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Gao F, Hong W, Zhao Z, Zhang C, Deng X, Zhang Y. The construction of a three-dimensional donor/acceptor interface based on a bilayered titanium dioxide nanorod array-flower for perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:490-496. [PMID: 36511143 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05475b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have been considered as the new generation of photovoltaic devices due to their excellent performance. However, their finite interfacial stability limits their further commercialization. How to improve their stability is one of the important issues in current scientific research. Herein, a bilayered titanium dioxide nanorod array-flower (B-TiO2-NAF) was prepared as an electron transport material for hybrid perovskite solar cells in order to overcome this difficulty. A device based on B-TiO2-NAF exhibits an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.8% due to its low electron trap density (ntrap), low carrier recombination resistance (Rs), facilitated electron injection, and reduced nonradiative recombination rate. The application of B-TiO2-NAF provides a stable three-dimensional (3-D) D/A interface and shortens the internal photoexciton diffusion distance. As a result, the device shows excellent long-term stability, which is maintained at over 83% of the initial efficiency after 30 days. Our work should be beneficial for the preparation of 3-D semiconductor materials and provides new insights into highly stable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, P.R. China.
| | - Weihua Hong
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, P.R. China.
| | - Ziying Zhao
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, P.R. China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoting Deng
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, P.R. China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, P.R. China.
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Vasilopoulou M, Soultati A, Filippatos PP, Mohd Yusoff ARB, Nazeeruddin MK, Palilis LC. Charge transport materials for mesoscopic perovskite solar cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C 2022; 10:11063-11104. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tc00828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
An overview on recent advances in the fundamental understanding of how interfaces of mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (mp-PSCs) with different architectures, upon incorporating various charge transport layers, influence their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Anastasia Soultati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Petros-Panagis Filippatos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
- Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohhamad Khadja Nazeeruddin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
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3
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Regalado-Pérez E, Díaz-Cruz EB, Landa-Bautista J, Mathews NR, Mathew X. Impact of Vertical Inhomogeneity on the Charge Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Study by Depth-Dependent Photoluminescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11833-11844. [PMID: 33651611 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the vertical inhomogeneities which include uneven grains, voids, and grain boundaries are closely linked to the underlying charge transport layer which controls the nucleation and grain growth in the perovskite film. Herein, the vertical inhomogeneity of perovskite films in the device structure is analyzed by depth-dependent photoluminescence (PL) achieved with different excitation wavelengths. An analytical representation between vertical inhomogeneity and depth-dependent PL, parametrized with a factor, b, is introduced to understand the relation between inhomogeneity and charge recombination. Lower values of b correlate to lower vertical inhomogeneity and hence reduced recombination. The analytical representation is validated in two sets of devices that show remarkable differences in perovskite film morphology, device based on mesoporous TiO2 and planar SnO2. By exploring the morphological properties and the PL emission from different depths across the device structures, we show that the lower vertical inhomogeneity leads to more efficient charge carrier extraction in planar SnO2-based devices. Moreover, the SnO2-based devices exhibit lower Urbach energy, which concurs with the slow transient photovoltage decay, suggesting less defects and recombination losses. This work provides a broader understanding of the impact of vertical inhomogeneity on the charge extraction efficiency and presents a methodology to study quantitatively the inhomogeneity of perovskite films in device structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Regalado-Pérez
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, México
| | - Evelyn B Díaz-Cruz
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, México
| | - J Landa-Bautista
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, México
| | - N R Mathews
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, México
| | - X Mathew
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, México
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Mokhtar MZ, He J, Li M, Chen Q, Ke JCR, Lewis DJ, Thomas AG, Spencer BF, Haque SA, Saunders BR. Bioinspired scaffolds that sequester lead ions in physically damaged high efficiency perovskite solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:994-997. [PMID: 33399596 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02957b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs) are blended with TiO2 NPs to prepare mixed mesoporous scaffolds which are used to prepare high efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.98%. HAP not only increases the PCE but also limits the concentration of Pb released in water from intentionally broken PSCs by ion sequestration thereby potentially offering a promising in-device fail-safe system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Z Mokhtar
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jiangyu He
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Menghan Li
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jack Chun Ren Ke
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - David J Lewis
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Andrew G Thomas
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. and Photon Science Institute and The Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ben F Spencer
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. and Photon Science Institute and The Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Brian R Saunders
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Meng X, Chi K, Li Q, Cao Y, Song G, Liu B, Yang H, Fu W. Interfacial Modification of Mesoporous TiO 2 Films with PbI 2-Ethanolamine-Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solution for CsPbIBr 2 Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050962. [PMID: 32443581 PMCID: PMC7325578 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most frequently-used electron-transporting materials, the mesoporous titanium dioxide (m-TiO2) film used in mesoporous structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be employed for the scaffold of the perovskite film and as a pathway for electron transport, and the contact area between the perovskite and m-TiO2 directly determines the comprehensive performance of the PSCs. Because of the substandard interface combining quality between the all-inorganic perovskite CsPbIBr2 and m-TiO2, the development of the mesoporous structured CsPbIBr2 PSCs synthesized by the one-step method is severely limited. Here, we used a solution containing PbI2, monoethanolamine (EA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (PED) as the interfacial modifier to enhance the contact area and modify the m-TiO2/CsPbIBr2 contact characteristics. Comparatively, the performance of the solar device based on the PED-modified m-TiO2 layer has improved considerably, and its power conversion efficiency is up to 6.39%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Kailin Chi
- School of Science, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; (K.C.); (G.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China;
| | - Gengxin Song
- School of Science, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; (K.C.); (G.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Bao Liu
- School of Science, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; (K.C.); (G.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Haibin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Wuyou Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.M.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8516-8763-801; Fax: +86-431-8516-8763-801
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6
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Lian Q, Mokhtar MZ, Lu D, Zhu M, Jacobs J, Foster AB, Thomas AG, Spencer BF, Wu S, Liu C, Hodson NW, Smith B, Alkaltham A, Alkhudhari OM, Watson T, Saunders BR. Using Soft Polymer Template Engineering of Mesoporous TiO 2 Scaffolds to Increase Perovskite Grain Size and Solar Cell Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:18578-18589. [PMID: 32237709 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mesoporous (meso)-TiO2 layer is a key component of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, pore size controllable meso-TiO2 layers are prepared using spin coating of commercial TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) paste with added soft polymer templates (SPT) followed by removal of the SPT at 500 °C. The SPTs consist of swollen crosslinked polymer colloids (microgels, MGs) or a commercial linear polymer (denoted as LIN). The MGs and LIN were comprised of the same polymer, which was poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm). Large (L-MG) and small (S-MG) MG SPTs were employed to study the effect of the template size. The SPT approach enabled pore size engineering in one deposition step. The SPT/TiO2 nanoparticle films had pore sizes > 100 nm, whereas the average pore size was 37 nm for the control meso-TiO2 scaffold. The largest pore sizes were obtained using L-MG. SPT engineering increased the perovskite grain size in the same order as the SPT sizes: LIN < S-MG < L-MG and these grain sizes were larger than those obtained using the control. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the SPT/TiO2 devices were ∼20% higher than that for the control meso-TiO2 device and the PCE of the champion S-MG device was 18.8%. The PCE improvement is due to the increased grain size and more effective light harvesting of the SPT devices. The increased grain size was also responsible for the improved stability of the SPT/TiO2 devices. The SPT method used here is simple, scalable, and versatile and should also apply to other PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lian
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Muhamad Z Mokhtar
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Dongdong Lu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Mingning Zhu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Jacobs
- Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B Foster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G Thomas
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
- Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- The Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ben F Spencer
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
- The Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Shanglin Wu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel W Hodson
- BioAFM Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Smith
- SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulaziz Alkaltham
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Osama M Alkhudhari
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Trystan Watson
- SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Brian R Saunders
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
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Kim J, Lee Y, Yun AJ, Gil B, Park B. Interfacial Modification and Defect Passivation by the Cross-Linking Interlayer for Efficient and Stable CuSCN-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46818-46824. [PMID: 31741386 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study of the inorganic hole-transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is gathering attention because of the drawback of the conventional PSC design, where the organic HTL with salt dopants majorly participates in the degradation mechanisms. On the other hand, inorganic HTL secures better stability, while it offers difficulties in the deposition and interfacial control to realize high-performing devices. In this study, we demonstrate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as an ideal polymeric interlayer which prevents interfacial degradation and improves both photovoltaic performance and stability of CuSCN-based PSC by its cross-linking behavior. Surprisingly, the PDMS polymers are identified to form chemical bonds with perovskite and CuSCN, as shown by Raman spectroscopy. This novel cross-linking interlayer of PDMS enhances the hole-transporting property at the interface and passivates the interfacial defects, realizing the PSC with high power-conversion efficiency over 19%. Furthermore, the utilization of the PDMS interlayer greatly improves the stability of solar cells against both humidity and heat by mitigating the interfacial defects and interdiffusion. The PDMS-interlayered PSCs retained over 90% of the initial efficiencies, both after 1000 h under ambient conditions (unencapsulated) and after 500 h under 85 °C/85% relative humidity (encapsulated).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Alan Jiwan Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Bumjin Gil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Byungwoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
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Lee S, Flanagan JC, Kim J, Yun AJ, Lee B, Shim M, Park B. Efficient Type-II Heterojunction Nanorod Sensitized Solar Cells Realized by Controlled Synthesis of Core/Patchy-Shell Structure and CdS Cosensitization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19104-19114. [PMID: 31066260 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the successful application of core/patchy-shell CdSe/CdSe xTe1- x type-II heterojunction nanorods (HNRs) to realize efficient sensitized solar cells. The core/patchy-shell structure designed to have a large type-II heterointerface without completely shielding the CdSe core significantly improves photovoltaic performance compared to other HNRs with minimal or full-coverage shells. In addition, cosensitization with CdS grown by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction further improves the power conversion efficiency. One-diode model analysis reveals that the HNRs having exposed CdSe cores and suitably grown CdS result in significant reduction of series resistance. Investigation of the intercorrelation between diode quality parameters, diode saturation current density ( J0) and recombination order (β = (ideality factor)-1) reveals that HNRs with open CdSe cores exhibit reduced recombination. These results confirm that the superior performance of core/patchy-shell HNRs results from their fine-tuned structure: photocurrent is increased by the large type-II heterointerface and recombination is effectively suppressed due to the open CdSe core enabling facile electron extraction. An optimized power conversion efficiency of 5.47% (5.89% with modified electrode configuration) is reported, which is unmatched among photovoltaics utilizing anisotropic colloidal heterostructures as light-harvesting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangheon Lee
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08226 , Korea
| | - Joseph C Flanagan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Jaewook Kim
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08226 , Korea
| | - Alan Jiwan Yun
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08226 , Korea
| | - Byungho Lee
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08226 , Korea
| | - Moonsub Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Byungwoo Park
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08226 , Korea
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Microstructural Evolution of Hybrid Perovskites Promoted by Chlorine and its Impact on the Performance of Solar Cell. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4803. [PMID: 30886329 PMCID: PMC6423327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Cl in halide hybrid perovskites CH3NH3PbI3(Cl) (MAPbI3(Cl)) on the augmentation of grain size is still unclear although many reports have referred to these phenomena. Herein, we synthesized MAPbI3(Cl) perovskite films by using excess MACl-containing precursors, which exhibited approximately an order of magnitude larger grain size with higher <110>-preferred orientation compared with that from stoichiometric precursors. Comprehensive mechanisms for the large grain evolution by Cl incorporation were elucidated in detail by correlating the changes in grain orientation, distribution of grain size, and the remaining Cl in the perovskite during thermal annealing. In the presence of Cl, <110>- and <001>-oriented grains grew faster than other grains at the initial stage of annealing. Further annealing led to the dissipation of Cl, resulting in the shrinkage of <001> grains while <110> grains continuously grew, as analyzed by x-ray rocking curve and diffraction. As a result of reduced grain boundaries and enhanced <110> texture, the trap density of perovskite solar cells diminished by ~10% by incorporating MACl in the precursor, resulting in a fill factor more than 80%.
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Hwang T, Yun AJ, Kim J, Cho D, Kim S, Hong S, Park B. Electronic Traps and Their Correlations to Perovskite Solar Cell Performance via Compositional and Thermal Annealing Controls. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6907-6917. [PMID: 30668095 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, underlying factors for enabling efficient and stable performance of perovskite solar cells are studied through nanostructural controls of organic-inorganic halide perovskites. Namely, MAPbI3, (FA0.83MA0.17)Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3, and (Cs0.10FA0.75MA0.15)Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 perovskites (abbreviated as MA, FAMA, and CsFAMA, respectively) are examined with a grain growth control through thermal annealing. FAMA- and CsFAMA-based cells result in stable photovoltaic performance, while MA cells are sensitively dependent on the perovskite grain size dominated by annealing time. Micro-/nanoscopic features are comprehensively analyzed to unravel the origin that is directly correlated to the cell performance with the applications of electronic-trap characterizations such as photoconductive noise microscopy and capacitance analyses. It is revealed that CsFAMA has a lower trap density compared to MA and FAMA through the analyses of 1/ f noises and trapping/detrapping capacitances. Also, an open-circuit voltage ( Voc) change is correlated to the variation of trap states during the shelf-life test: FAMA and CsFAMA cells with the negligible change of Voc over weeks exhibit trap states shifting toward the band edge, although the power-conversion efficiencies are clearly reduced. The origins that critically affect the solar cell performance through the characterizations of shallow/deep traps with additional mobile defects in the perovskite and interfaces are discussed.
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11
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Impact of the titania nanostructure on charge transport and its application in hybrid solar cells. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Lee S, Flanagan JC, Lee B, Hwang T, Kim J, Gil B, Shim M, Park B. Route to Improving Photovoltaics Based on CdSe/CdSe xTe 1-x Type-II Heterojunction Nanorods: The Effect of Morphology and Cosensitization on Carrier Recombination and Transport. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31931-31939. [PMID: 28850210 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensionally elongated nanoparticles with type-II staggered band offset are of potential use as light-harvesting materials for photovoltaics, but only a limited attention has been given to elucidate the factors governing the cell performance obtainable from such materials. Herein, we describe a combined strategy to enhance charge collection from CdSe/CdSexTe1-x type-II heterojunction nanorods (HNRs) utilized as light harvesters for sensitized solar cells. By integrating morphology- and composition-tuned type-II HNRs into solar cells, factors that yield interfaces favorable both for the electron injection into TiO2 and hole transfer to electrolyte are examined. Furthermore, it is shown that a more efficient photovoltaic system results from cosensitization with CdS quantum dots (QDs) predeposited on a TiO2 scaffold, which improves charge collection from HNRs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis suggests that such a synergistically enhanced system benefits from the decreased recombination within HNRs and facilitated charge transport through the cosensitized TiO2 electrode, even with the activation of a recombination path presumably related to the photogenerated holes in CdS QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangheon Lee
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University , Seoul 08226, Korea
| | - Joseph C Flanagan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Byungho Lee
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University , Seoul 08226, Korea
| | - Taehyun Hwang
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University , Seoul 08226, Korea
| | - Jaewook Kim
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University , Seoul 08226, Korea
| | - Bumjin Gil
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University , Seoul 08226, Korea
| | - Moonsub Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Byungwoo Park
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University , Seoul 08226, Korea
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