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Guo K, Yan L, He Y, Li H, Lam SS, Peng W, Sonne C. Phytoremediation as a potential technique for vehicle hazardous pollutants around highways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121130. [PMID: 36693585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the synchronous development of highway construction and the urban economy, automobiles have entered thousands of households as essential means of transportation. This paper reviews the latest research progress in using phytoremediation technology to remediate the environmental pollution caused by automobile exhaust in recent years, including the prospects for stereoscopic forestry. Currently, most automobiles on the global market are internal combustion vehicles using fossil energy sources as the primary fuel, such as gasoline, diesel, and liquid or compressed natural gas. The composition of vehicle exhaust is relatively complex. When it enters the atmosphere, it is prone to a series of chemical reactions to generate various secondary pollutants, which are very harmful to human beings, plants, animals, and the eco-environment. Despite improving the automobile fuel quality and installing exhaust gas purification devices, helping to reduce air pollution, the treatment costs of these approaches are expensive and cannot achieve zero emissions of automobile exhaust pollutants. The purification of vehicle exhaust by plants is a crucial way to remediate the environmental pollution caused by automobile exhaust and improve the environment along the highway by utilizing the ecosystem's self-regulating ability. Therefore, it has become a global trend to use phytoremediation technology to restore the automobile exhaust pollution. Now, there is no scientific report or systematic review about how plants absorb vehicle pollutants. The screening and configuration of suitable plant species is the most crucial aspect of successful phytoremediation. The mechanisms of plant adsorption, metabolism, and detoxification are reviewed in this paper to address the problem of automobile exhaust pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Guo
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lijun Yan
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yifeng He
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hanyin Li
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
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Wu CM, Adetona O, Song C. Acute cardiovascular responses of wildland firefighters to working at prescribed burn. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 237:113827. [PMID: 34403889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Wildland firefighters at prescribed burns are exposed to elevated levels of wildland fire smoke (WFS) while performing physically demanding tasks. WFS exposure has been linked to increases in hospital and emergency admissions for cardiovascular disorders in the general population. However, knowledge about the cardiovascular effect of occupational WFS exposure among wildland firefighters is limited. To provide a better understanding of the effect of this exposure scenario on acute hemodynamic responses, resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) and heart rate (HR) of wildland firefighters were measured before (pre-shift), after (post-shift), and the morning (next morning) immediately following prescribed burn shifts (burn days) and regular work shifts (non-burn days). A total of 38 firefighters (34 males and 4 females) participated in this study and resting BP and HR were recorded on 9 burn days and 7 non-burn days. On burn days, HR significantly increased from pre-to post-shift (13.25 bpm, 95% CI: 7.47 to 19.02 bpm) while SBP significantly decreased in the morning following the prescribed burns compared to pre-shift (-6.25 mmHg, 95% CI: -12.30 to -0.20 mmHg). However, this was due to the decrease of SBP in the firefighters who were hypertensive (-8.46 mmHg, 95% CI: -16.08 to -0.84 mmHg). Significant cross-shift reductions (post-shift/next morning vs. pre-shift) were observed in SBP on burn days compared to non-burn days (-7.01 mmHg, 95% CI: -10.94 to -3.09 mmHg and -8.64 mmHg, 95% CI: -13.81 to -3.47 mmHg, respectively). A significant reduction on burn days was also observed from pre-shift to the following morning for HR compared to non-burn days (-7.28 bpm, 95% CI: -13.50 to -1.06 bpm) while HR significantly increased in pre-to post-shift on burn days compared to non-burn days (10.61 bpm, 95% CI: 5.05 to 16.17 bpm). The decreased BP observed in wildland firefighters might be due to a high level of carbon monoxide exposure and exercise-induced hypotension. The increase in HR immediately after prescribed burns might be attributable to WFS exposure and physical exertion in prescribed burn shifts. The results suggest that wildland firefighting exposure might cause a distinct hemodynamic response, including SBP reduction and HR increment, especially for those who have pre-existing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ming Wu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Olorunfemi Adetona
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chi Song
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Golinko V, Cheberyachko S, Deryugin O, Tretyak O, Dusmatova O. Assessment of the Risks of Occupational Diseases of the Passenger Bus Drivers. Saf Health Work 2020; 11:543-549. [PMID: 33329922 PMCID: PMC7728822 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The working conditions of bus drivers are difficult; they lead to occupational diseases and require careful study, particularly in Ukraine. The objective of the article is the description of occupational health risks of passenger bus drivers that lead to deteriorating health. Methods The risk assessment was performed using a modified Risk Score method, which allowed determining the generalized level of danger to the driver's health. The hygienic hazards level was assessed as based on Stevenson's law, which was generalized later. Results Based on the modification of the Risk Score method, it was possible to depart from expert assessments method of the risk level and calculate the general indicator based on the degree of dependence of the impact on the human body on its intensity, proposed by V. Minko. This allows objective determining of the impact of hygiene hazards on the health of the driver and to predict the occurrence of occupational diseases associated with the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, and partial or complete disability due to the accumulation of emotional fatigue. The hazard assessment was carried out for three brands of passenger buses common in Ukraine, in which the driver is exposed to the dangers of fever, vibration, noise, harmful impurities in the bus cabin, and emotional load. Conclusion The health of drivers in the cabins of passenger buses is most affected by hygiene hazards: fever, vibration, and emotional stress. The generalized level of risk is calculated by the modified method of Risk Score is 0.83; -0.99, -0.92 respectively.
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In-Vehicle Exposures at Transportation and the Health Concerns. CURRENT TOPICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7123345 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9182-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In-vehicle environment is a special indoor environment, which is mobile, either open or closed. This chapter reviewed in-vehicle air quality and passenger exposures for roadway commuters, commercial airplanes, and marine transportation. The sources of pollutants in-vehicle can be categorized as the same as other indoor environments, including outdoor air, human activity, emission from building material and interior furnisher, and biological metabolic process from animals and microbes. However, the exposure in vehicles varies from now and then, influenced by window open/closed, speed, air flow, ventilation on/off, air conditioner on/off, pollutants from ambient outdoor air, interior material, and number of passengers. There are few studies on health condition of passengers, except infectious disease during airway transportation. Some health studies of related occupations are reviewed.
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Cheng J, Xu Z, Zhang X, Zhao H, Hu W. Estimating cardiovascular hospitalizations and associated expenses attributable to ambient carbon monoxide in Lanzhou, China: Scientific evidence for policy making. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:514-522. [PMID: 31129539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Air pollution is an important trigger of cardiovascular disease worldwide, but few studies have determined the cardiovascular disease, health, and economic burdens attributable to ambient carbon monoxide (CO). This study aimed to examine the association between CO and CVD hospitalizations, and quantified the attributable CVD hospitalizations, associated hospital stays and hospitalization costs for CO in Lanzhou, one of the most air-polluted Chinese cities historically. METHODS Daily data on CVD hospitalizations, air pollutants, and weather records from 2013 to 2017 were obtained for Lanzhou, China. Generalized additive model with a quasi-Poisson link was used to model the association between CO and CVD hospitalizations, after controlling for other air pollutants, weather conditions, day of week, long-term trend, influenza and pneumonia incidence. The effects of CO on hospital stays and hospitalization expenses from CVD were also quantified. RESULTS CO concentrations below the current Chinese ambient air quality standard had a significant impact on CVD hospitalizations. Each 1 mg/m3 increase in CO concentration on the present day and previous 4 days (lag 0-4) was associated with an 11% (95% confidence interval: 3%-20%) increase in total CVD hospitalizations. During the study period, CO was responsible for 11.74% of total CVD hospitalizations, equating to 62,792 inpatient days and 149 million RMB. Each adult patient on average spent approximately 5% of annual salary on medicine from CO-related CVD treatment during hospitalization. Maintaining the historical CO concentration within 1 to 3 mg/m3 could avert hundreds of total CVD hospitalizations and save millions of RMB annually in Lanzhou, China. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to low-level ambient CO concentration increased the risk of CVD hospitalizations and resulted in substantial health and economic burdens in Lanzhou, China. Our findings can be used for evidence-based practice and policy making to assess the cost-effectiveness of prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- Department of Information, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
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Hui Y, Yan J. Effect of electrosurgery in the operating room on surgeons' blood indices: a simulation model and experiment on rabbits. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:5245-5256. [PMID: 30343611 PMCID: PMC6300964 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518804376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine the content of surgical smoke in the operating room, and the health effects of exposure to surgical smoke on surgeons. Methods We measured the content of surgical smoke in the operating room. The effect of exposure to surgical smoke on surgeons was examined using rabbits. Surgical smoke distribution was simulated to study the route of spread of surgical smoke. The effect of an evacuator was also evaluated. Results In the operating room during electrosurgery, there was a high-content zone of surgical smoke (1.5 × 10−2%, carbon monoxide; 3.0 × 10−2%, carbon dioxide). In rabbit experiments, all groups that were exposed to surgical smoke showed significantly higher carboxyhemoglobin levels than did controls. Exposure to a high content of surgical smoke had a greater effect on blood indices than working continuously in the operating room. Conclusions During electro-laparotomy, carbon monoxide in the high-content and low-content zones is higher than the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s limit. Carboxyhemoglobin levels may be > 10% with continuous operations over a week in the high-content zone in the operating room. Even with an evacuator, surgeons’ blood indices can still be affected by surgical smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hui
- 1 Department of Reproductive Medicine, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Yan
- 2 Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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