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Atta-Osei G, Acheampong E, Gyaase D, Tawiah R, Gyaase TI, Adade R, Fofie D, Owusu I, Mprah WK. Factors associated with Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among persons with disabilities: A cross-sectional study in Ghana. PLOS Glob Public Health 2024; 4:e0002822. [PMID: 38483893 PMCID: PMC10939259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While COVID-19 has had a wide-ranging impact on individuals and societies, persons with disabilities are uniquely affected largely due to secondary health conditions and challenges in adhering to protective measures. However, research on COVID-19 and vaccine acceptance has primarily focused on the general population and healthcare workers but has specifically not targeted PwDs, who are more vulnerable within societies. Hence, this study assessed PwDs knowledge of COVID-19 and factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among PwDs in the Atwima Mponua District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Respondents were sampled systematically and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed with STATA version 16.0. Descriptive analysis was done using means and proportions. The chi-square test and Logistic regression were used to assess Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among the respondents. RESULTS 250 PwDs were recruited for the study. A higher proportion of the respondents were females, physically impaired, and between 30-50 years. The majority (74%) of the PwDs had average knowledge about Covid-19. Factors such as age, educational level and type of disability were significantly associated with PwDs' knowledge of COVID-19. The acceptance rate for COVID-19 among PwDs was 71.2%. Age, religion, knowledge of COVID-19, and educational level were significantly associated with Covid-19 vaccine acceptance. Persons with disabilities with low and average knowledge of COVID-19 were 95% and 65%, respectively, less likely to accept the vaccine compared to those with high knowledge of COVID-19 (AOR = 0.05, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.21; AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.12, 1.03). Older people and those with higher education were more likely to accept the vaccine compared to younger people and those with no or less education. CONCLUSION Persons with disabilities have average knowledge of COVID-19 and a greater percentage of them were willing to accept the vaccine. The study identified age, religion, knowledge of COVID-19, and educational level as contributing factors to their willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. This suggest that PwDs will lean positive toward COVID-19 vaccine programs and as such, vaccination programs should target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfred Atta-Osei
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Enoch Acheampong
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Gyaase
- Injury Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Barangaroo, Australia
- University of New South Wale, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca Tawiah
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Theresah Ivy Gyaase
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Adade
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Douglas Fofie
- Department of Education, Akrokerri College of Education, Akrokerri, Ghana
| | - Isaac Owusu
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wisdom Kwadwo Mprah
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
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Adjei BN, Nakua EK, Donkor P, Gyaase D, Alhassan MM, Amissah J, Osei Bonsu E, Enuameh Y, Mock CN. Helmet utilisation and its associated factors among motorcyclists in northern Ghana: an analytical cross-sectional survey. Inj Prev 2024:ip-2023-045012. [PMID: 38302285 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motorcycle crashes are a major source of road traffic deaths in northern Ghana. Helmet use has been low. The last time it was formally assessed (2010), helmet use was 30.0% (34.2% for riders and 1.9% for pillion riders). We sought to determine the current prevalence of helmet use and its associated factors among motorcyclists in northern Ghana. METHODS Cross-sectional observations of motorcycle helmet use were conducted among 3853 motorcycle riders and 1097 pillion riders in the Northern Region at 12 different locations near intersections, roundabouts and motorcycle bays. Modified Poisson regression was used to assess the factors associated with helmet use. RESULTS The prevalence of helmet use was 22.1% overall: 26.7% among motorcycle riders and 5.7% among pillion riders. On the multivariable regression analysis, the prevalence of helmet use among motorcycle riders was 69% higher during the day compared with the night, 58% higher at weekend compared with weekday, 46% higher among males compared with females, but it was 18% lower on local roads compared with highways, 67% lower among young riders compared with the elderly and 29% lower when riding with pillion rider(s). CONCLUSION Despite small increases in motorcycle helmet use among pillion riders, helmet use has declined overall over the past decade. Immediate actions are needed to promote helmet use among motorcyclists in northern Ghana. This calls for a multisectoral approach to address the current low helmet use, targeting young riders, female riders, pillion riders, evening riding and riding on local roads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Noble Adjei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Kweku Nakua
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Peter Donkor
- Deprtment of Surgery, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Gyaase
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mohammed Muhib Alhassan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - John Amissah
- Department of Environmental, Occupational Health and Safety, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Osei Bonsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yeetey Enuameh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Charles N Mock
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Gyaase D, Gyaase TI, Tawiah R, Atta-Osei G, Owusu I, Mprah WK, Enuameh YA. Perceived causes and management of epilepsy among rural community dwellers in Ghana: a qualitative synthesis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1230336. [PMID: 37859650 PMCID: PMC10583556 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1230336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Ghana, over 270,000 people live with epilepsy, of which 70% do not receive treatment. Despite the high number of people with the condition, misconceptions exist about its causes and management in African regions. The study assessed the perceived causes and management of epilepsy among rural community dwellers in Ghana. Methods A qualitative approach and phenomenological design were employed for the study. The population comprised community dwellers in Berekum, a rural town in the Bono Region of Ghana. A convenience sampling technique was used to sample the participants. An in-depth face-to-face interview with a semi-structured interview guide was used to collect participant data. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Result A total of 15 participants were interviewed in the study, after which saturation was reached. Seven of the participants were men, and eight were women. Two categories emerged as the causes of epilepsy: socio-cultural and superstitious causes and biomedical causes. The socio-cultural and superstitious causes include "a manifestation or an influence of an evil spirit," "family curse or disease," "punishment from ancestors or gods of the land," "having several convulsions," "exposure to foam from an epileptic," and "bites from an epileptic during seizures", while the biomedical causes are "brain damage," "blood group," and "genetic makeup". Consulting with the spiritual realm, pouring water on the person or washing the person's face, and putting a spoon in the mouth were identified by the participants as ways to manage epilepsy. Conclusion The causes of epilepsy are primarily linked to the supernatural, with the results indicating that rural community residents largely attribute epilepsy to "evil spirits". This implies that the rural communities' knowledge about the causes of epilepsy is based on the social causation theory of disease and disability, which relates diseases to the supernatural. Management of the condition was mainly seen as spiritual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gyaase
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Center for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kwame University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Theresah Ivy Gyaase
- Center for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kwame University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, Kwame University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Rebecca Tawiah
- Center for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kwame University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, Kwame University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Godfred Atta-Osei
- Center for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kwame University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, Kwame University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Owusu
- Center for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kwame University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, Kwame University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wisdom Kwadwo Mprah
- Center for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kwame University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, Kwame University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yeetey Akpe Enuameh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Dassah ET, Dzomeku VM, Norman BR, Gyaase D, Opare-Addo MNA, Buabeng KO, Adu-Sarkodie Y. Attitudes of health care professionals towards interprofessional teamwork in Ashanti Region, Ghana. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:319. [PMID: 37158859 PMCID: PMC10165774 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interprofessional collaboration ensures that high-quality health care is provided leading to improved health outcomes and provider satisfaction. Assessing the attitudes of health care professionals towards teamwork in Ghana is novel. OBJECTIVE To examine the attitudes of health care professionals towards interprofessional teamwork and assess specific attributes influencing these attitudes in the Ashanti region, prior to implementing an in-service interprofessional HIV training programme. METHODS A cross-sectional pre-training online survey using a modified Attitudes Toward Health Care Teams Scale was conducted among health care practitioners undergoing a two-day interactive interprofessional HIV training in Kumasi and Agogo from November 2019 to January 2020. Trainees were diverse health professional cadres selected from five hospitals in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Data was summarised using the mean and standard deviation for continuous variables, and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to categorise the 14 items of the modified attitudes scale. The Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to test the mean attitude difference among the demographic characteristics. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Altogether, 302 health professionals completed the survey. The ages ranged from 20-58 years, mean age 27.96 years (standard deviation 5.90 years). Up to 95% of the trainees agreed with the 14 statements on the modified attitudes scale. Three factors were identified; "quality of care", "team efficiency", and "time constraint" with Cronbach's alpha measures of 0.73, 0.50, and 0.45 respectively. The overall mean attitude score was 58.15 ± 6.28 (95% CI, 57.42-58.88). Attitude of health care professionals towards interdisciplinary teams for patient care varied significantly by age (p = 0.014), health profession cadre (p = 0.005), facility (p = 0.037), and professional experience (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION Strengthening in-service interprofessional training for health practitioners especially early career professionals in the Ashanti region would be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Dassah
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Veronica M Dzomeku
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Betty R Norman
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Gyaase
- Injury Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mercy N A Opare-Addo
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kwame O Buabeng
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaw Adu-Sarkodie
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Adjei BN, Nakua EK, Donkor P, Amissah J, Gyaase D, Enuameh Y, Mock C. Determinants of motorcycle helmet availability and cost in retail outlets: outcomes of a market survey in northern Ghana. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:771. [PMID: 37101192 PMCID: PMC10131362 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality from road traffic crashes are steadily increasing globally and they remain a major public health challenge. This burden is disproportionately borne by low-and middle-income countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa where motorcycle helmet use is low and where there are challenges of affordability and availability of standard helmets. We sought to assess the availability and cost of helmets in retail outlets in northern Ghana. METHODS A market survey of 408 randomly sampled automobile-related retail outlets in Tamale, northern Ghana was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with helmet availability and gamma regression was used to identify factors associated with their cost. RESULTS Helmets were available in 233 (57.1%) of surveyed retail outlets. On multivariable logistic regression, street vendors were 48% less likely and motorcycle repair shops 86% less likely to sell helmets than automobile/motorcycle shops. Outlets outside the Central Business District were 46% less likely to sell helmets than outlets inside that district. Nigerian retailers were five times more likely to sell helmets than Ghanaian retailers. Median helmet cost was 8.50 USD. Helmet cost decreased by 16% at street vendors, 21% at motorcycle repair shops, and 25% at outlets run by the owner. The cost increased by older age of retailer (1% per year of age), education level of retailer (12% higher for secondary education, 56% higher for tertiary education, compared to basic education), and sex (14% higher for male retailer). CONCLUSION Motorcycle helmets were available in some retail outlets in northern Ghana. Efforts to improve helmet availability should address outlets in which they are less commonly sold, including street vendors, motorcycle repair shops, outlets run by Ghanaians, and outlets outside the Central Business District.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Noble Adjei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Emmanuel K Nakua
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Peter Donkor
- Department of Surgery, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - John Amissah
- Department of Environmental, Occupational Health and Safety, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Gyaase
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yeetey Enuameh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Charles Mock
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Gyaase D, Enuameh YA, Adjei BN, Gyaase S, Nakua EK, Kabanunye MM, Alhassan MM, Yakubu MS, Tetteh RJ, Newton S, Asante KP. Prevalence and determinants of caesarean section deliveries in the Kintampo Districts of Ghana. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:286. [PMID: 37098478 PMCID: PMC10131307 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the increasing rate of caesarean section (CS) delivery has become a major public health concern due to its cost, maternal, neonatal, and perinatal risks. In Ghana, the Family Health Division of the Ghana Health Service in 2016 opted to initiate a program to prevent the abuse of CS and identify the factors contributing to its increase in the country. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors influencing CS deliveries in the Kintampo Districts of Ghana. METHODS The current study used secondary data from the Every Newborn-International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and their Health (EN-INDEPTH) project in Kintampo, Ghana. The outcome variable for this study is CS delivery. The predictor variables were socio-demographic and obstetric factors. RESULTS The prevalence of CS delivery in the study area was 14.6%. Women with secondary education were 2.6 times more likely to give birth by CS than those with primary education. Unmarried women were about 2.5 times more likely to deliver by CS compared to those who were married. There was an increasing order of CS delivery among women in the wealthy quintiles from poorer to richest. The likelihood of women with gestational ages from 37 to 40 weeks to give birth by CS was about 58% less compared to those with less than 37 gestational weeks. Women who had 4-7 and 8 or more antenatal care (ANC) visits were 1.95 and 3.5 times more likely to deliver by CS compared to those who had less than 4 ANC visits. The odds of women who have had pregnancy loss before to deliver by CS was 68% higher compared to women who have not lost pregnancy before. CONCLUSIONS Caesarean section delivery prevalence in the study population was within the Ghana Health Service and World Health Organization ranges. In addition to known socio-demographic and obstetric factors, this study observed that a history of pregnancy loss increased the chances of a woman undergoing a CS. Policies should aim at addressing identified modifiable factors to stem the rise in CS deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gyaase
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yeetey Akpe Enuameh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana.
| | - Benjamin Noble Adjei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stephaney Gyaase
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Kweku Nakua
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Moses Musah Kabanunye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mohammed Muhib Alhassan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mohammed Sheriff Yakubu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Joshua Tetteh
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Sam Newton
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kwaku Poku Asante
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
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Gyaase D, Newton S, Adams CA, Enuameh Y, Adjei BN, Nakua EK. Effect of speed humps on injury consequences on trunk roads traversing towns in Ghana: A quasi-experimental study. Inj Prev 2023; 29:68-73. [PMID: 36163153 PMCID: PMC9887354 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Speed calming interventions have been employed globally as a road safety measure to curb outcomes of RTCs such as injuries and deaths. In Ghana, few studies have reported on the effect of speed calming measures on the severity of road traffic injuries. This study examined the effect of speed humps on the severity of injuries during RTCs on trunk roads passing through towns in Ghana from 2011 to 2020. METHODS The study employed a quasi-experimental before-and-after study with controls design to answer the research questions. The study used both primary and secondary sources of data. Univariable and multivariable ordered logistic regression was used to examine the effect of speed humps on the severity of injuries during RTCs. RESULTS The mean height, length and spacing of the speed humps were 10.9 cm, 7.67 m and 207.17 m, respectively. Fatal/serious/minor injuries were 35% higher at the intervention than the control settlements prior to installation of speed humps though not significant (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.35, 95% CI 0.85 to 2.14). A significant change in injury severity occurred after the installation of the speed hump devices. There was a reduction of 77% in fatal/serious/minor injuries at the intervention towns compared with the control towns (aOR=0.23, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.47). CONCLUSION The findings present evidence suggesting that speed hump is an effective road safety measure in reducing the severity of road traffic injuries on trunk roads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gyaase
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - Sam Newton
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - Charles Anum Adams
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - Yeetey Enuameh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Noble Adjei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Kweku Nakua
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
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