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van Wijk KJ. Intra-chloroplast proteases: A holistic network view of chloroplast proteolysis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3116-3130. [PMID: 38884601 PMCID: PMC11371162 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Different proteases and peptidases are present within chloroplasts and nonphotosynthetic plastids to process precursor proteins and to degrade cleaved chloroplast transit peptides and damaged, misfolded, or otherwise unwanted proteins. Collectively, these proteases and peptidases form a proteolysis network, with complementary activities and hierarchies, and build-in redundancies. Furthermore, this network is distributed across the different intra-chloroplast compartments (lumen, thylakoid, stroma, envelope). The challenge is to determine the contributions of each peptidase (system) to this network in chloroplasts and nonphotosynthetic plastids. This will require an understanding of substrate recognition mechanisms, degrons, substrate, and product size limitations, as well as the capacity and degradation kinetics of each protease. Multiple extra-plastidial degradation pathways complement these intra-chloroplast proteases. This review summarizes our current understanding of these intra-chloroplast proteases in Arabidopsis and crop plants with an emphasis on considerations for building a qualitative and quantitative network view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas J van Wijk
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences (SIPS), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Singh G, Kaur N, Khanna R, Kaur R, Gudi S, Kaur R, Sidhu N, Vikal Y, Mangat GS. 2Gs and plant architecture: breaking grain yield ceiling through breeding approaches for next wave of revolution in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:139-162. [PMID: 36176065 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2112648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rice is a principal food crop for more than half of the global population. Grain number and grain weight (2Gs) are the two complex traits controlled by several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and are considered the most critical components for yield enhancement in rice. Novel molecular biology and QTL mapping strategies can be utilized in dissecting the complex genetic architecture of these traits. Discovering the valuable genes/QTLs associated with 2Gs traits hidden in the rice genome and utilizing them in breeding programs may bring a revolution in rice production. Furthermore, the positional cloning and functional characterization of identified genes and QTLs may aid in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the 2Gs traits. In addition, knowledge of modern genomic tools aids the understanding of the nature of plant and panicle architecture, which enhances their photosynthetic activity. Rice researchers continue to combine important yield component traits (including 2Gs for the yield ceiling) by utilizing modern breeding tools, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS), haplotype-based breeding, and allele mining. Physical co-localization of GW7 (for grain weight) and DEP2 (for grain number) genes present on chromosome 7 revealed the possibility of simultaneous introgression of these two genes, if desirable allelic variants were found in the single donor parent. This review article will reveal the genetic nature of 2Gs traits and use this knowledge to break the yield ceiling by using different breeding and biotechnological tools, which will sustain the world's food requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Renu Khanna
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Santosh Gudi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rajvir Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Navjot Sidhu
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Yogesh Vikal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - G S Mangat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Chen G, Shu Y, Jian Z, Duan L, Mo Z, Liu R. The NtDEGP5 gene improves drought tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) by dampening plastid extracellular Ca 2+ and flagellin signaling and thereby reducing ROS production. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:265-278. [PMID: 37985581 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco is an essential cash crop, but drought has become a major factor in the decline of global tobacco production as a result of changes in the global climate. The HtrA protease is an oligomeric serine endopeptidase that responds to stress in plants. DEGP5 is a member of the gene family that encodes HtrA protease, which promotes plant adaptation to adversity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism employed by the DEGP5 gene in response to drought stress in tobacco. NtDEGP5-overexpression lines were obtained by genetic transformation and the phenotypes and transcriptomes of NtDEGP5-overexpression lines and wild-type (K326) tobacco seedlings were compared under drought stress. The results demonstrated that plants overexpressing NtDEGP5 exhibited greater drought tolerance. The differentially expressed genes involved in the regulation of drought tolerance by DEGP5 were enriched in metabolic pathways, such as plant-pathogen interaction and glutathione metabolism, with the plant-pathogen interaction pathway having the most differentially expressed genes. An analysis of the plant-pathogen interaction pathway revealed that these genes contributed to the suppression of plastid extracellular Ca2+ signaling and flagellin signaling to inhibit reactive oxygen species production, and that lower levels of reactive oxygen species act as a signal to regulate the activation of the antioxidant system, further balancing the production and removal of reactive oxygen species in tobacco seedlings under drought stress. These findings suggest that the NtDEGP5 gene can enhance the drought tolerance of tobacco by regulating the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species by inhibiting extracellular plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yanqi Shu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research, College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zilin Jian
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lili Duan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zejun Mo
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Renxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research, College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
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Yao G, Zhang H, Leng B, Cao B, Shan J, Yan Z, Guan H, Cheng W, Liu X, Mu C. A large deletion conferring pale green leaves of maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:360. [PMID: 37452313 PMCID: PMC10347855 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structural basis of chloroplast and the regulation of chloroplast biogenesis remain largely unknown in maize. Gene mutations in these pathways have been linked to the abnormal leaf color phenotype observed in some mutants. Large scale structure variants (SVs) are crucial for genome evolution, but few validated SVs have been reported in maize and little is known about their functions though they are abundant in maize genomes. RESULTS In this research, a spontaneous maize mutant, pale green leaf-shandong (pgl-sd), was studied. Genetic analysis showed that the phenotype of pale green leaf was controlled by a recessive Mendel factor mapped to a 156.8-kb interval on the chromosome 1 delineated by molecular markers gy546 and gy548. There were 7 annotated genes in this interval. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis, SV prediction, and de novo assembly of pgl-sd genome revealed that a 137.8-kb deletion, which was verified by Sanger sequencing, might cause the pgl-sd phenotype. This deletion contained 5 annotated genes, three of which, including Zm00001eb031870, Zm00001eb031890 and Zm00001eb031900, were possibly related to the chloroplast development. Zm00001eb031870, encoding a Degradation of Periplasmic Proteins (Deg) homolog, and Zm00001eb031900, putatively encoding a plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 component subunit beta (ptPDC-E1-β), might be the major causative genes for the pgl-sd mutant phenotype. Plastid Degs play roles in protecting the vital photosynthetic machinery and ptPDCs provide acetyl-CoA and NADH for fatty acid biosynthesis in plastids, which were different from functions of other isolated maize leaf color associated genes. The other two genes in the deletion were possibly associated with DNA repair and disease resistance, respectively. The pgl-sd mutation decreased contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids by 37.2%, 22.1%, and 59.8%, respectively, and led to abnormal chloroplast. RNA-seq revealed that the transcription of several other genes involved in the structure and function of chloroplast was affected in the mutant. CONCLUSIONS It was identified that a 137.8-kb deletion causes the pgl-sd phenotype. Three genes in this deletion were possibly related to the chloroplast development, which may play roles different from that of other isolated maize leaf color associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Yao
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bingying Leng
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Juan Shan
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhenwei Yan
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Haiying Guan
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China.
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Chunhua Mu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, China.
- National Maize Improvement Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Usman B, Derakhshani B, Jung KH. Recent Molecular Aspects and Integrated Omics Strategies for Understanding the Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2019. [PMID: 37653936 PMCID: PMC10221523 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice is an important staple food crop for over half of the world's population. However, abiotic stresses seriously threaten rice yield improvement and sustainable production. Breeding and planting rice varieties with high environmental stress tolerance are the most cost-effective, safe, healthy, and environmentally friendly strategies. In-depth research on the molecular mechanism of rice plants in response to different stresses can provide an important theoretical basis for breeding rice varieties with higher stress resistance. This review presents the molecular mechanisms and the effects of various abiotic stresses on rice growth and development and explains the signal perception mode and transduction pathways. Meanwhile, the regulatory mechanisms of critical transcription factors in regulating gene expression and important downstream factors in coordinating stress tolerance are outlined. Finally, the utilization of omics approaches to retrieve hub genes and an outlook on future research are prospected, focusing on the regulatory mechanisms of multi-signaling network modules and sustainable rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Usman
- Graduate School of Green Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (B.U.)
| | - Behnam Derakhshani
- Graduate School of Green Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (B.U.)
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (B.U.)
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Yang Y, Yu J, Qian Q, Shang L. Enhancement of Heat and Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice by Genetic Manipulation: A Systematic Review. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:67. [PMID: 36562861 PMCID: PMC9789292 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
As a result of global warming, plants are subjected to ever-increasing abiotic stresses including heat and drought. Drought stress frequently co-occurs with heat stress as a result of water evaporation. These stressors have adverse effects on crop production, which in turn affects human food security. Rice is a major food resource grown widely in crop-producing regions throughout the world. However, increasingly common heat and drought stresses in growth regions can have negative impacts on seedling morphogenesis, reproductive organ establishment, overall yield, and quality. This review centers on responses to heat and drought stress in rice. Current knowledge of molecular regulation mechanisms is summarized. We focus on approaches to cope with heat and drought stress, both at the genetic level and from an agricultural practice perspective. This review establishes a basis for improving rice stress tolerance, grain quality, and yield for human benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 China
| | - Jianping Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Qian Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 China
- China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401 China
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 China
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7
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Shen Y, Chen M, Hong J, Xiong W, Xiong H, Wu X, Hu L, Xiao Y. Identification and characterization of tsyl1, a thermosensitive chlorophyll-deficient mutant in rice (Oryza sativa). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 277:153782. [PMID: 35963041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis are affected by temperature. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains elusive. Here, we isolated and characterized a thermosensitive yellow-green leaf mutant named tsyl1 (thermosensitive yellow leaf 1) from an ethylmethylsulfone (EMS)-mutagenized pool of rice. The mutant exhibits a yellow-green leaf phenotype and decreased leaf chlorophyll contents throughout development. At the mature stage of the tsyl1 mutant, the plant height, tiller number, number of spikelets per panicle and 1000 seed weight were decreased significantly compared to those of wild-type plants, but the seed setting rate and panicle length were not. The mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene on the short arm of rice chromosome 11. Map-based cloning of TSYL1, followed by a complementation experiment, showed a G base deletion at the coding region of LOC_Os11g05552, leading to the yellow-green phenotype. The TSYL1 gene encodes a signal recognition particle 54 kDa (SRP54) protein that is conserved in all organisms. The expression of tsyl1 was induced by high temperature. Furthermore, the expression of chlorophyll biosynthesis- and chloroplast development-related genes was influenced in tsyl1 at different temperatures. These results indicated that the TSYL1 gene plays a key role in chlorophyll biosynthesis and is affected by temperature at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Shen
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China; Nanchang Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China; National Engineering Research Center of Rice, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China.
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China.
| | - Jun Hong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Wentao Xiong
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China.
| | - Huanjin Xiong
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China.
| | - Lanxiang Hu
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China.
| | - Yeqing Xiao
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China.
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Li JY, Yang C, Tian YY, Liu JX. Regulation of Chloroplast Development and Function at Adverse Temperatures in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:580-591. [PMID: 35141744 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast is essential for photosynthesis, plant growth and development. As semiautonomous organelles, the biogenesis and development of chloroplasts need to be well-regulated during plant growth and stress responses. Low or high ambient temperatures are adverse environmental stresses that affect crop growth and productivity. As sessile organisms, plants regulate the development and function of chloroplasts in a fluctuating temperature environment to maintain normal photosynthesis. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and regulatory factors required for chloroplast biogenesis and development under cold or heat stress conditions and highlights the importance of chloroplast gene transcription, RNA metabolism, ribosome function and protein homeostasis essential for chloroplast development under adverse temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Chuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Ying-Ying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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Lu Y, Xu Y, Li N. Early Domestication History of Asian Rice Revealed by Mutations and Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Genealogies. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:11. [PMID: 35166949 PMCID: PMC8847465 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been a model plant but its cultivation history is inadequately understood, and its origin still under debate. Several enigmas remain, including how this annual crop shifted its growth habit from its perennial ancestor, O. rufipogon, why genetic divergence between indica and japonica appears older than the history of human domestication, and why some domestication genes do not show signals of introgression between subgroups. Addressing these issues may benefit both basic research and rice breeding. RESULTS Gene genealogy-based mutation (GGM) analysis shows that history of Asian rice is divided into two phases (Phase I and II) of about equal lengths. Mutations occurred earlier than the partition of indica and japonica to Os genome mark Phase-I period. We diagnosed 91 such mutations among 101 genes sampled across 12 chromosomes of Asian rice and its wild relatives. Positive selection, detected more at 5' regions than at coding regions of some of the genes, involved 22 loci (e.g., An-1, SH4, Rc, Hd3a, GL3.2, OsMYB3, OsDFR, and OsMYB15), which affected traits from easy harvesting, grain color, flowering time, productivity, to likely taste and tolerance. Phase-I mutations of OsMYB3, OsHd3a and OsDFR were experimentally tested and all caused enhanced functions of the genes in vivo. Phase-II period features separate cultivations, lineage-specific selection, and expanded domestication to more genes. Further genomic analysis, along with phenotypic comparisons, indicates that O. sativa is hybrid progeny of O. rufipogon and O. nivara, inherited slightly more genes of O. rufipogon. Congruently, modern alleles of the sampled genes are approximately 6% ancient, 38% uni-specific, 40% bi-specific (mixed), and 15% new after accumulating significant mutations. Results of sequencing surveys across modern cultivars/landraces indicate locus-specific usages of various alleles while confirming the associated mutations. CONCLUSIONS Asian rice was initially domesticated as one crop and later separate selection mediated by human resulted in its major subgroups. This history and the hybrid origin well explain previous puzzles. Positive selection, particularly in 5' regions, was the major force underlying trait domestication. Locus-specific domestication can be characterized and the result may facilitate breeders in developing better rice varieties in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yunzhang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Present Address: College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016 China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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10
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Fang G, Yang S, Ruan B, Liu C, Zhang A, Jiang H, Ding S, Tian B, Zhang Y, Jahan N, Zhu L, Zhang G, Dong G, Zhang Q, Zeng D, Guo L, Gao Z, Qian Q. Isolation of TSCD11 Gene for Early Chloroplast Development under High Temperature in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:49. [PMID: 32681435 PMCID: PMC7367945 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloroplasts are essential for photosynthesis and play key roles in plant development. High temperature affects structure of chloroplasts and metabolism in plants. The seryl-tRNA synthetase plays an important role in translation of proteins. Although seryl-tRNA synthetase has been widely studied in microbes and animals, few studies have reported about its role in chloroplast development under high temperature in rice. RESULTS In this study, we isolated a novel temperature-sensitive chlorophyll-deficient 11 (tscd11) mutant by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of japonica variety Wuyujing7. The tscd11 mutant developed albino leaves at the 3-leaf stage under high temperature (35 °C), but had normal green leaves under low temperature (25 °C). Consistent with the albino phenotype, impaired chloroplasts, decreased chlorophyll content and increased ROS accumulation were found in the tscd11 mutant at 35 °C. Fine mapping and DNA sequencing of tscd11 revealed a missense mutation (G to A) in the eighth exon of LOC_Os11g39670 resulted in amino acid change (Glu374 to Lys374). The TSCD11 gene encodes a seryl-tRNA synthetase localized to chloroplast. Complementation test confirmed that the point mutation in TSCD11 is responsible for the phenotype of tscd11. TSCD11 is highly expressed in leaves. Compared with the wild type (WT), mutation in TSCD11 led to significant alteration in expression levels of genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development under high temperature. CONCLUSIONS TSCD11, encoding a seryl-tRNA synthetase localized to chloroplast, is vital to early chloroplast development at high temperature in rice, which help to further study on the molecular mechanism of chloroplast development under high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guonan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shenglong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Banpu Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Chaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Anpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hongzhen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shilin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Biao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Noushin Jahan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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11
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The identification of key candidate genes mediating yellow seedling lethality in a Lilium regale mutant. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2487-2499. [PMID: 32124168 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for exploring plant photosynthesis mechanisms, chlorophyll biosynthetic pathways and chloroplast development. The yellow seedling lethal mutant lrysl1 was discovered from self-bred progenies of Lilium regale; however, the mechanism of leaf color mutation remains unclear. In this study, the ultrastructural and physiological features and de novo RNA-Seq data of a L. regale leaf color mutant and wild-type L. regale were investigated. Genetic analysis indicated that the characteristics of the lrysl1 mutant were controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents in the mutant leaves were lower than those in the wild-type leaves. Furthermore, the contents of the chlorophyll precursors aminolevulinic acid (ALA), porphobilinogen (PBG), protoporphyrin IX (ProtoIX), Mg-protoporphyrin IX (Mg-ProtoIX), and protochlorophyll (Pchl) decreased significantly in mutant leaves. Transcriptome data from the mutant and wild type showed that a total of 892 differentially expressed genes were obtained, of which 668 and 224 were upregulated genes and downregulated genes in the mutant, respectively. Almost all genes in the photosynthesis pathway and chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway were downregulated in the mutant, which corroborated the differences in the physiological features mentioned above. Further research indicated that the chloroplasts of the mutant leaves exhibited an abnormal morphology and distribution and that the expression of a gene related to chloroplast development was downregulated. It was concluded that abnormal chloroplast development was the main cause of leaf color mutation in the mutant lrysl1 and that LrGLK was a gene related to chloroplast development in L. regale. This research provides a foundation for further research on the mechanism by which LrGLK regulates chloroplast development in L. regale.
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Lin D, Zhang L, Mei J, Chen J, Piao Z, Lee G, Dong Y. Mutation of the rice TCM12 gene encoding 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase affects chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development at seedling stage at low temperatures. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:585-594. [PMID: 30803106 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis is a central metabolic pathway that provides energy and products of primary metabolites. 2,3-Biphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (iPGAM) is a key enzyme that catalyses the reversible interconversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PGA) in glycolysis. Low temperature is a common abiotic stress in rice production. However, the mechanism for rice iPGAM genes is not fully understood at low temperature. In this study, the rice mutant tcm12, with chlorosis, malformed chloroplasts and impaired photosynthesis, was grown at a low temperature (<20 °C) to the three-leaf stage, while the normal phenotype at 32 °C was used. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine features of the tcm12 mutant. The inheritance behaviour and function of TCM12 were then analysed thorough map-based cloning, transgenic complementation and subcellular localisation. The thermo-sensitive chlorosis phenotype was caused by a single nucleotide mutation (T→C) on the fifth exon of TCM12 (LOC_Os12g35040) encoding iPGAM, localised to both nucleus and membranes. In addition, TCM12 was constitutively expressed, and its disruption resulted in down-regulation of some genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis at low temperatures (20 °C). This is the first report of the involvement of rice iPGAM gene in chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying early growth of rice at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Mei
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Piao
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fengxian District, Shanghai 3, China
| | - G Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeon Ju, Korea
| | - Y Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Yu N, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zeng B, Chen Y, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Rani MH, Cheng S, Cao L. CS3, a Ycf54 domain-containing protein, affects chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:11-22. [PMID: 31128680 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll plays a vital role in harvesting light and turning it into chemical energy. In this study, we isolated and characterized a chlorophyll-deficient mutant, which we named cs3 (chlorotic seedling 3). The cs3 mutant seedlings exhibit a yellowish phenotype at germination, and they do not survive at the seedling stage. In addition, brown necrotic spots appear on the surface of the leaves and leaf sheaths during development. DAB staining and H2O2 content measurement showed that there was excessive H2O2 accumulation in the cs3 mutant leaf. Accompanying the chlorophyll deficiency, the chloroplasts in cs3 leaf cells were abnormal. Using a map-based cloning strategy, we mapped the CS3 gene, which encodes a Ycf54 domain-containing protein, to a locus on chromosome 3. CS3 is mainly expressed in green tissues and the S136 F would influence CS3 interacting with YGL8 and its chloroplast localization. qRT-PCR analysis revealed the changes in the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation, chloroplast development, senescence, and photosynthesis in the cs3 mutant. In addition, our study also supports the notion that the mutation in the CS3/Ycf54 gene arrests chlorophyll biosynthesis by negatively affecting the activity of magnesium protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase (MgPME-cyclase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
| | - Bo Zeng
- National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing, 100125, China.
| | - Yuyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
| | - Yongrun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
| | - Mohammad Hasanuzzaman Rani
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
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14
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Zhu L, Wang D, Sun J, Mu Y, Pu W, Ma B, Ren F, Yan W, Zhang Z, Li G, Li Y, Pan Y. Phenotypic and proteomic characteristics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) albino lethal mutant sbe6-a1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:400-410. [PMID: 30981156 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for chloroplast development and photosynthetic mechanism research. Here, we characterized an EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate)-mutagenized sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) mutant, sbe6-a1, in which the severe disruption in chloroplast structure and a chlorophyll deficiency promote an albino leaf phenotype and lead to premature death. The proteomic analyses of mutant and its progenitor wild-type (WT) were performed using a Q Exactive plus Orbitrap mass spectrometer and 4,233 proteins were accurately quantitated. The function analysis showed that most of up-regulated proteins in mutant sbe6-a1 had not been well characterized. GO-enrichment analysis of the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) showed that up-regulated DAPs were significantly enriched in catabolic process and located in mitochondria, while down regulated DAPs were located in chloroplasts and participated in photosynthesis and some other processes. KEGG pathway-enrichment analyses indicated that the degradation and metabolic pathways of fatty acids, as well as some amino acids and secondary metabolites, were significantly enhanced in the mutant sbe6-a1, while photosynthesis-related pathways, some secondary metabolites' biosynthesis and ribosomal pathways were significantly inhibited. Analysis also shows that some DAPs, such as FBAs, MDHs, PEPC, ATP synthase, CABs, CHLM, PRPs, pathogenesis-related protein, sHSP, ACP2 and AOX may be closely associated with the albino phenotype. Our analysis will promote the understanding of the molecular phenomena that result in plant albino phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Daoping Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jiusheng Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Research Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, PR China
| | - Yongying Mu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Weijun Pu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Bo Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Fuli Ren
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Guiying Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yubin Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Yinghong Pan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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15
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Nounjan N, Chansongkrow P, Charoensawan V, Siangliw JL, Toojinda T, Chadchawan S, Theerakulpisut P. High Performance of Photosynthesis and Osmotic Adjustment Are Associated With Salt Tolerance Ability in Rice Carrying Drought Tolerance QTL: Physiological and Co-expression Network Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1135. [PMID: 30127798 PMCID: PMC6088249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding specific biological processes involving in salt tolerance mechanisms is important for improving traits conferring tolerance to salinity, one of the most important abiotic stresses in plants. Under drought and salinity stresses, plants share overlapping responsive mechanisms such as physiological changes and activation of signaling molecules, which induce and transmit signals through regulator genes in a regulatory network. In this study, two near isogenic lines of rice carrying chromosome segments of drought tolerance QTL on chromosome 8 from IR68586-F2-CA-31 (DH103) in the genetic background of sensitive cultivar "Khao Dawk Mali 105; KDML105" (designated as CSSL8-94 and CSSL8-95) were used to investigate physiological responses to salt stress [namely growth, Na+/K+ ratio, water status, osmotic adjustment, photosynthetic parameters, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and sugar accumulations], compared with the standard salt tolerant (Pokkali; PK) and their recurrent parent (KDML105) rice cultivars. Physiological examination indicated that both CSSLs showed superior salt-tolerant level to KDML105. Our results suggested that salt tolerance ability of these CSSL lines may be resulted from high performance photosynthesis, better osmotic adjustment, and less oxidative stress damage under salt conditions. Moreover, to explore new candidate genes that might take part in salt tolerance mechanisms, we performed co-expression network analysis for genes identified in the CSSL rice, and found that Os08g419090, the gene involved with tetrapyrrole and porphyrin biosynthetic process (chlorophyll biosynthetic process), Os08g43230 and Os08g43440 (encoded TraB family protein and cytochrome P450, respectively) might have unprecedented roles in salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppawan Nounjan
- Salt-tolerant Rice Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pakkanan Chansongkrow
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varodom Charoensawan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Integrative Computational BioScience Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jonaliza L. Siangliw
- Rice Gene Discovery Unit, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- Rice Gene Discovery Unit, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Plant Biotechnology Research Unit, BIOTEC, NSTDA, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Supachitra Chadchawan
- Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyada Theerakulpisut
- Salt-tolerant Rice Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Piyada Theerakulpisut
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16
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Lv Y, Shao G, Qiu J, Jiao G, Sheng Z, Xie L, Wu Y, Tang S, Wei X, Hu P. White Leaf and Panicle 2, encoding a PEP-associated protein, is required for chloroplast biogenesis under heat stress in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5147-5160. [PMID: 29045742 PMCID: PMC5853965 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) plays an important role in the transcription machinery of mature chloroplasts, yet details of its function remain elusive in rice. Here, we identified a novel PEP-associated protein (PAP), WLP2, based on its two allelic white leaf and panicle mutants, wlp2s and wlp2w. The two mutants were albino lethal at high temperatures and showed decreased chlorophyll accumulation, abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure, and attenuated photosynthetic activity. Map-based cloning suggested that WLP2 encodes a putative pfkB-type carbohydrate kinase family protein, which is homologous to fructokinase-like 1 (AtFLN1) in Arabidopsis. WLP2 is mainly expressed in green tissues and its protein localizes in chloroplasts. Expression levels of PEP-encoded genes, chloroplast development genes and photosynthesis-related genes were compromised in wlp2 mutants, indicating that WLP2 is essential for normal chloroplast biogenesis. Moreover, WLP2 and its paralog OsFLN2 can physically interact with thioredoxin OsTRXz to form a TRX-FLN regulatory module, which not only regulates transcription of the PEP-encoded genes but also maintains the redox balance in chloroplasts under heat stress. Furthermore, the wlp2w mutant gene represents a potential advantage in enhancing seed purity and high-throughput breeding. Our results strongly indicate that WLP2 protects chloroplast development from heat stress via a TRX-FLN regulatory module in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yawen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Correspondence: ,
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Correspondence: ,
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17
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Wu L, Wu J, Liu Y, Gong X, Xu J, Lin D, Dong Y. The Rice Pentatricopeptide Repeat Gene TCD10 is Needed for Chloroplast Development under Cold Stress. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 9:67. [PMID: 27910002 PMCID: PMC5133210 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloroplast plays a vital role in plant development and growth. The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) gene family is one of the largest gene families in plants. In addition, cold stress affects a broad spectrum of cellular components, e.g. chloroplast, and metabolism in plants. However, the regulatory mechanism for rice PPR genes on chloroplast development still remains elusive under cold stress. RESULT In this paper, we characterized a new rice PPR gene mutant tcd10 (thermo-sensitive chlorophyll-deficient mutant 10) that exhibits the albino phenotype, malformed chloroplast and could not survive after the 5-leaf stage when grown at 20 °C, but does the normal phenotype at 32 °C. Map-based cloning, followed by RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing techniques, revealed that TCD10 encoding a novel PPR protein, mainly localized to the chloroplasts, with 27 PPR motifs, is responsible for the mutant phenotype. In addition, TCD10 is specific expression in tissues. The disruption of TCD10 resulted in an evidently reduced expression of chloroplast-associated genes under cold stress (20 °C), whereas they did recovered to normal levels at high temperature (32 °C). These results showed an important role of TCD10 for chloroplast development under cold stress. CONCLUSIONS The TCD10 encodes a novel rice PPR protein, mainly located in chloroplasts, which is important for chloroplast development, growth and the maintenance of photosynthetic electron transport and its disorder would lead to an aberrant chloroplast and abnormal expressions in these genes for chloroplast development and photosynthesis in rice under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wu
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiaodi Gong
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- The Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan Cun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dongzhi Lin
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Yanjun Dong
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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