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Piergiovanni M, Mattarozzi M, Verleysen E, Siciliani L, Suman M, Bianchi F, Mast J, Careri M. The Combined ICP-MS, ESEM-EDX, and HAADF-STEM-EDX Approach for the Assessment of Metal Sub-Micro- and Nanoparticles in Wheat Grain. Molecules 2024; 29:3148. [PMID: 38999099 PMCID: PMC11243335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal sub-microparticles (SMPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) presence in food is attributable to increasing pollution from the environment in raw materials and finished products. In the present study, a multifaceted analytical strategy based on Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy and High-Angle Annular Dark-Field-Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (ESEM-EDX, HAADF-STEM-EDX) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was proposed for the detection and characterization of metal and metal-containing SMPs and NPs in durum wheat samples, covering a size measurement range from 1 nm to multiple µm. ESEM-EDX and ICP-MS techniques were applied for the assessment of SMP and NP contamination on the surface of wheat grains collected from seven geographical areas characterized by different natural and anthropic conditions, namely Italy, the USA, Australia, Slovakia, Mexico, Austria, and Russia. ICP-MS showed significant differences among the mean concentration levels of metals, with the USA and Italy having the highest level. ESEM-EDX analysis confirmed ICP-MS concentration measurements and measured the highest presence of particles < 0.8 µm in size in samples from Italy, followed by the USA. Less marked differences were observed when particles < 0.15 µm were considered. HAADF-STEM-EDX was applied to a selected number of samples for a preliminary assessment of internal contamination by metal SMPs and NPs, and to expand the measurable particle size range. The multifaceted approach provided similar results for Fe-containing SMPs and NPs. ICP-MS and ESEM-EDX also highlighted the presence of a significant abundance of Ti- and Al-containing particles, while for STEM-EDX, sample preparation artifacts complicated the interpretation. Finally, HAADF-STEM-EDX results provided relevant information about particles in the low nm range, since, by applying this technique, no particles smaller than 50 nm were observed in accordance with ESEM-EDX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Piergiovanni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Mattarozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center on Safety, Technologies and Agri-Food Innovation (SITEIA.PARMA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Eveline Verleysen
- Service Trace Elements and Nanomaterials, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Uccle, Belgium
| | - Lisa Siciliani
- Service Trace Elements and Nanomaterials, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Uccle, Belgium
| | - Michele Suman
- Advanced Laboratory Research, Barilla G. e R. Fratelli S.p.A., Via Mantova, 166, 43122 Parma, Italy
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Catholic University Sacred Heart, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Federica Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Energy and Environment (CIDEA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 141/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Jan Mast
- Service Trace Elements and Nanomaterials, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Uccle, Belgium
| | - Maria Careri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center on Safety, Technologies and Agri-Food Innovation (SITEIA.PARMA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Tran TK, Nguyen MK, Lin C, Hoang TD, Nguyen TC, Lone AM, Khedulkar AP, Gaballah MS, Singh J, Chung WJ, Nguyen DD. Review on fate, transport, toxicity and health risk of nanoparticles in natural ecosystems: Emerging challenges in the modern age and solutions toward a sustainable environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169331. [PMID: 38103619 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In today's era, nanoparticles (NPs) have become an integral part of human life, finding extensive applications in various fields of science, pharmacy, medicine, industry, electronics, and communication. The increasing popularity of NP usage worldwide is a testament to their tremendous potential. However, the widespread deployment of NPs unavoidably leads to their release into the environmental matrices, resulting in persistence in ecosystems and bioaccumulation in organisms. Understanding the environmental behavior of NPs poses a significant challenge due to their nanoscale size. Given the current environmental releases of NPs, known negative consequences, and the limited knowledge available for risk management, comprehending the toxicity of NPs in ecosystems is both awaiting and crucial. The present review aims to unravel the potential environmental influences of nano-scaled materials, and provides in-depth inferences of the current knowledge and understanding in this field. The review comprehensively summarizes the sources, fate, transport, toxicity, health risks, and remediation solutions associated with NP pollution in aquatic and soil ecosystems. Furthermore, it addresses the knowledge gaps and outlines further investigation priorities for the sustainable control of NP pollution in these environments. By gaining a holistic understanding of these aspects, we can work toward ensuring the responsible and sustainable use of NPs in today's fast-growing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien-Khanh Tran
- Advanced Applied Sciences Research Group, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City 76100, Viet Nam; Faculty of Technology, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City 76100, Viet Nam
| | - Minh-Ky Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Tuan-Dung Hoang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Hanoi, VNU Town, Hoa Lac, Thach That District, Hanoi 155500, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Cong Nguyen
- Faculty of Technology, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City 76100, Viet Nam
| | - Aasif Mohmad Lone
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhil Pradiprao Khedulkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed S Gaballah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Jagpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - W Jin Chung
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, South Korea
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, South Korea; Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
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Thiruvengadam M, Chi HY, Kim SH. Impact of nanopollution on plant growth, photosynthesis, toxicity, and metabolism in the agricultural sector: An updated review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108370. [PMID: 38271861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology provides distinct benefits to numerous industrial and commercial fields, and has developed into a discipline of intense interest to researchers. Nanoparticles (NPs) have risen to prominence in modern agriculture due to their use in agrochemicals, nanofertilizers, and nanoremediation. However, their potential negative impacts on soil and water ecosystems, as well as plant growth and physiology, have caused concern for researchers and policymakers. Concerns have been expressed regarding the ecological consequences and toxicity effects associated with nanoparticles as a result of their increased production and usage. Moreover, the accumulation of nanoparticles in the environment poses a risk, not only because of the possibility of plant damage but also because nanoparticles may infiltrate the food chain. In this review, we have documented the beneficial and detrimental effects of NPs on seed germination, shoot and root growth, plant biomass, and nutrient assimilation. Nanoparticles exert toxic effects by inducing ROS generation and stimulating cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, thereby leading to cell death in several plant species. We have provided possible mechanisms by which nanoparticles induce toxicity in plants. In addition to the toxic effects of NPs, we highlighted the importance of nanomaterials in the agricultural sector. Thus, understanding the structure, size, and concentration of nanoparticles that will improve plant growth or induce plant cell death is essential. This updated review reveals the multifaceted connection between nanoparticles, soil and water pollution, and plant biology in the context of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Youn Chi
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Díaz-García V, Haensgen A, Inostroza L, Contreras-Trigo B, Oyarzun P. Novel Microsynthesis of High-Yield Gold Nanoparticles to Accelerate Research in Biosensing and Other Bioapplications. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:992. [PMID: 38131752 PMCID: PMC10742281 DOI: 10.3390/bios13120992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit unique properties that make them appealing for applications in biosensing and other emerging fields. Despite the availability of numerous synthesis methods, important questions remain to be addressed regarding the volume effect on the synthesis yield and quality of AuNPs in the light of biosensing research. The present study addresses these issues by developing a novel microvolumetric citrate-reduction method to improve the synthesis of AuNPs, which were characterized by electronic microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, zeta potential and colorimetric analysis. A comparison of the novel microsynthesis method with the standard Turkevich method demonstrated its superior performance in terms of yield, monodispersity, rapidity (in one step), reproducibility, and stability. The analytical behavior of AuNPs-based aptasensors prepared by microsynthesis was investigated using kanamycin detection and showed higher reproducibility and improved detection limits (3.4 times) compared to those of Turkevich AuNPs. Finally, the effect of pH was studied to demonstrate the suitability of the method for the screening of AuNP synthesis parameters that are of direct interest in biosensing research; the results showed an optimal pH range between 5.0 and 5.5. In summary, the approach described herein has the potential to improve research capabilities in biosensing, with the added benefits of lowering costs and minimizing waste generation in line with current trends in green nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Díaz-García
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4080871, Chile; (A.H.); (L.I.); (B.C.-T.)
| | | | | | | | - Patricio Oyarzun
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4080871, Chile; (A.H.); (L.I.); (B.C.-T.)
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Castanha RF, Pereira ADES, Villarreal GPU, Vallim JH, Pertrini FS, Jonsson CM, Fraceto LF, Castro VLSSD. Ecotoxicity studies of two atrazine nanoformulations: From the evaluation of stability in media to the effects on aquatic organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122235. [PMID: 37543073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In the field of agriculture, nanopesticides have been developed as an alternative to the conventional pesticides, being more efficient for pest control. However, before their widespread application it is essential to evaluate their safe application and no environmental impacts. In this paper, we evaluated the toxicological effects of two kinds of atrazine nanoformulations (ATZ NPs) in different biological models (Raphidocelis subcapitata, Danio rerio, Lemna minor, Artemia salina, Lactuca sativa and Daphnia magna) and compared the results with nanoparticle stability over time and the presence of natural organic matter (NOM). The systems showed different characteristics for Zein (ATZ NPZ) (184 ± 2 nm with a PDI of 0.28 ± 0.04 and zeta potential of (30.4 ± 0.05 mV) and poly(epsilon-caprolactone (ATZ PCL) (192 ± 3 nm, polydispersity (PDI) of 0.28 ± 0.28 and zeta potential of -18.8 ± 1.2 mV) nanoparticles. The results showed that there is a correlation between nanoparticles stability and the presence of NOM in the medium and Environmental Concentrations (EC) values. The stability loss or an increase in nanoparticle size result in low toxicity for R. subcapitata and L. minor. For D. magna and D. rerio, the presence of NOM in the medium reduces the ecotoxic effects for ATZ NPZ nanoparticles, but not for ATZ NPs, showing that the nanoparticles characteristics and their interaction with NOM can modulate toxic effects. Nanoparticle stability throughout the evaluation must be considered and become an integral part of toxicity protocol guidelines for nanopesticides, to ensure test quality and authentic results regarding nanopesticide effects in target and non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anderson do Espírito Santo Pereira
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba (ICTS), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Avenida Três de Março, 511, 18087-180, Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Patricia Unigarro Villarreal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba (ICTS), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Avenida Três de Março, 511, 18087-180, Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - José Henrique Vallim
- Embrapa Environment, Rod SP 340, km 127.5, 13918-110, Jaguariúna, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sana Pertrini
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba (ICTS), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Avenida Três de Março, 511, 18087-180, Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Claudio Martín Jonsson
- Embrapa Environment, Rod SP 340, km 127.5, 13918-110, Jaguariúna, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba (ICTS), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Avenida Três de Março, 511, 18087-180, Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil
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