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Neuroth LM, Singichetti B, Harmon KJ, Waller AE, Naumann RB. Racial and ethnic disparities in motor vehicle crash-related outcomes in North Carolina surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. Inj Prev 2024; 30:84-88. [PMID: 37857475 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on racial and ethnic disparities in motor vehicle crash (MVC) injuries and death are poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize trends and investigate the heterogeneity of MVC-related disparities in North Carolina across several data sources. Crash reports, emergency department visit records, and death certificates from 2018 to 2021 were used to calculate monthly population-rates of MVC-related public health outcomes. We estimated trendlines using joinpoint regression and compared outcomes across racial and ethnic classifications. MVC and MVC-related injury rates declined in conjunction with NC's stay-at-home order, while rates of severe outcomes remained unimpacted. By December 2021 rates of MVC-related outcomes met or exceeded pre-pandemic levels, with the highest rates observed among non-Hispanic Black individuals. Racial and ethnic disparities in MVC-related outcomes remained prevalent throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. These results highlight the importance of a holistic approach to traffic injury surveillance when assessing the impact of MVCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Neuroth
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bhavna Singichetti
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine J Harmon
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Highway Safety Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna E Waller
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Carolina Center for Health Informatics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca B Naumann
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Neuroth LM, Benedetti MH, Brooks-Russell A, Li L, Zhu M. Associations between Adolescent Marijuana Use, Driving after Marijuana Use and Recreational Retail Sale in Colorado, USA. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:235-242. [PMID: 37877210 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2267123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated associations between the retail distribution of recreational marijuana in Colorado and (i) past 30-day marijuana use and (ii) driving after marijuana use (DAMU) among a representative sample of public high school students using four waves of data from a state surveillance system. METHODS Past 30-day marijuana use was assessed among all sampled students (n = 85,336). DAMU was assessed among students 15 years or older who indicated driving (n = 47,518). Modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimates was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) comparing the pre-distribution (2013) and post-distribution (2015, 2017, 2019) periods for marijuana-related behaviors. Frequency of behavioral engagement was assessed using a multinomial approach. RESULTS An estimated 20.3% of students engaged in past 30-day marijuana use and 10.5% of student drivers engaged in DAMU. Retail distribution of recreational marijuana was not significantly associated with the prevalence of any marijuana use or DAMU. However, it was associated with 1.16 (95% CI: 1.04-1.29) times the prevalence of using marijuana one or two times in the last 30 days, 1.27 (1.03, 1.55) times the prevalence of DAMU one time, and 0.82 (0.69, 0.98) times the prevalence of DAMU six or more times. No significant associations were observed for the remaining frequency categories. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 1 in 10 students who drive reported DAMU. Varying prevalence in the frequency of past 30-day marijuana use and DAMU was observed following the retail distribution of recreational marijuana in Colorado. Care should be taken to properly educate adolescent drivers regarding the dangers of DAMU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Neuroth
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marco H Benedetti
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashley Brooks-Russell
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya College of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Motao Zhu
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Neuroth LM, Johnson LC, Fliss MD, Waller AE, Harmon KJ. Feasibility of linking violent death decedents to prior-month emergency department visits in North Carolina, 2019-2020. Inj Prev 2023; 29:355-362. [PMID: 37094916 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Linking data between violent death decedents and other sources can provide valuable insight, highlighting opportunities for prevention of violent injury. This study investigated the feasibility of linking North Carolina Violent Death Reporting System (NC-VDRS) records with North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool (NC DETECT) emergency department (ED) visit data to identify prior-month ED visits among this population. METHODS NC-VDRS death records from 2019 through 2020 were linked to NC DETECT ED visit data from December 2018 through 2020 using a probabilistic linkage approach. Linkage variables included date of birth, age, sex, zip code and county of residence, date of event (death/ED visit) and mechanism of injury. Potential linkable ED visits were filtered to those occurring in the month prior to death and manually reviewed for validity. Linked records were compared with the NC-VDRS study population to assess linkage performance and generalisability. RESULTS Among the 4768 violent deaths identified, we linked 1340 NC-VDRS records to at least one ED visit in the month prior to death. A higher proportion of decedents dying in medical facilities (ED/outpatient, hospital inpatient, hospice or nursing/long-term care facility) linked to a prior-month visit (80%) relative to those dying in other locations (12%). When stratified by place of death, linked decedents demographically resembled the overall NC-VDRS study population. CONCLUSIONS Though resource intensive, an NC-VDRS-to-NC DETECT linkage was successful in identifying prior-month ED visits among violent death decedents. This linkage should be leveraged to further analyse ED utilisation prior to violent death, expanding the knowledge base surrounding prevention opportunities for violent injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Neuroth
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lois C Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mike Dolan Fliss
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna E Waller
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Center for Health Informatics, Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine J Harmon
- Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Highway Safety Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Evans A, Polak C, Neuroth LM, Smith GA, Zhu M. Trends in Passenger Seat Belt Use Among High School Students-United States, 1991-2019. J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:761-763. [PMID: 36088227 PMCID: PMC9812364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite having the highest risk per miles driven for motor vehicle crash involvement, only 57% of US high school students reported always using a seat belt when riding in a car with another driver in 2019. METHODS Data from the national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted biennially from 1991 to 2019 were used to assess trends in seat belt use. Modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimates and linear splines was used to examine seat belt use trend changes overall and by gender, race/ethnicity, and grade. RESULTS From 1991 to 2015, seat belt use was about 3.3% higher each survey cycle compared with the previous survey cycle, adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, and age. After 2015, seat belt use was about 1.8% lower each survey cycle than the previous survey cycle, adjusting for the same covariates. DISCUSSION New and effective strategies should be considered for promoting consistent seat belt use among US high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Evans
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Cassandra Polak
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lucas M Neuroth
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gary A Smith
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Motao Zhu
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Neuroth LM, Humphries KD, Wing JJ, Smith GA, Zhu M. Motor vehicle-related electric scooter injuries in the US: A descriptive analysis of NEISS data. Am J Emerg Med 2022; 55:1-5. [PMID: 35228017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The introduction of scooter-share programs across the United States has led to an increased incidence of electronic scooter (e-scooter) injuries presenting to emergency departments (EDs). As legislation begins to push scooters from the sidewalk to the street, injuries resulting from collisions between e-scooters and motor vehicles are an important, but poorly characterized consideration. This study leverages data from a national injury surveillance system to characterize e-scooter versus motor vehicle collisions resulting in ED presentation. METHODS This study utilizes data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). NEISS was queried for e-scooter-related injuries from January 1st, 2015 through December 31st, 2019. Injuries were characterized as motor vehicle-related (MV-involved) or non-motor-vehicle-related (MV-uninvolved) based on a manual review by the study investigators. Weighted tabular analyses were used to characterize both types of e-scooter injuries across demographic, diagnostic, and event-related factors. RESULTS Over the study period an estimated 60,554 (95% CI: 37,525-84,594) injuries were treated in US EDs. Approximately 19% of these injuries involved motor vehicles. Those sustaining MV-involved injuries were significantly younger (p = 0.01), with a higher proportion of males injured (p = 0.01). Additionally, when compared to MV-uninvolved injuries, a significantly higher proportion of those with MV-involved injuries were admitted to the hospital for treatment (8.8% vs. 14.6%, p < 0.01). MV-involved injuries occurred primarily in the street (96.3%), while MV-uninvolved injuries were split across streets (44.0%), at one's home (~20%), and on public property (~20%) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Electric scooter injuries involving a motor vehicle differed from those that did not across several key categories. As e-scooters and motor vehicles start to share the road more frequently, greater consideration should be made regarding how these two modes of transportation interact with each other. The promotion of thoughtful e-scooter legislation and infrastructure changes could help promote safer travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Neuroth
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kayleigh D Humphries
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Wing
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gary A Smith
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Motao Zhu
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Benedetti MH, Li L, Neuroth LM, Humphries KD, Brooks-Russell A, Zhu M. Demographic and policy-based differences in behaviors and attitudes towards driving after marijuana use: an analysis of the 2013-2017 Traffic Safety Culture Index. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:226. [PMID: 34082823 PMCID: PMC8176701 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Marijuana policies in the United States have become more permissive, motivating research on demographic and policy-based differences in behaviors and attitudes towards driving after marijuana use. The Traffic Safety Culture Index is an annual survey with national scope and multiple measures relevant to driving after marijuana use. We tabulated responses to questions about driving after marijuana use from the Traffic Safety Culture Index based on demographic factors, recreational and medical marijuana policies, and per-se marijuana laws. RESULTS Male, younger, lower-income, and lower-education respondents self-reported driving after marijuana use more than their demographic counterparts, more often reported such behavior to be personally acceptable, and exhibited lower support per-se laws. Drivers in states that legalized medical marijuana self-reported driving after marijuana use slightly more than drivers in states where both medical and recreational were illegal. Support for per-se laws was higher among those in states that legalized recreational marijuana and in states with per-se laws. Demographic differences in our outcomes were consistent and cohesive. On the other hand, we found no predominant pattern suggesting that those in states with liberal marijuana policies were more tolerant of driving after marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco H Benedetti
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3-WB5217, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Li Li
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3-WB5217, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lucas M Neuroth
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3-WB5217, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kayleigh D Humphries
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3-WB5217, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Ashley Brooks-Russell
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Motao Zhu
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute At Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3-WB5217, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA. .,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Neuroth LM, Galos D, Li L, Zhao S, Zhu M. Driving contradictions: behaviors and attitudes regarding handheld and hands-free cellphone use while driving among young drivers. Inj Epidemiol 2021; 8:18. [PMID: 34059114 PMCID: PMC8167957 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-021-00312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellphone use while driving (CUWD) is a frequent source of distraction for young drivers. These distractions commonly lead to motor vehicle crashes and, in some cases, death. Crash risk differs depending on if the driver is engaging in handheld or hands-free CUWD. This pilot study sought to investigate the differences between handheld versus hands-free CUWD behaviors in younger drivers and the attitudes and social norms that inform them. Methods Young drivers (mean age: 19.6 years, standard deviation: 0.8 years) were recruited from a large Midwestern city in the United States as part of a pilot study. The 62 enrolled drivers (51 females, 43 non-Hispanic white) completed an online survey measuring behavioral frequencies, attitudes, and social norms regarding talking on the phone, sending messages, and reading messages. These cross-sectional data were then categorized and used for a descriptive analysis. Results The majority of young drivers reported participating in some form of handheld CUWD, with reading messages being the most popular (95%). Only 43% of participants used hands-free technology for sending messages and 30% for reading messages, while half reported not using the technology at all. Whereas handheld messaging behaviors were viewed negatively by the participants, they were unsure of the impact on their driving ability and the legality surrounding hands-free messaging behaviors. Conclusions Handheld CUWD behaviors were more popular among young drivers compared to hands-free CUWD. Further, even though young drivers understood handheld cellphone use while driving is unsafe, they engaged in it anyway. The findings of this pilot study highlight the importance of better educational initiatives and optimizing hands-free interventions for young driver use cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Neuroth
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Dylan Galos
- Office of Statewide Health Improvement Initiatives, Community Health Division, Minnesota Department of Health, 85 East 7th Place, Suite 220, PO Box 64882, Saint Paul, MN, 55164, USA
| | - Li Li
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Cunz Hall 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Songzhu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, 320 Lincoln Tower, 1800 Cannon Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Motao Zhu
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA. .,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Cunz Hall 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Li L, Neuroth LM, Valachovic E, Schwebel DC, Zhu M. Association Between Changes in Social Distancing Policies in Ohio and Traffic Volume and Injuries, January Through July 2020. JAMA 2021; 325:1003-1006. [PMID: 33687457 PMCID: PMC7944380 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.25770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Lucas M. Neuroth
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Edward Valachovic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, State University of New York, Rensselaer
| | | | - Motao Zhu
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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