1
|
Kebal L, Djebli N, Pokajewicz K, Mostefa N, Wieczorek PP. Antioxidant Activity and Effectiveness of Fig Extract in Counteracting Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rats. Molecules 2024; 29:1997. [PMID: 38731494 PMCID: PMC11085187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Figs are the edible fruits of the fig tree, Ficus carica L., that have been used for centuries for human consumption and in traditional medicine, to treat skin problems, inflammation, and gastrointestinal disorders. Our previous study investigated the presence of phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts of two Algerian popular fig varieties, azendjar (Az) and taamriouth (Ta), as well as their in vitro antioxidant activity. In this study, we assessed hydroethanolic extracts of these fig varieties. The total phenolic content was measured, along with the phenolic profile. Rutin was determined to be the dominant phenolic compound, followed by vanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, rosmarinic acid (in Az only), and cinnamic acid. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated both in vitro (DPPH and FRAP assays) and in vivo, in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. In all assays, the fig extract-especially the dark-peeled fig variety azendjar-showed antioxidant potency. The administration of fig extract resulted in a reduction in liver damage, expressed by both different biochemical markers and histopathological study (less degraded liver architecture, reduced fibrosis, and only mild inflammation). A dose-dependent therapeutic effect was observed. The extract from the dark-peeled fig variety, Az, was characterized by a higher phenolic content and a stronger antioxidant activity than the extract from the light-peeled variety-Ta. Our study justifies the use of figs in traditional healing and shows the potential of using fig extracts in natural medicines and functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kebal
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Api-Phytotherapy, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem (UMAB), Mostaganem 2700, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Djebli
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Api-Phytotherapy, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem (UMAB), Mostaganem 2700, Algeria
| | - Katarzyna Pokajewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Opole, Pl. Kopernika 11a, 45-040 Opole, Poland
| | - Nadjet Mostefa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Api-Phytotherapy, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem (UMAB), Mostaganem 2700, Algeria
| | - Piotr P. Wieczorek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Opole, Pl. Kopernika 11a, 45-040 Opole, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fatima M, Khan MR, Al-Keridis LA, Alshammari N, Patel M, Adnan M, Sahreen S. Pleurospermum candollei Methanolic Extract Ameliorates CCl 4-Induced Liver Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory, and Apoptotic Markers in Rats. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25999-26011. [PMID: 37521626 PMCID: PMC10373198 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective potency of the Pleurospermum candollei methanol extract against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. HPLC technique was used to estimate the presence of polyphenols in the methanol extract of P. candollei (PCM), while proximate analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, lipids, and moisture in the extract. The antioxidant potential of PCM was evaluated by 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay, which showed a high percentage of inhibition against free radicals. Hepatotoxicity was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). CCl4 administration reduced the activity of endogenous antioxidants, whereas it increased the production of nitrites and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in rats. Furthermore, the level of hepatic markers in serum was also elevated after CCl4 administration. Moreover, the expression of stress-related markers, proinflammatory mediators, and apoptotic genes was enhanced in CCl4-treated rats. Coadministration of PCM along with CCl4 in rats reduced the levels of free radicals and the above genes to normal levels. CCl4 administration caused histopathological alterations in liver tissues, while cotreatment with PCM mitigated liver injuries. These findings suggest that the methanol extract of P. candollei possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can prevent liver injury. Further pharmacological research will be helpful in determining the effectiveness of P. candollei in humans. Development of FDA-approved plant-based anti-inflammatory drugs can help treat patients and reduce the chances of toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Fatima
- Department
of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Alshammari
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, University
of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Department
of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of
Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, University
of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Botanical
Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural
History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian , Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al-Mushhadani TM, Al-Hayali HL, Obaid Mostafa S. Synergistic effect of Rosemary and Lemon extractions on some physiological and biochemical parameters of CCl4-Stressed male rats. BIONATURA 2023. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.01.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the preventive impact of marine extracts of rosemary and lemon individually or together in adult-male rats with liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. The extracts were prepared and tested on 40 male rats distributed into groups by collecting blood samples and conducting some hematological and biochemical parameters. CCl4-induced significant increases in the weight of the liver and heart, while rosemary and lemon extracts alone were not able to restore the liver weight, but the effect was in the synergy. As well, the extracts alone or in combination had a significant impact on reducing heart weight. Additionally, CCl4 caused a substantial reduction in RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCHC and lymphocytes, whereas WBC, monocyte and granulocyte increased. While extracts exhibited an enhancement in these parameters, the best effect was when the two extracts were used together. The biochemical parameters indicated high significance in glucose, AST, ALT and triglycerides; however, total protein, albumin, cholesterol and T-AOC decreased compared to the control group. Both rosemary and lemon worked to restore and remove the oxidative effect.
Keywords: Rosemary(A plant that grows in mountainous regions), Lemon, Carbon tetrachloride, Stress, Rats.
Collapse
|
4
|
Green Synthesis of Silymarin-Chitosan Nanoparticles as a New Nano Formulation with Enhanced Anti-Fibrotic Effects against Liver Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105420. [PMID: 35628233 PMCID: PMC9141191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Silymarin (SIL) has long been utilized to treat a variety of liver illnesses, but due to its poor water solubility and low membrane permeability, it has a low oral bioavailability, limiting its therapeutic potential. Aim: Design and evaluate hepatic-targeted delivery of safe biocompatible formulated SIL-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (SCNPs) to enhance SIL’s anti-fibrotic effectiveness in rats with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Methods: The SCNPs and chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were prepared by ionotropic gelation technique and are characterized by physicochemical parameters such as particle size, morphology, zeta potential, and in vitro release studies. The therapeutic efficacy of successfully formulated SCNPs and CNPs were subjected to in vivo evaluation studies. Rats were daily administered SIL, SCNPs, and CNPs orally for 30 days. Results: The in vivo study revealed that the synthesized SCNPs demonstrated a significant antifibrotic therapeutic action against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats when compared to treated groups of SIL and CNPs. SCNP-treated rats had a healthy body weight, with normal values for liver weight and liver index, as well as significant improvements in liver functions, inflammatory indicators, antioxidant pathway activation, and lipid peroxidation reduction. The antifibrotic activities of SCNPs were mediated by suppressing the expression of the main fibrosis mediators TGFβR1, COL3A1, and TGFβR2 by boosting the hepatic expression of protective miRNAs; miR-22, miR-29c, and miR-219a, respectively. The anti-fibrotic effects of SCNPs were supported by histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) study. Conclusions: According to the above results, SCNPs might be the best suitable carrier to target liver cells in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Naz I, Khan MR, Zai JA, Batool R, Maryam S, Majid M. Indigofera linifolia ameliorated CCl 4 induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver of rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114826. [PMID: 34767833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Indigofera linifolia (L.f.) Retz. is used in subcontinent for liver disorders, in wounds, febrile eruption and as diuretic. AIM OF STUDY The current study evaluates the protective effects of the methanol extract of Indigofera linifolia (ILM) on CCl4-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in liver of rat. METHODS ILM was analyzed for phytochemical classes, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) as well as multidimensional in vitro antioxidant assays. Male (Sprague Dawley) rats were dispersed into seven groups (6 rats/group) receiving 0.9% saline (1 ml/kg bw), CCl4 (1 ml/kg bw) diluted in olive oil (3:7 v/v), silymarin (200 mg/kg bw) + CCl4 (30% v/v), ILM (150 mg/kg bw) + CCl4 (30% v/v), ILM (300 mg/kg bw) + CCl4 and ILM alone (either 150 mg/kg bw or 300 mg/kg bw). RESULTS ILM extract was constituted of different phytochemical classes. Co-administration of ILM along with CCl4 to rat revert the level of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin in blood serum and antioxidant parameters in liver. Further, CCl4 increased the level of ER stress markers and inflammatory mediators while decreased level of GCLC and Nrf-2 in liver tissues of rat. CCl4-induced histopathological variations were reduced with ILM co-administration in liver tissues. CONCLUSION The results suggest that active phyto-constituents of I. linifolia might be responsible for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and gene-regulating activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irum Naz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Jawaid Ahmed Zai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Riffat Batool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sonia Maryam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Raj D, Sharma V, Upadhyaya A, Kumar N, Joshi R, Acharya V, Kumar D, Patial V. Swertia purpurascens Wall ethanolic extract mitigates hepatic fibrosis and restores hepatic hepcidin levels via inhibition of TGFβ/SMAD/NFκB signaling in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114741. [PMID: 34699946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Swertia purpurascens Wall belongs to a well-known genus in traditional systems of medicine worldwide. In folklore, it is used to treat various ailments, including hepatic disorders, as an alternative to the endangered species Swertia chirayita. However, the therapeutic potential of Swertia purpurascens Wall against hepatic fibrosis has not been validated yet. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of the Swertia purpurascens Wall extract (SPE) against hepatic fibrosis and elucidate the underlying mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolite profiling of the SPE was done using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The acute oral toxicity study of SPE at 2 g/kg BW dose was done in rats. Further, the liver fibrosis was induced by the CCl4 intoxication, and the efficacy of SPE at three doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW) was evaluated by studying biochemical parameters, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, western blotting and in silico analysis. RESULTS UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of a total of 23 compounds in SPE. Acute oral toxicity study of SPE at 2 g/kg BW showed no harmful effects in rats. Further, the liver fibrosis was induced by the CCl4 administration, and the efficacy of SPE was evaluated at three doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW). SPE treatment significantly improved the body weight gain, the relative liver weight, serum liver injury markers and endogenous antioxidant enzyme levels in the CCl4-treated rats. SPE also recovered the altered liver histology and effectively reduced the fibrotic tissue deposition in the hepatic parenchyma. Further, SPE significantly inhibited the fibrotic (TGFβ, αSMA, SMADs and Col1A), proinflammatory markers (NFκB, TNFα and IL1β) and apoptosis in the liver tissue. Interestingly, SPE treatment also restored the altered hepcidin levels in the liver tissue. In silico study revealed the potential of various metabolites as drug candidates and their interaction with target proteins. CONCLUSION Altogether, SPE showed its therapeutic potential against CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis by restoring the hepatic hepcidin levels and inhibiting TGFβ/SMAD/NFκB signaling in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desh Raj
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; PG Department of Dravyaguna, Rajiv Gandhi Govt. Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, 176115, H.P, India
| | - Vinesh Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Ashwani Upadhyaya
- PG Department of Dravyaguna, Rajiv Gandhi Govt. Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, 176115, H.P, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Vishal Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, H.P, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR, Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Preparation and Characterization of Silymarin-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles with Enhanced Anti-Fibrotic Therapeutic Effects against Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats: Role of MicroRNAs as Molecular Targets. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121767. [PMID: 34944582 PMCID: PMC8698929 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main obstacles of silymarin (SIL) application in liver diseases are its low bioavailability, elevated metabolism, rapid excretion in bile and urine, and inefficient intestinal resorption. The study aimed to synthesize and characterize silymarin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (SGNPs) formulation to improve SIL bioavailability and release for potentiating its antifibrotic action. METHODS Both SGNPs and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were prepared and characterized using standard characterization techniques. The improved formulation was assessed for in vitro drug release study and in vivo study on rats using CCl4 induced hepatic fibrosis model. SIL, SGNPs, and GNPs were administered by oral gavage daily for 30 days. At the end of the study, rats underwent anesthesia and were sacrificed, serum samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Liver tissues were collected to measure the genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) expressions. Also, histopathological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) examinations of hepatic tissues supported these results. RESULTS The successful formation and conjugation of SGNPs were confirmed by measurements methods. The synthesized nanohybrid SGNPs showed significant antifibrotic therapeutic action against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats, and preserved normal body weight, liver weight, liver index values, retained normal hepatic functions, lowered inflammatory markers, declined lipid peroxidation, and activated the antioxidant pathway nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2). The antifibrotic activities of SGNPs mediated through enhancing the hepatic expression of the protective miRNAs; miR-22, miR-29c, and miR-219a which results in suppressed expression of the main fibrosis mediators; TGFβR1, COL3A1, and TGFβR2, respectively. The histopathology and IHC analysis confirmed the anti-fibrotic effects of SGNPs. CONCLUSIONS The successful synthesis of SGNPs with sizes ranging from 16 up to 20 nm and entrapment efficiency and loading capacity 96% and 38.69%, respectively. In vivo studies revealed that the obtained nano-formulation of SIL boosted its anti-fibrotic effects.
Collapse
|
8
|
Putative abrogation impacts of Ajwa seeds on oxidative damage, liver dysfunction and associated complications in rats exposed to carbon tetrachloride. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5305-5318. [PMID: 34244886 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrial toxicants such as Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) are known to disrupt the oxidative-antioxidative balance, which generates excessive amounts of free radicals leading to chronic or acute liver damage. Natural antioxidants, including Ajwa, play an important role in protecting against hepatotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigated the prophylactic impacts of ajwa seeds aqueous extract (ASE) against hepatic oxidative injury in rats induced by CCl4. Eighty male Wistar albino rats were equally assigned to eight groups: one group receive no treatment, four groups were received CCl4-olive oil mixture [1:1(v/v)] (0.2 ml/100 g body weight (bw), intraperitoneally) two times/week for 4 weeks/rat alone or with 200 mg Vit. C/kg bw or 5 ml ASE/rat or both, and three groups received olive oil, Vit. C, or ASE. Vitamin C and ASE were orally administrated two weeks before CCl4 injection and 4 weeks concomitant with CCl4. Lipid peroxidation, lipogenesis-related genes, hepatic histopathology, Bax immunostaining and DNA fragmentation were assessed. ASE protected hepatic damage by suppressing oxidative stress and elevating activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase. ASE also regulated hepatic dyslipidemia, hepatic lipid accumulation and expression of SREBP-1 and FAS genes in CCl4-treated rats. ASE decreased apoptosis through inhibition of CCl4 induced Bax activation in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION These observations provide evidence for the hepatoprotective potential of ASE via inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis and oxidative stress, suggesting being used as a natural product in attenuating CCl4 induced oxidative damage, hepatotoxicity and associated dysfunction.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mo C, Xie S, Zeng T, Lai Y, Huang S, Zhou C, Yan W, Huang S, Gao L, Lv Z. Ginsenoside-Rg1 acts as an IDO1 inhibitor, protects against liver fibrosis via alleviating IDO1-mediated the inhibition of DCs maturation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:153524. [PMID: 33667840 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been reported as a hallmark of hepatic fibrosis. Ginseng Rg1(G-Rg1) is a characterized bioactive component isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Ginseng) that used in China widely. However, the anti-hepatic fibrosis property of G-Rg1 and the underlying mechanisms of action are poorly reported. PURPOSE Here, we researched the effect of G-Rg1 on experimental liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We applied a CCL4-induced liver fibrosis in mice (wild-type and those overexpressing IDO1 by in vivo AAV9 vector) and HSC-T6 cells to detect the anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of G-Rg1 in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS We found that G-Rg1 reduced serum levels of AST and ALT markedly. Histologic examination indicated that G-Rg1 dramatically improved the extent of liver fibrosis and suppressed the hepatic levels of fibrotic marker α-SMA in vivo and in vitro. The proliferation of HSC-T6 was significantly inhibited by G-Rg1 in vitro. Both TUNEL staining and flow cytometry demonstrated that G-Rg1 attenuated the levels of hepatocyte apoptosis in fibrotic mice. Additionally, G-Rg1 up-regulated the maturation of hepatic DCs via reducing the expression level of hepatic IDO1, which played an inverse role in the maturation of DCs. Furthermore, oral administration of G-Rg1 ameliorated IDO1 overexpression-induced worsen liver fibrosis as well as IDO1 overexpression-mediated more apparent inhibition of maturation of DCs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that G-Rg1, which exerts its antifibrotic properties via alleviating IDO1-mediated the inhibition of DCs maturation, may be a potential therapeutic drug in treating liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Shuwen Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Weixin Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, PR China.
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|