1
|
Brown J, Albanese B, Ho C, Elkington J, Koppel S, Charlton JL, Olivier J, Keay L, Bilston LE. Updated population-level estimates of child restraint practices among children aged 0-12 years in Australia, 10 years after introduction of age-appropriate restraint use legislation. Inj Prev 2024; 30:100-107. [PMID: 38050054 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optimal child passenger protection requires use of a restraint designed for the age/size of the child (appropriate use) that is used in the way the manufacturer intended (correct use).This study aimed to determine child restraint practices approximately 10 years after introduction of legislation requiring correct use of age-appropriate restraints for all children aged up to 7 years. METHODS A stratified cluster sample was constructed to collect observational data from children aged 0-12 years across the Greater Sydney region of New South Wales (NSW). Methods replicated those used in a similar 2008 study. Population weighted estimates for restraint practices were generated, and logistic regression used to examine associations between restraint type, and child age with correct use accounting for the complex sample. RESULTS Almost all children were appropriately restrained (99.3%, 95% CI 98.4% to 100%). However, less than half were correctly restrained (no error=27.3%, 95% CI 10.8% to 43.8%, no serious error=43.8%, 95% CI 35.0% to 52.7%). For any error, the odds of error decreased by 39% per year of age (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.81) and for serious error by 25% per year (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.93). CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate high levels of appropriate restraint use among children across metropolitan Sydney approximately 10 years after introduction of legislation requiring age-appropriate restraint use until age 7, however, errors in the way restraints remain common. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Given the negative impact incorrect use has on crash protection, continuing high rates of incorrect use may reduce effectiveness of legislative change on injury reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Brown
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bianca Albanese
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Ho
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane Elkington
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sjaan Koppel
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judith L Charlton
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jake Olivier
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Keay
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lynne E Bilston
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Virtue C, Goffe C, Shiang E, McKenzie Z, Shields W. Surveillance methods and interventions implemented in American Indian and Alaska Native communities to increase child restraint device and seat belt use in motor vehicles: a systematic review. Inj Prev 2024; 30:92-99. [PMID: 38302282 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children are disproportionately affected by injuries and deaths related to motor vehicle crashes. We aimed to synthesise published evidence on surveillance methods and interventions implemented in AI/AN communities and analyse characteristics that make them successful in increasing child restraint devices and seat belt use. METHODS Studies were collected from the PubMed, Scopus, and TRID databases and the CDC Tribal Road Safety website, Community Guide, and Indian Health Service registers. Included studies collected primary data on AI/AN children (0-17) and reported morbidity/mortality outcomes related to child restraint devices or seat belt use. Studies with poor methodological quality, published before 2002, whose data were collected outside of the USA, or were non-English, were excluded. Checklists from the Joanna Briggs Institute were used to assess the risk of bias. In the synthesis of results, studies were grouped by whether a surveillance method or intervention was employed. RESULTS The final review included 9 studies covering 72 381 participants. Studies conducted surveillance methods, interventions involving law enforcement only and multipronged interventions. Multipronged approaches were most effective by using the distribution of child restraint devices combined with at least some of the following components: educational programmes, media campaigns, enactment/enforcement of child passenger restraint laws, incentive programmes and surveillance. DISCUSSION Although this review was limited by the number and quality of included studies, available resources suggest that we need multipronged, culturally tailored and sustainable interventions fostered by mutually beneficial and trusting partnerships. Continued investment in AI/AN road safety initiatives is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cierra Virtue
- Family Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chelsea Goffe
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Evelyn Shiang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zoann McKenzie
- Injury Prevention Program, Indian Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy Shields
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdullahi AS, Yasin YJ, Shah SM, Ahmed LA, Grivna M. Seat belt use among pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates: the Mutaba'ah Study. Inj Prev 2024; 30:108-113. [PMID: 37940378 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motor vehicle collisions are a major cause of death and injury among pregnant women and their fetuses. Seat belt use compliance during pregnancy varies in different populations. We aimed to study seat belt use among pregnant women and factors affecting seat belt use during pregnancy in Al Ain City, the United Arab Emirates. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis used the baseline data collected from pregnant women participating in the Mutaba'ah Study from May 2017 to November 2022. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Variables included sociodemographic, gestation periods and seat belt-related information. All pregnant women who responded to the questions related to seat belt use were included (N=2354). RESULTS Seat belt use before and during pregnancy was estimated at 69.7% (95% CI 67.9% to 71.6%) and 65.5% (95% CI 63.6% to 67.4%), respectively. The reasons for not using seat belts during pregnancy included being uncomfortable to wear, habitual non-use and considering them unsafe for pregnancy. Age, higher levels of education of the pregnant woman or her spouse, being employed, having a sufficient household income, lower gestational age, and using a seat belt before pregnancy were positively associated with using a seat belt during pregnancy in the bivariate analyses. Pregnant women in their third trimester had independently significant lower odds of using a seat belt compared with those in the first trimester (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.76). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate decreased compliance with seat belt use during pregnancy and as gestation progressed. The decrease was related to several reasons, including feeling uncomfortable wearing seat belts, habitual non-use and unsafe for pregnancy, necessitating appropriate measures to increase awareness. Raising public awareness about the advantages of wearing seat belts during pregnancy and the involvement of healthcare professionals in educating pregnant women are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aminu S Abdullahi
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Yasin J Yasin
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Environmental Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Syed M Shah
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Luai A Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Michal Grivna
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hossain S, Moeller H, Sharpe P, Campbell M, Kimlin R, Porykali B, Shannon B, Gray J, Afzali H, Harrison JE, Ivers RQ, Ryder C. Characterising the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patient journey after a serious road traffic injury and barriers to access to compensation: a protocol. Inj Prev 2024; 30:75-80. [PMID: 37923356 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Road safety has been a long-enduring policy concern in Australia, with significant financial burden of road trauma and evident socioeconomic disparities. Transport injuries disproportionately impact individuals in remote areas, those in lower socioeconomic situations, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. There is a lack of insight into transport injuries in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, absence of Indigenous perspective in published research and limited utilisation of linked data assets to address the inequity. Aim 1 is to determine the breadth, cost and causal factors of serious injury from road traffic crashes in South Australia (SA) and New South Wales (NSW) with a focus on injury prevention. Aim 2 is to identify enablers and barriers to compensation schemes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients in SA and NSW. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study will be guided by an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Governance Group, applying Knowledge Interface Methodology and Indigenous research principles to ensure Indigenous Data Sovereignty and incorporation of informed perspectives. A mixed-method approach will be undertaken to explore study aims including using big data assets and mapping patient journey. CONCLUSION The results of this study will provide valuable insights for the development of focused injury prevention strategies and policies tailored to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. By addressing the specific needs and challenges faced by these communities, the study aims to enhance road safety outcomes and promote equitable access to healthcare and compensation for affected individuals and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Hossain
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holger Moeller
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick Sharpe
- Far West Community Partnerships, Far West Region, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marnie Campbell
- Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca Kimlin
- Barossa Hills Fleurieu Local Health Network, Mount Barker, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bobby Porykali
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Shannon
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jodi Gray
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hossein Afzali
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - James E Harrison
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca Q Ivers
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Courtney Ryder
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neuroth LM, Singichetti B, Harmon KJ, Waller AE, Naumann RB. Racial and ethnic disparities in motor vehicle crash-related outcomes in North Carolina surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. Inj Prev 2024; 30:84-88. [PMID: 37857475 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on racial and ethnic disparities in motor vehicle crash (MVC) injuries and death are poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize trends and investigate the heterogeneity of MVC-related disparities in North Carolina across several data sources. Crash reports, emergency department visit records, and death certificates from 2018 to 2021 were used to calculate monthly population-rates of MVC-related public health outcomes. We estimated trendlines using joinpoint regression and compared outcomes across racial and ethnic classifications. MVC and MVC-related injury rates declined in conjunction with NC's stay-at-home order, while rates of severe outcomes remained unimpacted. By December 2021 rates of MVC-related outcomes met or exceeded pre-pandemic levels, with the highest rates observed among non-Hispanic Black individuals. Racial and ethnic disparities in MVC-related outcomes remained prevalent throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. These results highlight the importance of a holistic approach to traffic injury surveillance when assessing the impact of MVCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Neuroth
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bhavna Singichetti
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine J Harmon
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Highway Safety Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna E Waller
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Carolina Center for Health Informatics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca B Naumann
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Das SK, Tamannur T, Nesa A, Noman AA, Dey P, Kundu SK, Sultana H, Riaz BK, Islam AS, Sharower G, Dhar BK, Rahman MM. Exploring the knowledge and practices on road safety measures among motorbikers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. Inj Prev 2023:ip-2023-045071. [PMID: 38050086 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Road traffic injuries (RTIs), particularly motorbike injuries, are one of the leading causes of death worldwide and have been a serious concern in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and practices on road safety measures among motorbikers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2022 among 350 motorbikers of Dhaka city via a series of face-to-face interviews. Motorbikers who regularly ride a motorcycle were interviewed about their road safety knowledge and practices through a two-stage cluster sampling technique. Frequency distribution, independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed in data analysis. RESULTS Out of the 350 motorbikers, only 54.6% had good knowledge and 16.9% had poor knowledge on the signs and safety regulations of roads. Moreover, only 50.6% of respondents followed good practices while 23.4% followed poor practices of road safety measures. One-way ANOVA analysis demonstrates that the average knowledge score was significantly (p<0.05) higher among higher-educated, unmarried and non-smokers. Additionally, higher education level, non-smoking status and being Muslim were significantly (p<0.05) associated with good road safety practices. CONCLUSIONS The overall good knowledge level and practices of road safety measures among the motorbikers was not satisfactory although the majority of them knew individual signs and regulations. Therefore, this study suggests that education and strict enforcement of traffic rules may increase their knowledge and practice behaviour regarding road safety which in turn would minimise traffic injuries and fatalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadhan Kumar Das
- Department of Health Education, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Tahazid Tamannur
- Department of Health Education, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Arifatun Nesa
- Department of Public Health & Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | | | - Piue Dey
- Nursing Division, National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Shuvojit Kumar Kundu
- Department of Health Services, Directorate General of Health Services, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hafiza Sultana
- Department of Health Education, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Baizid Khoorshid Riaz
- Medical Education and Family Welfare Division, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Anm Shamsul Islam
- Department of Public Health & Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Sharower
- Department of Entomology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Bablu Kumar Dhar
- Business Administration Division, Mahidol University International College, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Mohammad Meshbahur Rahman
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anderson DM, Peterson RW. Rear-facing child safety seat effectiveness: evidence from motor vehicle crash data. Inj Prev 2023; 29:320-326. [PMID: 36918272 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated their car safety seat (CSS) guidelines to recommend that children ride rear-facing as long as possible, yet evidence from observational studies on rear-facing CSS effectiveness is limited. This study estimated the association between rear-facing CSS use and injuries among children aged 0-4 years who were involved in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). METHODS This study analysed data on all MVCs involving children aged 0-4 years reported to the Kansas Department of Transportation from 2011 to 2020. Children who were in a rear-facing CSS were compared with children who rode in a forward-facing device. Logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS In unadjusted models, rear-facing CSS use was associated with a 14% reduction in the odds of suffering any injury versus riding in a forward-facing CSS (OR 0.860, 95% CI 0.805 to 0.919). In models adjusted for potential confounders, rear-facing CSS use was associated with a 9% reduction in the odds of any injury relative to riding forward-facing (OR 0.909, 95% CI 0.840 to 0.983). These estimates were driven by children seated in the back outboard positions. Rear-facing CSS use was also negatively associated with incapacitating/fatal injuries, but these estimates were imprecise. CONCLUSIONS Children aged 0-4 years are less likely to be injured in an MVC if they are restrained in a rear-as opposed to forward-facing CSS. These results are particularly relevant because a number of state CSS laws do not require children of any age to ride rear-facing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Mark Anderson
- Agricultural Economics & Economics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ridge W Peterson
- Agricultural Economics & Economics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cullen P, Mőller H, Baffsky R, Martiniuk A, Senserrick T, Rogers K, Woodward M, Stevenson MR, McLean R, Sawyer S, Patton G, Ivers RQ. Self-harm in adolescence and risk of crash: a 13-year cohort study of novice drivers in New South Wales, Australia. Inj Prev 2023; 29:302-308. [PMID: 36813554 PMCID: PMC10423516 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-harm and suicide are leading causes of morbidity and death for young people, worldwide. Previous research has identified self-harm is a risk factor for vehicle crashes, however, there is a lack of long-term crash data post licensing that investigates this relationship. We aimed to determine whether adolescent self-harm persists as crash risk factor in adulthood. METHODS We followed 20 806 newly licensed adolescent and young adult drivers in the DRIVE prospective cohort for 13 years to examine whether self-harm was a risk factor for vehicle crashes. The association between self-harm and crash was analysed using cumulative incidence curves investigating time to first crash and quantified using negative binominal regression models adjusted for driver demographics and conventional crash risk factors. RESULTS Adolescents who reported self-harm at baseline were at increased risk of crashes 13 years later than those reporting no self-harm (relative risk (RR) 1.29: 95% CI 1.14 to 1.47). This risk remained after controlling for driver experience, demographic characteristics and known risk factors for crashes, including alcohol use and risk taking behaviour (RR 1.23: 95% CI 1.08 to 1.39). Sensation seeking had an additive effect on the association between self-harm and single-vehicle crashes (relative excess risk due to interaction 0.87: 95% CI 0.07 to 1.67), but not for other types of crashes. DISCUSSION Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that self-harm during adolescence predicts a range of poorer health outcomes, including motor vehicle crash risks that warrant further investigation and consideration in road safety interventions. Complex interventions addressing self-harm in adolescence, as well as road safety and substance use, are critical for preventing health harming behaviours across the life course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cullen
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ngarruwan Ngadju: First Peoples Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holger Mőller
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Baffsky
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Martiniuk
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teresa Senserrick
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kris Rogers
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark R Stevenson
- Transport Health and Urban Design Research Hub, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca McLean
- Department of Population Health, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Susan Sawyer
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Patton
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Q Ivers
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith M, Tibbetts C, Agrawal P, Cordone A, Leff R, Smith RN, Moran TP, Brackett A, Zeidan A. Representation of patients with non-English language preferences in motor vehicle collision trauma and emergency medicine research. Inj Prev 2023; 29:253-258. [PMID: 36854627 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with non-English language preferences (NELP) represent a growing proportion of the USA population. Prior studies demonstrate disparate health outcomes related to NELP status; however, this patient population is often excluded from medical research. There is a paucity of literature describing the impact of NELP status on trauma, specifically injury and outcomes related to vehicle occupants injured during motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). The goal of this study was to evaluate the representation of patients with NELP in both emergency medicine and trauma literature. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of US-based publications from 2010 to 2021. Titles, abstracts and full texts of eligible articles were evaluated. Data were extracted using an a priori determined standardised reporting tool to evaluate language as study inclusion/exclusion criteria, manuscript reporting of language, assessment of language as a primary variable and consideration of language in study methodology. RESULTS A total of 82 studies met inclusion criteria. Twenty-three studies (28%) excluded NELP populations and only one study explicitly included the NELP population. None of the studies evaluated language as a primary outcome of the study or included language as a variable in the analysis. Over half of the studies (53.6%) used a public data set or registry. CONCLUSION NELP populations are routinely excluded from and are difficult to identify in MVC trauma research. Without appropriate inclusion and identification, it will be difficult to understand the prevalence and outcomes of traumatic injury in NELP patients and to develop culturally and linguistically appropriate interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Pooja Agrawal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alexis Cordone
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rebecca Leff
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rand N Smith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Timothy P Moran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexandria Brackett
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amy Zeidan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Quintero Valverde C, Perez-Ferrer C, Chías Becerril L, Martínez Santiago A, Reséndiz Lopez H, Prado Galbarro J, Quistberg DA, Diez Roux AV, Barrientos-Gutierrez T. Evaluation of road safety policies and their enforcement in Mexico City, 2015-2019: an interrupted time-series study. Inj Prev 2023; 29:35-41. [PMID: 36096653 PMCID: PMC7614109 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexico City approved new road safety policies in 2015, which included lower speed limits and higher fines for traffic offences. In 2019, economic fines were replaced by a point penalty system among other changes. This study evaluates these policies on road traffic collisions, injuries and deaths. METHODS Collisions data came from insurance collision claims (January 2015 to December 2019) and road traffic deaths from vital registrations (January 2013 to December 2019). We conducted an interrupted time series analysis for each outcome using negative binomial regression models with an offset of insured vehicles (collisions) or total population (deaths). Then, we classified the 16 municipalities in the city into enforcement and no-enforcement groups based on presence or absence of automated traffic enforcement devices and conducted a controlled interrupted time series analysis. RESULTS The 2015 road safety policies had no effect on total collisions and collisions resulting in injury but were associated with a 0.2% (95% CI -0.3 to 0.0) decline in the mortality trend. The 2019 policies had no effect on total collisions but were associated with a 1.5% increase in the trend of collisions resulting in injuries and with a 2.7% (95% CI 1.0 to 4.5) increase in the mortality trend. Postpolicy trends in enforcement versus no-enforcement municipalities were not significantly different. CONCLUSION Policies that included high economic penalties for speeding and dangerous behaviours were effective in decreasing traffic mortality while removing economic penalties and replacing them with a point penalty system were associated with an increase in collisions, resulting in injury and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Perez-Ferrer
- Center for Research in Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Programa Investigadores por México, National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Chías Becerril
- Institute of Geography, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Héctor Reséndiz Lopez
- Institute of Geography, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Prado Galbarro
- Center for Research in Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - D Alex Quistberg
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Environmental & Occupational Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gyaase D, Newton S, Adams CA, Enuameh Y, Adjei BN, Nakua EK. Effect of speed humps on injury consequences on trunk roads traversing towns in Ghana: A quasi-experimental study. Inj Prev 2023; 29:68-73. [PMID: 36163153 PMCID: PMC9887354 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Speed calming interventions have been employed globally as a road safety measure to curb outcomes of RTCs such as injuries and deaths. In Ghana, few studies have reported on the effect of speed calming measures on the severity of road traffic injuries. This study examined the effect of speed humps on the severity of injuries during RTCs on trunk roads passing through towns in Ghana from 2011 to 2020. METHODS The study employed a quasi-experimental before-and-after study with controls design to answer the research questions. The study used both primary and secondary sources of data. Univariable and multivariable ordered logistic regression was used to examine the effect of speed humps on the severity of injuries during RTCs. RESULTS The mean height, length and spacing of the speed humps were 10.9 cm, 7.67 m and 207.17 m, respectively. Fatal/serious/minor injuries were 35% higher at the intervention than the control settlements prior to installation of speed humps though not significant (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.35, 95% CI 0.85 to 2.14). A significant change in injury severity occurred after the installation of the speed hump devices. There was a reduction of 77% in fatal/serious/minor injuries at the intervention towns compared with the control towns (aOR=0.23, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.47). CONCLUSION The findings present evidence suggesting that speed hump is an effective road safety measure in reducing the severity of road traffic injuries on trunk roads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gyaase
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - Sam Newton
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - Charles Anum Adams
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - Yeetey Enuameh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Noble Adjei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Kweku Nakua
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kendi S, Taylor MF, Thomas B, Khemraj UD, Mohamed MA, Macy ML, Chamberlain JM. Randomised feasibility trial of a virtual intervention to address infant car seat misuse. Inj Prev 2023; 29:29-34. [PMID: 36096654 PMCID: PMC10452043 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serious car seat installation errors occur at high rates in infants and children. These errors significantly increase the risk of child injury in a motor vehicle crash, and few interventions have addressed the challenge longitudinally. METHODS This was a pilot randomised controlled feasibility trial of virtual car seat safety checks for caregivers of newborns recruited from an urban newborn nursery. The control (enhanced usual care (EUC)) group received an in-person car seat check as a newborn and virtual check at 9 months. The intervention group received two additional virtual checks at 3 and 6 months. Installation and infant positioning errors were documented and corrected by a child passenger safety technician (CPST). We measured feasibility and acceptability by tracking caregiver and CPST challenges, and caregiver retention. Group differences were tested for statistical significance using χ2 or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, and two sample t-tests for continuous variables. RESULTS 33 caregivers were randomised to the EUC and 28 to the intervention group. Virtual checks were feasible, with variable participation levels at each quarter. Wi-Fi and app challenges noted in 30%. There was satisfaction with the virtual car seat checks. At baseline, car seat installation and infant positioning errors occurred at equal frequency, and at 9 months the intervention group had a significantly lower mean proportion than the EUC group in all categories of errors. In summary, virtual seat checks are feasible and the optimal timing of repeat checks requires additional study. A larger study is needed to further evaluate the effect of longitudinal virtual checks on errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadiqa Kendi
- Emergency Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael F Taylor
- Emergency Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Bobbe Thomas
- Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Uma D Khemraj
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Michelle L Macy
- Emergency Medicine, Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James M Chamberlain
- Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
In 1999, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention proclaimed the reduction in motor vehicle fatalities to be one of the great public health achievements of the 20th century. That motor vehicle success story has had enormous intellectual impact on the injury prevention field, providing many guiding lessons. Can we learn any lessons from what has happened to motor vehicle safety in the 21st century? A key lesson may come from the fact that the great injury achievement of reducing the motor vehicle death rate did not stop in 2000-it continued. We believe that is largely due to the 20th century creation of the conditions that promote continuous declines in injury. By contrast, in the firearms area, these conditions do not exist, and rates of death have not fallen, but have increased. As the idea of continuous quality improvement has become a staple in medicine, we should similarly have a focus on how to continuously reduce injuries. An important lesson from the 21st century motor vehicle success story for the injury prevention field is that we should put more strategic emphasis on creating the conditions that will lead to continuous reductions in injuries. But first we need a much better understanding of what those conditions are.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Hemenway
- Health Policy and Management, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lois K Lee
- Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|