffrey E. Gerst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joseph M. Georgeson
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Lars M. Steinmetz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Marc Rübsam
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Molecular Biology of Metabolism laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, Charitè University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael M. Desai
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Ning Yin
- Faculty of Biology, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noa Aharon Hefetz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noah Jakimo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Bits and Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Olga Snitser
- Faculty of Biology, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Omri Adini
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Soo Hoo Smith
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Bits and Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Razi Zeidan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronen Hazan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roni Rak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roy Kishony
- Faculty of Biology, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Faculty of Computer Science, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shannon Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Bits and Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard University Extension School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shira Nouriel
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sibylle C. Vonesch
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simmie Foster
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tal Dagan
- Institute of Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tanita Wein
- Institute of Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thrasyvoulos Karydis
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Bits and Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. Wannier
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Timothy Stiles
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Bits and Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- BosLab, Somerville, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Viridiana Olin-Sandoval
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - William F. Mueller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yinon M. Bar-On
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orna Dahan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Pilpel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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21
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Klein J, Farkash R, Raviv Abeles N, Karawan A, Kirschner A, Mizrachi Z, Aran R, Balkin J, Klutstein M, Tzivoni D, Weisz G. P4911Cardiac rehabilitation: referral, participation, and mortality following elective PCI. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p4911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
DNA methylation is known to be abnormal in all forms of cancer, but it is not really understood how this occurs and what is its role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we take a wide view of this problem by analyzing the strategies involved in setting up normal DNA methylation patterns and understanding how this stable epigenetic mark works to prevent gene activation during development. Aberrant DNA methylation in cancer can be generated either prior to or following cell transformation through mutations. Increasing evidence suggests, however, that most methylation changes are generated in a programmed manner and occur in a subpopulation of tissue cells during normal aging, probably predisposing them for tumorigenesis. It is likely that this methylation contributes to the tumor state by inhibiting the plasticity of cell differentiation processes. Cancer Res; 76(12); 3446-50. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klutstein
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Deborah Nejman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Razi Greenfield
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Howard Cedar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Weitsman T, Weisz G, Farkash R, Meerkin D, Klutstein M, Butnaru A, Rosenmann D, Hasin T. Left Heart Disease Is Prevalent Among Patients With Echocardiographically Determined Pulmonary Hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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24
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Klutstein M, Fennell A, Fernández-Álvarez A, Cooper JP. The telomere bouquet regulates meiotic centromere assembly. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:458-69. [PMID: 25774833 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of the conserved meiotic telomere bouquet has been enigmatic for over a century. We showed previously that disruption of the fission yeast bouquet impairs spindle formation in approximately half of meiotic cells. Surprisingly, bouquet-deficient meiocytes with functional spindles harbour chromosomes that fail to achieve spindle attachment. Kinetochore proteins and the centromeric histone H3 variant Cnp1 fail to localize to those centromeres that exhibit spindle attachment defects in the bouquet's absence. The HP1 orthologue Swi6 also fails to bind these centromeres, suggesting that compromised pericentromeric heterochromatin underlies the kinetochore defects. We find that centromeres are prone to disassembly during meiosis, but this is reversed by localization of centromeres to the telomere-proximal microenvironment, which is conducive to heterochromatin formation and centromere reassembly. Accordingly, artificially tethering a centromere to a telomere rescues the tethered centromere but not other centromeres. These results reveal an unanticipated level of control of centromeres by telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klutstein
- 1] National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA [2] Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Alex Fennell
- 1] National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA [2] Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Alfonso Fernández-Álvarez
- 1] National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA [2] Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Julia Promisel Cooper
- 1] National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA [2] Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
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25
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Klutstein M, Cooper JP. The Chromosomal Courtship Dance-homolog pairing in early meiosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 26:123-31. [PMID: 24529254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The intermingling of genomes that characterizes sexual reproduction requires haploid gametes in which parental homologs have recombined. For this, homologs must pair during meiosis. In a crowded nucleus where sequence homology is obscured by the enormous scale and packaging of the genome, partner alignment is no small task. Here we review the early stages of this process. Chromosomes first establish an initial docking site, usually at telomeres or centromeres. The acquisition of chromosome-specific patterns of binding factors facilitates homolog recognition. Chromosomes are then tethered to the nuclear envelope (NE) and subjected to nuclear movements that 'shake off' inappropriate contacts while consolidating homolog associations. Thereafter, homolog connections are stabilized by building the synaptonemal complex or its equivalent and creating genetic crossovers. Recent perspectives on the roles of these stages will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klutstein
- Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, NIH, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Julia Promisel Cooper
- Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, NIH, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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26
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Jubeh R, Tzivoni D, Moriel M, Klutstein M, Mtour S, Farkash R, Medina A. Patients with NSTEMI have increased QT prolongation as compared to patients with acute coronary syndrome without MI. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht307.p428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Cooper JP, Bez C, Fennell A, Klutstein M, Tomita K. Control of centrosomes and kinetochores by telomeres in meiosis. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.462.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécile Bez
- Telomere Biology LaboratoryCancer Research UKLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alex Fennell
- Telomere Biology LaboratoryCancer Research UKLondonUnited Kingdom
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28
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Klutstein M, Siegfried Z, Gispan A, Farkash-Amar S, Zinman G, Bar-Joseph Z, Simchen G, Simon I. Combination of genomic approaches with functional genetic experiments reveals two modes of repression of yeast middle-phase meiosis genes. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:478. [PMID: 20716365 PMCID: PMC3091674 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regulation of meiosis and sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model for a highly regulated developmental process. Meiosis middle phase transcriptional regulation is governed by two transcription factors: the activator Ndt80 and the repressor Sum1. It has been suggested that the competition between Ndt80 and Sum1 determines the temporal expression of their targets during middle meiosis. Results Using a combination of ChIP-on-chip and expression profiling, we characterized a middle phase transcriptional network and studied the relationship between Ndt80 and Sum1 during middle and late meiosis. While finding a group of genes regulated by both factors in a feed forward loop regulatory motif, our data also revealed a large group of genes regulated solely by Ndt80. Measuring the expression of all Ndt80 target genes in various genetic backgrounds (WT, sum1Δ and MK-ER-Ndt80 strains), allowed us to dissect the exact transcriptional network regulating each gene, which was frequently different than the one inferred from the binding data alone. Conclusion These results highlight the need to perform detailed genetic experiments to determine the relative contribution of interactions in transcriptional regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klutstein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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29
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Shi Y, Klutstein M, Simon I, Mitchell T, Bar-Joseph Z. A combined expression-interaction model for inferring the temporal activity of transcription factors. J Comput Biol 2009; 16:1035-49. [PMID: 19630541 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2009.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods suggested for reconstructing regulatory networks can be divided into two sets based on how the activity level of transcription factors (TFs) is inferred. The first group of methods relies on the expression levels of TFs, assuming that the activity of a TF is highly correlated with its mRNA abundance. The second treats the activity level as unobserved and infers it from the expression of the genes that the TF regulates. While both types of methods were successfully applied, each suffers from drawbacks that limit their accuracy. For the first set, the assumption that mRNA levels are correlated with activity is violated for many TFs due to post-transcriptional modifications. For the second, the expression level of a TF which might be informative is completely ignored. Here we present the post-transcriptional modification model (PTMM) that, unlike previous methods, utilizes both sources of data concurrently. Our method uses a switching model to determine whether a TF is transcriptionally or post-transcriptionally regulated. This model is combined with a factorial HMM to reconstruct the interactions in a dynamic regulatory network. Using simulated and real data, we show that PTMM outperforms the other two approaches discussed above. Using real data, we also show that PTMM can recover meaningful TF activity levels and identify post-transcriptionally modified TFs, many of which are supported by other sources. Supporting website: www.sb.cs.cmu.edu/PTMM/PTMM.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Shi
- Machine Learning Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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30
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Klutstein M, Xaver M, Shemesh R, Zenvirth D, Klein F, Simchen G. Separation of roles of Zip1 in meiosis revealed in heterozygous mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Genet Genomics 2009; 282:453-62. [PMID: 19714362 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-009-0477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synapsis of homologs during meiotic prophase I is associated with a protein complex built along the bivalents--the synaptonemal complex (SC). Mutations in the SC-component gene ZIP1 diminish SC formation, leading to reduced recombination levels and low spore viability. Here we show that in SK1 strains heterozygous for a deletion of ZIP1 in certain regions meiotic interference are impaired with no decrease in recombination levels. The extent of synapsis is over all reduced and NDJ levels of a large endogenous chromosome and of artificial chromosomes (YACs) rise to twice the level of wild type strains. A substantial proportion of mis-segregating YACs had undergone crossing over. This demonstrates that different functions of Zip1 display differential sensitivities to changes in expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klutstein
- Department of Genetics, The Hebrew University, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel.
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31
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Gitter A, Siegfried Z, Klutstein M, Fornes O, Oliva B, Simon I, Bar-Joseph Z. Backup in gene regulatory networks explains differences between binding and knockout results. Mol Syst Biol 2009; 5:276. [PMID: 19536199 PMCID: PMC2710864 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2009.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The complementarity of gene expression and protein–DNA interaction data led to several successful models of biological systems. However, recent studies in multiple species raise doubts about the relationship between these two datasets. These studies show that the overwhelming majority of genes bound by a particular transcription factor (TF) are not affected when that factor is knocked out. Here, we show that this surprising result can be partially explained by considering the broader cellular context in which TFs operate. Factors whose functions are not backed up by redundant paralogs show a fourfold increase in the agreement between their bound targets and the expression levels of those targets. In addition, we show that incorporating protein interaction networks provides physical explanations for knockout effects. New double knockout experiments support our conclusions. Our results highlight the robustness provided by redundant TFs and indicate that in the context of diverse cellular systems, binding is still largely functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Gitter
- Computer Science Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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32
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Ben-Ari G, Zenvirth D, Sherman A, David L, Klutstein M, Lavi U, Hillel J, Simchen G. Four linked genes participate in controlling sporulation efficiency in budding yeast. PLoS Genet 2006; 2:e195. [PMID: 17112318 PMCID: PMC1636695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative traits are conditioned by several genetic determinants. Since such genes influence many important complex traits in various organisms, the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is of major interest, but still encounters serious difficulties. We detected four linked genes within one QTL, which participate in controlling sporulation efficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Following the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms by comparing the sequences of 145 genes between the parental strains SK1 and S288c, we analyzed the segregating progeny of the cross between them. Through reciprocal hemizygosity analysis, four genes, RAS2, PMS1, SWS2, and FKH2, located in a region of 60 kilobases on Chromosome 14, were found to be associated with sporulation efficiency. Three of the four "high" sporulation alleles are derived from the "low" sporulating strain. Two of these sporulation-related genes were verified through allele replacements. For RAS2, the causative variation was suggested to be a single nucleotide difference in the upstream region of the gene. This quantitative trait nucleotide accounts for sporulation variability among a set of ten closely related winery yeast strains. Our results provide a detailed view of genetic complexity in one "QTL region" that controls a quantitative trait and reports a single nucleotide polymorphism-trait association in wild strains. Moreover, these findings have implications on QTL identification in higher eukaryotes.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Base Sequence
- Crosses, Genetic
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- Diploidy
- Genes, Fungal/genetics
- Microarray Analysis
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Open Reading Frames/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Fungal/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/physiology
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Spores, Fungal/genetics
- Spores, Fungal/physiology
- ras Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Giora Ben-Ari
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Drora Zenvirth
- Department of Genetics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Sherman
- Agricultural Research Organization, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Lior David
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Klutstein
- Department of Genetics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Uri Lavi
- Agricultural Research Organization, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Jossi Hillel
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giora Simchen
- Department of Genetics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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33
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Kornowski R, Klutstein M, Satler LF, Pichard AD, Kent KM, Abizaid A, Mintz GS, Hong MK, Popma JJ, Mehran R, Leon MB. Impact of stents on clinical outcomes in percutaneous left main coronary artery revascularization. Am J Cardiol 1998; 82:32-7. [PMID: 9671005 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite effective treatment of left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease by coronary bypass, there is still need for treatment of the LMCA due to progression of disease or bypass graft failure. We compared the in-hospital and follow-up (1-year) outcomes of patients with LMCA stenosis treated with stents (n = 88), with a matched group of patients undergoing LMCA non-stent procedures (n = 36). Ninety-seven percent of patients in each group underwent previous coronary bypass. Procedural success (angiographic success without major in-hospital complications) tended to be higher in stent patients than in their non-stent counterparts (98% vs 92%, p = 0.12), and overall procedural complications were higher for the non-stent group (5.4% vs 0%, p = 0.03). The incidence of non-Q-wave myocardial infarction was higher in patients with the LMCA treated with stents than in non-stent patients (13% vs 2.7%, p = 0.09). There was no difference in death or Q-wave myocardial infarction between the 2 groups during follow-up. Overall target lesion revascularization at 1 year was 15% after LMCA stenting, and 18% in non-stent patients (p = 0.71). Also, any cardiac event-free survival (including death, Q-wave myocardial infarction, coronary bypass, or angioplasty) was similar for both groups (78% for stents vs 76% for non-stents, p = 0.85). We conclude that in patients undergoing LMCA interventions, stents reduce major hospital complications, but may not significantly reduce repeat revascularization or major cardiac events at 1 year compared with non-stent LMCA procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kornowski
- Catheterization Laboratory and the Cardiology Research Foundation, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
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34
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Tzivoni D, Gilula Z, Klutstein M, Reisin L, Botvin S, Kobrin I. Effect of mibefradil (MIB) on daily ischemic episodes with and without increase in heart rate. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(98)80291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Behar S, Gottlieb S, Hod H, Benari B, Narinsky R, Pauzner H, Rechavia E, Faibel HE, Katz A, Roth A, Goldhammer E, Freedberg NA, Rougin N, Kracoff O, Shapira C, Jafari J, Lotan C, Daka F, Weiss T, Kanetti M, Klutstein M, Rudnik L, Barasch E, Mahul N, Blondheim D. The outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction ineligible for thrombolytic therapy. Israeli Thrombolytic Survey Group. Am J Med 1996; 101:184-91. [PMID: 8757359 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(96)80075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) excluded from thrombolytic therapy on a national basis and to evaluate the prognosis of these patients by reasons of ineligibility and according to the alternative therapies that they received during hospitalization. PATIENTS AND METHODS During a national survey, 1,014 consecutive patients with AMI were hospitalized in all the 25 coronary care units operating in Israel. RESULTS Three hundred and eighty-three patients (38%) were treated with a thrombolytic agent and included in the GUSTO study. Ineligible patients for GUSTO were treated: (1) without any reperfusion therapy (n = 449), (2) by mechanical revascularization (n = 97), or (3) given 1.5 million units of streptokinase (n = 85) outside of the GUSTO protocol. The inhospital and 1-year post-discharge mortality rates were 6% and 2% in patients included in the GUSTO study; 6% and 5% in those mechanically reperfused; 15% and 10% in those treated with thromoblysis despite ineligibility for the GUSTO trial, and 15% and 13% among patients not treated with any reperfusion therapy. CONCLUSIONS Ineligibility for thrombolysis among patients with AMI remains high. Patients ineligible for thrombolysis according to the GUSTO criteria, but nevertheless treated with a thrombolytic agent were exposed to an increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Behar
- Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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36
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Balkin J, Rosenmann D, Ilan M, Klutstein M, Zion MM, Abraham AS. A prospective randomized trial of intravenous magnesium versus intravenous propranolol in acute myocardial infarction. Magnes Res 1994; 7:267-71. [PMID: 7786689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A total of 266 patients entered into a study comparing the effect of intravenous magnesium and propranolol following acute myocardial infarction. Of these, 97 were able to receive either drug and were therefore randomized into the magnesium (n = 51) or propranolol group (n = 46). 88 patients were unable to receive propranolol and formed a third group (NR) while a further 81 patients could not receive either drug and formed a fourth group (N). The study showed that intravenous magnesium was as effective in preventing potentially lethal arrhythmias as propranolol and could be given to some 70 per cent of such patients whereas propranolol could only be given to 36 per cent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Balkin
- Department of Cardiology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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37
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Abraham AS, Balkin J, Rosenmann D, Ilan M, Klutstein M, Zion MM. Long-term follow-up after acute myocardial infarction in patients randomized to treatment with intravenous magnesium or intravenous propranolol in the acute phase. Magnes Res 1994; 7:273-6. [PMID: 7786690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-five patients with acute myocardial infarction were followed up for 6 months to 3 years (mean 25.4 months) in a preliminary study to compare the effects of intravenous magnesium (49 patients) with that of intravenous propranolol (44 patients) given immediately after admission to the intensive care unit. There were four cardiac deaths in the propranolol group and no deaths in the magnesium group (P < 0.046) and 27 per cent of patients who received propranolol subsequently developed cardiac failure as opposed to 12 per cent of those who had received magnesium (P < 0.04). Intravenous magnesium given in the early stages of myocardial infarction reduces the subsequent cardiac death rate possibly by reducing infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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38
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Balkin J, Zion MM, Rosenmann D, Ilan M, Klutstein M, Abraham AS. Progression and regression of coronary artery disease in one year. Quantitative angiographic assessment in patients with stable angina pectoris. Int J Card Imaging 1993; 9:213-7. [PMID: 8106800 DOI: 10.1007/bf01145323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The rate of progression of coronary artery stenoses (CAS) is not clear. Spontaneous regression may also occur. Seventy-one CAS in 25 patients who were enrolled in a study of the effects of chromium on CAS were analysed. Coronary angiography was performed in multiple views and patients randomised to chromium or placebo treatment. Videodensitometric quantitative analysis was performed using a Vanguard XR70 Analyzer. After 1 year all patients were recatheterised. Corresponding frames from identical views were analysed. CAS were assessed with the observers blinded to the initial study results. No differences were found between chromium or placebo and the results have been combined. There was no overall progression of CAS as assessed by % area stenosis (p = 0.65), % diameter stenosis (p = 0.19), stenotic area (p = 0.87), or stenotic diameter (p = 0.99). However, 20% of individual lesions progressed, while 10% regressed, and 70% remained the same. These changes must be taken into account in studies of interventions which may modify the course of coronary atherosclerosis, and if coronary by-pass surgery is to be performed with a 1 year delay after angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Balkin
- Department of Cardiology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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39
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Yinnon AM, Klutstein M, Balkin J. Gonococcal endocarditis: a rare disease. Isr J Med Sci 1988; 24:429-30. [PMID: 3137186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Yinnon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hersch M, Klutstein M, Melzer E. [Blast lung injury]. Harefuah 1987; 112:443-6. [PMID: 3311928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Hershko C, Nesher G, Yinnon AM, Zandman-Goddard G, Klutstein M, Abrahamov A, Alon I, Rudensky B, Isacsohn M. Medical problems in Ethiopian refugees airlifted to Israel: experience in 131 patients admitted to a general hospital. J Trop Med Hyg 1986; 89:107-12. [PMID: 3464761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Within a 2 month period 131 Ethiopian immigrants were admitted for treatment at a general hospital in Jerusalem. There were 52 patients with malaria, 13 with typhoid fever, 24 with pneumonia, seven with tuberculosis, nine with shigella and 11 with campylobacter. Over three-quarters of these patients were anaemic. In the majority of cases anaemia was normocytic and was most probably secondary to malaria and other intercurrent infections. The prevalence of diffuse non-toxic goitre was 7% in children and 19% in adults with a male to female ratio of 4:13. A positive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test was found in 4% of sera tested and a positive HBsAg in 13%. IgG antibodies to HBc antigen were found in 75% of subjects. All patients with infectious diseases responded to therapy and, despite their poor condition at arrival, there were no fatalities and no late sequelae. The high HBsAg carrier state calls attention to the risk of vertical transmission by infected mothers and underlines the need for active immunization of infants at risk. The high prevalence of untreated tuberculosis and malaria poses a potential public health hazard, but with the current systematic screening of this population leading to identification and effective treatment of affected subjects, chances for the practical eradication of malaria and tuberculosis are excellent. Finally, the large scale transfer of a population from rural Africa to a modern and largely urban society presents a unique opportunity for a prospective study of the impact of environment on the emergence of diseases which plague modern society such as diabetes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, hypertension and cancer.
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