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Wood TW, Henriques WS, Cullen HB, Romero M, Blengini CS, Sarathy S, Sorkin J, Bekele H, Jin C, Kim S, Chemiakine A, Khondker RC, Isola JV, Stout MB, Gennarino VA, Mogessie B, Jain D, Schindler K, Suh Y, Wiedenheft B, Berchowitz LE. The retrotransposon-derived capsid genes PNMA1 and PNMA4 maintain reproductive capacity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4559920. [PMID: 39041030 PMCID: PMC11261967 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4559920/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The human genome contains 24 gag-like capsid genes derived from deactivated retrotransposons conserved among eutherians. Although some of their encoded proteins retain the ability to form capsids and even transfer cargo, their fitness benefit has remained elusive. Here we show that the gag-like genes PNMA1 and PNMA4 support reproductive capacity during aging. Analysis of donated human ovaries shows that expression of both genes declines normally with age, while several PNMA1 and PNMA4 variants identified in genome-wide association studies are causally associated with low testosterone, altered puberty onset, or obesity. Six-week-old mice lacking either Pnma1 or Pnma4 are indistinguishable from wild-type littermates, but by six months the mutant mice become prematurely subfertile, with precipitous drops in sex hormone levels, gonadal atrophy, and abdominal obesity; overall they produce markedly fewer offspring than controls. These findings expand our understanding of factors that maintain human reproductive health and lend insight into the domestication of retrotransposon-derived genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W.P. Wood
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - William S. Henriques
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Harrison B. Cullen
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mayra Romero
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Cecilia S. Blengini
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shreya Sarathy
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Julia Sorkin
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hilina Bekele
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexei Chemiakine
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rishad C. Khondker
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - José V.V. Isola
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael B. Stout
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vincenzo A. Gennarino
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Binyam Mogessie
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Devanshi Jain
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Karen Schindler
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Blake Wiedenheft
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Luke E. Berchowitz
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA
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Wood TWP, Henriques WS, Cullen HB, Romero M, Blengini CS, Sarathy S, Sorkin J, Bekele H, Jin C, Kim S, Chemiakine A, Khondker RC, Isola JVV, Stout MB, Gennarino VA, Mogessie B, Jain D, Schindler K, Suh Y, Wiedenheft B, Berchowitz LE. The retrotransposon - derived capsid genes PNMA1 and PNMA4 maintain reproductive capacity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.11.592987. [PMID: 38798495 PMCID: PMC11118267 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.11.592987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The human genome contains 24 gag -like capsid genes derived from deactivated retrotransposons conserved among eutherians. Although some of their encoded proteins retain the ability to form capsids and even transfer cargo, their fitness benefit has remained elusive. Here we show that the gag -like genes PNMA1 and PNMA4 support reproductive capacity. Six-week-old mice lacking either Pnma1 or Pnma4 are indistinguishable from wild-type littermates, but by six months the mutant mice become prematurely subfertile, with precipitous drops in sex hormone levels, gonadal atrophy, and abdominal obesity; overall they produce markedly fewer offspring than controls. Analysis of donated human ovaries shows that expression of both genes declines normally with aging, while several PNMA1 and PNMA4 variants identified in genome-wide association studies are causally associated with low testosterone, altered puberty onset, or obesity. These findings expand our understanding of factors that maintain human reproductive health and lend insight into the domestication of retrotransposon-derived genes.
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Barsky ST, Monks DA. Lifespan Effects of Muscle-Specific Androgen Receptor Overexpression on Body Composition of Male and Female Rats. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae012. [PMID: 38301268 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Androgenic actions of gonadal testosterone are thought to be a major mechanism promoting sex differences in body composition across the lifespan. However, this inference is based on studies of androgen receptor (AR) function in late adolescent or emerging adult rodents. Here we assess body composition and AR expression in skeletal muscle of rats at defined ages, comparing wild-type (WT) to transgenic human skeletal actin-driven AR overexpression (HSAAR) rats which overexpress AR in skeletal muscle. Male and female HSAAR and WT Sprague Dawley rats (N = 288) underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning and tissue collection at postnatal day (PND) 1, 10, 21, 42, 70, 183, 243, and 365. Expected sex differences in body composition and muscle mass largely onset with puberty (PND-21), with no associated changes to skeletal muscle AR protein. In adulthood, HSAAR increased tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus mass in males, and reduced the expected gain in gonadal fat mass in both sexes. In WT rats, AR protein was reduced in soleus, but not TA, throughout life. Nonetheless, soleus AR protein expression was greater in male rats than female rats at all ages of sexual development, yet only at PND-70 in TA. Overall, despite muscle AR overexpression effects, results are inconsistent with major sex differences in body composition during sexual development being driven by changes in muscle AR, rather suggesting that changes in ligand promote sexual differentiation of body composition during pubertal timing. Nonetheless, increased skeletal muscle AR in adulthood can be sufficient to increase muscle mass in males, and reduce adipose in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Tzivia Barsky
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Douglas Ashley Monks
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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Sun F, Piao M, Zhang X, Zhang S, Wei Z, Liu L, Bu Y, Xu S, Zhao X, Meng X, Yue M. Multi-Omics Analysis of Transcriptomic and Metabolomics Profiles Reveal the Molecular Regulatory Network of Marbling in Early Castrated Holstein Steers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233398. [PMID: 36496924 PMCID: PMC9736081 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intramuscular fat (IMF), or so-called marbling, is known as potential determinant of the high quality beef in China, Korea, and Japan. Of the methods that affect IMF content in cattle, castration is markedly regarded as an effective and economical way to improve the deposition of IMF but with little attention to its multi-omics in early-castrated cattle. The aim of this study was to investigate the liver transcriptome and metabolome of early-castrated Holstein cattle and conduct a comprehensive analysis of two omics associated with the IMF deposition using transcriptomics and untargeted metabolomics under different treatments: non−castrated and slaughtered at 16 months of age (GL16), castrated at birth and slaughtered at 16 months of age (YL16), and castrated at birth and slaughtered at 26 months of age (YL26). The untargeted metabolome was analyzed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The transcriptome of the hepatic genes was analyzed to identify marbling-related genes. Using untargeted metabolomics, the main altered metabolic pathways in the liver of cattle, including those for lipid and amino acid metabolism, were detected in the YL16 group relative to the GL16 and YL26 groups. Significant increases in the presence of betaine, alanine, and glycerol 3-phosphate were observed in the YL16 group (p < 0.05), which might have contributed to the improved beef-marbling production. Compared to the GL16 and YL26 groups, significant increases in the presence of glutathione, acetylcarnitine, and riboflavin but decreases in diethanolamine and 2-hydroxyglutarate were identified in YL16 group (p < 0.05), which might have been beneficial to the beef’s enhanced functional quality. The gene expressions of GLI1 and NUF2 were downregulated and that of CYP3A4 was upregulated in the YL16 group; these results were strongly correlated with the alanine, betaine, and leucine, respectively, in the liver of the cattle. In conclusion, implementation of early castration modified the hepatic metabolites and the related biological pathways by regulating the relevant gene expressions, which could represent a better rearing method for production of high marbled and healthier beef products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-187-4573-8564; Fax: +86-(0)451-8750-2330
| | - Minyu Piao
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ziheng Wei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ye Bu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiangren Meng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Mengmeng Yue
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
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Tiedemann K, Muthu ML, Reinhardt DP, Komarova SV. Male Marfan mice are predisposed to high fat diet induced obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C354-C366. [PMID: 35759435 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00062.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene mutations in the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin-1 cause connective tissue disorders including Marfan syndrome (MFS) with clinical symptoms in the cardiovascular, skeletal, and ocular systems. MFS patients also exhibit alterations in adipose tissues, which in some individuals leads to lipodystrophy, whereas in others to obesity. We have recently demonstrated that fibrillin-1 regulates adipose tissue homeostasis. Here, we examined how fibrillin-1 abnormality affects metabolic adaptation to different diets. We used two MFS mouse models: Hypomorph Fbn1mgR/mgR mice and Fbn1C1041G/+ mice with a fibrillin-1 missense mutation. When Fbn1mgR/mgR mice were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, male mice were heavier than littermate controls (LC), whereas female mice gained less weight compared to LC. Female Fbn1C1041G/+ mice on a HFD for 24 weeks were similarly protected from weight gain. Male Fbn1C1041G/+ mice on HFD demonstrated higher insulin levels, insulin intolerance, circulating levels of cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins. Moreover, male HFD-fed Fbn1C1041G/+ mice showed a higher liver weight and a fatty liver phenotype, which was reduced to LC levels after orchiectomy. Phosphorylation of protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) as well as the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (Srebp1) in livers of HFD-fed male Fbn1C1041G/+ mice were elevated. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that male mice of both MFS models are susceptible to HFD-induced obesity and diabetes. Moreover, male Fbn1C1041G/+ mice develop a fatty liver phenotype, likely mediated by a baseline increased endoplasmic reticulum stress. In contrast, female MFS mice were protected from the consequence of HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Tiedemann
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montréal, Canada
| | - Muthu L Muthu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Svetlana V Komarova
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montréal, Canada
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Takamata A, Nishimura Y, Oka A, Nagata M, Kosugi N, Eguchi S, Negishi H, Morimoto K. Endogenous Androgens Diminish Food Intake and Activation of Orexin A Neurons in Response to Reduced Glucose Availability in Male Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061235. [PMID: 35334892 PMCID: PMC8950295 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex steroids modify feeding behavior and body weight regulation, and androgen reportedly augments food intake and body weight gain. To elucidate the role of endogenous androgens in the feeding regulation induced by reduced glucose availability, we examined the effect of gonadectomy (orchiectomy) on food intake and orexin A neuron’s activity in the lateral hypothalamic/perifornical area (LH/PFA) in response to reduced glucose availability (glucoprivation) induced by 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) administration in male rats. Rats (7W) were bilaterally orchiectomized (ORX group) or sham operated (Sham group). Seventeen days after the surgery, food intake response to 2DG (400 mg/kg, i.v.) was measured for 4 h after the infusion. The same experiment was performed for the immunohistochemical examination of c-Fos-expressing orexin A neurons in the LH/PFA and c-Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus (Arc). Food intake induced by glucoprivation was greater in the ORX group than the Sham group, and the glucoprivation-induced food intake was inversely correlated with plasma testosterone concentration. Glucoprivation stimulated c-Fos expression of the orexin A neurons at the LH/PFA and c-Fos expression in the dorsomedial Arc. The number and percentage of c-Fos-expressing orexin A neurons in the LH/PFA and c-Fos expression in the dorsomedial Arc were significantly higher in the ORX group than the Sham group. This indicates that endogenous androgen, possibly testosterone, diminishes the food intake induced by reduced glucose availability, possibly via the attenuated activity of orexin A neuron in the LH/PFA and neurons in the dorsomedial Arc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takamata
- Department of Environmental Health, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.O.); (M.N.); (N.K.); (S.E.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-742-20-3469
| | - Yuri Nishimura
- Department of Environmental Health, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.O.); (M.N.); (N.K.); (S.E.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Ayano Oka
- Department of Environmental Health, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.O.); (M.N.); (N.K.); (S.E.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Mayuna Nagata
- Department of Environmental Health, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.O.); (M.N.); (N.K.); (S.E.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Natsumi Kosugi
- Department of Environmental Health, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.O.); (M.N.); (N.K.); (S.E.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Sayaka Eguchi
- Department of Environmental Health, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.O.); (M.N.); (N.K.); (S.E.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Hiroko Negishi
- Department of Environmental Health, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.O.); (M.N.); (N.K.); (S.E.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Kacho University, 3-456 Rinka-cho, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto 605-0062, Japan
| | - Keiko Morimoto
- Department of Environmental Health, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.O.); (M.N.); (N.K.); (S.E.); (H.N.); (K.M.)
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kyoto Koka Women’s University, 38 Kadono-cho, Nishikyogoku, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto 615-0882, Japan
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Nishikawa M, Ohara N, Naito Y, Saito Y, Amma C, Tatematsu K, Baoyindugurong J, Miyazawa D, Hashimoto Y, Okuyama H. Rapeseed (canola) oil aggravates metabolic syndrome-like conditions in male but not in female stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:256-268. [PMID: 35242585 PMCID: PMC8866840 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Canola oil shortens life of male SHRSP. Testis is the target of canola oil toxicity. Inhibition of negative regulation by testosterone of aldosterone production may be a trigger of canola oil toxicity. Facilitation of hypertension by aldosterone may lead to life-shortening. Increased plasma lipids by canola oil have no relevance to life-shortening.
This study was conducted to investigate whether or not there are sex differences in canola oil (CAN)-induced adverse events in the rat and to understand the involvement and the role of testosterone in those events, including life-shortening. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) of both sexes were fed a diet containing 10 wt/wt% soybean oil (SOY, control) or CAN as the sole dietary fat. The survival of the males fed the CAN diet was significantly shorter than that of those fed the SOY diet. In contrast, the survival of the females was not affected by CAN. The males fed the CAN diet showed elevated blood pressure, thrombopenia and insulin-tolerance, which are major symptoms of metabolic syndrome, whereas such changes by the CAN diet were not found in the females. Plasma testosterone was significantly lower in animals of both sexes fed the CAN diet than in those fed the SOY diet, but interestingly, the lowered testosterone was accompanied by a marked increase in plasma aldosterone only in the males. These results demonstrate significant sex differences in CAN-toxicity and suggest that those sex differences may be attributable to the increased aldosterone level, which triggers aggravation of the genetic diseases specific to SHRSP, that is, metabolic syndrome-like conditions, but only in the males. The present results also suggest that testosterone may negatively regulate aldosterone production in the physiology of the males, and the inhibition of that negative regulation caused by the CAN diet is one of the possible causes of the adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nishikawa
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohara
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yukiko Naito
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Saito
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa 257-8523, Japan
| | - Chihiro Amma
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Tatematsu
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitabora, Gifu, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
| | - Jinhua Baoyindugurong
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, College of Food Science and Engineering, Zhaowuda Rd. 306, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, PR China
| | - Daisuke Miyazawa
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Yoko Hashimoto
- School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Harumi Okuyama
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
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Yin L, Luo M, Wang R, Ye J, Wang X. Mitochondria in Sex Hormone-Induced Disorder of Energy Metabolism in Males and Females. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:749451. [PMID: 34987473 PMCID: PMC8721233 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.749451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens have a complex role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In male subjects, a reduction in androgens increases the risk for insulin resistance, which is improved by androgen injections. However, in female subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), androgen excess becomes a risk factor for insulin resistance. The exact mechanism underlying the complex activities of androgens remains unknown. In this review, a hormone synergy-based view is proposed for understanding this complexity. Mitochondrial overactivation by substrate influx is a mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity. This concept may apply to the androgen-induced insulin resistance in PCOS. Androgens and estrogens both exhibit activities in the induction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The two hormones may synergize in mitochondria to induce overproduction of ATP. ATP surplus in the pancreatic β-cells and α-cells causes excess secretion of insulin and glucagon, respectively, leading to peripheral insulin resistance in the early phase of type 2 diabetes. In the skeletal muscle and liver, the ATP surplus contributes to insulin resistance through suppression of AMPK and activation of mTOR. Consistent ATP surplus leads to mitochondrial dysfunction as a consequence of mitophagy inhibition, which provides a potential mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction in β-cells and brown adipocytes in PCOS. The hormone synergy-based view provides a basis for the overactivation and dysfunction of mitochondria in PCOS-associated type 2 diabetes. The molecular mechanism for the synergy is discussed in this review with a focus on transcriptional regulation. This view suggests a unifying mechanism for the distinct metabolic roles of androgens in the control of insulin action in men with hypogonadism and women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Luo
- Metabolism Research Center, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Metabolism Research Center, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Center for Advanced Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Ye, ; Xiaohui Wang,
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Ye, ; Xiaohui Wang,
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