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Spekker E, Nagy-Grócz G, Vécsei L. Ion Channel Disturbances in Migraine Headache: Exploring the Potential Role of the Kynurenine System in the Context of the Trigeminovascular System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16574. [PMID: 38068897 PMCID: PMC10706278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a primary headache disorder, which is an enormous burden to the healthcare system. While some aspects of the pathomechanism of migraines remain unknown, the most accepted theory is that activation and sensitization of the trigeminovascular system are essential during migraine attacks. In recent decades, it has been suggested that ion channels may be important participants in the pathogenesis of migraine. Numerous ion channels are expressed in the peripheral and central nervous systems, including the trigeminovascular system, affecting neuron excitability, synaptic energy homeostasis, inflammatory signaling, and pain sensation. Dysfunction of ion channels could result in neuronal excitability and peripheral or central sensitization. This narrative review covers the current understanding of the biological mechanisms leading to activation and sensitization of the trigeminovascular pain pathway, with a focus on recent findings on ion channel activation and modulation. Furthermore, we focus on the kynurenine pathway since this system contains kynurenic acid, which is an endogenous glutamate receptor antagonist substance, and it has a role in migraine pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gábor Nagy-Grócz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Preventive Health Sciences Research Group, Incubation Competence Centre of the Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Cheng Y, Tian DY, Wang YH, Liu W, Huo XL, Bao N, Wu ZQ. Vibration-enhanced disposable electroanalytical platform for selective analysis of tryptophan in fruits based on molecular imprinting. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341853. [PMID: 37827659 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Although electrochemical detection based on molecular imprinting polymers (MIP) could dramatically improve the selectivity, the procedure is time-consuming because of the essential incubation step. In addition, current MIP electrochemical detections were not suitable for analysis of microliter-level sample solutions, limiting their applications for real samples. This investigation aims at applying vibration to enhance efficiency of MIP electrochemical detection of 20 μL sample solutions. MIP analysis of Tryptophan (Trp) was used as the model with disposable MIP electrodes prepared by electrochemical polymerization of o-phenylenediamine on carbon ink coated on stainless steel sheets. The MIP electrode was integrated in a 3D-printed analytical device for vibration-enhanced electrochemical detection of Trp. Our results showed that this vibration-enhanced strategy could significantly increase electrochemical responses of Trp at the same incubation time. Such improvement might be attributed to the enhanced mass transfer at the surface of the working electrode brought by vibration. It needs to be emphasized that this strategy is suitable for analysis of sample solutions with the volume of microliters, which is superior to normal stirring in MIP electrochemical detection. Our approach could be successfully utilized for differentiation of Trp in different fruits, opening more opportunities for MIP electrochemical detection of real samples. The enhanced efficiency by vibration could pave foundation for extensive practical MIP detection of sample solutions at the level of microliters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cheng
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Dong-Yang Tian
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Ya-Hong Wang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Wu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Huo
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
| | - Ning Bao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
| | - Zeng-Qiang Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
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Jovanovic F, Jovanovic V, Knezevic NN. Glucocorticoid Hormones as Modulators of the Kynurenine Pathway in Chronic Pain Conditions. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081178. [PMID: 37190087 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of chronic pain entails a series of complex interactions among the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems. Defined as pain lasting or recurring for more than 3 months, chronic pain is becoming increasingly more prevalent among the US adult population. Pro-inflammatory cytokines from persistent low-grade inflammation not only contribute to the development of chronic pain conditions, but also regulate various aspects of the tryptophan metabolism, especially that of the kynurenine pathway (KP). An elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines exerts similar regulatory effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, an intricate system of neuro-endocrine-immune pathways and a major mechanism of the stress response. As the HPA axis counters inflammation through the secretion of endogenous cortisol, we review the role of cortisol along with that of exogenous glucocorticoids in patients with chronic pain conditions. Considering that different metabolites produced along the KP exhibit neuroprotective, neurotoxic, and pronociceptive properties, we also summarize evidence rendering them as reliable biomarkers in this patient population. While more in vivo studies are needed, we conclude that the interaction between glucocorticoid hormones and the KP poses an attractive venue of diagnostic and therapeutic potential in patients with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Jovanovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Merit Health Wesley, Hattiesburg, MS 39402, USA
| | - Visnja Jovanovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA
| | - Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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4
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Tuka B, Körtési T, Nánási N, Tömösi F, Janáky T, Veréb D, Szok D, Tajti J, Vécsei L. Cluster headache and kynurenines. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:35. [PMID: 37016290 PMCID: PMC10074689 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glutamatergic neurotransmission has important role in the pathomechanism of primary headache disorders. The kynurenine metabolites derived from catabolism of tryptophan (Trp) have significant involvement not only in glutamatergic processes, but also in the neuroinflammation, the oxidative stress and the mitochondrial dysfunctions. Previously we identified a depressed peripheral Trp metabolism in interictal period of episodic migraineurs, which prompted us to examine this pathway in patients with episodic cluster headache (CH) as well. Our aims were to compare the concentrations of compounds both in headache-free and attack periods, and to find correlations between Trp metabolism and the clinical features of CH. Levels of 11 molecules were determined in peripheral blood plasma of healthy controls (n = 22) and interbout/ictal periods of CH patients (n = 24) by neurochemical measurements. FINDINGS Significantly decreased L-kynurenine (KYN, p < 0.01), while increased quinolinic acid (QUINA, p < 0.005) plasma concentrations were detected in the interbout period of CH patients compared to healthy subjects. The levels of KYN are further reduced during the ictal period compared to the controls (p < 0.006). There was a moderate, negative correlation between disease duration and interbout QUINA levels (p < 0.048, R = - 0.459); and between the total number of CH attacks experienced during the lifetime of patients and the interbout KYN concentrations (p < 0.024, R = - 0.516). Linear regression models revealed negative associations between age and levels of Trp, kynurenic acid, 3-hdyroxyanthranilic acid and QUINA in healthy control subjects, as well as between age and ictal level of anthranilic acid. CONCLUSIONS Our results refer to a specifically altered Trp metabolism in CH patients. The onset of metabolic imbalance can be attributed to the interbout period, where the decreased KYN level is unable to perform its protective functions, while the concentration of QUINA, as a toxic compound, increases. These processes can trigger CH attacks, which may be associated with glutamate excess induced neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact functions of these molecular alterations that can contribute to identify new, potential biomarkers in the therapy of CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Tuka
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis U 6, Szeged, Hungary, 6725
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Körtési
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis U 6, Szeged, Hungary, 6725
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Nánási
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis U 6, Szeged, Hungary, 6725
| | - Ferenc Tömösi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Janáky
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Veréb
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Délia Szok
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Tajti
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- ELKH-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis U 6, Szeged, Hungary, 6725.
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Demartini C, Francavilla M, Zanaboni AM, Facchetti S, De Icco R, Martinelli D, Allena M, Greco R, Tassorelli C. Biomarkers of Migraine: An Integrated Evaluation of Preclinical and Clinical Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065334. [PMID: 36982428 PMCID: PMC10049673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous efforts have been made to identify reliable biomarkers useful in migraine diagnosis and progression or associated with the response to a specific treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the alleged diagnostic and therapeutic migraine biomarkers found in biofluids and to discuss their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. We included the most informative data from clinical or preclinical studies, with a particular emphasis on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cytokines, endocannabinoids, and other biomolecules, the majority of which are related to the inflammatory aspects and mechanisms of migraine, as well as other actors that play a role in the disease. The potential issues affecting biomarker analysis are also discussed, such as how to deal with bias and confounding data. CGRP and other biological factors associated with the trigeminovascular system may offer intriguing and novel precision medicine opportunities, although the biological stability of the samples used, as well as the effects of the confounding role of age, gender, diet, and metabolic factors should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Demartini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Miriam Francavilla
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zanaboni
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Facchetti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto De Icco
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Martinelli
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Allena
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosaria Greco
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0382)-380255
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Liu Q, Mai L, Yang S, Jia S, Chu Y, He H, Fan W, Huang F. Transcriptional Alterations of Mouse Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons Following Orofacial Inflammation Revealed by Single-Cell Analysis. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:885569. [PMID: 35722619 PMCID: PMC9200971 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.885569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial inflammation leads to transcriptional alterations in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. However, diverse alterations and regulatory mechanisms following orofacial inflammatory pain in different types of TG neurons remain unclear. Here, orofacial inflammation was induced by injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in mice. After 7 days, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing on TG cells of mice from control and treatment groups. We identified primary sensory neurons, Schwann cells, satellite glial cells, oligodendrocyte-like cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in TG tissue. After principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering, we identified six TG neuronal subpopulations: peptidergic nociceptors (PEP1 and PEP2), non-peptidergic nociceptors (NP1 and NP2), C-fiber low-threshold mechanoreceptors (cLTMR) and myelinated neurons (Nefh-positive neurons, NF) based on annotated marker gene expression. We also performed differential gene expression analysis among TG neuronal subtypes, identifying several differential genes involved in the inflammatory response, neuronal excitability, neuroprotection, and metabolic processes. Notably, we identified several potential novel targets associated with pain modulation, including Arl6ip1, Gsk3b, Scn7a, and Zbtb20 in PEP1, Rgs7bp in PEP2, and Bhlha9 in cLTMR. The established protein–protein interaction network identified some hub genes, implying their critical involvement in regulating orofacial inflammatory pain. Our study revealed the heterogeneity of TG neurons and their diverse neuronal transcriptomic responses to orofacial inflammation, providing a basis for the development of therapeutic strategies for orofacial inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijia Mai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengyan Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilin Jia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhao Chu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenguo Fan,
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Fang Huang,
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Gölöncsér F, Baranyi M, Iring A, Hricisák L, Otrokocsi L, Benyó Z, Sperlágh B. Involvement of P2Y 12 receptors in an NTG-induced model of migraine in male mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4626-4645. [PMID: 34363208 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE P2Y12 receptors (P2Y12 Rs) are known to regulate different forms of pain and inflammation. In this study we investigated the participation of P2Y12 Rs in an animal model of migraine. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We tested the effect of the centrally administered selective P2Y12 R antagonist PSB-0739, and P2Y12 R gene deficiency in acute nitroglycerin (NTG)-treated mice. Additionally, platelet depletion was used to investigate the role of platelet P2Y12 Rs during migraine-like pain. KEY RESULTS NTG induced sensory hypersensitivity of C57BL/6 wild-type (P2ry12+/+ ) mice, accompanied by an increase in c-fos and CGRP expression in the upper cervical spinal cord (C1-C2) and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). Similar changes were also observed in P2Y12 R gene-deficient (P2ry12-/- ) mice. Prophylactic intrathecal application of PSB-0739 reversed thermal hyperalgesia and head grooming time in wild-type mice but had no effect in P2ry12-/- mice; furthermore, it was also effective when applied as a post-treatment. PSB-0739 administration suppressed the expression of c-fos in C1-C2 and TNC, and decrease C1-C2 levels of dopamine and serotonin in wild-type mice. NTG treatment itself did not change adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet activation measured by CD62P upregulation in wild-type mice. Platelet depletion by anti-mouse CD41 antibody and clopidogrel attenuated NTG-induced thermal hypersensitivity and head grooming time in mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, our findings show that acute inhibition of P2Y12 Rs alleviates migraine-like pain in mice, by modulating the expression of c-fos, and platelet P2Y12 Rs might contribute to this effect. Hence, it is suggested that the blockade of P2Y12 Rs may have therapeutic potential against migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flóra Gölöncsér
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Baranyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Iring
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hricisák
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Otrokocsi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Sperlágh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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McCarson KE, Fehrenbacher JC. Models of Inflammation: Carrageenan- or Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-Induced Edema and Hypersensitivity in the Rat. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e202. [PMID: 34314105 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of inflammation are used to assess the production of inflammatory mediators at sites of inflammation, the processing of pain sensation at CNS sites, the anti-inflammatory properties of agents such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the efficacy of putative analgesic compounds in reversing cutaneous hypersensitivity. Detailed in this article are methods to elicit and measure carrageenan- and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced cutaneous inflammation. Due to possible differences between the dorsal root sensory system and the trigeminal sensory system, injections into either the footpad or vibrissal pad are described. In this manner, cutaneous inflammation can be assessed in tissue innervated by the lumbar dorsal root ganglion neurons (footpad) or by the trigeminal ganglion neurons (vibrissal pad). © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E McCarson
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (KIDDRC), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jill C Fehrenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Tuka B, Nyári A, Cseh EK, Körtési T, Veréb D, Tömösi F, Kecskeméti G, Janáky T, Tajti J, Vécsei L. Clinical relevance of depressed kynurenine pathway in episodic migraine patients: potential prognostic markers in the peripheral plasma during the interictal period. J Headache Pain 2021; 22:60. [PMID: 34171996 PMCID: PMC8229298 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-021-01239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuropeptide levels play a central role in migraine pathomechanism. Previously, we confirmed that kynurenic acid, an endogenous glutamatergic antagonist, was able to decrease the expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1–38, a neuropeptide with known migraine-inducing properties. Hence, our aim was to reveal the role of the peripheral kynurenine pathway (KP) in episodic migraineurs. We focused on the complete tryptophan (Trp) catabolism, which comprises the serotonin and melatonin routes in addition to kynurenine metabolites. We investigated the relationship between metabolic alterations and clinical characteristics of migraine patients. Methods Female migraine patients aged between 25 and 50 years (n = 50) and healthy control subjects (n = 34) participated in this study. Blood samples were collected from the cubital veins of subjects (during both the interictal/ictal periods in migraineurs, n = 47/12, respectively). 12 metabolites of Trp pathway were determined by neurochemical measurements (UHPLC-MS/MS). Results Plasma concentrations of the most Trp metabolites were remarkably decreased in the interictal period of migraineurs compared to healthy control subjects, especially in the migraine without aura (MWoA) subgroup: Trp (p < 0.025), L-kynurenine (p < 0.001), kynurenic acid (p < 0.016), anthranilic acid (p < 0.007), picolinic acid (p < 0.03), 5-hydroxy-indoleaceticacid (p < 0.025) and melatonin (p < 0.023). Several metabolites showed a tendency to elevate during the ictal phase, but this was significant only in the cases of anthranilic acid, 5-hydroxy-indoleaceticacid and melatonin in MWoA patients. In the same subgroup, higher interictal kynurenic acid levels were identified in patients whose headache was severe and not related to their menstruation cycle. Negative linear correlation was detected between the interictal levels of xanthurenic acid/melatonin and attack frequency. Positive associations were found between the ictal 3-hydroxykynurenine levels and the beginning of attacks, just as between ictal picolinic acid levels and last attack before ictal sampling. Conclusions Our results suggest that there is a widespread metabolic imbalance in migraineurs, which manifests in a completely depressed peripheral Trp catabolism during the interictal period. It might act as trigger for the migraine attack, contributing to glutamate excess induced neurotoxicity and generalised hyperexcitability. This data can draw attention to the clinical relevance of KP in migraine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10194-021-01239-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Tuka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u 6, Szeged, H6725, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Aliz Nyári
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u 6, Szeged, H6725, Hungary
| | - Edina Katalin Cseh
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u 6, Szeged, H6725, Hungary
| | - Tamás Körtési
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u 6, Szeged, H6725, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Veréb
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Tömösi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kecskeméti
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Janáky
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Tajti
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u 6, Szeged, H6725, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u 6, Szeged, H6725, Hungary. .,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. .,Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Differential Effects of Angiotensin-II Compared to Phenylephrine on Arterial Stiffness and Hemodynamics: A Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Humans. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051108. [PMID: 34062957 PMCID: PMC8147945 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (PE) and Angiotensin II (Ang II) are both potent vasoconstrictors at peripheral resistance arteries. PE has pure vasoconstrictive properties. Ang II, additionally, modulates central nervous blood pressure (BP) control via sympathetic baroreflex resetting. However, it is unknown whether Ang II vs. PE mediated vasoconstriction at equipressor dose uniformly or specifically modifies arterial stiffness. We conducted a three-arm randomized placebo-controlled cross-over trial in 30 healthy volunteers (15 female) investigating the effects of Ang II compared to PE at equal systolic pressor dose on pulse wave velocity (PWV), pulse wave reflection (augmentation index normalized to heart rate 75/min, AIx) and non-invasive hemodynamics by Mobil-O-Graph™ and circulating core markers of endothelial (dys-)function. PE but not Ang II-mediated hypertension induced a strong reflex-decrease in cardiac output. Increases in PWV, AIx, total peripheral resistance and pulse pressure, in contrast, were stronger during PE compared to Ang II at equal mean aortic BP. This was accompanied by minute changes in circulating markers of endothelial function. Moreover, we observed differential hemodynamic changes after stopping either vasoactive infusion. Ang II- and PE-mediated BP increase specifically modifies arterial stiffness and hemodynamics with aftereffects lasting beyond mere vasoconstriction. This appears attributable in part to different interactions with central nervous BP control including modified baroreflex function.
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The Role of the Kynurenine Signaling Pathway in Different Chronic Pain Conditions and Potential Use of Therapeutic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176045. [PMID: 32842609 PMCID: PMC7503462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) is an essential, aromatic amino acid catabolized by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) enzymes into kynurenine. The IDO enzyme is expressed in peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Another enzyme of interest in the kynurenine signaling pathway is kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO). The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of TRP and the kynurenine signaling pathway in different chronic pain patients. The IDO-1, IDO-2, and KMO enzymes and the kynurenine metabolite have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and other painful conditions (migraine, cluster headache, etc.) as well as depressive behavior. We highlighted the analgesic potential of novel agents targeting the enzymes of the kynurenine signaling pathway to explore their efficacy in both future basic science and transitional studies. Upcoming studies conducted on animal models will need to take into consideration the differences in TRP metabolism between human and non-human species. Since chronic painful conditions and depression have common pathophysiological patterns, and the kynurenine signaling pathway is involved in both of them, future clinical studies should aim to have outcomes targeting not only pain, but also functionality, mood changes, and quality of life.
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