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Sinha A, So H. Synthesis of chiral graphene structures and their comprehensive applications: a critical review. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39171372 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
From a molecular viewpoint, chirality is a crucial factor in biological processes. Enantiomers of a molecule have identical chemical and physical properties, but chiral molecules found in species exist in one enantiomer form throughout life, growth, and evolution. Chiral graphene materials have considerable potential for application in various domains because of their unique structural framework, properties, and controlled synthesis, including chiral creation, segregation, and transmission. This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the synthesis of chiral graphene materials reported over the past decade, including chiral nanoribbons, chiral tunneling, chiral dichroism, chiral recognition, and chiral transfer. The second segment focuses on the diverse applications of chiral graphene in biological engineering, electrochemical sensors, and photodetectors. Finally, we discuss research challenges and potential future uses, along with probable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Sinha
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
| | - Hongyun So
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
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2
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Raad SH, Afshari-Bavil M, Liu D. Efficient and high-quality absorption enhancement using epsilon-near-zero cylindrical nano-shells constructed by graphene. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6742. [PMID: 38509124 PMCID: PMC10954738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed scattering analysis of a hollow-core plasmonic-shell cylindrical wire to design an efficient, compact, narrowband, and reconfigurable optical absorber. The shell is formed by a thin graphene material, investigated in its epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) plasmonic region. Compared to the graphene plasmonic resonances in the terahertz(THz)/far-infrared (FIR) frequencies, the ENZ plasmonic resonances offer a blue shift in the operating frequency of the second-order plasmonic resonances by increasing the geometrical dimensions. This feature is successfully used to design efficient optical wave absorbers with absorption cross-sections much larger than geometrical and scattering cross-sections. The observed blue shift in the resonance spectrum, which is the key point of the design, is further verified by defining each particle with its polarizability and fulfilling the resonant scattering condition in the framework of Mie's theory. Furthermore, graphene relaxation time and chemical potential can be used to manipulate the absorption rate. Observed resonances have narrow widths, achieved with simple geometry. To consider more practical scenarios, the one-dimensional arrangement of the cylindrical elements as a dense and sparse array is also considered and the design key point regarding graphene quality is revealed. The quality factor of the sparse array resonance is 2272.8 and it demands high-quality graphene material in design. It is also observed that due to the use of small particles in the design, the near-field and cooperative effects are not visible in the absorption cross-section of the array and a clear single peak is attained. This polarization-insensitive absorber can tolerate a wide range of incident angles with an absorption rate above 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Hayati Raad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Afshari-Bavil
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230037, China
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3
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Ji D, Li X, Rezeq M, Cantwell W, Zheng L. Long-Term Stable Thermal Emission Modulator Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37818-37827. [PMID: 37523775 PMCID: PMC10416147 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic control of a material's thermal emission could enable many emerging applications, such as thermal camouflage and infrared (IR) display. Low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials have shown great potential in these applications because of their tuneability in charge density via static gating or ionic intercalation. Herein, a thermal emission modulator based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is realized by ionic gating. The Fermi energy of the SWCNTs is shifted via the adsorption of ions on the surface, and the highest emissivity is observed at the neutral state while both P-type and N-type SWCNTs have a reduced emissivity. An emissivity modulation range is achieved approximately from 0.45 to 0.95 within the electrochemical window of the used ionic liquid. Thermal camouflage and IR display applications are then demonstrated by utilizing the tuneable thermal emissivity of the fabricated SWNCT films. More importantly, a single-layer structure allows effective dynamic control purely by static gating, without involving any ion interaction process that may cause structural damage, as observed in graphene and multi-walled nanotubes. Therefore, the SWCNT-based IR modulators exhibit long-term stability, with nearly identical modulation range and response time after 6000 dynamic tuning cycles, indicating great potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhuang Ji
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xuan Li
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moh’d Rezeq
- Department
of Physics, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- System
on Chip Center, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wesley Cantwell
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering and Aerospace Research and Innovation Center
(ARIC), Khalifa University of Science and
Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu
Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lianxi Zheng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Guan S, Cheng J, Chang S. Recent Progress of Terahertz Spatial Light Modulators: Materials, Principles and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101637. [PMID: 36295991 PMCID: PMC9610065 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) technology offers unparalleled opportunities in a wide variety of applications, ranging from imaging and spectroscopy to communications and quality control, where lack of efficient modulation devices poses a major bottleneck. Spatial modulation allows for dynamically encoding various spatial information into the THz wavefront by electrical or optical control. It plays a key role in single-pixel imaging, beam scanning and wavefront shaping. Although mature techniques from the microwave and optical band are not readily applicable when scaled to the THz band, the rise of metasurfaces and the advance of new materials do inspire new possibilities. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of THz spatial light modulators from the perspective of functional materials and analyze their modulation principles, specifications, applications and possible challenges. We envision new advances of this technique in the near future to promote THz applications in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Guan
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jierong Cheng
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shengjiang Chang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
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5
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All-Optical Modulation Technology Based on 2D Layered Materials. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13010092. [PMID: 35056256 PMCID: PMC8780208 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the advancement of photonics technologies, all-optical systems are highly demanded in ultrafast photonics, signal processing, optical sensing and optical communication systems. All-optical devices are the core elements to realize the next generation of photonics integration system and optical interconnection. Thus, the exploration of new optoelectronics materials that exhibit different optical properties is a highlighted research direction. The emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, black phosphorus (BP), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and MXene have proved great potential in the evolution of photonics technologies. The optical properties of 2D materials comprising the energy bandgap, third-order nonlinearity, nonlinear absorption and thermo-optics coefficient can be tailored for different optical applications. Over the past decade, the explorations of 2D materials in photonics applications have extended to all-optical modulators, all-optical switches, an all-optical wavelength converter, covering the visible, near-infrared and Terahertz wavelength range. Herein, we review different types of 2D materials, their fabrication processes and optical properties. In addition, we also summarize the recent advances of all-optical modulation based on 2D materials. Finally, we conclude on the perspectives on and challenges of the future development of the 2D material-based all-optical devices.
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Electro-Optical Biosensor Based on Embedded Double-Monolayer of Graphene Capacitor in Polymer Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203564. [PMID: 34685322 PMCID: PMC8537356 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present an interferometric polymer-based electro-optical device, integrated with an embedded double-monolayer graphene capacitor for biosensing applications. An external voltage across the capacitor applies an electric field to the graphene layers modifying their surface charge density and the Fermi level position in these layers. This in turn changes the electro-optic properties of the graphene layers making absorption in the waveguide tunable with external voltages. Simultaneously, it is possible to appreciate that this phenomenon contributes to the maximization of the light-graphene interaction by evanescent wave in the sensing area. As a result, it is obtained large phase changes at the output of the interferometer, as a function of small variations in the refractive index in the cladding area, which significantly increasing the sensitivity of the device. The optimum interaction length obtained was 1.24 cm considering a cladding refractive index of 1.33. An absorption change of 129 dB/mm was demonstrated. This result combined with the photonic device based on polymer technology may enable a low-cost solution for biosensing applications in Point of Care (PoC) platform.
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7
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Asghari A, Wang C, Yoo KM, Rostamian A, Xu X, Shin JD, Dalir H, Chen RT. Fast, accurate, point-of-care COVID-19 pandemic diagnosis enabled through advanced lab-on-chip optical biosensors: Opportunities and challenges. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 8:031313. [PMID: 34552683 PMCID: PMC8427516 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The sudden rise of the worldwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in early 2020 has called into drastic action measures to perform instant detection and reduce the rate of spread. Common clinical and nonclinical diagnostic testing methods have been partially effective in satisfying the increasing demand for fast detection point-of-care (POC) methods to slow down further spread. However, accurate point-of-risk diagnosis of this emerging viral infection is paramount as the need for simultaneous standard operating procedures and symptom management of SARS-CoV-2 will be the norm for years to come. A sensitive, cost-effective biosensor with mass production capability is crucial until a universal vaccination becomes available. Optical biosensors can provide a noninvasive, extremely sensitive rapid detection platform with sensitivity down to ∼67 fg/ml (1 fM) concentration in a few minutes. These biosensors can be manufactured on a mass scale (millions) to detect the COVID-19 viral load in nasal, saliva, urine, and serological samples, even if the infected person is asymptotic. Methods investigated here are the most advanced available platforms for biosensing optical devices that have resulted from the integration of state-of-the-art designs and materials. These approaches include, but are not limited to, integrated optical devices, plasmonic resonance, and emerging nanomaterial biosensors. The lab-on-chip platforms examined here are suitable not only for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection but also for other contagious virions such as influenza and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Asghari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Kyoung Min Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Ali Rostamian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Xu
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Jong-Dug Shin
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Hamed Dalir
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Ray T. Chen
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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8
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Zhang Y, Ding Y, Li C, Xu H, Liu C, Wang J, Ma Y, Ren J, Zhao Y, Yue W. An optic-fiber graphene field effect transistor biosensor for the detection of single-stranded DNA. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1839-1846. [PMID: 33885630 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a graphene field effect transistor (GFET) was constructed on an optic fiber end face to develop an integrated optical/electrical double read-out biosensor, which was used to detect target single-stranded DNA (tDNA). Two isolated Au electrodes were, respectively, prepared as the drain and source at the ends of an optic fiber and coated with a graphene film to construct a field effect transistor (FET). Probe aptamers modified with fluorophore 6'-carboxy-fluorescein (6'-FAM) were immobilized on the graphene for specific capture of tDNA. Graphene oxide (GO) was introduced to quench 6'-FAM and construct a fluorescence biosensor. Thus, a dual GFET and fluorescence biosensor was integrated on the end-face of an optic fiber. Following synchronous detection by fluorescence and FET methods, results showed satisfactory sensitivity for DNA detection. Compared with conventional biosensors using a single sensing technology, these dual sensing integrated biosensors significantly improved the reliability and accuracy of DNA detection. Furthermore, this proposed technique provides both a new biosensor for single-stranded DNA detection and a strategy for designing multi-sensing integrated biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Can Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Huaqiang Xu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Chunxiang Liu
- Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Junfeng Ren
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China. and Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yuefeng Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Weiwei Yue
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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9
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Hou C, Ma T, Gao J, Liu H, Wang F. Mid-infrared electro-optic modulator based on a graphene-embedded plasmonic rib waveguide with ultrahigh electro-optic wavelength tuning. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:2795-2802. [PMID: 33798154 DOI: 10.1364/ao.419388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A graphene-embedded plasmonic rib waveguide (GEPRW) is designed for the mid-infrared electro-optic modulator. The mode characteristics and electro-optic (EO) modulation performances are simulated and optimized by using the finite element method. The results show that propagation length of 103mm and figure of merit of 106 are obtained by adjusting the bias voltage applied to the GEPRW. The EO wavelength tunings are -66.69 and -78.87nm/V for peak L and peak R in the loss spectra when w=3µm and h1=2µm. For a 100 µm long GEPRW, the modulation depths of ∼96.4,∼97.1,∼93.7, and ∼94.9%, and FWHMs of ∼30,∼74,∼34, and ∼59nm can be achieved when λ=1.55, 1.87. 1.89, and 2.23 µm. The EO modulator based on the GEPRW has a wide wavelength tuning range from 1.05 to 2.23 µm. It has high modulation depth, low insertion loss, and broad bandwidth, which can be used as EO tunable devices such as optical interconnects and optical switches.
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Agarwal H, Terrés B, Orsini L, Montanaro A, Sorianello V, Pantouvaki M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Thourhout DV, Romagnoli M, Koppens FHL. 2D-3D integration of hexagonal boron nitride and a high-κ dielectric for ultrafast graphene-based electro-absorption modulators. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1070. [PMID: 33594048 PMCID: PMC7887197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electro-absorption (EA) waveguide-coupled modulators are essential building blocks for on-chip optical communications. Compared to state-of-the-art silicon (Si) devices, graphene-based EA modulators promise smaller footprints, larger temperature stability, cost-effective integration and high speeds. However, combining high speed and large modulation efficiencies in a single graphene-based device has remained elusive so far. In this work, we overcome this fundamental trade-off by demonstrating the 2D-3D dielectric integration in a high-quality encapsulated graphene device. We integrated hafnium oxide (HfO2) and two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) within the insulating section of a double-layer (DL) graphene EA modulator. This combination of materials allows for a high-quality modulator device with high performances: a ~39 GHz bandwidth (BW) with a three-fold increase in modulation efficiency compared to previously reported high-speed modulators. This 2D-3D dielectric integration paves the way to a plethora of electronic and opto-electronic devices with enhanced performance and stability, while expanding the freedom for new device designs. Here, three-dimensional hafnium oxide and two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride are integrated in the insulating section of double-layer graphene optical modulators, leading to a maximum bandwidth of 39 GHz and enhanced modulation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Agarwal
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), 08860, Spain
| | - Bernat Terrés
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), 08860, Spain.
| | - Lorenzo Orsini
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), 08860, Spain.,Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Fermi", Università di Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Alberto Montanaro
- Consorzio Nazionale per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Photonic Networks and Technologies National Laboratory, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Vito Sorianello
- Consorzio Nazionale per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Photonic Networks and Technologies National Laboratory, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | | | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tuskuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dries Van Thourhout
- Photonics Research Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-IMEC, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Marco Romagnoli
- Consorzio Nazionale per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Photonic Networks and Technologies National Laboratory, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Frank H L Koppens
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), 08860, Spain. .,ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
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Peng W, Liao Q, Song H. A nanograting-based flexible and stretchable waveguide for tactile sensing. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 33547515 PMCID: PMC7865040 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Based on the related characteristics of optical waveguide and flexible optical materials, a flexible and stretchable optical waveguide structure oriented to tactile perception is proposed. The sensing principle of optical waveguide is based on mechanical deformation caused by output light loss. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional optical waveguide devices, which are unable to conform to irregular surface. The flexible and stretchable optical waveguide is fabricated with nanoreplica molding method, and it has been applied to the measurement of pressure and strain in the field of tactile sensing. The flexible and stretchable optical waveguide had a strain detection range of 0 to 12.5%, and the external force detection range is from 0 to 23 × 10-3 N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Peng
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Qingxi Liao
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Han Song
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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12
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Kumar A, Sharma K, Dixit AR. Role of graphene in biosensor and protective textile against viruses. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110253. [PMID: 33254558 PMCID: PMC7481315 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a recently discovered infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Graphene is an emerging material due to its extraordinary performance in the field of electronics and antimicrobial textiles. Special attention devoted to graphene oxide-based materials due to its surface to volume ratio is very high which make it easy to attach biomolecules by simple adsorption or by crosslinking between reactive groups and the graphene surface. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have summarized the recent developments of graphene and its derivatives with possible virus detection and textile applications. Moreover, graphene strain sensors can be executed on high-performance textiles and high-throughput drug efficacy screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India.
| | - Kamal Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Amit Rai Dixit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
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13
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Joshi S, Kaushik BK. Transition metal dichalcogenides integrated waveguide modulator and attenuator in silicon nitride platform. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:435202. [PMID: 32659747 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aba579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Embedding transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) into optical devices enhance the light-matter interaction, which holds a great promise for designing compact integrated photonic components. The chemical composition and thickness of TMDs affect their electronic and optical properties. The optical properties demonstrate stable and strong gate tunable optical response near the excitonic transitions. These materials are, therefore, promising candidates for designing electro-optic modulators and attenuators. Here, an electro-absorption modulator is investigated based on integrating different TMD monolayers on silicon nitride waveguides near the excitonic binding energy. A comparison of absorption changes due to electrostatically induced charges in MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, WSe2, and graphene has been presented for modulator design. The results show that with the confinement factor of about 0.10% in the monolayer TMDs, the modulation strength is 10x higher in WS2 as compared to the graphene-based modulator design. The WS2 based modulator shows the highest modulation strength with an improvement by a factor of 5 as compared to Mo based designs. Further, the change in the spectral response of these materials with thickness and chemical composition has been exploited for the design of attenuator. A micro-opto-mechanical system technology with TMD integrated supersubstrate above a Si3N4 waveguide affecting the optical response is investigated. By replacing the TMD in the supersubstrate with Se atom instead of S in the MX2 and WX2 compound, the attenuation is shifted from visible to near-infrared range allowing tuning from 620 to 750 nm. The tuning of the attenuation wavelength will help the designer choose the best material for visible light photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Joshi
- Microelectronics and VLSI Group, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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14
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Zhong C, Li J, Lin H. Graphene-based all-optical modulators. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2020; 13:114-128. [PMID: 36641551 PMCID: PMC9743900 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-020-1020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
All-optical devices, which are utilized to process optical signals without electro-optical conversion, play an essential role in the next generation ultrafast, ultralow power-consumption optical information processing systems. To satisfy the performance requirement, nonlinear optical materials that are associated with fast response, high nonlinearity, broad wavelength operation, low optical loss, low fabrication cost, and integration compatibility with optical components are required. Graphene is a promising candidate, particularly considering its electrically or optically tunable optical properties, ultrafast large nonlinearity, and high integration compatibility with various nanostructures. Thus far, three all-optical modulation systems utilize graphene, namely free-space modulators, fiber-based modulators, and on-chip modulators. This paper aims to provide a broad view of state-of-the-art researches on the graphene-based all-optical modulation systems. The performances of different devices are reviewed and compared to present a comprehensive analysis and perspective of graphene-based all-optical modulation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronics and Smart System of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- School of Microelectronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Junying Li
- College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hongtao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronics and Smart System of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- School of Microelectronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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15
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Yang H, Chen W, Zheng X, Yang D, Hu Y, Zhang X, Ye X, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Peng G, Zhang X, Zhang R, Deng C, Qin S. Near-Infrared Photoelectric Properties of Multilayer Bi 2O 2Se Nanofilms. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:371. [PMID: 31820137 PMCID: PMC6901633 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The near-infrared (NIR) photoelectric properties of multilayer Bi2O2Se nanofilms were systematically studied in this paper. Multilayer Bi2O2Se nanofilms demonstrate a sensitive photo response to NIR, including a high photoresponsivity (~ 101 A/W), a quick response time (~ 30 ms), a high external quantum efficiency (~ 20,300%), and a high detection rate (1.9 × 1010 Jones). These results show that the device based on multilayer Bi2O2Se nanofilms might have great potentials for future applications in ultrafast, highly sensitive NIR optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- College of Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- College of Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Yuze Hu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Xiangzhe Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Gang Peng
- College of Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Xueao Zhang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Renyan Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China.
| | - Chuyun Deng
- College of Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China.
| | - Shiqiao Qin
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
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16
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Grinblat G, Abdelwahab I, Nielsen MP, Dichtl P, Leng K, Oulton RF, Loh KP, Maier SA. Ultrafast All-Optical Modulation in 2D Hybrid Perovskites. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9504-9510. [PMID: 31314482 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) have been recently shown to exhibit large nonlinear optical properties due to the strong excitonic effects present in their multiple quantum wells. In this work, we use nondegenerate pump-probe spectroscopy in the 600-1000 nm wavelength range to study the influence of nonlinear effects on the ultrafast dynamics of 2D RPP thin flakes. We find that, under sub-bandgap excitation, ∼100 nm thick perovskite sheets allow up to ∼2% reflectivity modulation within a 20 fs period, due to the nonlinear optical Kerr effect and two-photon absorption, surpassing by a factor of ∼5 the reported nonlinear performance of photonic metasurfaces and single nanoantennas. When the excitation is resonant with the excitonic absorption, the ultrafast nature of the nonlinear response is lost due to the presence of linear absorption creating long-lived free carriers. Our results suggest that 2D RPPs are potential nanoscale all-optical modulators in the visible/near-infrared waveband for applications such as ultrafast information processing, optical data transmission, and high-performance computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Grinblat
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Abdelwahab
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) and Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456 , Singapore
| | - Michael P Nielsen
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Paul Dichtl
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Kai Leng
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) and Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) and Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 80539 München , Germany
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17
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Nikbakht H, Latifi H, Parsanasab GM, Taghavi M, Riyahi M. Utilizing polarization-selective mode shaping by chalcogenide thin film to enhance the performance of graphene-based integrated optical devices. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12446. [PMID: 31455797 PMCID: PMC6711980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High refractive index (RI) thin films are capable of pulling waveguide mode profiles towards themselves. In this study, it is shown that by applying high RI coatings with specific thicknesses on the side of optical waveguides, significantly different mode profiles for orthogonal polarizations can be achieved. This phenomenon, that we call it polarization-selective mode shaping, can be extensively used in the enhancement of polarization-dependent integrated optical devices. As an illustrating application, a tri-layer structure consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate)/graphene/chalcogenide on a side-polished fiber is designed to realize an extremely high extinction ratio polarizer. This structure changes the mode profiles in a way that the attenuation of TE mode is maximized, while the power carried by the TM mode remains relatively constant. Simulations and experimental characterizations confirm that polarization-selective mode shaping coordinates four loss mechanisms to maximize the extinction ratio and minimize the insertion loss of the polarizer. The fabricated polarizer is examined in the O, C, and L telecommunication frequency bands. This configuration achieves the high extinction ratio of 51.3 dB and its maximum insertion loss in the tested wavelengths is 1.79 dB. The proposed polarizer has been compared with other state-of-the-art polarizers in the conclusion section which shows its superiority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Nikbakht
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran. .,Faculty of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran.
| | - Gholam-Mohammad Parsanasab
- Integrated Photonics Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Majid Taghavi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Maryam Riyahi
- Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, 6135743135, Iran
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Optical Transport Properties of Graphene Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Mid-Infrared Band. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9070354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The excellent transmission characteristics of graphene surface plasmon polaritons in mid-infrared band were analyzed and verified effectively through theoretical derivation and soft simulation in this paper. Meanwhile, a sandwich waveguide structure of dielectric–graphene–substrate–dielectric based on graphene surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) was presented. Simulation results indicate that graphene SPPs show unique properties in the mid-infrared region including ultra-compact mode confinement and dynamic tunability, which allow these SPPs to overcome the defects of metal SPPs and traditional silicon-based optoelectronic devices. Thus, they can be used to manufacture subwavelength devices. The work in this paper lays a theoretical foundation for the application of graphene SPPs in the mid-infrared region.
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He J, Tao L, Zhang H, Zhou B, Li J. Emerging 2D materials beyond graphene for ultrashort pulse generation in fiber lasers. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2577-2593. [PMID: 30693933 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09368g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast fiber lasers have significant applications in ultra-precision manufacturing, medical diagnostics, medical treatment, precision measurement and astronomical detection, owing to their ultra-short pulse width and ultra-high peak-power. Since graphene was first explored as an optical saturable absorber for passively mode-locked lasers in 2009, many other 2D materials beyond graphene, including phosphorene, antimonene, bismuthene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), topological insulators (TIs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MXenes, have been successively explored, resulting in rapid development of novel 2D materials-based saturable absorbers. Herein, we review the latest progress of the emerging 2D materials beyond graphene for passively mode-locked fiber laser application. These 2D materials are classified into mono-elemental, dual-elemental and multi-elemental 2D materials. The atomic structure, band structure, nonlinear optical properties, and preparation methods of 2D materials are summarized. Diverse integration strategies for applying 2D materials into fiber laser systems are introduced, and the mode-locking performance of the 2D materials-based fiber lasers working at 1-3 μm are discussed. Finally, the perspectives and challenges facing 2D materials-based mode-locked fiber lasers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan He
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Gao L, Ran H, Cao Y, Li Y, Huang W, Huang L, Feng D, Tang X, Zhu T. Coherent optical modulation of graphene based on coherent population oscillation. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:223-226. [PMID: 30644866 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The optical modulation of graphene circumvents the "electrical bottleneck" in electrical field tuning of the Fermi level and motivates diverse graphene-based controllable photonic devices with extraordinary performances. Unfortunately, pervious optical modulation schemes are incoherent, and the Fermi-Dirac distribution formed from a strong pump laser prevents the absorption of a weak probe laser due to the Pauli blocking, making the modulation inconvenient and low in efficiency. Here we demonstrate the coherent optical modulation of graphene based on coherent population oscillation, where ground state population oscillates with a beat frequency equal to the pump and probe frequency difference. To distinguish it from the coexisting incoherent modulation in graphene, a phase-sensitive pump-probe system is constructed with a fiber-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Clear resonance within the burning hole of a pump laser is observed in the interference spectrum of a coherent probe laser. The discovery of highly coherent ground state population oscillation in graphene offers new possibilities for manipulating and controlling the phase response of graphene-based photonics with high efficiency.
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Nidheesh PV. Graphene-based materials supported advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27047-27069. [PMID: 29081041 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) received much attention in the field of water and wastewater treatment due to its ability to mineralize persistent organic pollutants from water medium. The addition of graphene-based materials increased the efficiency of all AOPs significantly. The present review analyzes the performance of graphene-based materials that supported AOPs in detail. Recent developments in this field are highlighted. A special focus has been awarded for the performance enhancement mechanism of AOPs in the presence of graphene-based materials.
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