1
|
Hu Y, Luo NJ, Gan L, Xue HY, Luo KY, Zhang JJ, Wang XZ. Heat stress upregulates arachidonic acid to trigger autophagy in sertoli cells via dysfunctional mitochondrial respiratory chain function. J Transl Med 2024; 22:501. [PMID: 38797842 PMCID: PMC11129461 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
As a key factor in determining testis size and sperm number, sertoli cells (SCs) play a crucial role in male infertility. Heat stress (HS) reduces SCs counts, negatively impacting nutrient transport and supply to germ cells, and leading to spermatogenesis failure in humans and animals. However, how HS affects the number of SCs remains unclear. We hypothesized that changes in SC metabolism contribute to the adverse effects of HS. In this study, we first observed an upregulation of arachidonic acid (AA), an unsaturated fatty acid after HS exposure by LC-MS/MS metabolome detection. By increasing ROS levels, expression of KEAP1 and NRF2 proteins as well as LC3 and LAMP2, 100 µM AA induced autophagy in SCs by activating oxidative stress (OS). We observed adverse effects of AA on mitochondria under HS with a decrease of mitochondrial number and an increase of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). We also found that AA alternated the oxygen transport and absorption function of mitochondria by increasing glycolysis flux and decreasing oxygen consumption rate as well as the expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins Complex I, II, V. However, pretreatment with 5 mM NAC (ROS inhibitor) and 2 µM Rotenone (mitochondrial ETC inhibitor) reversed the autophagy induced by AA. In summary, AA modulates autophagy in SCs during HS by disrupting mitochondrial ETC function, inferring that the release of AA is a switch-like response, and providing insight into the underlying mechanism of high temperatures causing male infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563000, Zunyi, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei, China
| | - Nan Jian Luo
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, 563000, Zunyi, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei, China
| | - Hong Yan Xue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei, China
| | - Ke Yan Luo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563000, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei, China.
| | - Xian Zhong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kang A, Kwak MJ, Lee DJ, Lee JJ, Kim MK, Song M, Lee M, Yang J, Oh S, Kim Y. Dietary supplementation with probiotics promotes weight loss by reshaping the gut microbiome and energy metabolism in obese dogs. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0255223. [PMID: 38270436 PMCID: PMC10913549 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02552-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight among companion animals are significant concerns, paralleling the issues observed in human populations. Recent research has highlighted the potential benefits of various probiotics in addressing weight-related changes, obesity, and associated pathologies. In this study, we delved into the beneficial probiotic mechanisms in high-fat-induced obese canines, revealing that Enterococcus faecium IDCC 2102 (IDCC 2102) and Bifidobacterium lactis IDCC 4301 (IDCC 4301) have the capacity to mitigate the increase in body weight and lipid accumulation in obese canines subjected to a high-fat diet and hyperlipidemic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) strain VS29. Both IDCC 2102 and IDCC 4301 demonstrated the ability to reduce systemic inflammation and hormonal disruptions induced by obesity. Notably, these probiotics induced modifications in the microbiota by promoting lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and S24-7, with concomitant activation of pyruvate metabolism. IDCC 4301, through the generation of bacterial short-chain fatty acids and carboxylic acids, facilitated glycolysis and contributed to ATP synthesis. Meanwhile, IDCC 2102 produced bacterial metabolites such as acetic acid and butyric acid, exhibiting a particular ability to stimulate dopamine synthesis in a canine model. This stimulation led to the restoration of eating behavior and improvements in glucose and insulin tolerance. In summary, we propose novel probiotics for the treatment of obese animals based on the modifications induced by IDCC 2102 and IDCC 4301. These probiotics enhanced systemic energy utilization in response to high caloric intake, thereby preventing lipid accumulation and restoring stability to the fecal microbiota. Consequently, this intervention resulted in a reduction in systemic inflammation caused by the high-fat diet.IMPORTANCEProbiotic supplementation affected commensal bacterial proliferation, and administering probiotics increased glycolysis and activated pyruvate metabolism in the body, which is related to propanate metabolism as a result of pyruvate metabolism activation boosting bacterial fatty acid production via dopamine and carboxylic acid specialized pathways, hence contributing to increased ATP synthesis and energy metabolism activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jin Kwak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniel Junpyo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minjee Lee
- Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jungwoo Yang
- Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee MB, Blue B, Muir M, Kaeberlein M. The million-molecule challenge: a moonshot project to rapidly advance longevity intervention discovery. GeroScience 2023; 45:3103-3113. [PMID: 37432607 PMCID: PMC10643437 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting aging is the future of twenty-first century preventative medicine. Small molecule interventions that promote healthy longevity are known, but few are well-developed and discovery of novel, robust interventions has stagnated. To accelerate longevity intervention discovery and development, high-throughput systems are needed that can perform unbiased drug screening and directly measure lifespan and healthspan metrics in whole animals. C. elegans is a powerful model system for this type of drug discovery. Combined with automated data capture and analysis technologies, truly high-throughput longevity drug discovery is possible. In this perspective, we propose the "million-molecule challenge", an effort to quantitatively assess 1,000,000 interventions for longevity within five years. The WormBot-AI, our best-in-class robotics and AI data analysis platform, provides a tool to achieve the million-molecule challenge for pennies per animal tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B Lee
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA.
| | - Benjamin Blue
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
| | - Michael Muir
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Ora Biomedical, Inc., 12101 Tukwila International Blvd Suite 210, Seattle, WA, 98168, USA
- Optispan Geroscience, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vérièpe-Salerno J, Podavini S, Long MJ, Kolotuev I, Cuendet M, Thome M. MALT-1 shortens lifespan by inhibiting autophagy in the intestine of C. elegans. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2023; 2:2277584. [PMID: 38510643 PMCID: PMC7615756 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2277584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The caspase-like protease MALT1 promotes immune responses and oncogenesis in mammals by activating the transcription factor NF-κB. MALT1 is remarkably conserved from mammals to simple metazoans devoid of NF-κB homologs, like the nematode C. elegans. To discover more ancient, NF-κB -independent MALT1 functions, we analysed the phenotype of C. elegans upon silencing of MALT-1 expression systemically or in a tissue-specific manner. MALT-1 silencing in the intestine caused a significant increase in life span, whereas intestinal overexpression of MALT-1 shortened life expectancy. Interestingly, MALT-1-deficient animals showed higher constitutive levels of autophagy in the intestine, which were particularly evident in aged or starved nematodes. Silencing of the autophagy regulators ATG-13, BEC-1 or LGG-2, but not the TOR homolog LET-363, reversed lifespan extension caused by MALT-1 deficiency. These findings suggest that MALT-1 limits the lifespan of C. elegans by acting as an inhibitor of an early step of autophagy in the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Vérièpe-Salerno
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Podavini
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Marcus J.C. Long
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Irina Kolotuev
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Quartier Sorge – Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margot Thome
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shiri TJ, Viau C, Gu X, Xu L, Lu Y, Xia J. The Native Microbiome Member Chryseobacterium sp. CHNTR56 MYb120 Induces Trehalose Production via a Shift in Central Carbon Metabolism during Early Life in C. elegans. Metabolites 2023; 13:953. [PMID: 37623896 PMCID: PMC10456584 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the system-wide loss of homeostasis, eventually leading to death. There is growing evidence that the microbiome not only evolves with its aging host, but also directly affects aging via the modulation of metabolites involved in important cellular functions. The widely used model organism C. elegans exhibits high selectivity towards its native microbiome members which confer a range of differential phenotypes and possess varying functional capacities. The ability of one such native microbiome species, Chryseobacterium sp. CHNTR56 MYb120, to improve the lifespan of C. elegans and to promote the production of Vitamin B6 in the co-colonizing member Comamonas sp. 12022 MYb131 are some of its beneficial effects on the worm host. We hypothesize that studying its metabolic influence on the different life stages of the worm could provide further insights into mutualistic interactions. The present work applied LC-MS untargeted metabolomics and isotope labeling to study the impact of the native microbiome member Chryseobacterium sp. CHNTR56 MYb120 on the metabolism of C. elegans. In addition to the upregulation of biosynthesis and detoxification pathway intermediates, we found that Chryseobacterium sp. CHNTR56 MYb120 upregulates the glyoxylate shunt in mid-adult worms which is linked to the upregulation of trehalose, an important metabolite for desiccation tolerance in older worms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha Jean Shiri
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (T.J.S.); (C.V.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
| | - Charles Viau
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (T.J.S.); (C.V.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
| | - Xue Gu
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (T.J.S.); (C.V.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (T.J.S.); (C.V.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (T.J.S.); (C.V.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Muthubharathi BC, Ravichandiran V, Balamurugan K. Distinct global metabolomic profiles of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans during interactions with Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. Mol Omics 2023; 19:574-584. [PMID: 37272185 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interactive network of hosts with pathogenic microbes is still questionable. It has been hypothesized and reported that the host shows altered regulatory mechanisms for different pathogens. Several studies using transcriptomics and proteomics revealed the altered pathways and sequential regulations displayed by the host during bacterial interactions. Still, there is a gap in understanding the triggering molecule at transcriptomic and proteomic levels due to the lack of the knowledge of the interactive metabolites produced during their interactions. In this study, the global metabolomic approach was performed in the nematode model organism Caenorhabditis elegans upon exposure to a Gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, and a Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and the whole metabolome was categorized as endo-metabolome (internally produced) and exo-metabolome (externally releasing). The extracted metabolites were subjected to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (ESI-LC/qToF-MS/MS). In total 5578, 4554 and 4046 endo-metabolites and 4451, 3625 and 1281 exo-metabolites were identified in C. elegans when exposed to E. coli OP50, S. Typhi and S. aureus, respectively. Both the multivariate and univariate analyses were performed. The variation in endo- and exo-metabolome during candidate bacterial interactions was observed. The results indicated that, during S. aureus interaction, the exclusively enriched metabolites were significantly involved in alpha-linoleic acid metabolism. Similarly, the exclusively enriched metabolites during the interaction of S. Typhi were significantly involved in the phosphatidylinositol signalling system. The whole metabolomic profile presented here will build the scope to understand the role of metabolites and the respective pathways in host response during the early period of bacterial infections.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Wu W, Gong J. Live or death in cells: from micronutrition metabolism to cell fate. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1185989. [PMID: 37250891 PMCID: PMC10213646 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1185989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients and cell death have a strong relationship and both are essential for human to maintain good body health. Dysregulation of any micronutrients causes metabolic or chronic diseases, including obesity, cardiometabolic condition, neurodegeneration, and cancer. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an ideal genetic organism for researching the mechanisms of micronutrients in metabolism, healthspan, and lifespan. For example, C. elegans is a haem auxotroph, and the research of this special haem trafficking pathway contributes important reference to mammal study. Also, C. elegans characteristics including anatomy simply, clear cell lineage, well-defined genetics, and easily differentiated cell forms make it a powerful tool for studying the mechanisms of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Here, we describe the understanding of micronutrient metabolism currently and also sort out the fundamental mechanisms of different kinds of cell death. A thorough understanding of these physiological processes not only builds a foundation for developing better treatments for various micronutrient disorders but also provides key insights into human health and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kachhawaha AS, Mishra S, Tiwari AK. Epigenetic control of heredity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 198:25-60. [PMID: 37225323 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the field of science that deals with the study of changes in gene function that do not involve changes in DNA sequence and are heritable while epigenetics inheritance is the process of transmission of epigenetic modifications to the next generation. It can be transient, intergenerational, or transgenerational. There are various epigenetic modifications involving mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA expression, all of which are inheritable. In this chapter, we summarize the information on epigenetic inheritance, its mechanism, inheritance studies on various organisms, factors affecting epigenetic modifications and their inheritance, and the role of epigenetic inheritance in the heritability of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Singh Kachhawaha
- Laboratory of Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology, School of Forensic Sciences, National Forensic Sciences University (NFSU), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sarita Mishra
- Laboratory of Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology, School of Forensic Sciences, National Forensic Sciences University (NFSU), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
da Cruz Guedes E, Erustes AG, Leão AHFF, Carneiro CA, Abílio VC, Zuardi AW, Hallak JEC, Crippa JA, Bincoletto C, Smaili SS, Reckziegel P, Pereira GJS. Cannabidiol Recovers Dopaminergic Neuronal Damage Induced by Reserpine or α-synuclein in Caenorhabditis elegans. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03905-z. [PMID: 36964823 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson Disease (PD) lack curative or long-term treatments. At the same time, the increase of the worldwide elderly population and, consequently, the extension in the prevalence of age-related diseases have promoted research interest in neurodegenerative disorders. Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living nematode widely used as an animal model in studies of human diseases. Here we evaluated cannabidiol (CBD) as a possible neuroprotective compound in PD using the C. elegans models exposed to reserpine. Our results demonstrated that CBD reversed the reserpine-induced locomotor alterations and this response was independent of the NPR-19 receptors, an orthologous receptor for central cannabinoid receptor type 1. Morphological alterations of cephalic sensilla (CEP) dopaminergic neurons indicated that CBD also protects neurons from reserpine-induced degeneration. That is, CBD attenuates the reserpine-induced increase of worms with shrunken soma and dendrites loss, increasing the number of worms with intact CEP neurons. Finally, we found that CBD also reduced ROS formation and α-syn protein accumulation in mutant worms. Our findings collectively provide new evidence that CBD acts as neuroprotector in dopaminergic neurons, reducing neurotoxicity and α-syn accumulation highlighting its potential in the treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika da Cruz Guedes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Garcia Erustes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Anderson H F F Leão
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - César Alves Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Abílio
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Zuardi
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime Eduardo C Hallak
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Crippa
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Soraya S Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Reckziegel
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J S Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Três de Maio Street, 100, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu Y, Xu K, Lin D, Wang S, Fu R, Deng X, Croppi G, Zhang J. Multi-omics analysis reveals neuroinflammation, activated glial signaling, and dysregulated synaptic signaling and metabolism in the hippocampus of aged mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:964429. [PMID: 36408109 PMCID: PMC9669972 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.964429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an intricate biological event that occurs in both vertebrates and invertebrates. During the aging process, the brain, a vulnerable organ, undergoes structural and functional alterations, resulting in behavioral changes. The hippocampus has long been known to be critically associated with cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease during aging; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that altered metabolic and gene expression profiles promote the aging process in the hippocampus. Behavioral tests showed that exploration, locomotion, learning, and memory activities were reduced in aged mice. Metabolomics analysis identified 69 differentially abundant metabolites and showed that the abundance of amino acids, lipids, and microbiota-derived metabolites (MDMs) was significantly altered in hippocampal tissue of aged animals. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis identified 376 differentially expressed genes in the aged hippocampus. A total of 35 differentially abundant metabolites and 119 differentially expressed genes, constituting the top 200 correlations, were employed for the co-expression network. The multi-omics analysis showed that pathways related to inflammation, microglial activation, synapse, cell death, cellular/tissue homeostasis, and metabolism were dysregulated in the aging hippocampus. Our data revealed that metabolic perturbations and gene expression alterations in the aged hippocampus were possibly linked to their behavioral changes in aged mice; we also provide evidence that altered MDMs might mediate the interaction between gut and brain during the aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yinzhong Lu,
| | - Kejia Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobei Deng
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Junjie Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kang Z, Chen F, Wu W, Liu R, Chen T, Xu F. UPRmt and coordinated UPRER in type 2 diabetes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:974083. [PMID: 36187475 PMCID: PMC9523447 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.974083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a molecular mechanism that maintains mitochondrial proteostasis under stress and is closely related to various metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Similarly, the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) is responsible for maintaining proteomic stability in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Since the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are the primary centers of energy metabolism and protein synthesis in cells, respectively, a synergistic mechanism must exist between UPRmt and UPRER to cooperatively resist stresses such as hyperglycemia in T2D. Increasing evidence suggests that the protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling pathway is likely an important node for coordinating UPRmt and UPRER. The PERK pathway is activated in both UPRmt and UPRER, and its downstream molecules perform important functions. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of UPRmt, UPRER and their crosstalk in T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfang Kang
- Department of Basic Medical Research, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanhui Wu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianda Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Basic Medical Research, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang F, Zhang X, Liang X, Wu K, Cao Y, Ma T, Guo S, Chen P, Yu S, Ruan Q, Xu C, Liu C, Qian D, Duan JA. Defensing against oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans of a polysaccharide LFP-05S from Lycii fructus. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 289:119433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
13
|
Liu N, Chen Y, Yang L, Shi Q, Lu Y, Ma W, Han X, Guo H, Li D, Gan W. Both SUMOylation and ubiquitination of TFE3 fusion protein regulated by androgen receptor are the potential target in the therapy of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e797. [PMID: 35452181 PMCID: PMC9029019 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aggressiveness of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion (Xp11.2 translocation RCC [Xp11.2 tRCC]) is age‐dependent, which is similar to the overall trend of reproductive endocrine hormones. Therefore, this study focused on the effect and potential mechanism of androgen and androgen receptor (AR) on the progression of Xp11.2 tRCC. Methods The effects of androgen and AR on the proliferation and migration of Xp11.2 tRCC cells were first evaluated utilising Xp11.2 tRCC cell lines and tissues. Because Transcription factor enhancer 3 (TFE3) fusion proteins play a key role in Xp11.2 tRCC, we focused on the regulatory role of AR and TFE3 expression and transcriptional activity. Results When Xp11.2 tRCC cells were treated with dihydrotestosterone, increased cell proliferation, invasion and migration were observed. Compared with clear cell RCC, the positive rate of AR in Xp11.2 tRCC tissues was higher, and its expression was negatively associated with the progression‐free survival of Xp11.2 tRCC. Further studies revealed that AR could positively regulate the transcriptional activity of TFE3 fusion proteins by small ubiquitin‐related modifier (SUMO)‐specific protease 1, inducing the deSUMOylation of TFE3 fusion. On the other hand, UCHL1 negatively regulated by AR plays a role in the deubiquitination degradation of the PRCC‐TFE3 fusion protein. Therefore, the combination of the AR inhibitor MDV3100 and the UCHL1 inhibitor 6RK73 was effective in delaying the progression of Xp11.2 tRCC, especially PRCC‐TFE3 tRCC. Conclusions Androgen and AR function as facilitators in Xp11.2 tRCC progression and may be a novel therapeutic target for Xp11.2 tRCC. The combined use of AR antagonist MDV3100 and UCHL1 inhibitor 6RK73 increased both the SUMOylation and ubiquitination of the PRCC‐TFE3 fusion protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiancheng Shi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanwen Lu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenliang Ma
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weidong Gan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fausett S, Poullet N, Gimond C, Vielle A, Bellone M, Braendle C. Germ cell apoptosis is critical to maintain Caenorhabditis elegans offspring viability in stressful environments. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260573. [PMID: 34879088 PMCID: PMC8654231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining reproduction in highly variable, often stressful, environments is an essential challenge for all organisms. Even transient exposure to mild environmental stress may directly damage germ cells or simply tax the physiology of an individual, making it difficult to produce quality gametes. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a large fraction of germ cells acts as nurse cells, supporting developing oocytes before eventually undergoing so-called physiological germ cell apoptosis. Although C. elegans apoptosis has been extensively studied, little is known about how germline apoptosis is influenced by ecologically relevant environmental stress. Moreover, it remains unclear to what extent germline apoptosis contributes to maintaining oocyte quality, and thus offspring viability, in such conditions. Here we show that exposure to diverse environmental stressors, likely occurring in the natural C. elegans habitat (starvation, ethanol, acid, and mild oxidative stress), increases germline apoptosis, consistent with previous reports on stress-induced apoptosis. Using loss-of-function mutant alleles of ced-3 and ced-4, we demonstrate that eliminating the core apoptotic machinery strongly reduces embryonic survival when mothers are exposed to such environmental stressors during early adult life. In contrast, mutations in ced-9 and egl-1 that primarily block apoptosis in the soma but not in the germline, did not exhibit such reduced embryonic survival under environmental stress. Therefore, C. elegans germ cell apoptosis plays an essential role in maintaining offspring fitness in adverse environments. Finally, we show that ced-3 and ced-4 mutants exhibit concomitant decreases in embryo size and changes in embryo shape when mothers are exposed to environmental stress. These observations may indicate inadequate oocyte provisioning due to the absence of germ cell apoptosis. Taken together, our results show that the central genes of the apoptosis pathway play a key role in maintaining gamete quality, and thus offspring fitness, under ecologically relevant environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fausett
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IBV, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Anne Vielle
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IBV, Nice, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ge Y, Zhou M, Chen C, Wu X, Wang X. Role of AMPK mediated pathways in autophagy and aging. Biochimie 2021; 195:100-113. [PMID: 34838647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AMPK is an important kinase regulating energy homeostasis and also a key protein involved in a variety of signal transduction pathways. It plays a vitally regulatory role in cellular senescence. Activation of AMPK can delay or block the aging process, which is of great significance in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and other aging related diseases, and provides a potential target for new indications such as Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, AMPK signaling pathway plays an important role in aging research. The in-depth study of AMPK activators will provide more new directions for the treatment of age-related maladies and the development of innovative drugs. Autophagy is a process that engulfs and degrades own cytoplasm or organelles. Thereby, meeting the metabolic demands and updating certain organelles of the cell has become a hotspot in the field of anti-aging in recent years. AMPK plays an important role between autophagy and senescence. In our review, the relationship among AMPK signaling, autophagy and aging will be clarified through the interaction between AMPK and mTOR, ULK1, FOXO, p53, SIRT1, and NF -κB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Ge
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Cui Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530007, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Over Fifty Years of Life, Death, and Cannibalism: A Historical Recollection of Apoptosis and Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212466. [PMID: 34830349 PMCID: PMC8618802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in biomedical sciences has changed dramatically over the past fifty years. There is no doubt that the discovery of apoptosis and autophagy as two highly synchronized and regulated mechanisms in cellular homeostasis are among the most important discoveries in these decades. Along with the advancement in molecular biology, identifying the genetic players in apoptosis and autophagy has shed light on our understanding of their function in physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we first describe the history of key discoveries in apoptosis with a molecular insight and continue with apoptosis pathways and their regulation. We touch upon the role of apoptosis in human health and its malfunction in several diseases. We discuss the path to the morphological and molecular discovery of autophagy. Moreover, we dive deep into the precise regulation of autophagy and recent findings from basic research to clinical applications of autophagy modulation in human health and illnesses and the available therapies for many diseases caused by impaired autophagy. We conclude with the exciting crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy, from the early discoveries to recent findings.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sirtuins and Autophagy in Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lessons from the C. elegans Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212263. [PMID: 34830158 PMCID: PMC8619060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated neurodegenerative diseases are known to have "impaired protein clearance" as one of the key features causing their onset and progression. Hence, homeostasis is the key to maintaining balance throughout the cellular system as an organism ages. Any imbalance in the protein clearance machinery is responsible for accumulation of unwanted proteins, leading to pathological consequences-manifesting in neurodegeneration and associated debilitating outcomes. Multiple processes are involved in regulating this phenomenon; however, failure to regulate the autophagic machinery is a critical process that hampers the protein clearing pathway, leading to neurodegeneration. Another important and widely known component that plays a role in modulating neurodegeneration is a class of proteins called sirtuins. These are class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) that are known to regulate various vital processes such as longevity, genomic stability, transcription and DNA repair. These enzymes are also known to modulate neurodegeneration in an autophagy-dependent manner. Considering its genetic relevance and ease of studying disease-related endpoints in neurodegeneration, the model system Caenorhabditis elegans has been successfully employed in deciphering various functional outcomes related to critical protein molecules, cell death pathways and their association with ageing. This review summarizes the vital role of sirtuins and autophagy in ageing and neurodegeneration, in particular highlighting the knowledge obtained using the C. elegans model system.
Collapse
|
18
|
Grifola frondosa (Maitake) Extract Reduces Fat Accumulation and Improves Health Span in C. elegans through the DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/NRF2 Signalling Pathways. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113968. [PMID: 34836223 PMCID: PMC8620745 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, food ingredients rich in bioactive compounds have emerged as candidates to prevent excess adiposity and other metabolic complications characteristic of obesity, such as low-grade inflammation and oxidative status. Among them, fungi have gained popularity for their high polysaccharide content and other bioactive components with beneficial activities. Here, we use the C. elegans model to investigate the potential activities of a Grifola frondosa extract (GE), together with the underlying mechanisms of action. Our study revealed that GE represents an important source of polysaccharides and phenolic compounds with in vitro antioxidant activity. Treatment with our GE extract, which was found to be nongenotoxic through a SOS/umu test, significantly reduced the fat content of C. elegans, decreased the production of intracellular ROS and aging–lipofuscin pigment, and increased the lifespan of nematodes. Gene expression and mutant analyses demonstrated that the in vivo anti-obesity and antioxidant activities of GE were mediated through the daf-2/daf-16 and skn-1/nrf-2 signalling pathways, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that our GE extract could be considered a potential functional ingredient for the prevention of obesity-related disturbances.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gouda K, AbdelHamid S, Mansour A, Omar N, El-Mesallamy H. Amelioration of Diabetic Nephropathy by Targeting Autophagy via Rapamycin or Fasting: Relation to Cell Apoptosis/Survival. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1698-1714. [PMID: 34698133 PMCID: PMC8928967 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been demonstrated to have a beneficial effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN). Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, was shown to stimulate β-cell autophagy. However, its effects on preventing or ameliorating DN is unclear, and its effects are worth studying. As fasting is now an attractive protective strategy, we aim to compare its effect to rapamycin effects on pancreatic and renal cells. Twenty-eight adult male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups, using streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes mellitus (DM). Autophagy was induced by two ways; rapamycin or fasting. The extent of autophagy and apoptosis were investigated by measuring the level of LC3B and p53 proteins, respectively, in pancreatic and kidney tissues using Western blotting (WB) technique and imaging the renal cells under transmission electron microscope. The efflux transporter P-glycoprotein was quantified by WB as well. Rapamycin-induced autophagy occurred concurrently with apoptosis. On the other hand, fasting supported P-glycoprotein recovery and renal cell survival together with disabling β-cells apoptosis. In conclusion, this study provides a potential link between rapamycin or fasting for the cross-regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in the setting of cell stress as DN. Unlike rapamycin, fasting enhanced the active expression of ABCB1 efflux protein, providing insights on the potential ameliorative effects of fasting in DN that require further elucidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Gouda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 12055, Egypt; (K.G.); (N.O.)
| | - Sherihan AbdelHamid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Mansour
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Nesreen Omar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 12055, Egypt; (K.G.); (N.O.)
| | - Hala El-Mesallamy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Dean of Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, North Sinai 45518, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-106-1669-913
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu L, Guo P, Wang P, Zheng S, Qu Z, Liu N. The Review of Anti-aging Mechanism of Polyphenols on Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:635768. [PMID: 34327192 PMCID: PMC8314386 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.635768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients extracted from natural plants or made by biological synthesis are widely used in anti-aging research and applications. Among more than 30 effective anti-aging substances, employing polyphenol organic compounds for modification or delaying of the aging process attracts great interest because of their distinct contribution in the prevention of degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. There is a profound potential for polyphenol extracts in the research of aging and the related diseases of the elderly. Previous studies have mainly focused on the properties of polyphenols implicated in free radical scavenging; however, the anti-oxidant effect cannot fully elaborate its biological functions, such as neuroprotection, Aβ protein production, ion channel coupling, and signal transduction pathways. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been considered as an ideal model organism for exploring the mechanism of anti-aging research and is broadly utilized in screening for natural bioactive substances. In this review, we have described the molecular mechanisms and pathways responsible for the slowdown of aging processes exerted by polyphenols. We also have discussed the possible mechanisms for their anti-oxidant and anti-aging properties in C. elegans from the perspective of different classifications of the specific polyphenols, such as flavonols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and stilbenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Peisen Guo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peixi Wang
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shanqing Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhi Qu
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Nan Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Institute of Environment and Health, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wulff JP, Segura DF, Devescovi F, Muntaabski I, Milla FH, Scannapieco AC, Cladera JL, Lanzavecchia SB. Identification and characterization of soluble binding proteins associated with host foraging in the parasitoid wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252765. [PMID: 34138896 PMCID: PMC8211293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The communication and reproduction of insects are driven by chemical sensing. During this process, chemical compounds are transported across the sensillum lymph to the sensory neurons assisted by different types of soluble binding proteins: odorant-binding proteins (OBPs); chemosensory proteins (CSPs); some members of ML-family proteins (MD-2 (myeloid differentiation factor-2)-related Lipid-recognition), also known as NPC2-like proteins. Potential transcripts involved in chemosensing were identified by an in silico analysis of whole-body female and male transcriptomes of the parasitic wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. This analysis facilitated the characterization of fourteen OBPs (all belonging to the Classic type), seven CSPs (and two possible isoforms), and four NPC2-like proteins. A differential expression analysis by qPCR showed that eleven of these proteins (CSPs 2 and 8, OBPs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11, and NPC2b) were over-expressed in female antenna and two (CSP 1 and OBP 12) in the body without antennae. Foraging behavior trials (linked to RNA interference) suggest that OBPs 9, 10, and 11 are potentially involved in the female orientation to chemical cues associated with the host. OBP 12 seems to be related to physiological processes of female longevity regulation. In addition, transcriptional silencing of CSP 3 showed that this protein is potentially associated with the regulation of foraging behavior. This study supports the hypothesis that soluble binding proteins are potentially linked to fundamental physiological processes and behaviors in D. longicaudata. The results obtained here contribute useful information to increase the parasitoid performance as a biological control agent of fruit fly pest species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Wulff
- Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Agronómica, Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (INTA) gv IABIMO (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego F. Segura
- Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Agronómica, Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (INTA) gv IABIMO (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Devescovi
- Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Agronómica, Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (INTA) gv IABIMO (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irina Muntaabski
- Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Agronómica, Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (INTA) gv IABIMO (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabian H. Milla
- Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Agronómica, Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (INTA) gv IABIMO (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra C. Scannapieco
- Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Agronómica, Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (INTA) gv IABIMO (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge L. Cladera
- Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Agronómica, Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (INTA) gv IABIMO (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia B. Lanzavecchia
- Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Agronómica, Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (INTA) gv IABIMO (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu D, Lin Q, Wu W, Wu Y, Liang Y. Revealing the antiaging effects of cereal- and food oil-derived active substances by a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Food Funct 2021; 12:3296-3306. [PMID: 33900310 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02240c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cereal grains and oils contain various functional ingredients, such as amino acids, peptides, polyphenols, dietary fiber, linoleic acid, and natural pigments. Their biological activities are of great significance. Benefiting from its robust genetic function and simple cultivation, Caenorhabditis elegans, as one of the most important model organisms has been widely used to screen antiaging substances and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this paper, the recent advances in the use of C. elegans in antiaging research into active substances from cereals and oils will be assessed, and their potential signal transduction mechanisms will be systematically reviewed. This research aims to provide a theoretical reference for the use of active substances from cereals and oils to prevent and delay aging and aging-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danling Xu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mohammad K, Titorenko VI. Caloric restriction creates a metabolic pattern of chronological aging delay that in budding yeast differs from the metabolic design established by two other geroprotectors. Oncotarget 2021; 12:608-625. [PMID: 33868583 PMCID: PMC8021023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction and the tor1Δ mutation are robust geroprotectors in yeast and other eukaryotes. Lithocholic acid is a potent geroprotector in Saccharomycescerevisiae. Here, we used liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method of non-targeted metabolomics to compare the effects of these three geroprotectors on the intracellular metabolome of chronologically aging budding yeast. Yeast cells were cultured in a nutrient-rich medium. Our metabolomic analysis identified and quantitated 193 structurally and functionally diverse water-soluble metabolites implicated in the major pathways of cellular metabolism. We show that the three different geroprotectors create distinct metabolic profiles throughout the entire chronological lifespan of S. cerevisiae. We demonstrate that caloric restriction generates a unique metabolic pattern. Unlike the tor1Δ mutation or lithocholic acid, it slows down the metabolic pathway for sulfur amino acid biosynthesis from aspartate, sulfate and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Consequently, caloric restriction significantly lowers the intracellular concentrations of methionine, S-adenosylmethionine and cysteine. We also noticed that the low-calorie diet, but not the tor1Δ mutation or lithocholic acid, decreases intracellular ATP, increases the ADP:ATP and AMP:ATP ratios, and rises intracellular ADP during chronological aging. We propose a model of how the specific remodeling of cellular metabolism by caloric restriction contributes to yeast chronological aging delay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karamat Mohammad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Koch SC, Nelson A, Hartenstein V. Structural aspects of the aging invertebrate brain. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 383:931-947. [PMID: 33409654 PMCID: PMC7965346 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a decline in neuronal function in all animal species investigated so far. Functional changes are accompanied by and may be in part caused by, structurally visible degenerative changes in neurons. In the mammalian brain, normal aging shows abnormalities in dendrites and axons, as well as ultrastructural changes in synapses, rather than global neuron loss. The analysis of the structural features of aging neurons, as well as their causal link to molecular mechanisms on the one hand, and the functional decline on the other hand is crucial in order to understand the aging process in the brain. Invertebrate model organisms like Drosophila and C. elegans offer the opportunity to apply a forward genetic approach to the analysis of aging. In the present review, we aim to summarize findings concerning abnormalities in morphology and ultrastructure in invertebrate brains during normal aging and compare them to what is known for the mammalian brain. It becomes clear that despite of their considerably shorter life span, invertebrates display several age-related changes very similar to the mammalian condition, including the retraction of dendritic and axonal branches at specific locations, changes in synaptic density and increased accumulation of presynaptic protein complexes. We anticipate that continued research efforts in invertebrate systems will significantly contribute to reveal (and possibly manipulate) the molecular/cellular pathways leading to neuronal aging in the mammalian brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Koch
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Annie Nelson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Volker Hartenstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
La Spina M, Contreras PS, Rissone A, Meena NK, Jeong E, Martina JA. MiT/TFE Family of Transcription Factors: An Evolutionary Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:609683. [PMID: 33490073 PMCID: PMC7815692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Response and adaptation to stress are critical for the survival of all living organisms. The regulation of the transcriptional machinery is an important aspect of these complex processes. The members of the microphthalmia (MiT/TFE) family of transcription factors, apart from their involvement in melanocyte biology, are emerging as key players in a wide range of cellular functions in response to a plethora of internal and external stresses. The MiT/TFE proteins are structurally related and conserved through evolution. Their tissue expression and activities are highly regulated by alternative splicing, promoter usage, and posttranslational modifications. Here, we summarize the functions of MiT/TFE proteins as master transcriptional regulators across evolution and discuss the contribution of animal models to our understanding of the various roles of these transcription factors. We also highlight the importance of deciphering transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in the quest for potential therapeutic targets for human diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina La Spina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pablo S Contreras
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alberto Rissone
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Naresh K Meena
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eutteum Jeong
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - José A Martina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ye Y, Gu Q, Sun X. Potential of Caenorhabditis elegans as an antiaging evaluation model for dietary phytochemicals: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3084-3105. [PMID: 33337057 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable process characterized by the accumulation of degenerative damage, leading to serious diseases that affect human health. Studies on aging aim to develop pre-protection or therapies to delay aging and age-related diseases. A preventive approach is preferable to clinical treatment not only to reduce investment but also to alleviate pain in patients. Adjusting daily diet habits to improve the aging condition is a potentially attractive strategy. Fruits and vegetables containing active compounds that can effectively delay the aging process and reduce or inhibit age-related degenerative diseases have been identified. The signaling pathways related to aging in Caenorhabditis elegans are evolutionarily conserved; thus, studying antiaging components by intervening senescence process may contribute to the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases in humans. This review focuses on the effects of food-derived extracts or purified substance on antiaging in nematodes, as well as the underlying mechanisms, on the basis of several major signaling pathways and key regulatory factors in aging. The aim is to provide references for a healthy diet guidance and the development of antiaging nutritional supplements. Finally, challenges in the use of C. elegans as the antiaging evaluation model are discussed, together with the development that potentially inspire novel strategies and research tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qingyin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
A diversity of gene regulatory mechanisms drives the changes in gene expression required for animal development. Here, we discuss the developmental roles of a class of gene regulatory factors composed of a core protein subunit of the Argonaute family and a 21-26-nucleotide RNA cofactor. These represent ancient regulatory complexes, originally evolved to repress genomic parasites such as transposons, viruses and retroviruses. However, over the course of evolution, small RNA-guided pathways have expanded and diversified, and they play multiple roles across all eukaryotes. Pertinent to this review, Argonaute and small RNA-mediated regulation has acquired numerous functions that affect all aspects of animal life. The regulatory function is provided by the Argonaute protein and its interactors, while the small RNA provides target specificity, guiding the Argonaute to a complementary RNA. C. elegans has 19 different, functional Argonautes, defining distinct yet interconnected pathways. Each Argonaute binds a relatively well-defined class of small RNA with distinct molecular properties. A broad classification of animal small RNA pathways distinguishes between two groups: (i) the microRNA pathway is involved in repressing relatively specific endogenous genes and (ii) the other small RNA pathways, which effectively act as a genomic immune system to primarily repress expression of foreign or "non-self" RNA while maintaining correct endogenous gene expression. microRNAs play prominent direct roles in all developmental stages, adult physiology and lifespan. The other small RNA pathways act primarily in the germline, but their impact extends far beyond, into embryogenesis and adult physiology, and even to subsequent generations. Here, we review the mechanisms and developmental functions of the diverse small RNA pathways of C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Cochella
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rajpal A, Ismail-Beigi F. Intermittent fasting and 'metabolic switch': Effects on metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:1496-1510. [PMID: 32372521 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Various intermittent fasting (IF) dietary plans have gained popularity among obese individuals in recent years as a means of achieving weight loss. However, studies evaluating the effect of IF regimens in people with metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are limited. The aim of the present review was to briefly elucidate the biochemical and physiological mechanisms underlying the positive effects of IF, especially the effect of the proposed 'metabolic switch' on metabolism. Next, we examined the efficacy and safety of IF regimens in individuals with metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and T2D. To achieve this, we performed a MEDLINE PubMed search using combinations of various IF terms, including trials in which participants met the additional criteria for metabolic syndrome, prediabetes or T2D. We found four studies in individuals with metabolic syndrome, one study in people with prediabetes, and eight studies in people with T2D evaluating the effects of different IF regimens. The limited available evidence, with small sample sizes and short trial durations, suggests that IF regimens have a similar effectiveness compared with calorie-restriction diets for weight loss and improvement in glycaemic variables. In general, most IF regimens are effective and safe. However, there is an increased risk of hypoglycaemia in patients with T2D who are treated with insulin or sulphonylureas. Moreover, long-term adherence to these regimens appears uncertain. There is a need for large controlled randomized trials to evaluate the efficacy of IF regimens, especially in individuals with metabolic syndrome and prediabetes. If proven to be sustainable and efficacious for prolonged periods, IF could offer a promising approach to improving health at the population level, and would result in multiple public health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aman Rajpal
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Faramarz Ismail-Beigi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Losiewicz MK, Elghazi L, Fingar DC, Rajala RVS, Lentz SI, Fort PE, Abcouwer SF, Gardner TW. mTORC1 and mTORC2 expression in inner retinal neurons and glial cells. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108131. [PMID: 32622801 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The retina is one of the most metabolically active tissues, yet the processes that control retinal metabolism remains poorly understood. The mTOR complex (mTORC) that drives protein and lipid biogenesis and autophagy has been studied extensively in regards to retinal development and responses to optic nerve injury but the processes that regulate homeostasis in the adult retina have not been determined. We previously demonstrated that normal adult retina has high rates of protein synthesis compared to skeletal muscle, associated with high levels of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a kinase that forms multi-subunit complexes that sense and integrate diverse environmental cues to control cell and tissue physiology. This study was undertaken to: 1) quantify expression of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)- and mTORC2-specific partner proteins in normal adult rat retina, brain and liver; and 2) to localize these components in normal human, rat, and mouse retinas. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation studies revealed greater expression of raptor (exclusive to mTORC1) and rictor (exclusive for mTORC2) in normal rat retina relative to liver or brain, as well as the activating mTORC components, pSIN1 and pPRAS40. By contrast, liver exhibits greater amounts of the mTORC inhibitor, DEPTOR. Immunolocalization studies for all three species showed that mTOR, raptor, and rictor, as well as most other known components of mTORC1 and mTORC2, were primarily localized in the inner retina with mTORC1 primarily in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and mTORC2 primarily in glial cells. In addition, phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6, a direct target of the mTORC1 substrate ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1), was readily detectable in RGCs, indicating active mTORC1 signaling, and was preserved in human donor eyes. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the inner retina expresses high levels of mTORC1 and mTORC2 and possesses active mTORC1 signaling that may provide cell- and tissue-specific regulation of homeostatic activity. These findings help to define the physiology of the inner retina, which is key for understanding the pathophysiology of optic neuropathies, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raju V S Rajala
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, United States
| | - Stephen I Lentz
- Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, United States
| | - Patrice E Fort
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, United States; Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, United States
| | | | - Thomas W Gardner
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, United States; Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, United States; Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sun Y, Li M, Zhao D, Li X, Yang C, Wang X. Lysosome activity is modulated by multiple longevity pathways and is important for lifespan extension in C. elegans. eLife 2020; 9:55745. [PMID: 32482227 PMCID: PMC7274789 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes play important roles in cellular degradation to maintain cell homeostasis. In order to understand whether and how lysosomes alter with age and contribute to lifespan regulation, we characterized multiple properties of lysosomes during the aging process in C. elegans. We uncovered age-dependent alterations in lysosomal morphology, motility, acidity and degradation activity, all of which indicate a decline in lysosome function with age. The age-associated lysosomal changes are suppressed in the long-lived mutants daf-2, eat-2 and isp-1, which extend lifespan by inhibiting insulin/IGF-1 signaling, reducing food intake and impairing mitochondrial function, respectively. We found that 43 lysosome genes exhibit reduced expression with age, including genes encoding subunits of the proton pump V-ATPase and cathepsin proteases. The expression of lysosome genes is upregulated in the long-lived mutants, and this upregulation requires the functions of DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/NRF2 transcription factors. Impairing lysosome function affects clearance of aggregate-prone proteins and disrupts lifespan extension in daf-2, eat-2 and isp-1 worms. Our data indicate that lysosome function is modulated by multiple longevity pathways and is important for lifespan extension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- College of Life science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meijiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chonglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Anderson NS, Haynes CM. Folding the Mitochondrial UPR into the Integrated Stress Response. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:428-439. [PMID: 32413314 PMCID: PMC7230072 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells must accurately monitor the integrity of the mitochondrial network to overcome environmental insults and respond to physiological cues. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a mitochondrial-to-nuclear signaling pathway that maintains mitochondrial proteostasis, mediates signaling between tissues, and regulates organismal aging. Aberrant UPRmt signaling is associated with a wide spectrum of disorders, including congenital diseases as well as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review recent research into the mechanisms underlying UPRmt signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans and discuss emerging connections between the UPRmt signaling and a translational regulation program called the 'integrated stress response'. Further study of the UPRmt will potentially enable development of new therapeutic strategies for inherited metabolic disorders and diseases of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S Anderson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Cole M Haynes
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Anti-aging Effects of Calorie Restriction (CR) and CR Mimetics based on the Senoinflammation Concept. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020422. [PMID: 32041168 PMCID: PMC7071238 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, a pervasive feature of the aging process, is defined by a continuous, multifarious, low-grade inflammatory response. It is a sustained and systemic phenomenon that aggravates aging and can lead to age-related chronic diseases. In recent years, our understanding of age-related chronic inflammation has advanced through a large number of investigations on aging and calorie restriction (CR). A broader view of age-related inflammation is the concept of senoinflammation, which has an outlook beyond the traditional view, as proposed in our previous work. In this review, we discuss the effects of CR on multiple phases of proinflammatory networks and inflammatory signaling pathways to elucidate the basic mechanism underlying aging. Based on studies on senoinflammation and CR, we recognized that senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which mainly comprises cytokines and chemokines, was significantly increased during aging, whereas it was suppressed during CR. Further, we recognized that cellular metabolic pathways were also dysregulated in aging; however, CR mimetics reversed these effects. These results further support and enhance our understanding of the novel concept of senoinflammation, which is related to the metabolic changes that occur in the aging process. Furthermore, a thorough elucidation of the effect of CR on senoinflammation will reveal key insights and allow possible interventions in aging mechanisms, thus contributing to the development of new therapies focused on improving health and longevity.
Collapse
|
33
|
Rashid S, Pho KB, Mesbahi H, MacNeil LT. Nutrient Sensing and Response Drive Developmental Progression in Caenorhabditis elegans. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900194. [PMID: 32003906 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In response to nutrient limitation, many animals, including Caenorhabditis elegans, slow or arrest their development. This process requires mechanisms that sense essential nutrients and induce appropriate responses. When faced with nutrient limitation, C. elegans can induce both short and long-term survival strategies, including larval arrest, decreased developmental rate, and dauer formation. To select the most advantageous strategy, information from many different sensors must be integrated into signaling pathways, including target of rapamycin (TOR) and insulin, that regulate developmental progression. Here, how nutrient information is sensed and integrated into developmental decisions that determine developmental rate and progression in C. elegans is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabih Rashid
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim B Pho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiva Mesbahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lesley T MacNeil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Ontario, Canada.,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Ontario, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang S, Li F, Zhou T, Wang G, Li Z. Caenorhabditis elegans as a Useful Model for Studying Aging Mutations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:554994. [PMID: 33123086 PMCID: PMC7570440 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.554994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans genome possesses homologs of about two-thirds of all human disease genes. Based on its physiological aging characteristics and superiority, the use of C. elegans as a model system for studies on aging, age-related diseases, mechanisms of longevity, and drug screening has been widely acknowledged in recent decades. Lifespan increasing mutations in C. elegans were found to delay aging by impinging several signaling pathways and related epigenetic modifications, including the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Interestingly, dietary restriction (DR) has been shown to increase the lifespan of numerous metazoans and protect them from multiple age-related pathologies. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In recent decades, C. elegans has been used as a unique model system for high-throughput drug screening. Here, we review C. elegans mutants exhibiting increased in lifespan and age-dependent changes under DR, as well as the utility of C. elegans for drug screening. Thus, we provide evidence for the use of this model organism in research on the prevention of aging.
Collapse
|
35
|
Molecular Determinants of Cancer Therapy Resistance to HDAC Inhibitor-Induced Autophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010109. [PMID: 31906235 PMCID: PMC7016854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylation inhibitors (HDACi) offer high potential for future cancer therapy as they can re-establish the expression of epigenetically silenced cell death programs. HDACi-induced autophagy offers the possibility to counteract the frequently present apoptosis-resistance as well as stress conditions of cancer cells. Opposed to the function of apoptosis and necrosis however, autophagy activated in cancer cells can engage in a tumor-suppressive or tumor-promoting manner depending on mostly unclarified factors. As a physiological adaption to apoptosis resistance in early phases of tumorigenesis, autophagy seems to resume a tumorsuppressive role that confines tumor necrosis and inflammation or even induces cell death in malignant cells. During later stages of tumor development, chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy seems to be reprogrammed by the cancer cell to prevent its elimination and support tumor progression. Consistently, HDACi-mediated activation of autophagy seems to exert a protective function that prevents the induction of apoptotic or necrotic cell death in cancer cells. Thus, resistance to HDACi-induced cell death is often encountered in various types of cancer as well. The current review highlights the different mechanisms of HDACi-elicited autophagy and corresponding possible molecular determinants of therapeutic resistance in cancer.
Collapse
|
36
|
Dent P, Booth L, Poklepovic A, Hancock JF. Signaling alterations caused by drugs and autophagy. Cell Signal 2019; 64:109416. [PMID: 31520735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved process that recycles cellular materials in times of nutrient restriction to maintain viability. In cancer therapeutics, the role of autophagy in response to multi-kinase inhibitors, alone or when combined with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors acts, generally, to facilitate the killing of tumor cells. Furthermore, the formation of autophagosomes and subsequent degradation of their contents can reduce the expression of HDAC proteins themselves as well as of other signaling regulatory molecules such as protein chaperones and mutated RAS proteins. Reduced levels of HDAC6 causes the acetylation and inactivation of heat shock protein 90, and, together with reduced expression of the chaperones HSP70 and GRP78, generates a strong endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Prolonged intense ER stress signaling causes tumor cell death. Reduced expression of HDACs 1, 2 and 3 causes the levels of programed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to decline and the expression of Class I MHCA to increase which correlates with elevated immunogenicity of the tumor cells in vivo. This review will specifically focus on the downstream implications that result from autophagic-degradation of HDACs, RAS and protein chaperones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Laurence Booth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Andrew Poklepovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - John F Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|