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Alobaid AM, Syed W, Al-Rawi MBA. Evaluation of Headache Trends among Undergraduate First Responders for Medical Emergencies at Saudi University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1522. [PMID: 37763644 PMCID: PMC10535480 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective: Headache is more common among students and may be a crucial indication of mental health; it can have a detrimental impact if left untreated, especially on students, and may affect their academic performance. Thus, this study aimed to assess the headache trends among undergraduate first responders for medical emergencies at Saudi University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional study was undertaken over three months in 2023 to analyze headache patterns among emergency medical services (EMS) students using prevalidated questionnaires. The data were collected via convenience sampling and processed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 program (IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The current findings show that the majority 90.6% (n = 164) of the participants had at least one episode of headache in the last week. With regard to the number of days students had a headache during the last week, 21.5% (n = 39) of them reported 2 days, while 18.8% (n = 34) reported 1 day only. About slightly less than half (48.6% (n = 88)) of students reported that the usual site of the headache was frontal, followed by temporal 27.1% (n = 49), and 23.3% (n = 42) reported orbital. When students were asked whether a headache aggravates their routine activity, 40.3% agreed with this statement, and 44.2% of students reported that a headache causes them to avoid their routine activity (reading writing, attending college). The majority of the students considered taking analgesics (60.8%), followed by sleeping (26.5%), caffeine (14.4%), and herbal and alternative remedies (7.7%) for the relief of headaches. Although headache episodes were significantly associated with routine activities (reading writing, attending college) (p = 0.018, t = 2.282) daily activities (walking, running) (p = 0.022, t = 2.307). The findings showed that fourth-year EMS students were found to have higher headache pain intensity scores compared to other students (p = 0.046). Similarly, the pain intensity was significantly higher among the students between 1-3 and >7 episodes of headaches (p = 0.001) Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that Saudi emergency medical services students suffer from headaches. However, the current findings revealed variation in the headache pain intensity scores concerning the year of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M. Alobaid
- Department of Accident and Trauma, Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajid Syed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Basil A. Al-Rawi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Sharma SK, Ukey UU. Epidemiology of Primary Headache and Its Associated Psychosocial Factors Amongst Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study From the Vidarbha Region. Cureus 2023; 15:e39456. [PMID: 37362456 PMCID: PMC10290206 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of primary headaches amongst undergraduate medical students by determining the prevalence of primary headaches and their associated psychosocial factors. Methods A cross‑sectional study was conducted at a medical college in the Vidarbha region of India from January 2023 to February 2023 amongst 471 medical students. Diagnosis of tension-type headache (TTH) was made according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) criteria. Data were collected by interview technique using a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. that consisted of socio-demographic variables and psychosocial factors. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Prevalence of headache was 80% and was higher in females (87%) than in males (71%). TTH is the most common type with a prevalence of 76% in females followed by 64% in males. Psychosocial factors associated with presence of headache in study subjects were disappointment in relation to academic performance (OR 3.85, CI 1.68-2.71), poor socio-economic status (OR 2.69, CI 1.58-4.57), work overload (OR 0.41, CI 0.24-0.68), irritability (OR 0.33, CI 0.19-0.57) and frequent conflicts (OR 1.45, CI 0.78-2.70). Stress (OR 0.27, CI 0.11-0.71) and anxiety (OR 3.45, CI 1.31-9.08) were associated with headaches only in females and depression (OR 0.50, CI 0.25-1.01) was found to be associated with headaches only in males. Conclusions Psychosocial factors from the personal sphere like stress, overwork, and anxiety were highly prevalent amongst students and these factors need to be addressed meticulously in order to mitigate the problem of primary headache disorders amongst medical undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita K Sharma
- Community Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, IND
| | - Ujwala U Ukey
- Community Medicine, Government Medical College Nagpur, Nagpur, IND
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Hamad M Alomaim L, Faleh Alnefaie A, Abdullah Alowaymir N, Saleh Alahedb NA, Omar A Alomair H, Saud M Alanazi R, Dakheel Alanazi LZ, Naif Alshalawi HA, Albrahim T. Prevalence of Self-Medication Among Female University Students During Examinations: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e37269. [PMID: 37162782 PMCID: PMC10164448 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Those who practice self-care using over-the-counter (OTC) products believe that these medications are relatively safe. They can be used to treat mild illnesses that do not require medical consultation. However, improper self-medication using OTC medicines because of inadequate knowledge of their side effects and interactions can result in drug-related issues and even death. The current study was performed using the foundation year students of Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University (PNU) as subjects, to examine the use of OTC medicines during examination times. Methods This cross-sectional study was done on 213 (response rates 87.7%) foundation-year female students in the Health Colleges at PNU in Riyadh. Using a 26-item, self-administered, online questionnaire, data were collected. Results It was found that more than 50% of the students used OTC medicines habitually during exam periods. A majority (90.6%; p< 0.0001) of the students mentioned that the overuse of Panadol Extra was very safe while 67.6% (p< 0.0001) of them declared that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) would not induce stomach ulcer formation. A higher percentage (67.6%; p<0.0001) of the students confirmed using OTC medicines during exam time for headache relief. A higher percentage (72.8%; p< 0.0001) of the students indicated that because the OTC medications were readily available and they believed these drugs were safe, they used sizable quantities during the time of the examinations. Furthermore, 69% (p< 0.0001) of the students confessed that because of a friend's recommendations, they started trying OTC medicine. Above 67% (p< 0.0001) stated that OTC medications are inexpensive and easily available in Saudi Arabia. Conclusion To conclude, the findings of this study reiterated the high usage of OTC medicines by female students during the time of examination, and the highest used were painkillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Hamad M Alomaim
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ameera Faleh Alnefaie
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Norah Abdullah Alowaymir
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Nouf Abdulrahman Saleh Alahedb
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Hailah Omar A Alomair
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Rana Saud M Alanazi
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Lamya Zaid Dakheel Alanazi
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Haya Abdullah Naif Alshalawi
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Tarfa Albrahim
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
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Assessment of Headache Characteristics, Impact, and Managing Techniques among Pharmacy and Nursing Undergraduates-An Observational Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59010130. [PMID: 36676754 PMCID: PMC9863829 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Many different forms of headaches can change or impact daily activity and quality of life, which increases the financial burden on society over time. Undergraduates who get headaches may be absent from attending lectures, perform less well on their daily tasks and academic achievement, as well as struggle to build and maintain relationships with peers and mentors. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the headache-related characteristics and managing approaches among Saudi pharmacy and nursing students at a Saudi university, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A survey questionnaire was administered in this cross-sectional study to participants at a Saudi university, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants included males. The sample size was calculated with Raosoft® software. Data analysis was executed using IBM Statistic SPSS, and the level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 236 participants completed the questionnaires. The majority, i.e., 218 (92.4%) of them, were male; in addition, 124 (52.5%) were aged between 26 and 30, 124 (52.5%) were pharmacy students, 112 (47.5%) were nursing students, and 134 (56.8%) were smokers. When asked about ever having at least one episode of headache during the week, 66.1% (n = 156) agreed that they had one episode of headache, although 57 (24.2%) of the students had a headache for five days during a week. With regard to the impact of headaches on everyday activities, only 34.7% of the students said that headache disrupted their regular activities. Almost 41% of the students agreed that headache impacted their academic performance. Nearly 34% of students (n = 79) who had headaches considered napping, while 33% (n = 64) took painkillers and anti-inflammatory medicines, and 25% (n = 59) considered taking caffeine. In this study, the participants’ ages and headache severity were strongly associated (p = 0.0001). More pharmacy students (66.1%) reported having severe headaches than nursing students (14.3%) (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The current findings revealed that most of the undergraduates suffered from headaches, and the intensity of the pain was moderate; furthermore, one in four undergraduates reported that headaches impacted their academic performance. Caffeine and simple analgesics and anti-inflammatories were used for headache relief.
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Jakuš L, Mahović D, Jokić CAS, Bračić M, Jurak I. Estimating the prevalence of primary headache disorders in university students: Application of the Croatian version of the HARDSHIP questionnaire. CEPHALALGIA REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/25158163231154936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies reporting the prevalence of headaches in Croatia have methodological differences that make it difficult to consolidate their results. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of the most common primary headaches in a student population using the standardized HARDSHIP questionnaire (in Croatian). Methods: This cross-sectional epidemiological study collected data regarding the 1-year prevalence of headaches in a student population using the diagnostic algorithm of the HARDSHIP questionnaire. The chi-squared test was used to analyze gender differences, and Cramer’s V was used for effect size interpretation. Results: The questionnaire was administered to 1350 university students enrolled in health profession programs (81.3% female; 18.7% male; average age: 23 years). The 1-year prevalence of migraine was 38.9% (male: female ratio, 1:1.5), and that of tension-type headache was 35.6% (male: female ratio, 1:0.9). Overall, 91.0% of participants responded positively to the question regarding the incidence of headache in the past 12 months. Conclusions: We report a high prevalence of primary headaches among students of health professions in Croatia. The differences in prevalence may be attributed to various sociocultural, geographical, genetic, and methodological differences. Population-specific studies may facilitate a more accurate assessment of headache prevalence and enable more effective targeting of public health activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darija Mahović
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Matea Bračić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Jurak
- University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
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Axon DR, Dawid A. Student pharmacist characteristics and management of headache. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2022; 14:1169-1176. [PMID: 36154962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2022.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Headache is a prevalent, debilitating condition that affects 50% of adults globally. Little is known about headache among student pharmacists. This study describes the characteristics and management of headache among student pharmacists as well as implications for pharmacy education. METHODS Data were collected on headache characteristics, symptoms, triggers, impact, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological management strategies using an online questionnaire sent to all student pharmacists at one United States college of pharmacy in April 2021. Students who completed the questionnaire and reported having headache were included. Data were compared between graduating class years using chi-square and Kruskall-Wallis tests as appropriate. RESULTS A total of 111 students were included in the study. The most commonly reported headache characteristics were throbbing and pressure-like, moderate intensity, and < four hours duration. The most common symptoms were neck or shoulder pain and mood or personality changes. The strongest headache trigger was sleep quantity. The most commonly used pharmacologic strategy was caffeine, and the most commonly used non-pharmacologic strategies were rest or sleep and drinking water. There were no significant differences between graduating class years for any variable except amount of screen time. CONCLUSIONS Student pharmacists with headache in this study had characteristics, symptoms, and triggers of headaches in keeping with existing knowledge and used a variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management strategies. Headache posed a burden for students, suggesting there may be a need for greater student support despite their perception that headache had a low impact on their grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Axon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, 1295 N Martin Ave, PO Box 210202, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
| | - Abigail Dawid
- University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, 1295 N Martin Ave, PO Box 210202, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
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Saracco MG, Bergesio G, Cuniberti A, Rinaldi B, Cavallini M. The impact of headache symptoms in a population of Italian university students during the COVID period: an observational study based on 4926 cases. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:5739-5740. [PMID: 35864422 PMCID: PMC9303044 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We conducted an observational study of 4926 university students from all over Italy and different university courses, including health areas. Students were contacted through the most popular social networks and some student’s course representatives also acted as intermediaries, from June 1 to August 31, 2021. A questionnaire has been carried out using “Google Forms” and MIDAS. The study confirmed how the headache was widespreaded among the student population and how much it was underestimated (only one-fifth of the interviewees had been to a specialist/headache center). The negative impact of habitual headache on school performance was confirmed by the attendance on courses and the overall study performance. The clinical phenomenon might have been impacted by the pandemic period and its changes in lifestyle, in the study methodology, and due to the stress increase. Finally, the means used in the study were very satisfactory: the use of peers of the interviewees and the social networks, obtaining a broad acceptance of the study and possibly offering a method which is likely to be used in the future. Students presenting habitual headaches must be aware of their condition and the need to search for an appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
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Shrestha O, Karki S, Thapa N, Lal Shrestha K, Shah A, Dhakal P, Pant P, Dhungel S, Shrestha DB. Prevalence of migraine and tension‐type headache among undergraduate medical students of Kathmandu Valley: A cross‐sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e747. [PMID: 35949688 PMCID: PMC9358540 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Headache is the most prevalent neurological symptom which can be of a serious condition, as in brain tumor, but mostly it is a benign condition that includes primary headache such as migraine or tension‐type headache (TTH). Migraine reoccurs frequently and is more severe but owing to the high prevalence of TTH, however, impaired quality of life due to TTH is greater than that of migraine at the population level. Medical students are constantly subjected to stress and in such a condition, it was necessary to find out the burden of headache among medical students. This cross‐sectional study done among medical students aims to generate some data and literature which will change the outlook of stakeholders towards headache disorders among medical students. Methods This cross‐sectional study is based upon Headache Screening Questionnaire—English Version questionnaire based upon the ICHD‐3 beta criteria. Medical students of Kathmandu valley were sampled by using convenient sampling and data were collected. Data were refined in Microsoft Excel and imported to SPSS 20 for analysis. Results A total of 352 individuals were part of this study, out of which 229 (65.1%) were males and 123 (34.9%) were females with a mean age of 21.72 ± 1.601 years (mean ± SD). Prevalence of migraine and TTH was found to be 15.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.7%–19.3%) and 40.3% (95% CI: 34.9–45.2), respectively. Through multivariate binomial regression, it was observed that the odds of being diagnosed with migraine increased with age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.266 [1.013–1.583], p = 0.038), females had twice the odds of experiencing migraine headaches compared to males (AOR = 2.119 [1.074–4.180], p = 0.03), and medical students who stayed at the hostel were at lesser odds of experiencing migraine headache (AOR = 2.772 [1.501–5.118], p = 0.01). Conclusion Prevalence of migraine and TTH among undergraduate medical students was found to be 15.3% and 40.3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshan Shrestha
- College of Medicine Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Sagun Karki
- College of Medicine Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Niranjan Thapa
- College of Medicine Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences Kathmandu Nepal
| | | | - Aayushama Shah
- College of Medicine Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Pramita Dhakal
- College of Medicine Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Prashant Pant
- Department of Critical Care Karnali Academy of Health Sciences Jumla Nepal
| | - Sunil Dhungel
- Department of Physiology Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences Kathmandu Nepal
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Yang H, Pu S, Lu Y, Luo W, Zhao J, Liu E, Yang J, Luo X, Tang X, Zeng C, Chen J, Luo J. Migraine among students of a medical college in western China: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:71. [PMID: 35599325 PMCID: PMC9125914 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As one of the most common primary headaches in clinical practice, migraine affects the learning ability and life quality of college students worldwide, posing a heavy burden on individuals and society. This study aims to investigate the incidence of migraine among Chinese medical college students and to explore its characteristics and typical triggers. Method From July 2019 to July 2020, North Sichuan Medical College in Sichuan province, China preliminarily screened migraine cases using ID-Migraine through cluster sampling. College students with positive ID-Migraine results would be included in this study if they were further diagnosed with migraine by neurologists based on ICHD-3. After the ethical review, patients’ personal and headache information would be collected, and the frequency, severity, onset time, and related triggers of migraine would be measured. Results The preliminary screening covered 8783 college students. The overall prevalence rate of migraine is 6.57%, 5.90% in men and 6.77% in women. The prevalence rate of migraine is higher for students in the first and second grades (8.01%, 8.05%), and students with a family history of migraine are more likely to suffer from migraine (OR = 1.509, 95% CI 1.060–2.148, P = 0.022 < 0.005). Staying up late (n = 329, 57.01%), stress (n = 319, 55.29%), catch a cold (n = 313, 54.25%) and sleep disorders (n = 302, 52.34%) are the common triggers. Conclusion Migraine is common among college students in North Sichuan Medical College. The incidence is higher among lower grade students, female students, and students with a family history of migraine. Improving sleep quality and reducing stress may be effective in relieving migraines.
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Rafi A, Islam S, Hasan MT, Hossain G. Prevalence and impact of migraine among university students in Bangladesh: findings from a cross-sectional survey. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:68. [PMID: 35219314 PMCID: PMC8881749 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Migraine is one of the main causes of long-term morbidity, and it is one of the major contributors of all types of headaches in worldwide. Despite its disruptive effect, it is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated in Bangladesh. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of migraines and its impact on daily life of university students in Bangladesh.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,352 students of Rajshahi University and Jahangirnagar University during March 2020 through a self-administered online survey. ID Migraine™ scale and HIT-6 scale were used to screen migraine and its impact respectively. Frequency distribution, Chi-square test and t-test along with multiple logistic regressions model were used to determine the prevalence and associated factors of migraine respectively.
Results
The overall prevalence of migraine among the participants was 21.4%. The prevalence was higher among females (29%) than males (12%). A multivariable logistic regression model provided the following eight risk factors of migraine: (i) gender (p < 0.01), (ii) family income (p < 0.01), (iii) marital status (p < 0.01), (iv) infrequent exercise (p < 0.01), (v) family history of headache (p < 0.01), (vi) high screen time (p < 0.05), (vii) depressive symptoms (p < 0.05) and (viii) anxiety disorder (p < 0.01). More than two-thirds of the people with migraines reported more than five attacks during the past month with moderate to severe intense headache. Stress was the most reported trigger of migraine among university students (71%) followed by irregular sleep (47%), academic pressure (33%), and external noise (28%). Almost 37% of the participants who had migraines reported that headache caused severe impact in their day to day life.
Conclusions
The prevalence of migraine among university students of Bangladesh is alarmingly high. Frequent migraine attacks and severe intensity of headache cause a substantial level of impact among the sufferers. Cautious avoidance of the triggering factors through appropriate interventions and prophylactic medication can mitigate the negative impact of migraine as well as improve the quality of life.
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García-Azorín D, Molina-Sánchez M, Gómez-Iglesias P, Delgado-Suárez C, García-Morales I, Kurtis-Urra M, Monje MHG. Headache education and management in Cameroon: a healthcare provider study. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 122:75-81. [PMID: 33566334 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Headache disorders are the most prevalent neurological conditions in the Sub-Saharan Africa and the second cause of disability. In this study, we analyze the knowledge about headache disorders and their management among Cameroonian healthcare providers. We conducted an interventional study with a prospective cohort design. Cameroonian health care providers from the whole country were invited. The evaluation was based on a questionnaire that was done before and after a 4-day educational course. The study included 42 participants, 52.4% female, aged 36.8 years. Participants treated a median of 240 monthly patients. Headache was reported as the most frequent neurological condition in their clinics (34%). Mean number of neurological patients seen per week was 69.3, among them 20 were headache patients. At baseline, only 35.8% correctly mentioned at least one primary headache, increasing to 78.6% after the course (p = 0.002). Secondary headaches were correctly identified by 19.0% at baseline and 40.5% after the course (p = 0.01). Clinical history was considered sufficient for headache diagnosis by 57.1% before and 78.6% after (p = 0.5). Correct red flags were mentioned at baseline by only 14.3% of participants, increasing to 40.5% after the course (p = 0.005). At baseline, the preferred symptomatic was paracetamol (47.6%) and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (9.5%), changing to 23.8 and 66.7% after the course (p = 0.05 and < 0.001). Headache was reported as the most frequent neurological disorders. Knowledge about primary headache disorders and their etiology was scarce, and the clinical concept of red flags was limited. The acute drug of choice was paracetamol.
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Khan SD, Al-Garni M, Alalhareth FA, Al Touk AA, Al-Ajmi HA, Alyami SA, Alalyani HH. Data on self-medication among healthcare students at Najran University, KSA. Bioinformation 2022; 17:599-607. [PMID: 35095234 PMCID: PMC8770411 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of self-medication (SM) has increased in health professionals due to awareness of disease and symptoms. Incorrect use of medication caused harmful effects. To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of health professionals, this survey was
conducted. A cross-sectional study was carried out among health professionals of different specialities. Knowledge, attitude and practice-based questions were asked through an electronically distributed questionnaire. Data were statistically tested using the
Chi-square test with SPSS. Most of the health professionals were aware with the term of self-medication; however the knowledge about related questions was not satisfactory. Almost half of the participants practiced self-medication. The prevalence of
self-medication among participants was high. They need to be trained and educate about the incorrect use of self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraj Daa Khan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
| | - Musleh Al-Garni
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
| | - Faisal Ali Alalhareth
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
| | | | | | - Saeed Ali Alyami
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
| | - Hamzah Hamed Alalyani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
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Abukanna AMA, IbnIdris HO, AlRuwaili WKS, AlEnezi ASR, AlShammari AOK, AlMijlad AAM. Prevalence of Primary Headache among Medical Students in Northern Border University. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND ALLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/yr30jx6xuy] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Birkie M, Endris M, Asnakew S. Determinants of migraine headache among regular undergraduate students, of Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia: cross-sectional study. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:443. [PMID: 34758771 PMCID: PMC8579184 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of migraine headaches varied from 2.4 to 48.5% worldwide among university students. As per the knowledge of the investigators, the study of migraine headaches is not done in this study area. Hence, this study aimed to assess determinates of migraine headaches among regular undergraduate students, of Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, 2020. METHOD Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from November 15-30 /2020 by using a self-administered questionnaire among 371 regular undergraduate students at Wollo University. A multistage sampling technique was employed to represent our study population. Identity migraine test, Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire, perceived stress scale, and Oslo social support scale was used. Descriptive statistics, binary and multiple logistic regression were employed. The adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval and level of significance (p-value < 0.05) was used to interpret the findings. RESULTS From 371 participants, the prevalence of migraine headache in this study was 34% (95% CI: 29.2, 38.5). Variables statistically associated with migraine headache, were a family history of headache (AOR = 3.83, CI: 2.313, 6.366), suicidal thoughts in the past 3 months (AOR = 10.76, CI: 2.117, 54.74), and had low perceived stress 62.6% (AOR = 0.374, CI: 0.205, 0.683). CONCLUSION In this study, the prevalence of migraine headaches was very high. Family history of headache, suicidal thoughts, and low perceived stress were determinates for migraine headache. So special emphasis shall be given to those participants who had high perceived stress, a family history of migraine headache, and suicidal thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengesha Birkie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Endris
- Department of psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Asnakew
- Department of Psychiatry, School Of Medicine, College Of Health Science Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Alkarrash MS, Shashaa MN, Kitaz MN, Rhayim R, Alhasan MM, Alassadi M, Aldakhil A, Alkhamis M, Ajam M, Douba M, Banjah B, Ismail A, Zazo A, Zazo R, Abdulwahab M, Alkhamis A, Arab A, Alameen MH, Farfouti MT. Migraine and tension-type headache among undergraduate medical, dental and pharmaceutical students of University of Aleppo: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Neurol Open 2021; 3:e000211. [PMID: 34712954 PMCID: PMC8515458 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2021-000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Headache disorders are among the most common 10 causes of disability worldwide according to the global burden of disease survey 2010. Headache is also wildly common among universities students when compared with other populations. The purpose of this study is to assess headache prevalence among Aleppo University medical, dental and pharmaceutical undergraduate students. Methods A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical, dental and pharmaceutical students at Aleppo University, Syria. We determined the type of headache according to the International Classification of Headache Disorder-III. The total number of participants was 2068. A χ2 test was used to evaluate the association between the categorical outcomes. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results Out of 2068 participants, 1604 (77.6%) were medical students, 205 (9.9%) were dental students and 259 (12.5%) were pharmaceutical students. The effect on daily activities was higher in chronic tension headache (96.7%) and migraine without aura (94.6%) than migraine with aura (91.3) and episodic tension headache (85.1%). Out of 1191 who had a headache, only 188 (15.9%) had a medical consultation. Conclusions There was no a statistically significant difference in prevalence of tension headache and migraine according to faculties. There was a statistically significant difference in patients with migraine according to academic year, living with family and smoking. The effect on daily activities was higher in chronic tension-type headache and migraine without aura. There is a significant lack of medical consultation among students and most of them took over the counter analgesics depending on personal choice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roaa Rhayim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| | | | - Maya Alassadi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Ahmad Aldakhil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Mohamad Alkhamis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Mohanad Ajam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Mohamad Douba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Bashar Banjah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Ahmad Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Aya Zazo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Rama Zazo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Majd Abdulwahab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Ali Alkhamis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Abdullah Arab
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
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Orayj K, Alshahrani SM, Alqahtani AM, Alasmari N, Atef AAA, Jrais HS, Muslot D. The Use of Over-The-Counter (OTC) Medications by University Students During Examinations in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:2675-2682. [PMID: 34188577 PMCID: PMC8236272 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s312559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose During examinations, many students use various over-the-counter (OTC) drugs to improve their concentration or treat exam-related medical symptoms. The purpose of this study was to scrutinize the use of OTC drugs during examinations in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was designed, consisting of online, self-administered questionnaires comprising 27 items, including the awareness, knowledge, and attitude of students toward OTC drug use during examinations. A logistic regression model was fitted to determine factors that predict OTC drug use. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Results A total of 463 (92.6%) completed questionnaires were received from 500 recruited participants. Among participants, 58.5% were women, 47.9% were 22 years or older and completing their final year of study, and 44.1% of students preferred not to disclose their monthly income. The most common cause (35.6%) for OTC drug use during the examination period was headache, followed by pain (21%), fever (16.6%), and cough (8.2%). The most commonly used medication were painkillers, antipyretics, cough and cold medications, and vitamins (57.2%, 16.4%, 11%, and 7.3%, respectively). Male students showed a significant lack of awareness and knowledge regarding the safety and reasons for OTC drug use compared with their female counterparts and were less likely to read the medication leaflet before use (p < 0.001, odds ratio [OR]: 0.36, confidence interval [CI]: 0.23-0.57) and did not know which drugs require prescriptions (p < 0.001, OR: 0.41, CI: 0.27-0.63). Other significant factors that predicted OTC drug use included age, university level, and drug income. Conclusion The most common reported cause for OTC drug use during examinations among students was headache. Sex, age, university level, and monthly income were significant factors affecting OTC drug use during examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Orayj
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan M Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Dalia Muslot
- College of Pharmacy, Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty, University of Hodeidah, Al Hudaydah, Yemen
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Brown D, Schenk S, Genent D, Zernikow B, Wager J. A scoping review of chronic pain in emerging adults. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e920. [PMID: 34712883 PMCID: PMC8546842 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the adult chronic pain literature addresses pain in typical pain cohorts of middle-aged to older individuals. To date, little research has focused on chronic pain in younger adults, who likely have a completely different pain experience. This scoping review aimed to address this gap by describing the emerging adult (18-29 years) chronic pain experience regarding prevalence, associated factors, outcomes, and pain management. Searches of primary electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were performed on February 26, 2020, restricting the publication date from database inception to December 31, 2019. The search strategy, conducted in English, covered search term combinations of "chronic pain" and "young adults." A total of 6,612 records were considered-3,141 after removing duplicates. These records were screened by title and abstract; 871 through full-text screening. Of these, 78 articles covered the topic of emerging adults with chronic pain. Collectively, results indicated that between 5% and 30% of emerging adults experience chronic pain, depending on the sample and exact chronic pain definition. The most consistent associated factors were female sex, familial chronic pain, and previous experiences of chronic pain in childhood. Anxiety, depression, and sleep issues appeared associated both before and after the onset of chronic pain. Outcomes of pain included interruptions to study and work, poorer physical functioning, and pain-related interference to socializing. We observed that few pain treatments have been tested specifically in this cohort. A greater ongoing focus on chronic pain in emerging adults is required to improve long-lasting outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donnamay Brown
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schenk
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
| | - Dunja Genent
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
| | - Boris Zernikow
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
| | - Julia Wager
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
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Stress, Anxiety and Depression among a Cohort of Health Sciences Undergraduate Students: The Prevalence and Risk Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063269. [PMID: 33809939 PMCID: PMC8004268 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) have a negative impact on the learning and academic performance of university students. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, as well as the risk factors associated with SAD among a cohort of students pursuing undergraduate degree courses in health sciences. This is part of the strategy in building a healthy nation. A questionnaire containing socio-demographic factors and the short version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to assess the likelihood of psychological distress. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors of SAD. In total, 449 students completed the questionnaire (93.9% response rate). Of these, 65% had stress, 85.1% had anxiety and 51.4% had depression. Most cases of stress (74.6%) and depression (66.2%) were of normal-to-mild level, while 74.6% of them showed moderate-to-extremely severe anxiety. There was a statistically significant association between stress score and the year of study. In the regression analysis, poor sleep quality and fatigue were risk factors of anxiety and depression, whereas low-grade fever and frequent headaches were risk factors for stress and anxiety. Stress, anxiety, and depression scores were significantly higher among students studying medical imaging. A substantial proportion of health science students are suffering from SAD. This study recommends screening and close monitoring of the above-mentioned predictors and the formulation of comprehensive intervention strategies for students with SAD.
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Vitta AD, Biancon RDB, Cornélio GP, Bento TPF, Maciel NM, Perrucini PDO. Primary headache and factors associated in university students: a cross sectional study. ABCS HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.7322/abcshs.2020005.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Primary headaches, defined as disorders in themselves caused by independent pathomechanisms and not by other disorders, are prevalent in university students and considered one important health problems in the world. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of primary headaches and analyze associations with sociodemographic characteristics and the use of electronic devices by university students. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study analysis was carried out with a sample of 1,143 students of both genders who responded to the questionnaire on demographic, socioeconomic aspects, use of electronic devices, and on the primary headaches. Descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis, and Poisson regression were performed. Results: The overall prevalence of primary headache of 60.7%, being that, in relation to the type, 33.2% presented tension-type headache, 54.3% migraine, and 12.3% other types of headache. Regression analysis showed that female gender and income of up to two minimum wages were associated with primary headache and migraine type. The primary headache was associated with subjects of the white race; watching television and playing video games for more than 3 hours per day, for example. The sitting posture, semi-lying down, and distance from the eyes to the mobile phone and tablet longer than 20 cm were associated with primary headache and the three types of headaches. Conclusion: The results allow us to conclude that there is a high prevalence of primary headaches in college students and that socioeconomic factors related to the use of electronic devices are associated with the presence of primary headaches.
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Kawuma R, Chimukuche RS, Francis SC, Seeley J, Weiss HA. Knowledge, use (misuse) and perceptions of over-the-counter analgesics in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review. Glob Health Action 2021; 14:1955476. [PMID: 34420494 PMCID: PMC8386732 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2021.1955476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics are safe for pain-management when used as recommended. Misuse can increase the risk of hypertension and gastrointestinal problems. OBJECTIVE To conduct a scoping review of the uses and misuses of OTC analgesics in sub-Saharan Africa, to inform strategies for correct use. METHOD Following guidelines for conducting a scoping review, we systematically searched Pubmed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases for published articles on OTC analgesic drug use in sub-Saharan Africa, without restrictions on publication year or language. Search terms were 'analgesics', 'non-prescription drugs', 'use or dependence or patterns or misuse or abuse' and 'sub-Saharan Africa'. Articles focusing on prescription drugs were excluded. RESULTS Of 1381 articles identified, 35 papers from 13 countries were eligible for inclusion. Most were quantitative cross-sectional studies, two were mixed-methods studies, and one used qualitative methods only. About half (n = 17) the studies recorded prevalence of OTC drug use above 70%, including non-analgesics. Headache and fever were the most common ailments for which OTC drugs were taken. Primary sources of OTC drugs were pharmacy and drug shops, and family, friends and relatives as well as leftover drugs from previous treatment. The main reasons for OTC drug use were challenges in health service access, perception of illness as minor, and knowledge gained from treating a previous illness. Information regarding self-medication came from family, friends and neighbours, pharmacies and reading leaflets either distributed in the community or at institutions of learning. OTC drug use tended to be more commonly reported among females, those with an education lower than secondary level, and participants aged ≥50 years. CONCLUSION Self-medicating with OTC drugs including analgesics is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. However, literature on reasons for this, and misuse, is limited. Research is needed to educate providers and the public on safe use of OTC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kawuma
- Social Aspects of Health Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Rujeko Samanthia Chimukuche
- Social Science and Research Ethics Department, Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Suzanna C Francis
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Janet Seeley
- Social Aspects of Health Programme, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.,Social Science and Research Ethics Department, Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen A Weiss
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Kodama Y, Fukahori H, Tse M, Yamamoto-Mitani N. Pain Prevalence, Pain Management, and the Need for Pain Education in Healthcare Undergraduates. Pain Manag Nurs 2020; 22:408-413. [PMID: 33132040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a common health problem in undergraduate students. Pain prevalence, pain management strategies and knowledge among healthcare groups has not been revealed yet. AIM This study explored pain prevalence, intensity, pain management strategies, knowledge, and education in undergraduate students specializing in healthcare science. The findings will highlight the necessity for increasing pain management education in the university setting. DESIGN A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted. SETTINGS/ PARTICIPANTS Data was collected from 1,490 university students in Tokyo between December 2015 and April 2016. A χ square test was performed to examine differences in pain status and management strategies according to gender. We compared medical knowledge scores among disciplines using one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS In total, 511 (79.2%) students had experienced bodily pain during the preceding 6 months. Pain prevalence differed by gender. More nursing students had used both pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods for pain management than had students from other disciplines (p = .011). Pain medication knowledge of students in other disciplines was low to moderate, with greater knowledge observed in medical students (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Education regarding pain management should be developed that considers differences among disciplines. Additionally, poor pain management knowledge could affect the quality of care students provide to patients after graduation. Enhancing pain management knowledge by providing suitable pain management education in universities may contribute to better pain management for students, and this may translate to their work in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Kodama
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Rehabilitation Science, Showa University, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Fukahori
- Division of Gerontological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care, KEIO University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mimi Tse
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Noriko Yamamoto-Mitani
- Department of Gerontological Homecare and Long-term Care Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Al Essa M, Alshehri A, Alzahrani M, Bustami R, Adnan S, Alkeraidees A, Mudshil A, Gramish J. Practices, awareness and attitudes toward self-medication of analgesics among health sciences students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:235-239. [PMID: 30766435 PMCID: PMC6362167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-medication is a common practice among health sciences students in Saudi Arabia. It is known that inappropriate selfmedication may harm individuals due to increasing the risk of drug misuse or delaying a hospital visit by masking some symptoms. Thus, the aim of our study is to investigate and assess practices, awareness and attitudes toward analgesics self-medication among health science students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study in a form of electronic survey that was conducted among health sciences students from different universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 2016. Two hundred and seventy-two students responded to the questionnaire. The electronic questionnaire survey covered demographics, self-medication practice and the analgesics consumption, attitude and awareness about the safety of self-medication practice of analgesics. RESULTS Factors associated with high prevalence of self-medication were not significant except for age (P = 0.04). Health sciences students had adequate knowledge about the safety of analgesics consumption itself and simultaneous use of analgesics with other drugs, significantly different by college; 80% for Pharmacy, 71% for Medicine, 61% for Nursing and Dentistry, and 25% for Applied Medical Sciences and pre-professional students (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION The occurrence of self-medication practices is distressingly high among health sciences students. It is necessary to educate the students about the side effects and drawbacks of irresponsible selfmedication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Essa
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 3660, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, MC 1445, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed Alshehri
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 3660, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alzahrani
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 3660, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Bustami
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 3660, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Adnan
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 3660, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Alkeraidees
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 3660, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Mudshil
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 3660, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Gramish
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 3660, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, MC 1445, Saudi Arabia
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Desouky DE, Zaid HA, Taha AA. Migraine, tension-type headache, and depression among Saudi female students in Taif University. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2019; 94:7. [PMID: 30774147 PMCID: PMC6351506 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-019-0008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies done in Saudi Arabia showed a high prevalence of headache among university students. Limited research was done to assess the relationship between headache and psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and association between migraine, tension-type headache, and depression among Saudi female students in Taif University. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires about headache and depression was conducted at the Taif University on 1340 female students in the academic year 2016-2017. The Beck Depression Inventory, the ID Migraine™ screening tool, and the criteria of the International Headache Society were used to investigate the depressive symptoms and headache types. RESULTS The self-reported headache prevalence was 68.4%, and the prevalence of migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), and depression was 32.5%, 29.5%, and 6.2%, respectively. The main migraine trigger was stress or anxiety; 86.6% of migraineurs had a positive family history, and only 11.9% sought medical care for headache. Of students with TTH, 61.1% reported family history and only 12.4% sought medical care. Paracetamol was the commonly used analgesic for all headache types. Medical students and students in older grades showed significantly higher levels of all headache types. Depression prevalence was significantly higher among migraineurs and students who suffered higher headache frequencies. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated a high prevalence of headache among the studied students and an association between headache and depression. The study calls for increasing awareness towards headache and the importance of seeking medical consultation. Management strategies should be planned for the observed headache and depression comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia E. Desouky
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Alsalama street, Taif city, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Hany A. Zaid
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Alsalama street, Taif city, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A. Taha
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Alsalama street, Taif city, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
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Johansson AM, Vikingsson H, Varkey E. The physiotherapist, an untapped resource for headaches: a survey of university students. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2017.1352023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Johansson
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation/Physiotherapy, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hannah Vikingsson
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation/Physiotherapy, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Varkey
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation/Physiotherapy, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Epidemiology of migraine among students in Mali. eNeurologicalSci 2017; 7:32-36. [PMID: 29260022 PMCID: PMC5721572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a debilitating but benign disease that can affect the quality of life of patients, disrupt the emotional relationships and impact on educational and vocational activities. The aim of our work was to study the epidemiology and impact of migraine in schools in the urban district of GAO in Mali. This is a cross-sectional study among students in the city of Gao. The survey was conducted in 11 schools, each of which represented a cluster. The study involved 733 students and diagnosis of migraine was made according to the 2004 IHS criteria except the criterion for the number of crises. The overall prevalence of migraine in school was 17.3% (95% CI [14.6% to 20%]). The headache prevalence among students was 20% (95% CI [16.91% to 23.09]), it was significantly higher 23.0% in girls than in boys 14.8% (p < 0.01). About its impact on school life, 63.8% of students had experienced absenteeism due to migraine from 1 to 14 days in the last quarter preceding the survey with a limiting concentration in 19.2% of students with migraine. In conclusion, migraine is common among students of Gao, it is more important in female. It has a negative impact on academic performance. It is therefore necessary to control its management to reduce the extent of the disease in this environment. Students participating were 69.7% (511/733) male and 30.3% (222/733) female. First degree family history of headaches was very common in students with migraine (78% total with 57% on the maternal side and 17% on the paternal side). About two thirds of patients that suffer of migraine report their attacks to be triggered by specific external circumstances or internal variation, the remaining third felt that their attacks occur suddenly without apparent reason.
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Basdav J, Haffejee F, Puckree T. Impact of headaches on university students in Durban, South Africa. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1679. [PMID: 27733981 PMCID: PMC5042922 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Introspection into the factors that affect student success at higher education institutions has gained significant momentum in recent years. Teaching and learning has come under the spotlight with quality enhancement and teaching development funding focussing on student support, enhancing the student environment, and enhancing academics as teachers. Included in this are aspects that try to understand the student. An aspect that is not receiving attention is student health, specifically headaches which could impact student success. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of primary headaches on student academic, family and social life at one higher education institution in South Africa. Method Data was collected using a questionnaire based descriptive cross sectional survey. Multistage sampling using a ballot method allowed for sampling to obtain representation from across the institution. To achieve a 95 % confidence level, 384 students from across the university were invited to participate after informed consent. Data was analysed using Chi square tests at a probability of p < 0.05. Results Majority of the participants were undergraduates and non-smokers. Half of the population suffered from primary headaches. Headache sufferers experienced limited concentration due to an increased headache intensity during tests and/or the examination period. This negatively impacted on studying which was aggravated by consumption of caffeinated energy drinks, coffee and chocolate resulting in a less effective study session. Activities of daily living and participation in social events which usually leads to relaxation were neglected. Personal and emotional well-being was also negatively affected. Altered sleeping patterns and absence of study breaks also led to headaches. Conclusion Headaches were found to impact on the students study and sleep patterns, their attention levels during lectures and their social and emotional life. Headaches negatively impacted on some participants leading to reduced focus on academic, family, social or leisure activities. Intensity of headaches increased during tests and examinations which could impact their success at University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotika Basdav
- Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Gate 8, Steve Biko Road, Durban, South Africa
| | - Firoza Haffejee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Gate 8, Steve Biko Road, Durban, South Africa
| | - T Puckree
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Gate 8, Steve Biko Road, Durban, South Africa
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