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Mondal S, Rathor R, Singh SN, Suryakumar G. miRNA and leptin signaling in metabolic diseases and at extreme environments. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1248. [PMID: 39017237 PMCID: PMC11253706 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of growing concern about the dysregulation of metabolic processes arises due to complex interplay between environment and nutrition that has great impact on genetics and epigenetics of an individual. Thereby, any abnormality at the level of food intake regulating hormones may contribute to the development of metabolic diseases in any age group due to malnutrition, overweight, changing lifestyle, and exposure to extreme environments such as heat stress (HS), cold stress, or high altitude (HA). Hormones such as leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, and cholecystokinin regulate appetite and satiety to maintain energy homeostasis. Leptin, an adipokine and a pleiotropic hormone, play major role in regulating the food intake, energy gain and energy expenditure. Using in silico approach, we have identified the major genes (LEP, LEPR, JAK2, STAT3, NPY, POMC, IRS1, SOCS3) that play crucial role in leptin signaling pathway. Further, eight miRNAs (hsa-miR-204-5p, hsa-miR-211-5p, hsa-miR-30, hsa-miR-3163, hsa-miR-33a-3p, hsa-miR-548, hsa-miR-561-3p, hsa-miR-7856-5p) from TargetScan 8.0 database were screened out that commonly target these genes. The role of these miRNAs should be explored as they might play vital role in regulating the appetite, energy metabolism, metabolic diseases (obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation), and to combat extreme environments. The miRNAs regulating leptin signaling and appetite may be useful for developing novel therapeutics for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrita Mondal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied SciencesDelhiIndia
| | - Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied SciencesDelhiIndia
| | - Som Nath Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied SciencesDelhiIndia
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Zhang L, Xu S, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Liu X. Transcriptomic profiling and characterization of microRNAs in Macrobrachium rosenbergii potentially involved in immune response to Enterobacter cloacae infection. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106291. [PMID: 37557932 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae is a member of the Enterobacter family, which could prevent Macrobrachium rosenbergii from growing and cause mass mortality. However, no research has focused on microRNA immunity in M. rosenbergii infected with E. cloacae. To clarify the immune response mechanisms, transcriptomic analysis was performed on the miRNAs of M. rosenbergii infected with E. cloacae YZ3 strain. Following quality screening, 10,616,712 clean reads were obtained from the control group and 12,726,421 from the infected group. Among 899 known miRNAs, 446 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Meanwhile, 59 novel miRNAs were predicted, along with 39 DEMs. Target genes of DEMs have been predicted in order to gain a deeper understanding of the immune-related functions. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed the biological functions and signaling pathways of target genes. The results indicated that E. cloacae significantly affected the NOD-like receptor, RIG-I-like receptor and Toll-like receptor pathways. Ten DEMs were randomly selected, and their expression level was verified by Quantitative Real-time PCR technology. Overall, this study highlights the influential role of miRNAs in the innate immune system of M. rosenbergii, which has important implications for developing new strategies to prevent and treat related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sunan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zheling Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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3
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Xu WT, Shi LL, Xu J, Qian H, Zhou H, Wang LH. Ezrin expression in female reproductive tissues: A review of regulation and pathophysiological implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1125881. [PMID: 36968198 PMCID: PMC10030596 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1125881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, a plasma membrane-microfilament linker, is a cytoskeletal organizer involved in many cellular activities by binding to the membrane protein-ezrin-cytoskeletal protein complex and regulating downstream signal transduction. Increasing evidence demonstrates that ezrin plays an important role in regulating cell polarity, proliferation and invasion. In this study, we analyzed the effects of ezrin on oocytes, follicle development, embryo development and embryo implantation. We reviewed the recent studies on the modalities of ezrin regulation and its involvement in the biological processes of female reproductive physiology and summarized the current research advances in ezrin inhibitors. These studies will provide new strategies and insights for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Xu
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Li Shi
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiqing Qian
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Huifang Zhou, ; Li-Hong Wang,
| | - Li-Hong Wang
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Huifang Zhou, ; Li-Hong Wang,
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Xia Y, Wang D, Piao Y, Chen M, Wang D, Jiang Z, Liu B. Modulation of immunosuppressive cells and noncoding RNAs as immunotherapy in osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025532. [PMID: 36457998 PMCID: PMC9705758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common bone cancer is osteosarcoma (OS), which mostly affects children and teenagers. Early surgical resection combined with chemotherapy significantly improves the prognosis of patients with OS. Existing chemotherapies have poor efficacy in individuals with distant metastases or inoperable resection, and these patients may respond better to novel immunotherapies. Immune escape, which is mediated by immunosuppressive cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME), is a major cause of poor OS prognosis and a primary target of immunotherapy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, and tumour-associated macrophages are the main immunosuppressor cells, which can regulate tumorigenesis and growth on a variety of levels through the interaction in the TME. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of OS cells can all be impacted by the expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which can also influence how immunosuppressive cells work and support immune suppression in TME. Interferon, checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) T cells for OS have all been developed using information from studies on the metabolic properties of immunosuppressive cells in TME and ncRNAs in OS cells. This review summarizes the regulatory effect of ncRNAs on OS cells as well as the metabolic heterogeneity of immunosuppressive cells in the context of OS immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Xia
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Piao
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minqi Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Sirikaew N, Pruksakorn D, Chaiyawat P, Chutipongtanate S. Mass Spectrometric-Based Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery in Osteosarcoma: Current Status and Future Direction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179741. [PMID: 36077137 PMCID: PMC9456544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to a lack of novel therapies and biomarkers, the clinical outcomes of osteosarcoma patients have not significantly improved for decades. The advancement of mass spectrometry (MS), peptide quantification, and downstream pathway analysis enables the investigation of protein profiles across a wide range of input materials, from cell culture to long-term archived clinical specimens. This can provide insight into osteosarcoma biology and identify candidate biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and stratification of chemotherapy response. In this review, we provide an overview of proteomics studies of osteosarcoma, indicate potential biomarkers that might be promising therapeutic targets, and discuss the challenges and opportunities of mass spectrometric-based proteomics in future osteosarcoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutnicha Sirikaew
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (S.C.)
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Barik GK, Sahay O, Paul D, Santra MK. Ezrin gone rogue in cancer progression and metastasis: An enticing therapeutic target. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188753. [PMID: 35752404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer as it remains the most complicated, devastating, and enigmatic aspect of cancer. Several decades of extensive research have identified several key players closely associated with metastasis. Among these players, cytoskeletal linker Ezrin (the founding member of the ERM (Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin) family) was identified as a critical promoter of metastasis in pediatric cancers in the early 21st century. Ezrin was discovered 40 years ago as a aminor component of intestinal epithelial microvillus core protein, which is enriched in actin-containing cell surface structures. It controls gastric acid secretion and plays diverse physiological roles including maintaining cell polarity, regulating cell adhesion, cell motility and morphogenesis. Extensive research for more than two decades evinces that Ezrin is frequently dysregulated in several human cancers. Overexpression, altered subcellular localization and/or aberrant activation of Ezrin are closely associated with higher metastatic incidence and patient mortality, thereby justifying Ezrin as a valuable prognostic biomarker in cancer. Ezrin plays multifaceted role in multiple aspects of cancer, with its significant contribution in the complex metastatic cascade, through reorganizing the cytoskeleton and deregulating various cellular signaling pathways. Current preclinical studies using genetic and/or pharmacological approaches reveal that inactivation of Ezrin results in significant inhibition of Ezrin-mediated tumor growth and metastasis as well as increase in the sensitivity of cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we discuss the recent advances illuminating the molecular mechanisms responsible for Ezrin dysregulation in cancer and its pleiotropic role in cancer progression and metastasis. We also highlight its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in various cancers. More importantly, we put forward some potential questions, which we strongly believe, will stimulate both basic and translational research to better understand Ezrin-mediated malignancy, ultimately leading to the development of Ezrin-targeted cancer therapy for the betterment of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Barik
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Osheen Sahay
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Debasish Paul
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
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MicroRNAs and osteosarcoma: Potential targets for inhibiting metastasis and increasing chemosensitivity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115094. [PMID: 35588853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the third most common cancer in young adults after lymphoma and brain cancer. Metastasis, like other cellular events, is dependent on signaling pathways; a series of changes in some proteins and signaling pathways pave the way for OS cells to invade and migrate. Ezrin, TGF-β, Notch, RUNX2, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), Wnt/β-catenin, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT are among the most important of these proteins and signaling pathways. Despite the improvements in treating OS, the overall survival of patients suffering from the metastatic disease has not experienced any significant change after surgical treatments and chemotherapy and 5-years overall survival in patients with metastatic OS is about 20%. Studies have shown that overexpression or inhibition of some microRNAs (miRNAs) has significant effects in limiting the invasion and migration of OS cells. The results of these studies highlight the potential of the clinical application of some miRNA mimics and miRNA inhibitors (antagomiRs) to inhibit OS metastasis in the future. In addition, some studies have shown that miRNAs are associated with the most important drug resistance mechanisms in OS, and some miRNAs are highly effective targets to increase chemosensitivity. The results of these studies suggest that miRNA mimics and antagomiRs may be helpful to increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of metastatic OS. In this article, we discussed the role of various signaling pathways and the involved miRNAs in the metastasis of OS, attempting to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on OS metastasis and chemosensitivity.
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Xu J, Zhang W. EZR promotes pancreatic cancer proliferation and metastasis by activating FAK/AKT signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:521. [PMID: 34627255 PMCID: PMC8502343 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a member of the ERM (ezrin-radixin-moesin) protein family, EZR has been recognized as a regulator of adhesion signal pathways by researchers. Moreover, EZR was thought to play irreplaceable roles in invasion and metastasis of versatile cancers. In this study, we managed to undermine the effect of EZR on proliferation and metastasis in pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods To analyze the impact of EZR expression on overall survival and free diseases survival of PC patients, we screened abnormally expressed EZR in PC using the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO database) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Following, Gene Ontology (GO)-based functional analysis and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to predicate the possible biological processes in which EZR were involved. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of PC patients were analyzed according to clinical data. Further, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and real time PCR analysis were conducted to analyze the expression level of EZR in PC and paired paracancerous tissues. The effect of EZR on proliferation of PC cell lines were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and meanwhile, Transwell assay was performed to detect the effect of EZR on invasion and migration of PC cell. Result EZR exhibited higher expression level in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell than paracancerous tissues and cell, and its expression level was positively correlated with poor overall survival and diseases-free survival in PC patients. CCK8 assay indicated that EZR facilitated the proliferation of PC cells, meanwhile, Transwell assay showed that EZR promoted the migration and invasion of PC cells. The GO analysis predicated that EZR was involved in biological processes including cell adhesion, ameboidal-type cell migration, cell junction assembly. Through GSEA analysis, pancreatic cancer pathway, and the adhesion junction pathway were screened as the mostly enriched pathways in EZR-regulated pathological process. The inhibition of EZR suppressed proliferation and migration of PC cells. Western blot experiment revealed a positive correlation between EZR and FAK, the proliferation invasion and migration ability of PC cells were significantly decreased after knockdown of EZR. Conclusion Our finding revealed EZR accelerated the progression of PC via FAK/AKT signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02222-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery 1, Institute of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic-Intestinal Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 Maoyuan nan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchang, 637000, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchang, 637000, China
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Liang T, Chen J, Xu G, Zhang Z, Xue J, Zeng H, Jiang J, Chen T, Qin Z, Li H, Ye Z, Nie Y, Liu C, Zhan X. TYROBP, TLR4 and ITGAM regulated macrophages polarization and immune checkpoints expression in osteosarcoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19315. [PMID: 34588497 PMCID: PMC8481262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We established a relationship among the immune-related genes, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), and immune checkpoints in patients with osteosarcoma. The gene expression data for osteosarcoma were downloaded from UCSC Xena and GEO database. Immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected to calculate the risk score. “Estimate” was used for immune infiltrating estimation and “xCell” was used to obtain 64 immune cell subtypes. Furthermore, the relationship among the risk scores, immune cell subtypes, and immune checkpoints was evaluated. The three immune-related genes (TYROBP, TLR4, and ITGAM) were selected to establish a risk scoring system based on their integrated prognostic relevance. The GSEA results for the Hallmark and KEGG pathways revealed that the low-risk score group exhibited the most gene sets that were related to immune-related pathways. The risk score significantly correlated with the xCell score of macrophages, M1 macrophages, and M2 macrophages, which significantly affected the prognosis of osteosarcoma. Thus, patients with low-risk scores showed better results with the immune checkpoints inhibitor therapy. A three immune-related, gene-based risk model can regulate macrophage activation and predict the treatment outcomes the survival rate in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Liang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - GuoYong Xu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zide Zhang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Xue
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Zeng
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyou Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojie Qin
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Nie
- Guangxi Medical University, No.22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang C, Liu F, Xiao S, He L, Wu W, Zhao Q. miR-29a-3p enhances the radiosensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by inhibiting ADAM12. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34587717 PMCID: PMC8490946 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the head and neck, and radiotherapy is the main approach for this disease, while irradiation resistance is a huge challenge that influences radiosensitivity. This study aims to determine the role and function of miR-29a-3p and ADAM12 in the radiosensitivity of OSCC cells. The expression pattern of ADAM12 in OSCC cells was searched in TCGA database. The binding of miR-29a-3p and ADAM12 was predicted by Starbase and verified using dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The RNA or protein expressions of miR-29a-3p and ADAM12 were measured by RT-qPCR or western blot. OSCC cell lines were treated by various γ-ray irradiation dosages before the alteration on miR-29a-3p expression and on the cell viability, proliferation, migration and cell apoptosis was detected. ADAM12 was highly expressed in OSCC cells, whose expression in resistant cells was positively correlated with irradiation dosage. Overexpression of ADAM12 in OSCC cells lead to increased cell proliferation and migration ability as well as inhibited cell apoptosis. miRNAs potentially binding ADAM12 in PITA, microT, miRmap and targetscan were screened, among which miR-29a-3p had the maximum differential expression levels in OSCC cells determined by RT-qPCR. Overexpression of miR-29a-3p resulted in suppressed cell viability, proliferation, migration ability and increased cell apoptosis, while this expression pattern can be partially counteracted by ADAM12 overexpression in OSCC cells. miR-29a-3p through targeting and inhibiting AMDM12 enhances the radiosensitivity of OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Radiotherapy (One), Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Radiotherapy (One), Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.
| | - Shuai Xiao
- Department of Head and Neck Radiotherapy (One), Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.
| | - Lili He
- Department of Head and Neck Radiotherapy (One), Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.
| | - Wenqiong Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Radiotherapy (One), Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Radiotherapy (One), Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.
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Huang Q, Chen L, Bai Q, Tong T, Zhou Y, Li Z, Lu C, Chen S, Chen L. The roles of microRNAs played in lung diseases via regulating cell apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4265-4275. [PMID: 34398353 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of endogenous non-coding short-chain RNA, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of many essential cellular functions, including cellular migration, proliferation, invasion, autophagy, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and differentiation. The lung can be damaged by pathogenic microorganisms, as well as physical or chemical factors. Research has confirmed that miRNAs and lung cell apoptosis can affect the development and progression of several lung diseases. This article reviews the role of miRNAs in the development of lung disease through regulating host cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Huang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qinqin Bai
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Tong
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Chunxue Lu
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shenghua Chen
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, College of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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12
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Dräger O, Metz K, Busch M, Dünker N. Role of L1CAM in retinoblastoma tumorigenesis: identification of novel therapeutic targets. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:957-981. [PMID: 34228897 PMCID: PMC8847994 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The study presented focuses on the role of the neuronal cell adhesion molecule L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) in retinoblastoma (RB), the most common malignant intraocular childhood tumor. L1CAM is differentially expressed in a variety of human cancers and has been suggested as a promising therapeutic target. We likewise observed differential expression patterns for L1CAM in RB cell lines and patient samples. The two proteases involved in ectodomain shedding of L1CAM (L1CAM sheddases: ADAM10 and ADAM17) were likewise differentially expressed in the RB cell lines investigated, and an involvement in L1CAM processing in RB cells could be verified. We also identified ezrin, galectin-3, and fibroblast growth factor basic as L1CAM signaling target genes in RB cells. Lentiviral L1CAM knockdown induced apoptosis and reduced cell viability, proliferation, growth, and colony formation capacity of RB cells, whereas L1CAM-overexpressing RB cells displayed the opposite effects. Chicken chorioallantoic membrane assays revealed that L1CAM depletion decreases the tumorigenic and migration potential of RB cells in vivo. Moreover, L1CAM depletion decreased viability and tumor growth of etoposide-resistant RB cell lines upon etoposide treatment in vitro and in vivo. Thus, L1CAM and its processing sheddases are potential novel targets for future therapeutic RB approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Dräger
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Germany
| | - Klaus Metz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Germany
| | - Maike Busch
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Germany
| | - Nicole Dünker
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Germany
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13
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Breast Cancer and the Other Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063280. [PMID: 33807045 PMCID: PMC8005115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is very heterogenous and the most common gynaecological cancer, with various factors affecting its development. While its impact on human lives and national health budgets is still rising in almost all global areas, many molecular mechanisms affecting its onset and development remain unclear. Conventional treatments still prove inadequate in some aspects, and appropriate molecular therapeutic targets are required for improved outcomes. Recent scientific interest has therefore focused on the non-coding RNAs roles in tumour development and their potential as therapeutic targets. These RNAs comprise the majority of the human transcript and their broad action mechanisms range from gene silencing to chromatin remodelling. Many non-coding RNAs also have altered expression in breast cancer cell lines and tissues, and this is often connected with increased proliferation, a degraded extracellular environment, and higher endothelial to mesenchymal transition. Herein, we summarise the known abnormalities in the function and expression of long non-coding RNAs, Piwi interacting RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs and small nuclear RNAs in breast cancer, and how these abnormalities affect the development of this deadly disease. Finally, the use of RNA interference to suppress breast cancer growth is summarised.
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14
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Ray A, Kunhiraman H, Perera RJ. The Paradoxical Behavior of microRNA-211 in Melanomas and Other Human Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 10:628367. [PMID: 33628737 PMCID: PMC7897698 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.628367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis leverage many regulatory agents, such as signaling molecules, transcription factors, and regulatory RNA molecules. Among these, regulatory non-coding RNAs have emerged as molecules that control multiple cancer types and their pathologic properties. The human microRNA-211 (MIR211) is one such molecule, which affects several cancer types, including melanoma, glioblastoma, lung adenocarcinomas, breast, ovarian, prostate, and colorectal carcinoma. Previous studies suggested that in certain tumors MIR211 acts as a tumor suppressor while in others it behaves as an oncogenic regulator. Here we summarize the known molecular genetic mechanisms that regulate MIR211 gene expression and molecular pathways that are in turn controlled by MIR211 itself. We discuss how cellular and epigenetic contexts modulate the biological effects of MIR211, which exhibit pleiotropic effects. For example, up-regulation of MIR211 expression down-regulates Warburg effect in melanoma tumor cells associated with an inhibition of the growth of human melanoma cells in vitro, and yet these conditions robustly increase tumor growth in xenografted mice. Signaling through the DUSP6-ERK5 pathway is modulated by MIR211 in BRAFV600E driven melanoma tumors, and this function is involved in the resistance of tumor cells to the BRAF inhibitor, Vemurafenib. We discuss several alternate but testable models, involving stochastic cell-to-cell expression heterogeneity due to multiple equilibria involving feedback circuits, intracellular communication, and genetic variation at miRNA target sties, to reconcile the paradoxical effects of MIR211 on tumorigenesis. Understanding the precise role of this miRNA is crucial to understanding the genetic basis of melanoma as well as the other cancer types where this regulatory molecule has important influences. We hope this review will inspire novel directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Ray
- Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, United States
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Haritha Kunhiraman
- Cancer & Blood Disorder Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, South, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Ranjan J. Perera
- Cancer & Blood Disorder Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, South, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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15
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Liu H, Wang J, Yan R, Jin S, Wan Z, Cheng J, Li N, Chen L, Le C. MicroRNA-204-5p mediates sevoflurane-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells by targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1353-1361. [PMID: 33006132 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane is widely used as an inhalational anesthetic in clinical practice. However, sevoflurane can cause cytotoxicity and induce learning capacity decline in patients. A previous publication indicated that miR-204-5p might have a close relationship with sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. When exposed to sevoflurane, the expression of miR-204-5p in neonatal hippocampus of rats was significantly increased. Hence, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-204-5p in sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity using a mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line (HT22). METHODS The levels of miR-204-5p in HT22 cells were detected by RT-qPCR. In addition, the effects of miR-204-5p on cell viability, apoptosis and proliferation were evaluated by CCK-8, flow cytometric, and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. Western blotting was used to detect expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, active caspase 3, BDNF, TrkB, p-TrkB, Akt and p-Akt in HT22 cells. ELISA assay was used to examine the levels of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. Meanwhile, the dual luciferase reporter system assay was employed to explore the interaction of miR-204-5p and BDNF in cells. RESULTS The level of miR-204-5p was increased in sevoflurane-treated HT22 cells. Moreover, downregulation of miR-204-5p inhibited sevoflurane-induced apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation by upregulating the proteins of Bcl-2 and downregulating the expressions of Bax and active caspase-3 in HT22 cells. In addition, inhibition of miR-204-5p alleviated sevoflurane-induced oxidative injuries in HT22 cells via decline of ROS and MDA and upregulation of SOD and GSH. Furthermore, bioinformatics and dual luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-204-5p can inhibit the TrkB/Akt pathway by targeting BDNF. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that downregulation of miR-204-5p can decrease oxidative status in HT22 cells and alleviate sevoflurane-induced cytotoxicity through stimulating the BDNF/TrkB/Akt pathway. Therefore, miR-204-5p might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Rongrong Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shuangfen Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Chengjin Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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16
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Wu G, Zhang M. A novel risk score model based on eight genes and a nomogram for predicting overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:456. [PMID: 32448271 PMCID: PMC7245838 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to identify a predictive model to predict survival outcomes of osteosarcoma (OS) patients. METHODS A RNA sequencing dataset (the training set) and a microarray dataset (the validation set) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between metastatic and non-metastatic OS samples were identified in training set. Prognosis-related DEGs were screened and optimized by support vector machine (SVM) recursive feature elimination. A SVM classifier was built to classify metastatic and non-metastatic OS samples. Independent prognosic genes were extracted by multivariate regression analysis to build a risk score model followed by performance evaluation in two datasets by Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis. Independent clinical prognostic indicators were identified followed by nomogram analysis. Finally, functional analyses of survival-related genes were conducted. RESULT Totally, 345 DEGs and 45 prognosis-related genes were screened. A SVM classifier could distinguish metastatic and non-metastatic OS samples. An eight-gene signature was an independent prognostic marker and used for constructing a risk score model. The risk score model could separate OS samples into high and low risk groups in two datasets (training set: log-rank p < 0.01, C-index = 0.805; validation set: log-rank p < 0.01, C-index = 0.797). Tumor metastasis and RS model status were independent prognostic factors and nomogram model exhibited accurate survival prediction for OS. Additionally, functional analyses of survival-related genes indicated they were closely associated with immune responses and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. CONCLUSION An eight-gene predictive model and nomogram were developed to predict OS prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Wu
- Departments of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province China
| | - Minglei Zhang
- Departments of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province China
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17
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Fellenberg J, Lehner B, Saehr H, Schenker A, Kunz P. Tumor Suppressor Function of miR-127-3p and miR-376a-3p in Osteosarcoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122019. [PMID: 31847321 PMCID: PMC6966509 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of high-dose chemotherapy about 35 years ago, survival rates of osteosarcoma patients have not been significantly improved. New therapeutic strategies replacing or complementing conventional chemotherapy are therefore urgently required. MicroRNAs represent promising targets for such new therapies, as they are involved in the pathology of multiple types of cancer, and aberrant expression of several miRNAs has already been shown in osteosarcoma. In this study, we identified silencing of miR-127-3p and miR-376a-3p in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues and investigated their role as potential tumor suppressors in vitro and in vivo. Transfection of osteosarcoma cells (n = 6) with miR-127-3p and miR-376a-3p mimics significantly inhibited proliferation and reduced the colony formation capacity of these cells. In contrast, we could not detect any influence of miRNA restoration on cell cycle and apoptosis induction. The effects of candidate miRNA restoration on tumor engraftment and growth in vivo were analyzed using a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Cells transfected with mir-127-3p and miR-376a-3p showed reduced tumor take rates and tumor volumes and a significant decrease of the cumulative tumor volumes to 41% and 54% compared to wildtype cells. The observed tumor suppressor function of both analyzed miRNAs indicates these miRNAs as potentially valuable targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Fellenberg
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, University of Heidelberg, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.L.); (H.S.); (A.S.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-29291
| | - Burkhard Lehner
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, University of Heidelberg, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.L.); (H.S.); (A.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Heiner Saehr
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, University of Heidelberg, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.L.); (H.S.); (A.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Astrid Schenker
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, University of Heidelberg, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.L.); (H.S.); (A.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Pierre Kunz
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, University of Heidelberg, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.L.); (H.S.); (A.S.); (P.K.)
- Clinic for Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Catholic Hospital Mainz, Rhineland-Pfalz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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18
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Bartoszewski R, Sikorski AF. Editorial focus: understanding off-target effects as the key to successful RNAi therapy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:69. [PMID: 31867046 PMCID: PMC6902517 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the first RNA interference (RNAi) drug (ONPATTRO (patisiran)) on the market, we witness the RNAi therapy field reaching a critical turning point, when further improvements in drug candidate design and delivery pipelines should enable fast delivery of novel life changing treatments to patients. Nevertheless, ignoring parallel development of RNAi dedicated in vitro pharmacological profiling aiming to identify undesirable off-target activity may slow down or halt progress in the RNAi field. Since academic research is currently fueling the RNAi development pipeline with new therapeutic options, the objective of this article is to briefly summarize the basics of RNAi therapy, as well as to discuss how to translate basic research into better understanding of related drug candidate safety profiles early in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksander F. Sikorski
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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