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Abdullahi AS, Yasin YJ, Shah SM, Ahmed LA, Grivna M. Seat belt use among pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates: the Mutaba'ah Study. Inj Prev 2024; 30:108-113. [PMID: 37940378 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motor vehicle collisions are a major cause of death and injury among pregnant women and their fetuses. Seat belt use compliance during pregnancy varies in different populations. We aimed to study seat belt use among pregnant women and factors affecting seat belt use during pregnancy in Al Ain City, the United Arab Emirates. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis used the baseline data collected from pregnant women participating in the Mutaba'ah Study from May 2017 to November 2022. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Variables included sociodemographic, gestation periods and seat belt-related information. All pregnant women who responded to the questions related to seat belt use were included (N=2354). RESULTS Seat belt use before and during pregnancy was estimated at 69.7% (95% CI 67.9% to 71.6%) and 65.5% (95% CI 63.6% to 67.4%), respectively. The reasons for not using seat belts during pregnancy included being uncomfortable to wear, habitual non-use and considering them unsafe for pregnancy. Age, higher levels of education of the pregnant woman or her spouse, being employed, having a sufficient household income, lower gestational age, and using a seat belt before pregnancy were positively associated with using a seat belt during pregnancy in the bivariate analyses. Pregnant women in their third trimester had independently significant lower odds of using a seat belt compared with those in the first trimester (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.76). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate decreased compliance with seat belt use during pregnancy and as gestation progressed. The decrease was related to several reasons, including feeling uncomfortable wearing seat belts, habitual non-use and unsafe for pregnancy, necessitating appropriate measures to increase awareness. Raising public awareness about the advantages of wearing seat belts during pregnancy and the involvement of healthcare professionals in educating pregnant women are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu S Abdullahi
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Yasin J Yasin
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Environmental Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Syed M Shah
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Luai A Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Michal Grivna
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Riku S, Inden Y, Yanagisawa S, Fujii A, Tomomatsu T, Nakagomi T, Shimojo M, Okajima T, Furui K, Suga K, Suzuki S, Shibata R, Murohara T. Distributions and number of drivers on real-time phase mapping associated with successful atrial fibrillation termination during catheter ablation for non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2024; 67:303-317. [PMID: 37354370 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-023-01588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-time phase mapping (ExTRa™) is useful in determining the strategy of catheter ablation for non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to investigate the features of drivers of AF associated with its termination during ablation. METHODS Thirty-six patients who underwent catheter ablation for non-paroxysmal AF using online real-time phase mapping (ExTRa™) were enrolled. A significant AF driver was defined as an area with a non-passively activated ratio of ≥ 50% on mapping analysis in the left atrium (LA). All drivers were simultaneously evaluated using a low-voltage area, complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFAE), and rotational activity by unipolar electrogram analysis. The electrical characteristics of drivers were compared between patients with and without AF termination during the procedure. RESULTS Twelve patients achieved AF termination during the procedure. The total number of drivers detected on the mapping was significantly lower (4.4 ± 1.6 vs. 7.4 ± 3.8, p = 0.007), and the drivers were more concentrated in limited LA regions (2.8 ± 0.9 vs. 3.9 ± 1.4, p = 0.009) in the termination group than in the non-termination group. The presence of drivers 2-6 with limited (≤ 3) LA regions showed a tenfold increase in the likelihood of AF termination, with 83% specificity and 67% sensitivity. Among 231 AF drivers, the drivers related to termination exhibited a greater overlap of CFAE (56.8 ± 34.1% vs. 39.5 ± 30.4%, p = 0.004) than the non-related drivers. The termination group showed a trend toward a lower recurrence rate after ablation (p = 0.163). CONCLUSIONS Rotors responsible for AF maintenance may be characterized in cases with concentrated regions and fewer drivers on mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuro Riku
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuya Inden
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yanagisawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Aya Fujii
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toshiro Tomomatsu
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nakagomi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shimojo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Okajima
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Koichi Furui
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Suga
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Rei Shibata
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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Pire A, Hirsch TZ, Morcrette G, Imbeaud S, Gupta B, Pilet J, Cornet M, Fabre M, Guettier C, Branchereau S, Brugières L, Guerin F, Laithier V, Coze C, Nagae G, Hiyama E, Laurent-Puig P, Rebouissou S, Sarnacki S, Chardot C, Capito C, Faure-Conter C, Aerts I, Taque S, Fresneau B, Zucman-Rossi J. Mutational signature, cancer driver genes mutations and transcriptomic subgroups predict hepatoblastoma survival. Eur J Cancer 2024; 200:113583. [PMID: 38330765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.113583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoblastoma is the most frequent pediatric liver cancer. The current treatments lead to 80% of survival rate at 5 years. In this study, we evaluated the clinical relevance of molecular features to identify patients at risk of chemoresistance, relapse and death of disease. METHODS All the clinical data of 86 children with hepatoblastoma were retrospectively collected. Pathological slides were reviewed, tumor DNA sequencing (by whole exome, whole genome or target) and transcriptomic profiling with RNAseq or 300-genes panel were performed. Associations between the clinical, pathological, mutational and transcriptomic data were investigated. RESULTS High-risk patients represented 44% of our series and the median age at diagnosis was 21.9 months (range: 0-208). Alterations of the WNT/ß-catenin pathway and of the 11p15.5 imprinted locus were identified in 98% and 74% of the tumors, respectively. Other cancer driver genes mutations were only found in less than 11% of tumors. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, disease-specific survival and poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were associated with 'Liver Progenitor' (p = 0.00049, p < 0.0001) and 'Immune Cold' (p = 0.0011, p < 0.0001) transcriptomic tumor subtypes, SBS35 cisplatin mutational signature (p = 0.018, p = 0.001), mutations in rare cancer driver genes (p = 0.0039, p = 0.0017) and embryonal predominant histological type (p = 0.0013, p = 0.0077), respectively. Integration of the clinical and molecular features revealed a cluster of molecular markers associated with resistance to chemotherapy and survival, enlightening transcriptomic 'Immune Cold' and Liver Progenitor' as a predictor of survival independent of the clinical features. CONCLUSIONS Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival in children treated for hepatoblastoma are associated with genomic and pathological features independently of the clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Pire
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, F-75006 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex Onco-Immunology, Institute du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP, F-75015 Paris, France; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Theo Z Hirsch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, F-75006 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex Onco-Immunology, Institute du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Morcrette
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, F-75006 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex Onco-Immunology, Institute du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP, F-75015 Paris, France; Pathology Department, AP-HP Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Imbeaud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, F-75006 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex Onco-Immunology, Institute du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Barkha Gupta
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, F-75006 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex Onco-Immunology, Institute du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jill Pilet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, F-75006 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex Onco-Immunology, Institute du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Marianna Cornet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, F-75006 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex Onco-Immunology, Institute du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Monique Fabre
- Pathology Department, AP-HP Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Guettier
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP Bicêtre Hospital, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sophie Branchereau
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, AP-HP Bicêtre Hospital, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurence Brugières
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Villejuif F-94805, France
| | - Florent Guerin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, AP-HP Bicêtre Hospital, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Carole Coze
- Department of Pediatric and Oncology, Hopital de La Timone, Aix Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Genta Nagae
- Genome Science Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiso Hiyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Biomedical Science, Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development (N-BARD), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, F-75006 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex Onco-Immunology, Institute du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Rebouissou
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, F-75006 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex Onco-Immunology, Institute du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sabine Sarnacki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, AP-HP Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Chardot
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, AP-HP Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Carmen Capito
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, AP-HP Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Faure-Conter
- Institut d'hématologie et d'oncologie pédiatrique de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Aerts
- Institut Curie, Oncology Center SIREDO, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Taque
- Pediatric Department hemato-oncology, CHU Rennes, F-35033 Rennes, France
| | - Brice Fresneau
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Villejuif F-94805, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, Cancer and Radiation Team, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, F-75006 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex Onco-Immunology, Institute du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP, F-75015 Paris, France; AP-HP, Department of Oncology, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France.
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Rad EH, Hosseinnia M, Mousavi N, Shekari A, Kouchakinejad-Eramsadati L, Khodadadi-Hassankiadeh N. Fatigue in taxi drivers and its relationship with traffic accident history and experiences: a cross-sectional study in the north of Iran. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:530. [PMID: 38378491 PMCID: PMC10880195 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The monotonous nature of work, long driving duration, and working overload hours cause frequent fatigue in taxi drivers. A high prevalence of fatigue is associated with traffic accidents. However, the risk factors associated with taxi driver fatigue are unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the rate of fatigue in taxi drivers and its relationship to their traffic accident experience. METHODS In this descriptive-analytical study, 400 taxi drivers in the city of Rasht were registered in Taxi association selected through random sampling and entered into the study based on inclusion criteria. Data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire reliable and valid by two medical students. The statistical analysis used ordinal data and a Poisson regression model with SPSS software version 21, with a significance level set at 5%. RESULTS The driver fatigue self-reported was directly and significantly related to alcohol consumption (OR = 3.43, 95% CI 1.01-11.62) and had a significant and inverse relationship with smoking (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.32-0.76), being married (OR = 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.40) and driving experience there was (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98). Drivers' sense of quality of life (QOL) was directly and significantly related to smoking (IRR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.28-1.59), education level under diploma (IRR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.43-4.06) diploma (IRR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.21-3.48) and bachelor (IRR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.36-4.29) and there was a significant and inverse relationship with age (IRR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.98-0.99). There was a significant relationship between the number of traffic accidents in the past year with the level of bachelor's degree (IRR = 3.10, 95% CI 1.43-6.76) and driving experience (IRR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.04 and inverse relationship between the number of traffic accidents in the past year and the QOL sense (IRR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99) and the working hours (IRR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.99). CONCLUSION Legislators and policymakers should pay more attention to fatigue in single and inexperienced taxi drivers. Regarding the QOL, pay attention to drivers with high education and older. To reduce the number of crashes, pay more attention to drivers with a bachelor's degree and less driving experience and improve the feeling of QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enayatollah Homaie Rad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Marjan Hosseinnia
- School of Pharmacy, Department of clinical and administrative sciences, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nima Mousavi
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arian Shekari
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Pandey M, Shah SK, Gromiha MM. Computational approaches for identifying disease-causing mutations in proteins. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol 2023; 139:141-171. [PMID: 38448134 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in genome sequencing have expanded the scope of investigating mutations in proteins across different diseases. Amino acid mutations in a protein alter its structure, stability and function and some of them lead to diseases. Identification of disease-causing mutations is a challenging task and it will be helpful for designing therapeutic strategies. Hence, mutation data available in the literature have been curated and stored in several databases, which have been effectively utilized for developing computational methods to identify deleterious mutations (drivers), using sequence and structure-based properties of proteins. In this chapter, we describe the contents of specific databases that have information on disease-causing and neutral mutations followed by sequence and structure-based properties. Further, characteristic features of disease-causing mutations will be discussed along with computational methods for identifying cancer hotspot residues and disease-causing mutations in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Suraj Kumar Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India; International Research Frontiers Initiative, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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Menezes-Júnior LAAD, Fajardo VC, Neto RMDN, Freitas SND, Oliveira FLPD, Pimenta FAP, Machado-Coelho GLL, Meireles AL. The predictive values of BOAH and No-apnea score for screening obstructive sleep apnea in rotating shift worker drivers. Sleep Med X 2023; 6:100084. [PMID: 37711594 PMCID: PMC10497842 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2023.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the BOAH (Body mass index, Observed apnea, Age, and Hypertension) and No-apnea score's diagnostic values for detecting obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk in shift workers. Methods Cross-sectional study with male rotating shift workers and drivers of heavy off-road machinery. The BOAH score is based on body mass index, witnessed apneas during sleep, age, and hypertension. The No-apnea score is based on neck circumference and age. Based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), the severity of OSA was categorized as least mild OSA (AHI ≥5/h), moderate to severe OSA (AHI ≥15/h), and severe OSA (AHI ≥30/h). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Results Among 119 workers evaluated, 84.0% had AHI ≥5, 46.2% had AHI ≥15, and 14.3% had AHI ≥30. BOAH score with 2 points for AHI ≥5, the AUC was 0.679, and sensitivity and specificity were 41.0% and 94.7%, respectively. No-apnea score with 3 points AHI ≥5, the AUC was 0.692, and sensitivity and specificity were 70.0% and 68.4%, respectively. Furthermore, using at least one of the positive scores, the AUC was higher when compared to the single tests for AHI ≥5 (AUC = 0.727). And when both scores were positive, the AUC was higher for AHI ≥30 (AUC = 0.706). Conclusion In rotating shift workers and drivers of heavy off-road machinery, BOAH, and No-apnea scores can be helpful tools in identifying individuals at risk for sleep apnea. In addition, matching the scores may increase the prediction of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virgínia Capistrano Fajardo
- Post-Graduate in Applied Sciences in Adult Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho
- Post-Graduate in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lúcia Meireles
- Post-Graduate in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
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Manongi N, Kim J, Goldbarg S. Dispersion electrogram detection with an artificial intelligence software in redo paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2023; 9:948-953. [PMID: 38204832 PMCID: PMC10774588 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoda Manongi
- Department of Internal Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, New York
| | - Joonhyuk Kim
- Division of Cardiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, New York
| | - Seth Goldbarg
- Division of Cardiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, New York
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Cunn G, Coleman K, Mountantonakis S. Currently approved imaging modalities of atrial fibrillation drivers: Are they in agreement? HeartRhythm Case Rep 2023; 9:755-758. [PMID: 38047190 PMCID: PMC10691946 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2023.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Cunn
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Northwell Health - Lenox Hill Heart & Lung, New York, New York
| | - Kristie Coleman
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Northwell Health - Lenox Hill Heart & Lung, New York, New York
| | - Stavros Mountantonakis
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Northwell Health - Lenox Hill Heart & Lung, New York, New York
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Watts R, Archibald T, Hembry P, Howard M, Kelly C, Loomes R, Markham L, Moss H, Munuve A, Oros A, Siddall A, Rhind C, Uddin M, Ahmad Z, Bryant-Waugh R, Hübel C. The clinical presentation of avoidant restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents is largely independent of sex, autism spectrum disorder and anxiety traits. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 63:102190. [PMID: 37680940 PMCID: PMC10480549 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a new eating disorder with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. It is unclear which patient characteristics contribute to its heterogeneity. Methods To identify these patient characteristics, we performed symptom-level correlation and driver-level regression analyses in our cross-sectional study in up to 261 ARFID patients (51% female; median age = 12.7 years) who were assessed at the Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, London between November 2019 and July 2022. Findings Symptoms across the three drivers 1) avoidance based on sensory characteristics of food; 2) apparent lack of interest in eating; and 3) concern about aversive consequences positively correlated with each other. Patients' anxiety traits showed the greatest positive correlations with symptoms of concern about aversive consequences of eating. Patient sex was not significantly associated with any of the three ARFID drivers. Patients with comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD; 28%) showed more food-related sensory sensitivities (RR = 1.26) and greater lack of interest in eating (RR = 1.18) than those of patients without ASD (49%). Interpretation In our clinical sample, the ARFID drivers occurred together and did not show clinically meaningful differences between the sexes. ASD may accentuate food-related sensory sensitivities and lack of interest, but may not drive a completely different symptom presentation. ARFID is multi-faceted and heterogenous, requiring a comprehensive multidisciplinary assessment to sufficiently understand the drivers of the restrictive eating behaviour. Results need replication in larger samples with more statistical power. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Watts
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanith Archibald
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Outpatient Service, Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pippa Hembry
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Outpatient Service, Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maxine Howard
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Outpatient Service, Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cate Kelly
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Outpatient Service, Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Loomes
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Outpatient Service, Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Markham
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Outpatient Service, Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Moss
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Outpatient Service, Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alfonce Munuve
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Outpatient Service, Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anca Oros
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Outpatient Service, Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Siddall
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Outpatient Service, Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Rhind
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Outpatient Service, Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Outpatient Service, Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zain Ahmad
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Bryant-Waugh
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Outpatient Service, Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
- Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Outpatient Service, Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Belachew SA, Hall L, Selvey LA. "Handing out non-prescribed antibiotics is storing up trouble for the next generation!" Unpacking multistakeholder views of drivers and potential solutions in Ethiopia. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:830. [PMID: 37550647 PMCID: PMC10405379 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis, with inappropriate antibiotic use often being linked to non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing practices. This study aimed to examine the perspectives of multiple stakeholders on the drivers and potential solutions for non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing in Ethiopian community drug retail outlets (CDROs). Despite the prescription only use policies, the practice remains prevalent in Ethiopia. Many factors are thought to contribute to this issue, although little research is available for non-urban settings. METHODS A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted. Pharmacy professionals (owners or employees) working in non-urban towns CDROs were selected through a simulated client study, which identified CDROs that had dispensed antibiotics without a prescription. Some high-level decision makers in the Ethiopian health system were also purposively selected. Interviews were conducted in-person and over the phone or via Zoom. The interview data were transcribed verbatim, translated to English, and thematically analysed. NVivo 12 software was used to assist with coding. RESULTS CDRO pharmacy professionals (n = 18) and five decision makers were interviewed. Most professionals (61%) were pharmacists working in drug stores, with one to 11 years of work experience. Several contributing factors were identified at the level of patients, CDRO staff, and the healthcare system. These included economic interests, inadequate knowledge and inappropriate attitudes about antibiotic use or supply, and issues within the healthcare system included inaccessibility and insufficient capacity, absence of or a weak enforcement of prescription-only regulations or service supervision. Additionally, patient-related factors included a lack of knowledge and inappropriate attitudes about antibiotics use and their supply, previous successful treatment experience and a culture of seeking out antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS A complex set of modifiable factors related to patients, CDRO staff and healthcare system were identified that contribute to the non-prescribed supply of antibiotics. Due to this complexity, a single solution will not resolve the issues. Therefore, a range of multifaceted solutions have been suggested, including stricter regulation, increasing availability and accessibility of healthcare services, collaboration, and local consensus-building among CDROs, regular training for CDRO staff, and using community social events to educate the public about responsible use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewunet Admasu Belachew
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Rd, Herston, Qld, 4006, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Lisa Hall
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Rd, Herston, Qld, 4006, Australia
| | - Linda A Selvey
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Rd, Herston, Qld, 4006, Australia
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11
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Mazengia EM, Kassie A, Zewdie A, Demissie GD. A qualitative study of perception related to risky driving behavior in Debre Markos City, North West Ethiopia, 2021. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:977. [PMID: 37237352 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 1.35 million deaths and around 50 million injuries are attributed to road traffic crashes every year in the world. In Ethiopia, road traffic crashes contributed to a fatality rate of 37 per 100,000 populations per year, and 83% of traffic crashes were attributed to risky driving behavior. This study aimed to explore perceptions related to risky driving behavior among public transport vehicle drivers in Debre Markos City, North West Ethiopia, in 2021. METHODS A generic qualitative study was conducted from August 05- September 15, 2021. A total of 17 participants (10 drivers, 4 drivers' training school instructors, and 3 traffic police officers) were selected by a purposive heterogeneous sampling technique. An open-ended interview guide was used during the interview, and all interviews were audio recorded. Data collected in the local language was transcribed verbatim and translated into English. The ATLAS-TI version 7.5 software was used to code the data, and finally, thematic analysis was done. RESULT Four themes were identified. The first theme was "transport safety rule and enforcement problem," which includes gaps in the transport safety rule itself and gaps in the implementation of the rule. The second theme was "Drivers' training curriculum and application gaps," which focuses on gaps in the training curriculum and its application during recruitment, training, and examination of trainees. The third theme was "technical and financial problems". This theme includes problems related to the vehicles' technical issues and the appropriateness of transport tariffs. The final theme was "passenger and vehicle owners' related problems". This theme is about the influence of passengers' and vehicle owners' practices on drivers' risky driving behavior. CONCLUSION Revising transport safety rules and strictly following the implementation of the drivers' training curriculum and transport safety rules should be given due attention. In addition, behavior change communications tailored to drivers and vehicle owners could be beneficial in reducing risky driving behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Melaku Mazengia
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
| | - Ayenew Kassie
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Behavior, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Zewdie
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Getu Debalkie Demissie
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Behavior, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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12
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Xu C. Economic inequality and carbon inequality: Multi-evidence from China's cities and counties. J Environ Manage 2023; 327:116871. [PMID: 36446194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite economic inequality (EI) and carbon inequality (CI) are both core targets for sustainable development goals (SDGs), the current studies on EI and CI still lacks in-depth investigation, hindering to formulate policy towards better balancing social welfare improvement and carbon emission reduction. To address the gap above, the study comprehensively analyzed on the trends and drivers of EI and CI in a case of 262 cities over 2002-2019 and 1434 counties over 2005-2017 in China at individual level and aggregate level, respectively. Further, we explored the decoupling relationship between EI and CI and corresponding driver using an inequality-based decoupling decomposition model we proposed. We found that almost all cities, counties and corresponding sub-groups presented overall declining trends for EI and CI except for county groups over the period, where the within difference was the main driver. Further, the change of population proportion and the regional ranking have promoted the reduction of EI and CI at city- and county-levels. Decoupling analysis implied that the main decoupling state between EI and CI was weak negative decoupling for cities and counties, where the changes in regional ranking and per capita carbon emission were the negative and positive drivers, respectively. The study highlights the importance of reducing EI and CI simultaneously for policy implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xu
- School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Kielminski D, Atkinson E, Peters D, Willson S, Atkinson T. Crash characteristics for classic/historic vehicles and comparisons to newer vehicles. J Safety Res 2023; 84:18-23. [PMID: 36868645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older vehicles, commonly referred to as "classic," "vintage," or "historic" vehicles (CVH), share the roadways with newer vehicles. Older vehicles lacking safety systems likely come with an increased risk of fatality, however there is no study examining the typical conditions for crashes involving CVH. METHOD This study utilized information from crashes occurring in 2012 to 2019 to estimate fatal crash rates for vehicles grouped by model year deciles. Data from crashes documented in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) FARS and GES/CRSS data sets were utilized to examine roadway, temporal, and crash types for passenger vehicles produced in 1970 or earlier (CVH). RESULTS These data show CVH crashes are rare (<1% of crashes), but carry a relative risk of fatality from 6.70 (95th CI: 5.44-8.26) for impacts with other vehicles, which was the most common crash, to 9.53 (7.28-12.47) for rollovers. Most crashes occurred in dry weather, typically during summer, in rural areas, most frequently on two lane roads, and in areas with speed limits between 30 and 55 mph. Factors associated with fatality for occupants in CVH included alcohol use, lack of seat belt use, and older age. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Crashes involving a CVH are a rare event but have catastrophic consequences when they do occur. Regulations that limit driving to daylight hours may lower the risk of crash involvement, and safety messaging to promote belt use and sober driving may also help. Additionally, as new "smart" vehicles are developed, engineers should keep in mind that older vehicles remain on the roadway. New driving technologies will need to safely interact with these older, less safe vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kielminski
- Orthopaedic Surgery, McLaren Hospital, 401 S. Ballenger Hwy, Flint, MI 48532, United States
| | - Elise Atkinson
- Kettering University, 1700 University Ave., Flint, MI 48504, United States
| | - Diane Peters
- Kettering University, 1700 University Ave., Flint, MI 48504, United States
| | - Seann Willson
- Orthopaedic Surgery, McLaren Hospital, 401 S. Ballenger Hwy, Flint, MI 48532, United States
| | - Theresa Atkinson
- Kettering University, 1700 University Ave., Flint, MI 48504, United States.
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14
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Shahini F, Zahabi M. Effects of levels of automation and non-driving related tasks on driver performance and workload: A review of literature and meta-analysis. Appl Ergon 2022; 104:103824. [PMID: 35724471 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of different levels of automation and non-driving related tasks (NDRT) on driver performance and workload. A systematic literature review was conducted in March 2021 using Compendex, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Forty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was conducted and Cochrane risk of bias tool and Cochran's Q test were used to assess risk of bias and homogeneity of the effect sizes respectively. Results suggested that drivers exhibited safer performance when dealing with critical incidents in manual driving than partially automated driving (PAD) and highly automated driving (HAD) conditions. However, drivers reported higher workload in the manual driving mode as compared to the HAD and PAD conditions. Haptic, auditory, and visual-auditory takeover request modalities are preferred over the visual-only modality to improve takeover time. Use of handheld NDRTs significantly degraded driver performance as compared to NDRTs performed on mounted devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Shahini
- Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Maryam Zahabi
- Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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15
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Boakye KF. Are out-of-state drivers more seatbelt compliant than in-state drivers in the United States? J Safety Res 2022; 82:93-101. [PMID: 36031283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study explored the seatbelt use among in-state and out-of-state drivers in relation to their personal (age, gender, license status, etc.) and crash characteristics (time, location, roadway factors, etc.) using crash data over a 10-year period (2010-2019) from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). METHOD Comparison of seatbelt use between the two groups (in-state vs. out-of-state drivers) were conducted using Z-test statistics. Logistic regression models were developed to examine the probability of seatbelt use among each group. RESULTS New findings in this study showed that out-of-state drivers were 5% more likely than in-state drivers to use seatbelts. Regardless of the driver's age, gender, license status, vehicle type, and injury severity, seatbelt use was significantly higher among out-of-state drivers. Moreover, irrespective of the location (rural or urban), the season (time, day, or month), road type (arterial, local streets, etc.), and jurisdictional seatbelt law (primary or secondary), out-of-state drivers were more seatbelt compliant than in-state drivers. Finally, out-of-state drivers traveling from states with secondary/no seatbelt laws exhibited higher seatbelt compliance rate in primary seatbelt law states than in states with less strict laws (i.e., secondary/no law). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The findings in this study are critical to addressing a myriad of policy questions related to seatbelt laws and seatbelt use. Future research should focus on the disparity in seatbelt use between the two groups and determine intervention strategies that are effective at promoting seatbelt use across the United States. Additionally, given the significant differences in driver seatbelt use behavior based on the type of seatbelt law, if states with less strict laws upgrade to primary seatbelt laws, there likely will be increases in seatbelt compliance in those states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku F Boakye
- Transportation Engineer II, Arcadis U.S., Inc., 2839 Paces Ferry Rd SE, Suite 900, Atlanta, GA 30339, United States.
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16
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Belikov AV, Vyatkin AD, Leonov SV. Novel Driver Strength Index highlights important cancer genes in TCGA PanCanAtlas patients. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13860. [PMID: 35975235 PMCID: PMC9375969 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer driver genes are usually ranked by mutation frequency, which does not necessarily reflect their driver strength. We hypothesize that driver strength is higher for genes preferentially mutated in patients with few driver mutations overall, because these few mutations should be strong enough to initiate cancer. Methods We propose formulas for the Driver Strength Index (DSI) and the Normalized Driver Strength Index (NDSI), the latter independent of gene mutation frequency. We validate them using TCGA PanCanAtlas datasets, established driver prediction algorithms and custom computational pipelines integrating SNA, CNA and aneuploidy driver contributions at the patient-level resolution. Results DSI and especially NDSI provide substantially different gene rankings compared to the frequency approach. E.g., NDSI prioritized members of specific protein families, including G proteins GNAQ, GNA11 and GNAS, isocitrate dehydrogenases IDH1 and IDH2, and fibroblast growth factor receptors FGFR2 and FGFR3. KEGG analysis shows that top NDSI-ranked genes comprise EGFR/FGFR2/GNAQ/GNA11-NRAS/HRAS/KRAS-BRAF pathway, AKT1-MTOR pathway, and TCEB1-VHL-HIF1A pathway. Conclusion Our indices are able to select for driver gene attributes not selected by frequency sorting, potentially for driver strength. Genes and pathways prioritized are likely the strongest contributors to cancer initiation and progression and should become future therapeutic targets.
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17
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Zhang N, Cheng P, Ning P, Schwebel DC, Hu G. Conflicts between bus drivers and passengers in Changsha, China. Accid Anal Prev 2022; 169:106623. [PMID: 35276569 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bus safety represents an important topic for injury prevention. When drivers experience conflict with their passengers, it likely distracts them from the driving task, both physically and mentally, and jeopardizes the safety of all passengers. However, detailed information concerning the frequency and type of conflicts between bus drivers and passengers is unavailable. We conducted a driver-reported cross-sectional survey to investigate the characteristics of driver-passenger conflict in the past month. The survey was completed in Changsha city, China in August 2019. In total, 779 bus drivers were surveyed. Of 732 drivers who completed the questionnaire, 635 (86.7%; 95% confidence interval: 84.3-89.1%) drivers reported experiencing at least one conflict with passengers in the past month. After adjusting for other demographic variables, drivers who were male, younger, less educated, less experienced as a bus driver, and with a comparatively high self-reported work intensity were more likely to report experiencing conflicts. Of the reported conflicts, verbal quarrels and abuses were most common, followed by "passengers attacked driver with physical objects like sticks or knives" and "passengers spat on or threw objects toward the driver". Most drivers reported that they had experienced only conflicts causing no physical injury or financial loss in the past month, but a small portion experienced conflicts causing injuries to themselves. The most frequent reasons for driver-passenger conflicts were "passenger refused to pay fare", "passenger requested to get off the bus at a location that was not a bus stop", and "passenger was drunk or deliriously attacked the driver". Bus drivers responded to some of the passengers' verbal or physical attacks, but not all. Some preventive measures were adopted frequently by bus companies (e.g., bus alarms, protective shields for drivers) but others were not. Least often adopted were efforts to offer safety training for drivers (46.6%) and to offer psychological counseling services for drivers (39.1%). We conclude that bus driver-passenger conflicts are common in Changsha city, China. The conflicts impose a substantial threat to the safety of both drivers and passengers. We recommend multiple preventive actions to reduce driver-passenger conflicts and improve bus safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China.
| | - Peixia Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China.
| | - Peishan Ning
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China.
| | - David C Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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18
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Mathew S, Pulugurtha SS, Duvvuri S. Exploring the effect of road network, demographic, and land use characteristics on teen crash frequency using geographically weighted negative binomial regression. Accid Anal Prev 2022; 168:106615. [PMID: 35219106 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Motor vehicle crashes are one of the leading causes of teen deaths worldwide. It is important to assess the environment and identify the risk factors influencing teen crashes for planning strategies and improving their safety. This research, therefore, focuses on exploring the effect of road network, demographic, and land use characteristics to compute teen crash frequency. Data for 201 spatially distributed road segments in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, USA were considered for the evaluation. Data related to teen crashes were obtained from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS). Demographic and land use characteristics were extracted around each selected road segment using two different buffer widths (0.25 miles and 0.5 miles). Teen crash frequency of each road segment was used as the dependent variable. The generalized linear models with the negative binomial distribution (GLM-based NB model) and geographically weighted negative binomial regression models (GWNBR and GWNBRg) were developed and compared. The annual average daily traffic (AADT), light commercial land use, number of household units, and number of pupils enrolled in public or private high schools are significant explanatory variables influencing teen crash frequency. Both methods have good predictive capabilities and can be used to compute teen crash frequency. However, the GWNBR and GWNBRg better capture the spatial dependency and spatial heterogeneity of associated risk factors influencing teen crash frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Mathew
- Post-Doctoral Researcher of Infrastructure, Design, Environment, and Sustainability (IDEAS) Center, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA.
| | - Srinivas S Pulugurtha
- Professor & Research Director of Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, Director of IDEAS Center, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA.
| | - Sarvani Duvvuri
- Post-Doctoral Researcher of IDEAS Center, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA.
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Wang Y, Wu N, Tang T, Wang Y, Cai Q. Small run-of-river hydropower dams and associated water regulation filter benthic diatom traits and affect functional diversity. Sci Total Environ 2022; 813:152566. [PMID: 34952048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of benthic diatom traits can help understand ecosystem function and guide biodiversity conservation. This is particularly important in rivers on which there are small run-of-river dams, which currently receive less attention. These dams generate power by drawing water from upstream and discharging it downstream after a large drop in penstock. We examine 15 functional diatom traits in habitats upstream, surrounding, and downstream of 23 small run-of-river dams in Xiangxi River, China. We compare the effects of these small dams on benthic diatom species traits, and taxonomic and functional diversity, from 90 sites. Dams change local environmental (e.g., channel width, flow velocity, depth) and physicochemical (e.g., dissolved oxygen, water temperature) variables, and a shift in diatom life forms and guilds is apparent, from taxa with strong attachment and low profile in high velocity waters (i.e., H1, H2 and H4) to those with weak attachment or that are planktonic below dams and outlets (i.e., H3 and H5), and towards high profile taxa below dams. Significant differences in biodiversity, particularly in functional richness, redundancy, and evenness, are apparent. Species and functional diversity indices are influenced by physical and chemical environmental factors (especially flow velocity and water depth). We found that diatom functional traits reflect longitudinal changes in flow and ecological condition, and suggest that monitoring such traits could be useful in adjusting flows to minimize ecosystem impacts. To maintain ecological flow and reasonable water depth within rivers we advocate for improved connectivity, carrying capacity and resilience of water ecosystems via a long-term, trait-based understanding of the impacts of small run-of-river dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochun Wang
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Naicheng Wu
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuyu Wang
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qinghua Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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McCourt AD, Hellinger A, Shin MR, Shields W, McDonald EM, Michael J, Ehsani JP. State and city laws governing the use of child restraint systems in rideshare vehicles and taxicabs: requirements and responsibility. Inj Prev 2022; 28:358-364. [PMID: 35296544 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify, describe and critique state and local policies related to child passenger safety in for-hire motor vehicles including ridesharing and taxis. METHODS We used standard legal research methods to collect policies governing the use of child restraint systems (CRS) in rideshare and taxi vehicles for all 50 states and the 50 largest cities in the USA. We abstracted the collected policies to determine whether the policy applies to specific vehicles, requires specific safety restraints in those vehicles, lists specific requirements for use of those safety restraints, seeks to enhance compliance and punishes noncompliance. RESULTS All 50 states have policies that require the use of CRS for children under a certain age, weight or height. Seven states exempt rideshare vehicles and 28 states exempt taxis from their CRS requirements. Twelve cities have relevant policies with eight requiring CRS in rideshare vehicles, but not taxis, and two cities requiring CRS use in both rideshare vehicles and taxis. CONCLUSION Most states require CRS use in rideshare vehicles, but not as many require CRS use in taxis. Though states describe penalties for drivers who fail to comply with CRS requirements, these penalties do not actually facilitate the use of CRS in rideshare or taxis. Furthermore, there is ambiguity in the laws about who is responsible for the provision and installation of the restraints. To prevent serious or fatal injuries in children, policy-makers should adopt policies that require, incentivise and facilitate the use of CRS in rideshare vehicles and taxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Duncan McCourt
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Hellinger
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mi Ran Shin
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy Shields
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eileen M McDonald
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Michael
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Johnathon P Ehsani
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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21
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Ezzati AO, Mohajeri F. Optimization of newly developed and lead shields thicknesses for protecting taxi drivers from 99mTc injected patients. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 179:110026. [PMID: 34781074 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.110026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Presently, public members are exposed to sources of ionizing radiation, and health risks due to radiation exposures should be a concern. This study aims to calculate the whole-body cumulative radiation exposure of taxi drivers. Also, this study will provide the effect of using a simple lead shield and three types of glass shield AVT6, TZN-D, and SLGC-E5, by calculating the effective annual dose of the taxi drivers that work in medical centers. Two MIRD phantoms as a driver and patient, a sample body of a taxi, pure lead, and glass sheets as a shield, were simulated using the MCNP code. We assumed that the patients had undergone the brain, liver, and kidney SPECT imaging by injecting 99mTC-HMPAO, 99mTC-sulfur colloid, and 99mTC-DMSA with the activity of 740MBq, 185MBq, and 333MBq, respectively. These shields are simulated on two sides of the driver, in the back and right side. The annual effective dose was calculated for 0-3.5 g/cm2 area densities. It was observed that the 0.45, 1.09, 1.28, and 2.11 g/cm2 of Pb, TZN-D, AVT6, and SLGC-E5 respectively decrease the effective dose below the allowed limit. According to the results, using the lead shield, the effective dose was reduced by a factor up to 7.25 times. It is recommended that taxi drivers wear a 0.4 mm lead shield or its equivalent when they have Tc-99 m injected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Ollah Ezzati
- University of Tabriz, Department of Physics, 29 Bahman Blvd, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran.
| | - Farzane Mohajeri
- University of Tabriz, Department of Physics, 29 Bahman Blvd, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
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22
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Zhou F, Zhang W, Su W, Peng H, Zhou S. Spatial differentiation and driving mechanism of rural water security in typical "engineering water depletion" of karst mountainous area-A lesson of Guizhou, China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 793:148387. [PMID: 34175605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Southwest China gets abundant rainfall, but in its rural areas, there is a severe shortage of water resources for irrigation and drinking. A case study was conducted in the Guizhou Province, which has the most concentrated karst distribution worldwide. The rural water security index was constructed, and Geodetector and ArcGIS were employed to systematically analyze the status quo, spatial differentiation, and driving mechanism of water security in rural areas of Guizhou in 2016. The results showed that (1) there was obvious spatial variation in the rural water security index in the study area, with only 3.85% of areas being maximally safe, and 20.51%, 35.89%, 15.38%, and 24.36% being sub-optimally safe, moderately safe, unsafe, and extremely unsafe, respectively. The spatial distribution of the rural water security index, it generally coincides with a gradual decay from the economically developed areas to the periphery. The water security of the geographical environment is inferior to those of domestic water and water for agricultural production. (2) For Guizhou Province, economic and social factors, such as the disposable income of rural residents and the incidence of impoverishment, were critical factors influencing rural water security. The critical influencing factors vary greatly among prefectures; however, there are some common factors that affect rural water security, such as the incidence of impoverishment, the penetration rate of rural piped water, the percentage of primary industry, and the percentage of karst area. The maximum value of the interactive driver of the percentage of groundwater and the disposable income of rural residents was 0.812, indicating that the interaction between the high percentage of groundwater caused by karst development and the low disposable income of rural residents was the primary reason for the low rural water security. (3) Rural water security was largely influenced by poor socioeconomic development, resulting in a low level of security and the availability of public water facilities and domestic water in rural areas. Significant improvements in rural water security depend on ameliorating the water security of agricultural production and domestic water, rather than improving the geo-environmental conditions of water resources at extremely high costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Wanshun Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; China Institute of Development Strategy and Planning, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; School of Water Resources and Hydropower, State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Weici Su
- School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, PR China; Institute of Mountain Resource, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550001, PR China.
| | - Hong Peng
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Shulin Zhou
- School of Electronic Information, Chongqing Institute of Engineering, Chongqing 400056, PR China
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Shimojo M, Inden Y, Yanagisawa S, Riku S, Suga K, Furui K, Nakagomi T, Okajima T, Shibata R, Murohara T. Identification of high priority focal activations in persistent atrial fibrillation using a novel mapping strategy. Heart Vessels 2021. [PMID: 34708268 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-021-01977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Focal activation is believed to be an atrial fibrillation (AF) driver; however, little is known about whether all focal activations are necessary for AF persistence. The purpose of this study was to assess the electrical nature of focal activation and identify high-priority focal activations using a novel mapping system (CARTOFINDER). Thirty-five patients with persistent AF who underwent catheter ablation were assessed. Cycle length (CL) and CL standard deviation (CLSD) on unipolar recordings and voltage amplitude and electrogram morphologies on bipolar recordings were evaluated at all points of interest. The most frequent CL at each mapping site was defined as the dominant CL. We identified dominant focal activations (DFAs) that had a shorter dominant CL on the integrated CARTOFINDER map. The effect of elimination of DFAs on AF maintenance was assessed by the composite endpoint (termination to sinus rhythm, organization of the rhythm to atrial tachycardia, and AF CL slowing). In all, 450 focal activations were identified among 10,868 points, and 50.4% of focal activations were DFAs. Focal activations showed relatively long CL and regularity with short CLSD. Most focal activations showed an isoelectric baseline and were located outside of the fractionated electrogram area. Both DFAs and non-DFAs were typically observed in the normal voltage range. Elimination of DFAs was achieved in 19 (54.3%) patients, with a remarkable impact on AF maintenance (68.4% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.018). In conclusion, DFAs may play an important role in AF maintenance and could be an attractive therapeutic target for AF.
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de Menezes Júnior LAA, Fajardo VC, do Nascimento Neto RM, de Freitas SN, de Oliveira FLP, Pimenta FAP, Machado-Coelho GLL, Meireles AL. Diagnostic accuracy of the Berlin questionnaire and the NoSAS score in detecting risk for obstructive sleep apnea in rotating shift workers. Sleep Breath 2021. [PMID: 34338952 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the validity of tools for sleep apnea risk detection in rotating shift workers are limited. The aim was to evaluate the Berlin questionnaire (BQ) and the Neck, Obesity, Snoring, Age, Sex (NoSAS) score for the detection of obstructive sleep apnea risk in shift workers. METHODS This cross-sectional study included male rotating shift workers, drivers of heavy off-road machinery in an iron ore extraction company. Polysomnography was the gold standard for evaluation. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥ 5 events/h. The Shapiro-Wilk test verified the data distribution and comparative analysis was conducted using the chi-square analyses and U Mann-Whitney with Bonferroni correction. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and accuracy were used for evaluate BQ and NoSAS with OSA diagnosis by polysomnograph. RESULTS Among 119 male shift workers, ages 24 to 57 years, polysomnography showed that 84% had obstructive sleep apnea (AHI ≥ 5), and 46% had moderate to severe sleep apnea (AHI ≥ 15). For AHI ≥ 5, the NoSAS score had higher sensitivity and specificity than the BQ. For AHI ≥ 15 and AHI ≥ 30, the NoSAS score had a sensitivity higher than 70% while BQ was 60% and 58%, respectively. The accuracy of the NoSAS score was higher for all OSA criteria than that of BQ. CONCLUSION In rotating shift workers, drivers of heavy off-road machinery, the NoSAS score showed higher accuracy in identifying patients at risk for sleep apnea than the BQ.
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Abstract
Mechanisms sustaining atrial fibrillation are yet to be clarified. This article focuses on milestones in the theory of atrial fibrillation and addresses the different leading hypotheses concerning atrial fibrillation mechanisms. We start off with electric potential originating from the pulmonary vein, which triggers atrial fibrillation, discuss classic activation mapping and phase mapping as well as computer models, which have contributed to the our understanding of atrial fibrillation, and end with new mapping methods and studies highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of current mechanistic hypotheses. The technical evolution of mapping atrial fibrillation has led to new insights into the potential mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation. A comparison between methods is essential for understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each method when mapping atrial fibrillation. Ultimately, the combination of several methods might shed light on the underlying mechanisms of atrial fibrillation and lead to a better understanding of atrial fibrillation and subsequently improve treatment of this condition.
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Belachew SA, Hall L, Erku DA, Selvey LA. No prescription? No problem: drivers of non-prescribed sale of antibiotics among community drug retail outlets in low and middle income countries: a systematic review of qualitative studies. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1056. [PMID: 34082726 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics, one of the main sources of antibiotic misuse or over use, is a global challenge with detrimental public health consequences including acceleration of the development of antimicrobial resistance, and is facilitated by various intrinsic and extrinsic drivers. The current review aimed to systematically summarise and synthesise the qualitative literature regarding drivers of non-prescribed sale of antibiotics among community drug retail outlets in low and middle income countries. METHODS Four electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Google Scholar) and reference lists of the relevant articles were searched. The Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for qualitative studies was used to assess the quality of included studies. The enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research statement was used to guide reporting of results. Data were coded using NVivo 12 software and analysed using both inductive and deductive thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 23 articles underwent full text review and 12 of these met the inclusion criteria. Four main themes were identified in relation to facilitators of non-prescribed sale of antibiotics among community drug retail outlets: i) the business orientation of community drug retail outlets and tension between professionalism and commercialism; ii) customers' demand pressure and expectation; iii); absence of or a lax enforcement of regulations; and iv) community drug retail outlet staff's lack of knowledge and poor attitudes about antibiotics use and scope of practice regarding provision. CONCLUSIONS This review identified several potentially amendable reasons in relation to over the counter dispensing of antibiotics. To contain the rise of antibiotic misuse or over use by targeting the primary drivers, this review suggests the need for strict law enforcement or enacting new strong regulation to control antibiotic dispensing, continuous and overarching refresher training for community drug retail outlet staff about antibiotic stewardship, and holding public awareness campaigns regarding rational antibiotic use.
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27
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Subedi YR, Kristiansen P, Cacho O, Ojha RB. Agricultural Land Abandonment in the Hill Agro-ecological Region of Nepal: Analysis of Extent, Drivers and Impact of Change. Environ Manage 2021; 67:1100-1118. [PMID: 33730190 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite widely reported trends of agricultural land abandonment across many parts of the globe, this land use change phenomenon is relatively new in the context of Nepal. In recent years, rural farming communities in the hill region are gradually reducing the intensity of farming, leading to underutilisation and abandonment of agricultural lands. Adopting a mixed methods research approach, this study investigated the extent of agricultural land abandonment, its underlying causal drivers and perceived impacts in the hill agro-ecological region of Nepal. A structured survey of 374 households and six focus group discussions were carried out in three districts. The study revealed that around 40% of agricultural lands in the hill agro-ecological region have been abandoned and 60% of farmers have left at least one parcel of agricultural land abandoned. It was found that biophysical drivers (distance from homestead to parcel, slope of the parcel, land fragmentation, land quality and irrigation availability) and socio-demographic drivers (family size, higher education of the household members, domestic migration and out-migration) were responsible for agricultural land abandonment. Negative impacts of land abandonment were observed on the rural landscape, human-made farm structures, socio-economic systems, local food production and food security. In line with global studies, this research suggest that marginal land quality, demographic changes and rising alternative economic opportunities elsewhere contribute to farmland abandonment. This study also discusses land management approaches and policy implications to address the issue of agricultural land abandonment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuba Raj Subedi
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
| | - Paul Kristiansen
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Oscar Cacho
- UNE Business School, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Roshan Babu Ojha
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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Blandino A, Travaini G, Rifiorito A, Piga MA, Casali MB. Prediction model for autopsy diagnosis of driver and front passenger in fatal road traffic collisions. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 324:110853. [PMID: 34062354 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
Abstract
Road traffic collisions (RTC) analysis is almost a daily activity in many autopsy room. Especially when analyzing an RTC with multiple occupants in the car, it can be necessary to distinguish driver from front seat passenger in order to provide the judicial authority with elements useful to understand and to prove who was driving, considering the criminal and civil responsabilities that may derive from it. Despite this, it is beyond doubt that there is enormous difficulty in providing such information. The aim of this paper is then to evaluate whether it is possible to differentiate driver and front seat passenger in case of fatal collisions using a mathematical model based on injury pattern alone. Autopsy reports concerning 90 drivers and 60 front-seat passengers were analyzed. Statistical analysis was used to detect injuries capable of discriminating between driver and passenger, considering skin, skeletal and visceral injuries. Results show that certain skin injuries, fractures and internal organ lesions are possibly associated with drivers and front seat passenger status and the overall injury pattern seems to be able to provide useful information. A mathematical model is presented. The process to distinguishing driver from front seat passenger following fatal motor vehicle collision may use multiple sources of information, including autopsy injury pattern analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Blandino
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milan, Italy; Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Guido Travaini
- Faculty of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Italy; Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Rifiorito
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, Milan, Italy; Faculty of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Italy; Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Piga
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Bruno Casali
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Italy
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Seeley J, Hamilton H, Vingilis E. Young drivers vs. non-drivers: are there differences in behaviour? Accid Anal Prev 2021; 154:106011. [PMID: 33735751 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, a first step toward independence for a North American youth has been to obtain a driver's licence. Licensure can be associated with freedom and independence to provide teens opportunities to participate in conventional and health-enhancing behaviours, such as school, work, sporting events and other social activities, and/or provide opportunities to engage in unconventional, risk taking and health compromising behaviours. Yet, recent trends show that youth are delaying getting their licence. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to use the constructs of conventional and unconventional behaviours identified in Problem Behaviour Theory (PBT) under the behaviour system to examine whether driver licensure status in youth was associated with conventional, health-enhancing behaviours or unconventional, health compromising, risky behaviours. METHOD Data were derived from the 2015 and 2017 cycles of the Ontario Student Drug Use Survey (OSDUHS). Analyses are based on a subsample of students who were at least 16 years of age. Included measures: driver's licence (at least a G1 - the first stage of a 3-stage graduated licensing system), conventional behaviours (academic performance, school connectedness, employment, physical activity, and sleep), unconventional behaviours (tobacco use, cannabis use, alcohol use, binge drinking, hazardous drinking, problematic drug use, screen time, and number of antisocial behaviours), and control factors (age, sex, region, family Socio-Economic Status (SES)). RESULTS 67.97 % of youth 16-19 years of age obtained a driver's licence. Of the sample, 71.80 % of males, 75.05 % not living in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and 70.86 % of youth with an average family SES received their driver's licence. In regression analyses, older youth, males, and youth not living in the GTA had significantly higher odds of obtaining a driver's licence than younger youth, females, and youth living in the GTA. Conventional behaviours that were significantly positively associated with licensure status included youth who had high academic achievement, good social connectedness, and who were employed. Unconventional behaviours that were significantly positively associated with licensure status included alcohol use and binge drinking. DISCUSSION In agreement with Problem Behaviour Theory, the results show that youth who obtain their licence show limited problematic lifestyle or 'proneness' (Gohari, 2019). Alcohol use and binge drinking were significantly associated with youth obtaining a driver's licence but hazardous drinking was not. This study suggests that a driver's licence for youth could both control but also instigate unconventional behaviours as identified by PBT. A driver's licence could also provide opportunities for conventional behaviours associated with education and school connectedness. However, the independence provided by a driver's licence could offer youth unsupervised social opportunities to drink and binge drink that may be health-compromising. Thus, based on PBT, licensure status is associated with both conventional behaviours, as well as problem behaviours associated with alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Seeley
- University of Western Ontario, Family Medicine, PHFM, 1151 Richmond St. London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Hayley Hamilton
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, M5S 2S1, Canada.
| | - Evelyn Vingilis
- University of Western Ontario, Family Medicine, PHFM, 1151 Richmond St. London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada; University of Western Ontario, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, PHFM, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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30
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Shi R, Chen Z, Pope MTB, Zaman JAB, Debney M, Marinelli A, Boyalla V, Sathishkumar A, Karim N, Cantor E, Valli H, Haldar S, Jones DG, Hussain W, Markides V, Betts TR, Wong T. Individualized ablation strategy to treat persistent atrial fibrillation: Core-to-boundary approach guided by charge-density mapping. Heart Rhythm 2021; 18:862-870. [PMID: 33610744 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncontact charge-density mapping allows rapid real-time global mapping of atrial fibrillation (AF), offering the opportunity for a personalized ablation strategy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the 2-year outcome of an individualized strategy consisting of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) plus core-to-boundary ablation (targeting the conduction pattern core with an extension to the nearest nonconducting boundary) guided by charge-density mapping, with an empirical PVI plus posterior wall electrical isolation (PWI) strategy. METHODS Forty patients (age 62 ± 12 years; 29 male) with persistent AF (10 ± 5 months) prospectively underwent charge-density mapping-guided PVI, followed by core-to-boundary stepwise ablation until termination of AF or depletion of identified cores. Freedom from AF/atrial tachycardia (AT) at 24 months was compared with a propensity score-matched control group of 80 patients with empirical PVI + PWI guided by conventional contact mapping. RESULTS Acute AF termination occurred in 8 of 40 patients after charge-density mapping-guided PVI alone and in 21 of the remaining 32 patients after core-to-boundary ablation in the study cohort, compared with 8 of 80 (10%) in the control cohort (P <.001). On average, 2.2 ± 0.6 cores were ablated post-PVI before acute AF termination. At 24 months, freedom from AF/AT after a single procedure was 68% in the study group vs 46% in the control group (P = .043). CONCLUSION An individualized ablation strategy consisting of PVI plus core-to-boundary ablation guided by noncontact charge-density mapping is a feasible and effective strategy for treating persistent AF, with a favorable 24-month outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhong Chen
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T B Pope
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Junaid A B Zaman
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Debney
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Marinelli
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vennela Boyalla
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anitha Sathishkumar
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nabeela Karim
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Cantor
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haseeb Valli
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shouvik Haldar
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David G Jones
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wajid Hussain
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vias Markides
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy R Betts
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Wong
- Heart Rhythm Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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Wolff M, Morceau S, Folkard R, Martin-Cortecero J, Groh A. A thalamic bridge from sensory perception to cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 120:222-235. [PMID: 33246018 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability to adapt to dynamic environments requires tracking multiple signals with variable sensory salience and fluctuating behavioral relevance. This complex process requires integrative crosstalk between sensory and cognitive brain circuits. Functional interactions between cortical and thalamic regions are now considered essential for both sensory perception and cognition but a clear account of the functional link between sensory and cognitive circuits is currently lacking. This review aims to document how thalamic nuclei may effectively act as a bridge allowing to fuse perceptual and cognitive events into meaningful experiences. After highlighting key aspects of thalamocortical circuits such as the classic first-order/higher-order dichotomy, we consider the role of the thalamic reticular nucleus from directed attention to cognition. We next summarize research relying on Pavlovian learning paradigms, showing that both first-order and higher-order thalamic nuclei contribute to associative learning. Finally, we propose that modulator inputs reaching all thalamic nuclei may be critical for integrative purposes when environmental signals are computed. Altogether, the thalamus appears as the bridge linking perception, cognition and possibly affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wolff
- CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France.
| | - S Morceau
- CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - R Folkard
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Biophysics, Heidelberg University, INF 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Martin-Cortecero
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Biophysics, Heidelberg University, INF 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Groh
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Biophysics, Heidelberg University, INF 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Wang HX, Han CY, Liu JZ, Ma WT, Li QB, Huo XD, Shi KM. [Clinical effect and economic benefit evaluation of minimally invasive surgery for drivers with lumbar disc herniation]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2020; 38:750-2. [PMID: 33142378 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20190521-00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of professional drivers with lumbar disc herniation. Methods: 126 patients with lumbar disc herniation admitted to hospital from June 1, 2015 to December 30, 2018 were selected and divided into observation group (59 cases treated by percutaneous transforaminal endoscopy) and control group (67 cases treated with conventional conservative treatment) according to the treatment methods. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores (JOA) before and after treatment were analyzed retrospectively. Length of stay, time out of bed, hospitalization expenses and recurrence rate were evaluated. The measurement data was expressed by x±s, the comparison between groups was performed by t test, and the count data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. Results: Before treatment, there was no significant difference in gender, age, VAS score and JOA score between the two groups (P>0.05) . After treatment, compared with the control group, the VAS score of the observation group was lower, the JOA score was higher, the time out of bed was shorter, the average hospitalization time was reduced, the average hospitalization cost was higher, and the recurrence rates after Six months and one year were lower in the observation group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The clinical effect of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic treatment is better than that of conventional conservative treatment for driver's lumbar disc herniation.
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Ogienko AA, Andreyeva EN, Omelina ES, Oshchepkova AL, Pindyurin AV. Molecular and cytological analysis of widely-used Gal4 driver lines for Drosophila neurobiology. BMC Genet 2020; 21:96. [PMID: 33092520 PMCID: PMC7583314 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Drosophila central nervous system (CNS) is a convenient model system for the study of the molecular mechanisms of conserved neurobiological processes. The manipulation of gene activity in specific cell types and subtypes of the Drosophila CNS is frequently achieved by employing the binary Gal4/UAS system. However, many Gal4 driver lines available from the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (BDSC) and commonly used in Drosophila neurobiology are still not well characterized. Among these are three lines with Gal4 driven by the elav promoter (BDSC #8760, #8765, and #458), one line with Gal4 driven by the repo promoter (BDSC #7415), and the 69B-Gal4 line (BDSC #1774). For most of these lines, the exact insertion sites of the transgenes and the detailed expression patterns of Gal4 are not known. This study is aimed at filling these gaps. Results We have mapped the genomic location of the Gal4-bearing P-elements carried by the BDSC lines #8760, #8765, #458, #7415, and #1774. In addition, for each of these lines, we have analyzed the Gal4-driven GFP expression pattern in the third instar larval CNS and eye-antennal imaginal discs. Localizations of the endogenous Elav and Repo proteins were used as markers of neuronal and glial cells, respectively. Conclusions We provide a mini-atlas of the spatial activity of Gal4 drivers that are widely used for the expression of UAS–target genes in the Drosophila CNS. The data will be helpful for planning experiments with these drivers and for the correct interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Ogienko
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Evgeniya N Andreyeva
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Evgeniya S Omelina
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Anastasiya L Oshchepkova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey V Pindyurin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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Golinko V, Cheberyachko S, Deryugin O, Tretyak O, Dusmatova O. Assessment of the Risks of Occupational Diseases of the Passenger Bus Drivers. Saf Health Work 2020; 11:543-549. [PMID: 33329922 PMCID: PMC7728822 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The working conditions of bus drivers are difficult; they lead to occupational diseases and require careful study, particularly in Ukraine. The objective of the article is the description of occupational health risks of passenger bus drivers that lead to deteriorating health. Methods The risk assessment was performed using a modified Risk Score method, which allowed determining the generalized level of danger to the driver's health. The hygienic hazards level was assessed as based on Stevenson's law, which was generalized later. Results Based on the modification of the Risk Score method, it was possible to depart from expert assessments method of the risk level and calculate the general indicator based on the degree of dependence of the impact on the human body on its intensity, proposed by V. Minko. This allows objective determining of the impact of hygiene hazards on the health of the driver and to predict the occurrence of occupational diseases associated with the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, and partial or complete disability due to the accumulation of emotional fatigue. The hazard assessment was carried out for three brands of passenger buses common in Ukraine, in which the driver is exposed to the dangers of fever, vibration, noise, harmful impurities in the bus cabin, and emotional load. Conclusion The health of drivers in the cabins of passenger buses is most affected by hygiene hazards: fever, vibration, and emotional stress. The generalized level of risk is calculated by the modified method of Risk Score is 0.83; -0.99, -0.92 respectively.
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Mehring M, Mehlhaus N, Ott E, Hummel D. A systematic review of biodiversity and demographic change: A misinterpreted relationship? Ambio 2020; 49:1297-1312. [PMID: 31760632 PMCID: PMC7190604 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Demographic change is supposed to be the most important indirect driver for changing biodiversity. In this article, a systematic review of 148 studies was conducted to examine the scientific evidence for this relationship and to identify potential gaps in research. We explored the spatial distribution of studies, the categories addressed with respect to biodiversity and demographic change, and the ways in which their relationships were conceptualised (spatially and temporally) and valued. The majority of studies were carried out in Africa, Europe and North America. Our analysis confirms the trend that demographic phenomena were mostly found to negatively influence biodiversity. However, a considerable number of studies also point towards impacts that were context dependent, either positive or negative under certain circumstances. In addition to that we identified significant gaps in research. In particular, there is a lack of addressing (1) other demographic aspects such as population decline, age structure or gender differences, (2) spatial variability of, e.g. human population growth, (3) long-term effects of demographic processes, and (4) the context dependency (e.g. regulations/law enforcement, type of human activities, and choice of scale or proxy). We conclude there is evidence that the relationship between biodiversity and demographic change is much more complex than expected and so far represented in research. Thus, we call for a social-ecological biodiversity research that particularly focusses on the functional relation between biodiversity and human activities, namely the different types, context, and interdependent dynamics (spatial and temporal) of this complex relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mehring
- ISOE – Institute for Social-Ecological Research, Biodiversity and People, Hamburger Allee 45, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre SBiK-F, Ecosystem Services and Climate, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicolai Mehlhaus
- ISOE – Institute for Social-Ecological Research, Biodiversity and People, Hamburger Allee 45, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre SBiK-F, Ecosystem Services and Climate, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Edward Ott
- “Governance von Ökosystemleistungen”, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- ISOE – Institute for Social-Ecological Research, Biodiversity and People, Hamburger Allee 45, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre SBiK-F, Ecosystem Services and Climate, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Diana Hummel
- ISOE – Institute for Social-Ecological Research, Biodiversity and People, Hamburger Allee 45, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre SBiK-F, Ecosystem Services and Climate, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the rate of driving in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) from a large cohort in Iran. We hypothesized that these patients commonly do not drive. We also investigated the potential factors that may be associated with driving in these patients. METHODS In this retrospective study, all patients with PNES, who were diagnosed at Shiraz Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Iran, from 2008 until 2019, were investigated. Age, gender, age at seizure onset, seizure semiology and characteristics, driving history reported by the patients, and video-electroencephalography recordings of all patients were registered routinely. RESULTS During the study period, 221 patients with PNES only had the inclusion criteria and were studied. Forty-eight patients (21.7%) reported that they were driving a car in their routine daily lives. Male sex (odds ratio: 13.2; 95% confidence interval: 4.98-35.45; p = 0.0001) and being employed (odds ratio: 8.08; 95% confidence interval: 3.16-20.69; p = 0.0001) were independently significantly associated with driving. CONCLUSION We observed that only about one-fifth of adult patients with PNES reported driving. It is important for the scientific community to develop practice guidelines on how to counsel patients and also the related authorities (e.g., department of motor vehicle authorities) on driving restrictions in people who are affected with PNES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Asadi-Pooya
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Maryam Homayoun
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Dayour F, Adongo CA, Kimbu AN. Insurance uptake among small and medium-sized tourism and hospitality enterprises in a resource-scarce environment. Tour Manag Perspect 2020; 34:100674. [PMID: 32289008 PMCID: PMC7141640 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Small and medium-sized tourism and hospitality enterprises (SMTHEs) are often susceptible to various hazards, which result in risk concerns. Insurance is recognised as one of the risk management strategies, but evidence indicates that insurance uptake among SMTHEs has been low. Yet, researchers have hardly researched into the factors that influence insurance uptake among SMTHEs. Two-hundred and fifty (250) respondents were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Confirmatory factor analysis, multivariate logit and probit regression techniques were used to determine factors underlying SMTHEs' insurance uptake. Risk concerns, the firm's characteristics, the perceived benefits of insurance and other informal risk coping mechanisms, as well as insurance service provision concerns were identified as determinants of insurance uptake. This is one of the first papers to offer a holistic understanding of the factors influencing SMTHEs' insurance subscription in a resource-scarce destination of Sub-Saharan Africa. The practical and theoretical implications of the paper are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Dayour
- Department of Community Development, University for Development Studies, Ghana
- School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
- Corresponding author.
| | - Charles A. Adongo
- Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Albert N. Kimbu
- School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Surrey, UK
- School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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Abstract
Drivers are increasingly studied ablation targets for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, results from ablation remain controversial. First, outcomes vary between centers and patients. Second, it is unclear how best to perform driver ablation. Third, there is a lack of practical guidance on how to identify critical from secondary sites using different AF mapping methods. This article addresses each of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Zaman
- Stanford University, 780 Welch Road, Suite CJ250F, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tina Baykaner
- Department of Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, 780 Welch Road, Suite CJ250F, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sanjiv M Narayan
- Department of Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, 780 Welch Road, Suite CJ250F, MC 5773, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Jebbink M, de Langen AJ, Boelens MC, Monkhorst K, Smit EF. The force of HER2 - A druggable target in NSCLC? Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 86:101996. [PMID: 32135383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Since several years targeted therapy has been part of treatment in NSCLC in subsets of patients with specific genetic alterations. One of these alterations involves HER2, a member of the ERBB family of tyrosine kinase receptors. Despite that HER2 alterations in NSCLC have been studied for years, there is still no consensus about subgroup definitions. In this review HER2 alterations in NSCLC are discussed, including diagnostic challenges and treatment strategies. Three principal mechanisms of HER2 alterations can be identified: HER2 protein overexpression, HER2 gene amplification and HER2 gene mutations. There are several methods for the detection of HER2 "positivity" in NSCLC, but no gold standard has been established. Laboratory methods for assessment of HER2 positivity in NSCLC include immunohistochemistry (IHC) for protein overexpression and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and next generation sequencing (NGS) for genetic alterations. Many trials testing HER2 targeted therapy in HER2 altered NSCLC has not lead to a renewed standard of care for this group of patients. Therefore, today the (re)search on how to analyse, define and treat HER2 alterations in NSCLC continues. Still there is no consensus about HER2 subgroup definitions and results of the many trials studying possible treatment strategies are inconclusive. Future research should focus on the most important missing link, whether all HER2 alterations are relevant oncogenic drivers and whether it should be considered as a therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Kiyama T, Kanazawa H, Yamabe H, Ito M, Kaneko S, Kanemaru Y, Kawahara Y, Yamanaga K, Fujisue K, Sueta D, Takashio S, Arima Y, Araki S, Usuku H, Nakamura T, Izumiya Y, Sakamoto K, Suzuki S, Yamamoto E, Soejima H, Kaikita K, Tsujita K. Analysis of the driving mechanism in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: comparison of the activation sequence between the left atrial body and pulmonary vein. J Cardiol 2020; 75:673-81. [PMID: 32037253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that most paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) can be terminated by pulmonary vein (PV) isolation alone, suggesting that rapid discharges from PV drive AF. To define the driving mechanism of AF, we compared the activation sequence in the body of left atrium (LA) to that within PV. METHODS Endocardial noncontact mapping of LA body (LA group; n = 16) and selective endocardial mapping of left superior PV (LSPV) (PV group; n = 13) were performed in 29 paroxysmal AF patients. The frequency of pivoting activation, wave breakup, and wave fusion observed in LA were compared to those in LSPV to define the driving mechanism of AF. Circumferential ablation lesion around left PV was performed after right PV isolation to examine the effect of linear lesion around PV on AF termination both in LA and PV groups. RESULTS The frequency of pivoting activation, wave breakup, and wave fusion in PV group were significantly higher than those in LA group (36.5 ± 17.7 vs 5.0 ± 2.2 times/seconds, p < 0.001, 10.1 ± 4.3 vs 5.0 ± 2.2 times/seconds, p = 0.004, 18.1 ± 5.7 vs 11.0 ± 5.2, p = 0.002). Especially in the PV group, the frequency of pivoting activation was significantly higher than that of wave breakup and wave fusion (36.5 ± 17.7 vs 10.1 ± 4.3 times/seconds, p < 0.001, 36.5 ± 17.7 vs 18.1 ± 5.7 times/seconds, p < 0.001). These disorganized activations in LSPV were eliminated by the circumferential ablation lesion around left PV (pivoting activation; 36.5 ± 17.7 vs 9.3 ± 2.3 times/seconds, p < 0.001, wave breakup; 10.1±1.3 times/seconds, p = 0.003, wave fusion; 18.1 ± 5.7 vs 5.7 ± 1.8, p < 0.001), resulted in AF termination in all patients in both LA and PV groups. CONCLUSIONS Activation sequence within PV was more disorganized than that in LA body. Frequent episodes of pivoting activation rather than wave breakup and fusion observed within PV acted as the driving sources of paroxysmal AF.
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Costoya-Sánchez A, Climent AM, Hernández-Romero I, Liberos A, Fernández-Avilés F, Narayan SM, Atienza F, Guillem MS, Rodrigo M. Automatic quality electrogram assessment improves phase-based reentrant activity identification in atrial fibrillation. Comput Biol Med 2020; 117:103593. [PMID: 32072974 PMCID: PMC10984645 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Identification of reentrant activity driving atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly important to ablative therapies. The goal of this work is to study how the automatically-classified quality of the electrograms (EGMs) affects reentrant AF driver localization. EGMs from 259 AF episodes obtained from 29 AF patients were recorded using 64-poles basket catheters and were manually classified according to their quality. An algorithm capable of identifying signal quality was developed using time and spectral domain parameters. Electrical reentries were identified in 3D phase maps using phase transform and were compared with those obtained with a 2D activation-based method. Effect of EGM quality was studied by discarding 3D phase reentries detected in regions with low-quality EGMs. Removal of reentries identified by 3D phase analysis in regions with low-quality EGMs improved its performance, increasing the area under the ROC curve (AUC) from 0.69 to 0.80. The EGMs quality classification algorithm showed an accurate performance for EGM classification (AUC 0.94) and reentry detection (AUC 0.80). Automatic classification of EGM quality based on time and spectral signal parameters is feasible and accurate, avoiding the manual labelling. Discard of reentries identified in regions with automatically-detected poor-quality EGMs improved the specificity of the 3D phase-based method for AF driver identification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreu M Climent
- ITACA Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain; Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERCV, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Felipe Atienza
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERCV, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Rodrigo
- ITACA Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.
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Abstract
Background Synonymous mutations have been identified to play important roles in cancer development, although they do not modify the protein sequences. However, relatively little research has specifically delineated the functionality of synonymous mutations in cancer. Results We investigated the nucleotide-based and amino acid-based features of synonymous mutations across 15 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and revealed novel driver candidates by identifying hotspot mutations. Firstly, synonymous mutations were analyzed between TCGA and 1000 Genomes Project at nucleotide and amino acid levels. We found that C:G → T:A transitions were the most frequent single-base substitutions, and leucine underwent the largest number of synonymous mutations in TCGA due to prevalent C → T transition, which induced the transformation between optimal and non-optimal codons. Next, 97 synonymous hotspot mutations in 86 genes were nominated as candidate drivers with potential cancer risk by considering the mutational rates across different sequence contexts. We observed that non-CpG-island GC transition sequence context was positively selected across most of cancer types, and different sequence contexts under which hotspot mutations occur could be significance for genetic differences and functional features. We also found that the hotspots were more conserved than neutral mutations of hotspot-mutation-containing-genes and frequently happened at leucine. In addition, we mapped hotspots, neutral and non-hotspot mutations of hotspot-mutation-containing-genes to their respective protein domains and found ion transport domain was the most frequent one, which could mediate the cell interaction and had relevant implication for tumor therapy. And the signatures of synonymous hotspots were qualitatively similar with those of harmful missense variants. Conclusions We illustrated the preferences of cancer associated synonymous mutations, especially hotspots, and laid the groundwork for understanding the synonymous mutations act as drivers in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Bin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Le Zhao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Pengbo Wen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Junfeng Xia
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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Culhane J, Silverglate B, Freeman C. Alcohol is a predictor of mortality in motor vehicle collisions. J Safety Res 2019; 71:201-205. [PMID: 31862031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well recognized that driving while intoxicated increases the probability of a motor-vehicle collision (MVC). The effect of alcohol on the chance of surviving the MVC is less clear. METHOD Using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) we conducted analyses for the outcome of mortality using alcohol and other variables as predictors. We also selected alcohol positive (AP) and alcohol negative (AN) persons from the same MVC and vehicle to control for confounding characteristics. RESULTS The odds ratio (OR) for mortality for alcohol positive drivers was 2.57, (p < 0.001 for all the following OR). Other harmful predictive factors were age OR 1.01 per year, vehicle age OR 1.05 per year, male sex OR 1.23, avoidance maneuver OR 1.09, speed related OR 2.89, rollover mechanism OR 2.75, and collision with a fixed object OR 6.70. Protective factors were proper restraint use - OR 0.19 and collision with another moving vehicle, OR 0.21. In the multivariate analysis the OR of mortality for AP vs AN was 1.46. Proper restraint use (OR 0.27) remained protective along with collision with another moving vehicle. When AP and AN persons from the same MVC and the same vehicle were compared, the adjusted OR's for mortality were 1.46 and 2.08, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol is an independent predictor of mortality in an MVC. Proper restraint use is the strongest protective factor. This finding allows a more complete understanding of the risks of driving while intoxicated, not only a higher probability of an MVC, but decreased survival once the MVC occurs. Practical Applications: Identification of alcohol as an independent predictor of mortality in an accident may improve risk assessment and influence drivers to avoid driving while intoxicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Culhane
- Saint Louis University, Department of Trauma, 3635 Vista Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Bret Silverglate
- Saint Louis University, Department of Trauma, 3635 Vista Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Carl Freeman
- Saint Louis University, Department of Trauma, 3635 Vista Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Boakye KF, Shults RA, Everett JD. Nighttime seat belt use among front seat passengers: Does the driver's belt use matter? J Safety Res 2019; 70:13-17. [PMID: 31847988 PMCID: PMC7185736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND METHOD We explored the relationship between nighttime seat belt use of right-front passengers and their drivers using observational data from 33,310 vehicles in east Tennessee during March 2015 - May 2017. RESULTS Overall, nighttime passenger seat belt use varied by 50 percentage points from 92% when drivers were belted to 42% when drivers were not belted, suggesting that part-time seat belt users can be heavily influenced by the seat belt status of their traveling companions. When stratified by vehicle type and sex, passenger seat belt use by driver seat belt status varied as much as 74 percentage points from 96% to 22%. Passenger seat belt use was typically lower when riding with unbelted same-sex drivers than when riding with unbelted drivers of the opposite sex. Conclusions and Practical Applications: This finding suggests that the role of peer influence in decision-making about seat belt use may differ depending on the sex of a vehicle driver and his or her passengers. Further research is warranted to explore this finding as well as other social and cultural influences that have not been fully examined in seat belt research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku F Boakye
- Center for Transportation Research, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, 600 Henley Street, 309 Conference Center Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-4133, USA.
| | - Ruth A Shults
- Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30030, USA
| | - Jerry D Everett
- Center for Transportation Research, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, 600 Henley Street, 309 Conference Center Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-4133, USA.
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Malizia A, Monmany-Garzia AC. Terrestrial ecologists should stop ignoring plastic pollution in the Anthropocene time. Sci Total Environ 2019; 668:1025-1029. [PMID: 31018444 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The massive production of plastic started in mid 20th century. Today, only 60 years later and despite its obvious benefits, plastic pollution is ubiquitous, influencing all global environments and the planet's biota, including human-well-being. Plastic pollution may interact with other global change drivers, having large-scale, remote and long-lasting effects. Here we highlight that plastic pollution should be considered a main topic for global change research in the 21st century, especially among terrestrial ecologists at understudied continental regions such as South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Malizia
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Casilla de Correo 34, CP 4107 Yerba Buena, Argentina.
| | - A Carolina Monmany-Garzia
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Casilla de Correo 34, CP 4107 Yerba Buena, Argentina
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Khoshakhlagh AH, Yazdanirad S, Laal F, Sarsangi V. The relationship between illnesses and medical drug consumption with the occurrence of traffic accidents among truck and bus drivers in Tehran, Iran. Chin J Traumatol 2019; 22:142-147. [PMID: 31056467 PMCID: PMC6543181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the relationship of illnesses and medical drug consumption with the occurrence of traffic accidents among truck and bus drivers. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study on truck and bus drivers in Tehran, Iran. The criteria for participating in this study were: married males over 30 years old, driving license in grade one, five years of job experience, mental health and non-addiction license. The criterion for not participating in this study was the lack of cooperation in responding to the questions. Six months was spent to collect the latest five years data of driving accidents from 2011 to 2016. A total of 323 truck and bus drivers in Tehran city and the suburbs, Iran were chosen. Among them, 112 were responsible for accidents (accident group) while 211 were not responsible for any accidents or involved in an accident in the last five years (non-accident group). A specially designed questionnaire was used to investigate the demographic information, medical drug consumption, medical backgrounds and history of accidents. RESULTS The results revealed that compared with healthy subjects, the occurrence of accidents among people with diabetes (OR = 2.3, p = 0.001) and vision weakness (OR = 1.7, p = 0.020) was significantly higher, while that among people with cardiac (OR = 0.5, p = 0.002) and hypertension (OR = 0.9, p = 0.048) problems was remarkably lower. Moreover, consumption of Gemfibrozil (OR = 1.8, p = 0.010) and Glibenclamide (OR = 2.2, p = 0.002) drugs resulted in significantly higher incidence of accidents than those without. CONCLUSION Frequencies of illnesses like cardiovascular and hypertension were not higher in accident drivers than in non-accident drivers; but diabetes, vision weakness and consumption of Gemfibrozil and Glibenclamide lead to more traffic accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Yazdanirad
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,School of Public Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran,Corresponding author. School of Public Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Fereydoon Laal
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vali Sarsangi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rutkovsky AC, Yeh ES, Guest ST, Findlay VJ, Muise-Helmericks RC, Armeson K, Ethier SP. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein as an oncogene in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:491. [PMID: 31122207 PMCID: PMC6533768 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E-Binding Protein (EIF4EBP1, 4EBP1) is overexpressed in many human cancers including breast cancer, yet the role of 4EBP1 in breast cancer remains understudied. Despite the known role of 4EBP1 as a negative regulator of cap-dependent protein translation, 4EBP1 is predicted to be an essential driving oncogene in many cancer cell lines in vitro, and can act as a driver of cancer cell proliferation. EIF4EBP1 is located within the 8p11-p12 genomic locus, which is frequently amplified in breast cancer and is known to predict poor prognosis and resistance to endocrine therapy. METHODS Here we evaluated the effect of 4EBP1 targeting using shRNA knock-down of expression of 4EBP1, as well as response to the mTORC targeted drug everolimus in cell lines representing different breast cancer subtypes, including breast cancer cells with the 8p11-p12 amplicon, to better define a context and mechanism for oncogenic 4EBP1. RESULTS Using a genome-scale shRNA screen on the SUM panel of breast cancer cell lines, we found 4EBP1 to be a strong hit in the 8p11 amplified SUM-44 cells, which have amplification and overexpression of 4EBP1. We then found that knock-down of 4EBP1 resulted in dramatic reductions in cell proliferation in 8p11 amplified breast cancer cells as well as in other luminal breast cancer cell lines, but had little or no effect on the proliferation of immortalized but non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells. Kaplan-Meier analysis of EIF4EBP1 expression in breast cancer patients demonstrated that overexpression of this gene was associated with reduced relapse free patient survival across all breast tumor subtypes. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with an oncogenic role of 4EBP1 in luminal breast cancer and suggests a role for this protein in cell proliferation distinct from its more well-known role as a regulator of cap-dependent translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria C. Rutkovsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Yeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, MSC 509, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Stephen T. Guest
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Victoria J. Findlay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Robin C. Muise-Helmericks
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 601, MSC 508, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Kent Armeson
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street Suite 303 MSC 835, Charleston, USA
| | - Stephen P. Ethier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
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Bunn TL, Slavova S, Rock PJ. Association between commercial vehicle driver at-fault crashes involving sleepiness/fatigue and proximity to rest areas and truck stops. Accid Anal Prev 2019; 126:3-9. [PMID: 29174330 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is ongoing concern at the national level about the availability of adequate commercial vehicle rest areas and truck stops for commercial vehicle drivers to rest or to wait for a delivery window. METHODS A retrospective case-control study was conducted to determine the association between the occurrence of sleepiness/fatigue-related (cases) vs. all other human factor-related commercial vehicle driver at-fault crashes (controls) and proximity to rest areas, weigh stations with rest havens, and truck stops. RESULTS Commercial vehicle driver at-fault crashes involving sleepiness/fatigue were more likely to occur on roadways where the nearest rest areas/weigh stations with rest havens/truck stops were located 20 miles or more from the commercial vehicle crash site (Odds Ratio [OR]=2.32; Confidence Interval [CI] 1.615, 3.335] for 20-39.9 miles vs. <20 miles; and OR=6.788 [CI 2.112, 21.812] for 40+ miles) compared to commercial vehicle at-fault driver crashes with human factors other than sleepiness/fatigue cited in crash reports. Commercial vehicle driver at-fault crashes involving sleepiness/fatigue also were more likely to occur on parkways compared to interstates (adjusted OR=3.747 [CI 2.83, 4.95]), during nighttime hours (adjusted OR=6.199 [CI 4.733, 8.119]), and on dry pavement (adjusted OR 1.909, [CI 1.373, 2.655]). CONCLUSIONS The use of statewide crash data analysis coupled with ArcGIS mapping capabilities provided the opportunity to both statistically determine and to visualize the association between rest area/weigh station with rest haven/truck stop distance and the occurrence of commercial vehicle driver at-fault crashes involving sleepiness/fatigue. Implementation and evaluation of commercial vehicle employer policies and interventions such as the use of commercial vehicle driver fatigue alert systems may help to reduce fatigue and sleepiness in commercial vehicle drivers. These results can be used by state and local highway transportation officials to inform and increase truck parking availability, especially on parkways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Bunn
- Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, 333 Waller Ave, Lexington, KY 40504, USA(1).
| | - Svetla Slavova
- Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, 333 Waller Ave, Lexington, KY 40504, USA(1)
| | - Peter J Rock
- Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, 333 Waller Ave, Lexington, KY 40504, USA(1)
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Stull JW, Anderson MEC, Weese JS. The Dynamic Nature of Canine and Feline Infectious Disease Risks in the Twenty-first Century. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49:587-98. [PMID: 30956000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Canine and feline infectious diseases are constantly changing in frequency and location. Numerous drivers or determinants of these changes are suspected, including emergence of new pathogens; change in virulence and resistance of existing pathogens; change in land use, climate, and weather; travel and trade; habitat destruction and urbanization; change in animal-animal contact networks; host susceptibility; availability and uptake of prevention measures; and change in ability to detect pathogens and track diseases. This article explores each of these proposed drivers and examines examples of feline and canine diseases likely to be influenced by them.
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50
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Johansen DH, Albannay MM, Petersen JR, Zhurbenko V, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH. PIN diode driver for NMR and MRI. J Magn Reson 2019; 300:114-119. [PMID: 30738272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Designing custom coils for magnetic resonance systems, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners, often entails using non-standard configurations of the transmit-receive (T/R) switch and Q-spoiling circuits. The built-in drivers of commercial NMR and MRI systems are, typically, only reconfigurable within a narrow application range (if at all). Thus, the built-in driver may not be able to properly control the custom T/R switches and Q-spoiling circuits when using custom built coils. We present a PIN diode driver which functions in both an MRI scanner and NMR spectrometer. The PIN diode driver is based on readily available discrete components and achieves switching times for the reverse and forward bias states (transmit on and off) of 2 μs and 0.4 μs respectively. Hence, this work enables a higher degree of customization of the RF switching circuits in an MR system and is potentially of interest for designers of custom coils for both NMR spectrometers and MRI scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Johansen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ørsteds Plads 349, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - M M Albannay
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ørsteds Plads 349, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - J R Petersen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ørsteds Plads 349, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - V Zhurbenko
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ørsteds Plads 349, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - J H Ardenkjær-Larsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ørsteds Plads 349, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; General Electric, Brøndby, Denmark.
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