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Chen K, Kortesniemi MK, Linderborg KM, Yang B. Anthocyanins as Promising Molecules Affecting Energy Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes with Special Reference to Impact of Acylation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1002-1017. [PMID: 36515085 PMCID: PMC9853865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, the red-orange to blue-violet colorants present in fruits, vegetables, and tubers, have antidiabetic properties expressed via modulating energy metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota. Acylation of the glycosyl moieties of anthocyanins alters the physicochemical properties of anthocyanins and improves their stability. Thus, acylated anthocyanins with probiotic-like property and lower bioavailability are likely to have different biological effects from nonacylated anthocyanins on diabetes. This work highlights recent findings on the antidiabetic effects of acylated anthocyanins from the perspectives of energy metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota compared to the nonacylated anthocyanins and particularly emphasizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of these bioactive molecules, providing a new perspective to explore the different biological effects induced by structurally different anthocyanins. Acylated anthocyanins may have greater modulating effects on energy metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes compared to nonacylated anthocyanins.
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Persico G, Casciaro F, Marinelli A, Tonelli C, Petroni K, Giorgio M. Comparative Analysis of Histone H3K4me3 Distribution in Mouse Liver in Different Diets Reveals the Epigenetic Efficacy of Cyanidin-3- O-glucoside Dietary Intake. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6503. [PMID: 34204393 PMCID: PMC8235383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different diets result in significantly different phenotypes through metabolic and genomic reprogramming. Epigenetic marks, identified in humans and mouse models through caloric restriction, a high-fat diet or the intake of specific bioactives, suggest that genomic reprogramming drives this metabolic reprogramming and mediates the effect of nutrition on health. Histone modifications encode the epigenetic signal, which adapts genome functions to environmental conditions, including diets, by tuning the structure and properties of chromatin. To date, the effect of different diets on the genome-wide distribution of critical histone marks has not been determined. METHODS Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, we investigated the distribution of the trimethylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 in the liver of mice fed for one year with five different diets, including: chow containing yellow corn powder as an extra source of plant bioactives or specifically enriched with cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside, high-fat-enriched obesogenic diets, and caloric-restricted pro-longevity diets. CONCLUSIONS Comparison of the resulting histone mark profiles revealed that functional food containing cyanidin determines a broad effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Persico
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS-European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy;
| | - Francesca Casciaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Marinelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Chiara Tonelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Katia Petroni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS-European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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Lavorato VN, Miranda DCD, Isoldi MC, Drummond FR, Soares LL, Reis ECC, Pelúzio MDCG, Pedrosa ML, Silva ME, Natali AJ. Effects of aerobic exercise training and açai supplementation on cardiac structure and function in rats submitted to a high-fat diet. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110168. [PMID: 33642024 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise training (AET) and supplementation with açai on cardiac structure and function in rats submitted to a high-fat diet. Two-month old Fischer male rats were divided into 5 groups: Control (C), High-fat Diet (H), High-fat Diet + Açai (HA), High-fat Diet + AET (HT), High-fat Diet + Açai + AET (HAT). The high-fat diet had 21.8% lard and 1% cholesterol (H and HT), or supplemented with 1% lyophilized açai pulp (HA and HAT). The HT and HAT groups performed AET on a treadmill (5 days/week, 1 h/day, 60% of the maximum running speed) for 8 weeks. Exercise tolerance test were performed, and adiposity index calculated. After euthanasia, the left ventricle (LV) was dissected and processed for histological, single myocyte intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) transient and contractility, oxidative stress and gene expression analysis. AET improved running capacity and reduced the adiposity index. Both AET and açai supplementation inhibited the increase in the LV collagen content, the deleterious effects on the [Ca2+]i transient and contractility in cardiomyocytes and the increment in oxidative stress, caused by the consumption of a high-fat diet. Aerobic exercise training and açai supplementation can mitigate damage caused by high-fat diet in cardiac structure and function, though the combination of treatments had no additional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Neiva Lavorato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Mauro César Isoldi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Filipe Rios Drummond
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leôncio Lopes Soares
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Maria Lúcia Pedrosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio José Natali
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Yang L, Qiu Y, Ling W, Liu Z, Yang L, Wang C, Peng X, Wang L, Chen J. Anthocyanins regulate serum adipsin and visfatin in patients with prediabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1935-1944. [PMID: 32930848 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have suggested that adipsin and visfatin are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. This is the first study to investigate the effects of supplementation with purified anthocyanins on serum adipsin and visfatin in patients with prediabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes. METHODS A total of 160 participants with prediabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes (40-75 years old) were given 320 mg anthocyanins or placebo daily for 12 weeks in a randomized trial. Serum adipsin, serum visfatin, lipids and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured. The areas under the curve (AUCs) for glucose, insulin and C-peptide were determined before-and after-treatment by a standard 3-h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS Relatively significant increases in serum adipsin (net change 0.15 µg/mL [0.03, 0.27], p = 0.018) and decreases in visfatin (-3.5 ng/mL [-6.69, -0.31], p = 0.032) were observed between the anthocyanins and placebo groups. We also observed significant improvements in HbA1c (-0.11% [-0.22, -0.11], p = 0.033), apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-1) (0.12 g/L [0.03, 0.21], p = 0.012) and apolipoprotein B (apo B) (-0.07 g/L [-0.14, -0.01], p = 0.033) in response to the anthocyanins intervention. CONCLUSION Purified anthocyanins supplementation for 12 weeks increased serum adipsin and decreased serum visfatin in patients with prediabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02689765.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74th ZhongShan Road II, GuangZhou, 510080, PR China. .,Center for Chronic Disease Control, Nanshan, ShenZhen, PR China.
| | - Yun Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74th ZhongShan Road II, GuangZhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74th ZhongShan Road II, GuangZhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Zhaomin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74th ZhongShan Road II, GuangZhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74th ZhongShan Road II, GuangZhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Center for Chronic Disease Control, Nanshan, ShenZhen, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- Center for Chronic Disease Control, Nanshan, ShenZhen, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Center for Chronic Disease Control, Nanshan, ShenZhen, PR China
| | - Jianying Chen
- GuangDong Province, BaiYun Hospital, YueXiu District, GuangZhou, PR China
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Landa-Galvan HV, Rios-Castro E, Romero-Garcia T, Rueda A, Olivares-Reyes JA. Metabolic syndrome diminishes insulin-induced Akt activation and causes a redistribution of Akt-interacting proteins in cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228115. [PMID: 31995605 PMCID: PMC6988918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, with insulin resistance as a critical component for its development. Insulin signaling in the heart leads to Akt (also known as PKB) activation, a serine/threonine protein kinase, which regulates cardiac glucose metabolism and growth. Cardiac metabolic inflexibility, characterized by impaired insulin-induced glucose uptake and oxidation, has been reported as an early and consistent change in the heart of different models of MetS and diabetes; however, the evaluation of Akt activation has yielded variable results. Here we report in cardiomyocytes of MetS rats, diminished insulin-induced glucose uptake and Akt activation, evaluated by its impaired mobilization towards the plasma membrane and phosphorylation, and reflected in a re-distribution of its interacting proteins, assessed by label-free mass spectrometry (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013260). We report 45 proteins with diminished abundance in Akt complex of MetS cardiomyocytes, mainly represented by energy metabolism-related proteins, and also, 31 Akt-interacting proteins with increased abundance, which were mainly related to contraction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and Akt negative regulation. These results emphasize the relevance of Akt in the regulation of energy metabolism in the heart and highlight Akt-interacting proteins that could be involved in the detrimental effects of MetS in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Rios-Castro
- Unidad de Genomica, Proteomica y Metabolomica (UGPM), LaNSE-Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Angelica Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
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Xu J, Jönsson T, Plaza M, Håkansson Å, Antonsson M, Ahrén IL, Turner C, Spégel P, Granfeldt Y. Probiotic fruit beverages with different polyphenol profiles attenuated early insulin response. Nutr J 2018; 17:34. [PMID: 29486772 PMCID: PMC5827978 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables may improve postprandial glucose and insulin levels and hence promote well-being. Previously it has been observed that consumption of bilberry decreases the postprandial insulin demand. The intention with the present study was to compare the impact of different supplements with various polyphenol profiles, on the postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy young adults. METHODS In a randomized, controlled, crossover study the postprandial glycemic and insulin responses were observed in eleven healthy adults after intake of five different beverages containing bilberry (European blueberry), blackcurrant, beetroot, mango and rose hip, respectively; all drinks were enriched with the same composition of fermented oatmeal and probiotics. The control was a glucose drink. The profile and content of the polyphenols in the different beverages were determined by HPLC-DAD analysis. The antioxidative capacity of the different beverages were measured by TEAC and DPPH assays. RESULTS Beverages containing bilberry, blackcurrant, mango or rose hip significantly attenuated the early postprandial insulin response (0-90 min), but showed no effect on glucose response. Drinks with bilberry or rose hip reduced the insulin response from the very early phase (0-30 min), and had significantly lower insulin index compared with the control. The efficiency of the bilberry and rose hip to decrease early postprandial insulin responses correlated with higher phenolic contents. CONCLUSIONS Supplements with bilberry, blackcurrant, mango or rose hip in the tested probiotic and oatmeal enriched beverage attenuated early-phase insulin response, but had no effect on the postprandial glycemic response. The improved ability of bilberry and rose hip to lower the very early phase of insulin response seems to be due to a higher phenolic content. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with number NCT03159065 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tommy Jönsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Merichel Plaza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Håkansson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Granfeldt
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Thibado SP, Thornthwaite JT, Ballard TK, Goodman BT. Anticancer effects of Bilberry anthocyanins compared with NutraNanoSphere encapsulated Bilberry anthocyanins. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 8:330-335. [PMID: 29399357 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly accumulating laboratory and clinical research evidence indicates that anthocyanins exhibit anticancer activity and the evaluation of bilberry anthocyanins as chemo-preventive agents is progressing. It has previously been demonstrated that anthocyanins upregulate tumor suppressor genes, induce apoptosis in cancer cells, repair and protect genomic DNA integrity, which is important in reducing age-associated oxidative stress, and improve neuronal and cognitive brain function. Bilberry anthocyanins have pronounced health effects, even though they have a low bioavailability. To increase the bioavailability, Bilberry was encapsulated in 5.5 nm diameter liposomal micelles, called NutraNanoSpheres (NNS), at a concentration of 2.5 mg/50 µl [25% (w/w) anthocyanins]. These Bilberry NNS were used to study the apoptotic/cytotoxic effects on K562 Human Erythroleukemic cancer cells. Flow cytometric fluorescent quantification of the uptake of propidium iodide in a special cell viability formulation into dead K562 cells was used to determine the effects of Bilberry on the viability of K562 cells. The concentrations of Bilberry that demonstrated the greatest levels of percentage inhibition, relative to the control populations, were biphasic, revealing a 60-70% inhibition between 0.018-1.14 mg/ml (n=6) and 60% inhibition at 4 mg/ml. The lowest percentage inhibition (30%) occurred at 2 mg/ml. The lethal dose 50 was determined to be 0.01-0.04 mg/ml of Bilberry per 105 K562 cells at 72 h of cell culture exposure. At 48 h incubation, the highest percentage of inhibition was only 27%, suggesting involvement of a long-term apoptotic event. These levels, which demonstrated direct cytotoxic effects, were 8-40 times lower than levels required for Bilberry that is not encapsulated. The increase in bioavailability with the Bilberry NNS and its water solubility demonstrated the feasibility of using Bilberry NNS in cancer patient clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth P Thibado
- Department, of Chemistry, Union University, Jackson, TN 38305, USA
| | | | - Thomas K Ballard
- Cancer Research Institute of West Tennessee, Henderson, TN 38340, USA
| | - Brandon T Goodman
- Cancer Research Institute of West Tennessee, Henderson, TN 38340, USA
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