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Khunsanit P, Jitsamai N, Thongsima N, Chadchawan S, Pongpanich M, Henry IM, Comai L, Suriya-Arunroj D, Budjun I, Buaboocha T. QTL-Seq identified a genomic region on chromosome 1 for soil-salinity tolerance in F 2 progeny of Thai salt-tolerant rice donor line "Jao Khao". FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1424689. [PMID: 39258300 PMCID: PMC11385611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1424689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Owing to advances in high-throughput genome sequencing, QTL-Seq mapping of salt tolerance traits is a major platform for identifying soil-salinity tolerance QTLs to accelerate marker-assisted selection for salt-tolerant rice varieties. We performed QTL-BSA-Seq in the seedling stage of rice from a genetic cross of the extreme salt-sensitive variety, IR29, and "Jao Khao" (JK), a Thai salt-tolerant variety. Methods A total of 462 F2 progeny grown in soil and treated with 160 mM NaCl were used as the QTL mapping population. Two high- and low-bulk sets, based on cell membrane stability (CMS) and tiller number at the recovery stage (TN), were equally sampled. The genomes of each pool were sequenced, and statistical significance of QTL was calculated using QTLseq and G prime (G') analysis, which is based on calculating the allele frequency differences or Δ(SNP index). Results Both methods detected the overlapping interval region, wherein CMS-bulk was mapped at two loci in the 38.41-38.85 Mb region with 336 SNPs on chromosome 1 (qCMS1) and the 26.13-26.80 Mb region with 1,011 SNPs on chromosome 3 (qCMS3); the Δ(SNP index) peaks were -0.2709 and 0.3127, respectively. TN-bulk was mapped at only one locus in the overlapping 38.26-38.95 Mb region on chromosome 1 with 575 SNPs (qTN1) and a Δ(SNP index) peak of -0.3544. These identified QTLs in two different genetic backgrounds of segregating populations derived from JK were validated. The results confirmed the colocalization of the qCMS1 and qTN1 traits on chromosome 1. Based on the CMS trait, qCMS1/qTN1 stably expressed 6%-18% of the phenotypic variance in the two validation populations, while qCMS1/qTN1 accounted for 16%-20% of the phenotypic variance in one validation population based on the TN trait. Conclusion The findings confirm that the CMS and TN traits are tightly linked to the long arm of chromosome 1 rather than to chromosome 3. The validated qCMS-TN1 QTL can be used for gene/QTL pyramiding in marker-assisted selection to expedite breeding for salt resistance in rice at the seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasit Khunsanit
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Navarit Jitsamai
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattana Thongsima
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supachitra Chadchawan
- Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monnat Pongpanich
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Isabelle M Henry
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Luca Comai
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Itsarapong Budjun
- Rice Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teerapong Buaboocha
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chan-in P, Jamjod S, Prom-u-thai C, Rerkasem B, Russell J, Pusadee T. Application of Silicon Influencing Grain Yield and Some Grain Quality Features in Thai Fragrant Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1336. [PMID: 38794407 PMCID: PMC11125221 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a beneficial nutrient that has been shown to increase rice productivity and grain quality. Fragrant rice occupies the high end of the rice market with prices at twice to more than three times those of non-fragrant rice. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of increasing Si on the yield and quality of fragrant rice. Also measured were the content of proline and the expression of the genes associated with 2AP synthesis and Si transport. The fragrant rice varieties were found to differ markedly in the effect of Si on their quality, as measured by the grain 2AP concentration, while there were only slight differences in their yield response to Si. The varieties with low 2AP when the Si supply is limited are represented by either PTT1 or BNM4 with only slight increases in 2AP when Si was increased. Si affects the gene expression levels of the genes associated with 2AP synthesis, and the accumulation of 2AP in fragrant rice mainly occurred through the upregulation of Badh2, DAO, OAT, ProDH, and P5CS genes. The findings suggest that Si is a potential micronutrient that can be utilized for improving 2AP and grain yield in further aromatic rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phukjira Chan-in
- Plant Genetic Resource and Nutrition Lab (CMUPNLab), Division of Agronomy, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.-i.); (S.J.); (C.P.-u.-t.)
| | - Sansanee Jamjod
- Plant Genetic Resource and Nutrition Lab (CMUPNLab), Division of Agronomy, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.-i.); (S.J.); (C.P.-u.-t.)
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Chanakan Prom-u-thai
- Plant Genetic Resource and Nutrition Lab (CMUPNLab), Division of Agronomy, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.-i.); (S.J.); (C.P.-u.-t.)
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Benjavan Rerkasem
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Joanne Russell
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD25DA, UK;
| | - Tonapha Pusadee
- Plant Genetic Resource and Nutrition Lab (CMUPNLab), Division of Agronomy, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.-i.); (S.J.); (C.P.-u.-t.)
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Agrobiodiversity in Highland and Sustainable Utilization Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Janejobkhet J, Pongprayoon W, Obsuwan K, Jaiyindee S, Maksup S. Multifaceted response mechanisms of Oryza sativa L. 'KDML105' to high arsenite and arsenate stress levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:13816-13832. [PMID: 38265595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Toxicity resulting from high levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs), specifically arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV), significantly induces oxidative stress and inhibits the growth of rice plants in various ways. Despite its economic importance and significance as a potent elite trait donor in rice breeding programmes, Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105) has received limited attention regarding its responses to As stress. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate how KDML105 responds to elevated AsIII and AsV stress levels. In this study, the growth, physiology, biochemical attributes and levels of As stress-associated transcripts were analysed in 45-day-old rice plants after exposing them to media containing 0, 75, 150, 300 and 600 µM AsIII or AsV for 1 and 7 days, respectively. The results revealed that AsIII had a more pronounced impact on the growth and physiological responses of KDML105 compared to AsV at equivalent concentrations. Under elevated AsIII treatment, there was a reduction in growth and photosynthetic efficiency, accompanied by increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Notably, the total contents of antioxidants, such as proline, phenolics and flavonoids in the shoot, increased by 8.1-fold, 1.4-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively. Additionally, the expression of the OsABCC1 gene in the roots increased by 9.5-fold after exposure to 150 µM AsIII for 1 day. These findings suggest that KDML105's prominent responses to As stress involve sequestering AsIII in vacuoles through the up-regulation of the OsABCC1 gene in the roots, along with detoxifying excessive stress in the leaves through proline accumulation. These responses could serve as valuable traits for selecting As-tolerant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthathip Janejobkhet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Wasinee Pongprayoon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri, 20131, Thailand
| | - Kullanart Obsuwan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Supakit Jaiyindee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Sarunyaporn Maksup
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
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Zhang Y, He Z, Xing P, Luo H, Yan Z, Tang X. Effects of paclobutrazol seed priming on seedling quality, photosynthesis, and physiological characteristics of fragrant rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:53. [PMID: 38229011 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclobutrazol is widely used in the agricultural field. This study investigated the effects of seed priming with different concentrations of paclobutrazol on seedling quality, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP, a key aroma component of fragrant rice) biosynthesis, and related physiological and biochemical indicators in fragrant rice seedlings. RESULTS The experiment is being conducted at the College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University. In the experiment, three concentrations of paclobutrazol (Pac 1: 20 mg·L-1; Pac 2: 40 mg·L-1; Pac 3: 80 mg·L-1) were used to initiate the treatment of fragrant rice seeds, while water treatment was used as a control (CK). The results showed that compared with CK, paclobutrazol treatment reduced plant height, increased stem diameter, and increased fresh and dry weight of aromatic rice seedlings. Moreover, paclobutrazol treatment also increased the seedlings' photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that paclobutrazol primarily increases the content of proline by reducing the content of glutamate and down-regulating the expression of P5CS2, thereby promoting the conversion of proline to the aromatic substance 2-AP. Under the appropriate concentration of paclobutrazol (40 mg·L-1~80 mg·L-1), the seedling quality, stress resistance, and aroma of fragrant rice can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhenzhen He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Pipeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haowen Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhuosheng Yan
- Guangzhou Golden Rice Agricultral Science and Technology Co, Ltd, Guangzhou, 510900, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant rice, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Kaewsorn K, Phanomsophon T, Maichoon P, Pokhrel DR, Pornchaloempong P, Krusong W, Sirisomboon P, Tanaka M, Kojima T. Modeling Textural Properties of Cooked Germinated Brown Rice Using the near-Infrared Spectra of Whole Grain. Foods 2023; 12:4516. [PMID: 38137320 PMCID: PMC10743016 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
If a non-destructive and rapid technique to determine the textural properties of cooked germinated brown rice (GBR) was developed, it would hold immense potential for the enhancement of the quality control process in large-scale commercial rice production. We combined the Fourier transform near-infrared (NIR) spectral data of uncooked whole grain GBR with partial least squares (PLS) regression and an artificial neural network (ANN) for an evaluation of the textural properties of cooked germinated brown rice (GBR); in addition, data separation and spectral pretreatment methods were investigated. The ANN was outperformed in the evaluation of hardness by a back extrusion test of cooked GBR using the smoothing combined with the standard normal variate pretreated NIR spectra of 188 whole grain samples in the range of 4000-12,500 cm-1. The calibration sample set was separated from the prediction set by the Kennard-Stone method. The best ANN model for hardness, toughness, and adhesiveness provided R2, r2, RMSEC, RMSEP, Bias, and RPD values of 1.00, 0.94, 0.10 N, 0.77 N, 0.02 N, and 4.3; 1.00, 0.92, 1.40 Nmm, 9.98 Nmm, 1.6 Nmm, and 3.5; and 0.97, 0.91, 1.35 Nmm, 2.63 Nmm, -0.08 Nmm, and 3.4, respectively. The PLS regression of the 64-sample KDML GBR group and the 64-sample GBR group of various varieties provided the optimized models for the hardness of the former and the toughness of the latter. The hardness model was developed by using 5446.3-7506 and 4242.9-4605.4 cm-1, which included the amylose vibration band at 6834.0 cm-1, while the toughness model was from 6094.3 to 9403.8 cm-1 and included the 6834.0 and 8316.0 cm-1 vibration bands of amylose, which influenced the texture of the cooked rice. The PLS regression models for hardness and toughness had the r2 values of 0.85 and 0.82 and the RPDs of 2.9 and 2.4, respectively. The ANN model for the hardness, toughness, and adhesiveness of cooked GBR could be implemented for practical use in GBR production factories for product formulation and quality assurance and for further updating using more samples and several brands to obtain the robust models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannapot Kaewsorn
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering and Innovation, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-Ok, Chon Buri 20110, Thailand;
| | - Thitima Phanomsophon
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; (T.P.); (P.M.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Pisut Maichoon
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; (T.P.); (P.M.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Dharma Raj Pokhrel
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; (T.P.); (P.M.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Pimpen Pornchaloempong
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
| | - Warawut Krusong
- Division of Fermentation Technology, School of Food Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
| | - Panmanas Sirisomboon
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; (T.P.); (P.M.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Munehiro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Agricultural Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan;
| | - Takayuki Kojima
- Laboratory of Agricultural Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan;
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Santanoo S, Lontom W, Dongsansuk A, Vongcharoen K, Theerakulpisut P. Photosynthesis Performance at Different Growth Stages, Growth, and Yield of Rice in Saline Fields. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091903. [PMID: 37176961 PMCID: PMC10181347 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic performance and biomass at different growth stages of the salt-sensitive KDML105 rice cultivar, three improved lines (RD73, CSSL8-94, and TSKC1-144), and the salt-tolerant standard genotype (Pokkali) were investigated under non-saline, semi-saline, and the heavy-saline field conditions in the northeast of Thailand. In the non-saline field, net photosynthesis rates (Pn) of all genotypes remained high from the early vegetative stage to the milky stage and then dramatically reduced at maturity. In contrast, in both saline fields, Pn was the highest at the early vegetative stage and continuously declining until maturity. Leaf chlorophyll content remained high from the early vegetative to milky stage then reduced at maturity for all three field conditions. During the reproductive phase, Pn of KDML105 and the improved lines were reduced by 4-17% in the heavy-saline field, while that of Pokkali was increased (11-19% increase over that of the non-saline). Pokkali also showed a prominent increase in water use efficiency (WUE) under salinity. Nevertheless, rice leaves under saline conditions maintained the PSII integrity, as indicated by the pre-dawn values of maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) of higher than 0.8. Pokkali under the semi-saline and the heavy-saline conditions exhibited 51% and 27% increases in final biomass, and 64% and 42% increases in filled grain weight plant-1, respectively. In the semi-saline condition, RD73, TSKC1-144, CSSL8-94, and KDML105 showed moderate salt tolerance by displaying 24%, 18.6%, 15%, and 11.3% increases in final biomass, and 24%, 4%, 13%, and 6% increases in filled grain weight plant-1, respectively. In contrast, in the heavy-saline field, final biomass of RD73, KDML105, CSSL8-94, and TSKC1-144 showed 48%, 45%, 38%, and 36% reductions from that in the non-saline field, while the filled grain weight plant-1 were reduced by 45%, 58%, 35%, and 32%, respectively. This indicated that the improved lines carrying drought- and/or salt-tolerance genes achieved an increased salt tolerance level than the parental elite cultivar, KDML105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supranee Santanoo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Watanachai Lontom
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anoma Dongsansuk
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kochaphan Vongcharoen
- Faculty of Science and Health Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin 46000, Thailand
| | - Piyada Theerakulpisut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Theerawitaya C, Supaibulwatana K, Tisarum R, Samphumphuang T, Chungloo D, Singh HP, Cha-Um S. Expression levels of nitrogen assimilation-related genes, physiological responses, and morphological adaptations of three indica rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) genotypes subjected to nitrogen starvation conditions. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:691-705. [PMID: 36056227 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient available to the plants in form of nitrate and ammonium. It is a macronutrient important for the plant growth and development, especially in cereal crops, which consume it for the production of amino acids, proteins/enzymes, nucleic acids, cell wall complexes, plant hormones, and vitamins. In rice production, 17 kg N uptake is required to produce 1 ton of rice. Considering this, many techniques have been developed to evaluate leaf greenness or SPAD value for assessing the amount of N application in the rice cultivar to maximize the grain yield. The aim of the present study was to investigate the morpho-physiological characteristics and relative expression level of N assimilation in three different rice genotypes (MT2, RD31, KDML105) under 1.00 × (full N), 0.50 × , 0.25 × (N depletion), and 0.00 × (N deficiency) at seedling stage and the morpho-physiological traits and the grain yield attributes under 1.00 × (full N) and 0.25 × (N depletion) were compared. Leaf chlorosis and growth inhibition in rice seedlings under N deficiency were evidently observed. Shoot height, number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root fresh weight in KDML105 under N deficiency were decreased by 27.65%, 42.11%, 65.44%, 47.90%, and 54.09% over the control (full N). Likewise, leaf greenness was lowest in KDML105 under N deficiency (78.57% reduction over the full N), leading to low photosynthetic abilities. In addition, expression of nitrogen assimilation-related genes, OsNR1, OsGln1;1, and OsGln2, in KDML105 under N depletion were increased within 3 h and then declined after the long incubation period, whereas those were unchanged in cvs. MT2 and RD31. Similarly, relative expression level of OsNADH-GOGAT, OsFd-GOGAT, and OsAspAt1 in KDML105 was peaked when subjected to 0.50 × N for 6 h and then declined after the long incubation period. Moreover, overall growth characters and physiological changes in cv. RD31 at vegetative stage under 0.25 × N were retained better than those in cvs. KDML105 and MT2, resulting in high yield at the harvesting process. In summary, N assimilated-related genes in rice seedlings under N depletion were rapidly regulated within 3-6 h, especially cv. KDML105 and MT2, then downregulated, resulting in physiological changes, growth inhibition, and yield reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cattarin Theerawitaya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Rujira Tisarum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Thapanee Samphumphuang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Daonapa Chungloo
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Suriyan Cha-Um
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
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Sritongon N, Sarin P, Theerakulpisut P, Riddech N. The effect of salinity on soil chemical characteristics, enzyme activity and bacterial community composition in rice rhizospheres in Northeastern Thailand. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20360. [PMID: 36437295 PMCID: PMC9701763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Saline soil is one of the major problems limiting rice productivity in the Northeastern area of Thailand. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine soil physicochemical analysis and soil enzyme activities, and bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of 'RD 6' rice grown in salt-affected rice fields. The Ban Thum sample showed the highest electrical conductivity (EC; greater than 6 dS m-1) and total Na, while the EC in other fields were at non- or slightly saline levels. The principal component analysis revealed that soil chemical characteristics and soil enzymes activities explained 73.4% of total variation. Soil enzyme activities including dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis, and soil characteristics including organic matter (OM) and organic carbon (OC) were significantly negatively correlated to EC. This indicated that these soil properties were adversely impacted by salts. Interestingly, activities of all hydrolytic enzymes were not affected by soil salinity. Bacteria that were able to colonize the rhizosphere soils were Achromobacter cholinophagum, Rhizobium tarimense, and unculturable bacteria. In this regard, study on the relationship of soil chemical characteristics and soil enzyme activities together with bacterial communities provided promising data for assessing rice field soil quality in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthawat Sritongon
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Pornrapee Sarin
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Piyada Theerakulpisut
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Salt-Tolerant Rice Research Group, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Nuntavun Riddech
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Salt-Tolerant Rice Research Group, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
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9
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Siangliw JL, Thunnom B, Natividad MA, Quintana MR, Chebotarov D, McNally KL, Lynch JP, Brown KM, Henry A. Response of Southeast Asian rice root architecture and anatomy phenotypes to drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1008954. [PMID: 36340400 PMCID: PMC9629509 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress in Southeast Asia greatly affects rice production, and the rice root system plays a substantial role in avoiding drought stress. In this study, we examined the phenotypic and genetic correlations among root anatomical, morphological, and agronomic phenotypes over multiple field seasons. A set of >200 rice accessions from Southeast Asia (a subset of the 3000 Rice Genomes Project) was characterized with the aim to identify root morphological and anatomical phenotypes related to productivity under drought stress. Drought stress resulted in slight increases in the basal metaxylem and stele diameter of nodal roots. Although few direct correlations between root phenotypes and grain yield were identified, biomass was consistently positively correlated with crown root number and negatively correlated with stele diameter. The accessions with highest grain yield were characterized by higher crown root numbers and median metaxylem diameter and smaller stele diameter. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed 162 and 210 significant SNPs associated with root phenotypes in the two seasons which resulted in identification of 59 candidate genes related to root development. The gene OsRSL3 was found in a QTL region for median metaxylem diameter. Four SNPs in OsRSL3 were found that caused amino acid changes and significantly associated with the root phenotype. Based on the haplotype analysis for median metaxylem diameter, the rice accessions studied were classified into five allele combinations in order to identify the most favorable haplotypes. The candidate genes and favorable haplotypes provide information useful for the genetic improvement of root phenotypes under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonaliza L. Siangliw
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Burin Thunnom
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Mignon A. Natividad
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Marinell R. Quintana
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Dmytro Chebotarov
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Kenneth L. McNally
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Jonathan P. Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Brown
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Amelia Henry
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
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10
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Hensawang S, Chanpiwat P. Probabilistic estimation and statuses of total, bioaccessible and inorganic arsenic accumulation in commercial white and brown rice in Thailand. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2022; 15:191-202. [PMID: 35574980 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2074146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) in rice is a crucial public health concern because it is a human carcinogen. This study was conducted to determine the actual As concentrations and estimate the probable range of As in rice. The status of As accumulation in rice was also determined. White (n=154) and brown (n=54) rice samples were collected over three crop years. The concentrations of As (total, bioaccessible and inorganic) were determined. The total As concentrations in white (0.088-0.295 mg/kg) and brown (0.119-0.517 mg/kg) rice were approximately 58.8% and 57.4% higher than the Codex standards, respectively. However, the bioaccessible and inorganic As in both types of rice were lower than the standards for both rice types. Regarding the classifications of As accumulation (low, normal, high and unusually high), the actual As concentrations found in the rice samples were either in the normal range or a high concentration of As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supanad Hensawang
- Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Penradee Chanpiwat
- Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Khetnon P, Busarakam K, Sukhaket W, Niwaspragrit C, Kamolsukyeunyong W, Kamata N, Sanguansub S. Mechanisms of Trichomes and Terpene Compounds in Indigenous and Commercial Thai Rice Varieties against Brown Planthopper. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050427. [PMID: 35621763 PMCID: PMC9143670 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Herbivorous insects and their host plants have a long history of co-evolution. Plants produce specialized morphological structures known as trichomes, which may be involved in the antibiosis and antixenosis traits of the host plant when interacting with insect herbivores. The host plant also produces chemicals that may act as a repellent or antifeedant to reduce infestation by herbivores. Several studies over the last few decades have revealed that trichomes perform an important role in plants’ defense against herbivores. However, little information is available on the physical and chemical defense of indigenous and commercial Thai rice varieties against major pests such as the brown planthopper (BPH). In this study, we found a negative relationship between the density of prickle trichomes and the BPH infestation level. The volatile organic compound (VOC) emission profiles from rice plants indicated that β-Sesquiphellandrene induced by BPH possibly repelled BPH. Abstract Plant trichomes generally act as a physical defense against herbivore attacks and are present in a variety of plants, including rice plants. This research examined the physical and chemical defenses of rice plants against the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). A total of 10 rice varieties were used in this study. An electron microscope was used to observe trichomes. Constitutive and induced volatile compound profiles were assessed using GC-MS analyses. The preference of BPH for volatiles from the 10 rice plants was tested using a two-choice arena olfactometer system. The density of prickle trichomes had a negative relationship with the BPH injury level. Without BPH infestation, the volatile of the most resistant rice variety (Rathu Heenati (RH)) was preferred by BPH than those of the other varieties, with the exception of Gled Plah Chawn. However, the relative BPH preference for volatiles from the RH variety decreased during BPH infestation. When rice plants were infested by BPH, the numbers of VOCs and these quantities decreased. In the RH variety, the emission of essentities found without BPH infestation ceased during infestation by BPH. During the BPH infestation, rice plants started to emit new VOCs that were not detected before the BPH infestation started. In conclusion, we discovered that rice plants defended against BPH by changing VOC components during BPH infestation and β-Sesquiphellandrene was likely the most effective component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phawini Khetnon
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.K.)
- Expert Centre of Innovative Agriculture, TISTR Technopolis, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Kanungnid Busarakam
- Biodiversity Research Centre, TISTR Technopolis, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Wissarut Sukhaket
- Expert Centre of Innovative Agriculture, TISTR Technopolis, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.S.); (C.N.)
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Cholticha Niwaspragrit
- Expert Centre of Innovative Agriculture, TISTR Technopolis, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Wintai Kamolsukyeunyong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Naoto Kamata
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.K.)
- The University of Tokyo Chiba Forest, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kamogawa, Chiba 299-5503, Japan
| | - Sunisa Sanguansub
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-34351886
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12
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Hensawang S, Chanpiwat P. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of human health risk from bioaccessible arsenic exposure via rice ingestion in Bangkok, Thailand. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:434-441. [PMID: 34373582 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice can be a source of arsenic (As) exposure, causing health impacts after ingestion. OBJECTIVE This study analyzed health risks due to As exposure through rice consumption, focusing on both bioaccessible (bAs) and total (tAs) As levels. METHODS Monte Carlo simulations were applied to determine health risk uncertainties and to analyze factors influencing health risks. RESULTS Cooked white and brown rice contained lower tAs and bAs than FAO/WHO standards of 0.20 and 0.35 mg/kg, respectively. As became less bioaccessible after cooking (14.0% in white rice and 18.5% in brown rice). Non-carcinogenic effects (MOS < 1) were found in 5% of children. Carcinogenic effects (MOE<100), especially lung cancer, were found in 75% of adults, with a probable incidence of 7 in 1,000,000. The lowest and highest annual cancer cases were 18 in 10,000,000 adolescents and 15 in 1,000,000 adults, respectively. The risks were mainly affected by body weight and bAs concentration. SIGNIFICANCE The results identified a certain risk level of non-carcinogenic effects in children and adolescents as well as carcinogenic effects in adults. The per capita consumption of rice in Thai adults should be reduced to prevent incidences of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Penradee Chanpiwat
- Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Uawisetwathana U, Jamboonsri W, Bamrungthai J, Jitthiang P, Nookaew I, Karoonuthaisiri N. Metabolite profiles of brown planthopper-susceptible and resistant rice (Oryza sativa) varieties associated with infestation and mechanical stimuli. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 194:113044. [PMID: 34864385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding brown planthopper (BPH) resistance mechanism will expedite selective breeding of better BPH resistant lines of rice (Oryza sativa). Metabolic responses during BPH infestation derived from wound stress imposed by insect feeding, comparing with mechanical piercing will provide an insight into resistance mechanism in rice. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the metabolic responses of needle piercing treatment and BPH feeding treatment in BPH-susceptible (KD) and BPH-resistant (RH) varieties at four different time points (0, 6, 24 and 96 h) using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Phenotypes of RH were not different among the treatments, whereas KD exhibited hopperburn symptom at 96 h post-BPH infestation. Principal component and cluster analyses revealed that metabolite profiles between KD and RH were different in response to both insect and mechanical stimuli. Metabolite profiles of RH under BPH and mechanical treatments at 24 and 96 h were different from the untreated, whereas metabolite profiles of KD after BPH infestation at 24 and 96 h were distinct from needle piercing and no treatment, suggesting that the resistant variety has an ability to adapt and defend both mechanical and insect stimuli. Metabolomics result showed that BPH infestation perturbed purine salvage biosynthesis (e.g., inosine, hypoxanthine) in both varieties, amino acid biosynthesis (e.g., phenylalanine, tryptophan) in KD, while the infestation perturbed lysine metabolism (pipecolic acid) and phenylpropanoid pathway (2-anisic acid) only in RH. BPH and mechanical stimuli perturbed phenylamide only in RH, but not in KD. These findings revealed that different rice varieties utilize different metabolites in response to insect and mechanical stimuli, resulting in different degrees of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umaporn Uawisetwathana
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Watchareewan Jamboonsri
- Innovative Plant Biotechnology and Precision Agriculture Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Jakrin Bamrungthai
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Prapatsorn Jitthiang
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- College of Medicine, Department Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, Biological Sciences Building, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
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Enhancement of the Aroma Compound 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline in Thai Jasmine Rice ( Oryza sativa) by Rhizobacteria under Salt Stress. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101065. [PMID: 34681166 PMCID: PMC8533629 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The major aroma compound (2-acetyl-1-pyrroline) of the world-famous Thai jasmine rice, variety KDML105, has declined due to high soil salinity and agrochemical input. In this work, the rhizobacteria from rice were investigated for the aroma compound’s production, as well as their potential for increasing the compound content in Thai jasmine rice seedlings under saline conditions. Our results provide evidence that the addition of aroma compound-producing rhizobacteria increases the aroma content in the rice seedlings under salt stress. Sinomonas sp. strain ORF15-23 which colonize the rice roots, is a promising rhizobacteria in promoting the aroma level of the Thai jasmine rice grown under salt stress and could be developed as a bioinoculant for Thai jasmine rice cultivation in a salt-affected area. Abstract Thai jasmine rice (Oryza sativa L. KDML105), particularly from inland salt-affected areas in Thailand, is both domestically and globally valued for its unique aroma and high grain quality. The key aroma compound, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), has undergone a gradual degradation due to anthropogenic soil salinization driven by excessive chemical input and climate change. Here, we propose a cheaper and an ecofriendly solution to improve the 2AP levels, based on the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In the present study, nine PGPR isolates from rice rhizosphere were investigated for the 2AP production in liquid culture and the promotion potential for 2AP content in KDML105 rice seedlings under four NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl). The inoculation of 2AP-producing rhizobacteria resulted in an increase in 2AP content in rice seedling leaves with the maximum enhancement from Sinomonas sp. ORF15-23 at 50 mM NaCl (19.6 µg·kg−1), corresponding to a 90.2% increase as compared to the control. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the colonization of Sinomonas sp. ORF15-23 in the roots of salinity-stressed KDML105 seedlings. Our results provide evidence that Sinomonas sp. ORF15-23 could be a promising PGPR isolate in promoting aroma level of Thai jasmine rice KDML105 under salt stress.
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Srinuttrakul W, Mihailova A, Islam MD, Liebisch B, Maxwell F, Kelly SD, Cannavan A. Geographical Differentiation of Hom Mali Rice Cultivated in Different Regions of Thailand Using FTIR-ATR and NIR Spectroscopy. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081951. [PMID: 34441727 PMCID: PMC8392001 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Hom Mali rice is considered the highest quality rice in Thailand, it is susceptible to adulteration and substitution. There is a need for rapid, low-cost and efficient analytical techniques for monitoring the authenticity and geographical origin of Thai Hom Mali rice. In this study, two infrared spectroscopy techniques, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, were applied and compared for the differentiation of Thai Hom Mali rice from two geographical regions over two production years. The Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) model, built using spectral data from the benchtop FTIR-ATR, achieved 96.97% and 100% correct classification of the test dataset for each of the production years, respectively. The OPLS-DA model, built using spectral data from the portable handheld NIR, achieved 84.85% and 86.96% correct classification of the test dataset for each of the production years, respectively. Direct NIR analysis of the polished rice grains (i.e., no sample preparation) was determined as reliable for analysis of ground rice samples. FTIR-ATR and NIR spectroscopic analysis both have significant potential as screening tools for the rapid detection of fraud issues related to the geographical origin of Thai Hom Mali rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannee Srinuttrakul
- Research and Development Division, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, Sai Mun, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand;
| | - Alina Mihailova
- Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (M.D.I.); (B.L.); (F.M.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marivil D. Islam
- Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (M.D.I.); (B.L.); (F.M.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Beatrix Liebisch
- Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (M.D.I.); (B.L.); (F.M.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Florence Maxwell
- Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (M.D.I.); (B.L.); (F.M.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Simon D. Kelly
- Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (M.D.I.); (B.L.); (F.M.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrew Cannavan
- Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (M.D.I.); (B.L.); (F.M.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.)
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Suklaew PO, Chusak C, Adisakwattana S. Physicochemical and Functional Characteristics of RD43 Rice Flour and Its Food Application. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121912. [PMID: 33371374 PMCID: PMC7767328 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of a new rice cultivar is the result of increasing consumer demands for healthier choices. In this study, physicochemical, thermal, pasting, and functional properties of flour from RD43 rice, a new rice variety, and its food application were investigated. RD43 rice flour demonstrated an irregular and polyhedral shape with a volume mean diameter of 103 ± 0.15 µm. In addition, the amylose content of RD43 rice and Hom Mali rice flour was 19.04% and 16.38%, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transforms Infrared (FTIR) confirmed the presence of a V-type crystalline structure and less crystallinity in RD43 rice flour, which resulted in a significant reduction of the water absorption index (WAI), swelling power (SP), water solubility index (WSI), gelatinization temperature, and pasting properties. Comparing with Hom Mali rice flour, RD43 rice flour had greater ability to disrupt cholesterol micellization and bind bile acid. Furthermore, it had lower starch digestibility, with a lower percentage of rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and higher percentage of undigestible starch than Hom Mali rice flour. Moreover, steamed muffins based on RD43 rice flour had lower starch digestibility than Hom Mali steamed muffins. The sensory analysis showed no significant differences between Hom Mali and RD43 steamed muffins. The findings suggest that RD43 rice flour could be an alternative ingredient for lowering the glycemic index of food products.
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Theerawitaya C, Samphumphuang T, Tisarum R, Siangliw M, Cha-Um S, Takabe T, Toojinda T. Expression level of Na + homeostasis-related genes and salt-tolerant abilities in backcross introgression lines of rice crop under salt stress at reproductive stage. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1595-1606. [PMID: 32671620 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress in the rice field is one of the most common abiotic stresses, reducing crop productivity, especially at reproductive stage, which is very sensitive to salt stress. The aim of this investigation was to study mRNA-related Na+ uptake/translocation and Na+ enrichment in the cellular level, leading to physiological changes, growth characteristics, and yield attributes in FL530 [salt-tolerant genotype; carrying SKC1 (in relation to high-affinity potassium transporters controlling Na+ and K+ translocation) and qSt1b (linking to salt injury score) QTLs] and KDML105 (salt-sensitive cultivar; lacking both QTLs) parental lines and 221-48 (carrying SKC1 and qSt1b QTLs) derived from BILs (backcross introgression lines) at 50% flowering of rice, under 150-mM NaCl until harvesting process. The upregulation of OsHKT1;5 (mediating Na+ exclusion into xylem parenchyma cells) and OsNHX1 (Na+/H+ exchanger to secrete Na+ into vacuole) and downregulation of OsHKT2;1 and OsHKT2;2 (mediating Na+ restriction in the roots, leaf sheath and older leaves) in cvs. FL530 and 221-48 (+ SKC1; + qSt1b) under salt stress were observed. It restricted Na+ level in flag leaf, thereby preventing salt toxicity, as indicated by maintenance of photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E) and overall growth performances. In contrast, Na+ enrichment in flag leaf of cv. KDML105 (-SKC1;-qSt1b) caused the reduction in ΦPSII by 30.5% over the control, leading to the reduction in Pn by 62.3%, in seed sterility by 88.2%, and yield loss by 85.1%. Moreover, the negative relationships between Na+ enrichment in flag leaf, physiological changes, and yield traits in rice crop grown under salt stress were demonstrated. Based on this investigation, rice genotype 221-48 was found to possess salt-tolerant traits at reproductive stage and thus could prove to be a potential candidate for future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cattarin Theerawitaya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Thapanee Samphumphuang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Rujira Tisarum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Meechai Siangliw
- Rice Gene Discovery Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC, NSTDA), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Suriyan Cha-Um
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Teruhiro Takabe
- Research Institute, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamagushi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
- Rice Gene Discovery Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC, NSTDA), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
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18
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Tisarum R, Theerawitaya C, Samphumphuang T, Polispitak K, Thongpoem P, Singh HP, Cha-um S. Alleviation of Salt Stress in Upland Rice ( Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica cv. Leum Pua) Using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:348. [PMID: 32273880 PMCID: PMC7113393 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbionts not only promote the growth of host plant but also alleviate abiotic stresses. This study aimed to investigate the putative role of AMF in salt stress regulation of upland pigmented rice cv. Leum Pua (LP) comparing with Pokkali salt tolerant (positive check). In general, LP is a variety of glutinous rice that contains anthocyanin pigment in the black pericarp, due to which it possesses high antioxidant activities compared to non-pigmented rice. Pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of inoculated AMF, Glomus etunicatum (GE), Glomus geosporum (GG), and Glomus mosseae (GM) strains, in the LP plantlets subjected to 0 (control) or 150 mM NaCl (salt stress) for 2 weeks in comparison with Pokkali (a salt tolerant rice cultivar), which was maintained as a positive check. Root colonization percentage under NaCl conditions ranged from 23 to 30%. Na+ content in the flag leaf tissues was increased to 18-35 mg g-1 DW after exposure to 150 mM NaCl for 14 days in both inoculated and un-inoculated LP plants, whereas Na:K ratio was very low in cv. Pokkali. Interestingly, sucrose content in the flag leaf tissues of un-inoculated LP plants under salt stress was increased significantly by 50 folds over the control as an indicator of salt stress response, whereas it was unchanged in all AMF treatments. Fructose and free proline in GE inoculated plants under salt stress were accumulated over control by 5.75 and 13.59 folds, respectively, for osmotic adjustment of the cell, thereby maintaining the structure and functions of chlorophyll pigments, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, and stomatal function. Shoot height, flag leaf length, number of panicles, panicle length, panicle weight, and 100-grain weight in GE inoculated plants of cv. LP under salt stress were maintained similar to cv. Pokkali. Interestingly, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and peonidin-3-glucoside (P3G) in the pericarp of cv. LP were regulated by GE inoculation under salt stress conditions. In summary, AMF-inoculation in rice crop is a successful alternative approach to reduce salt toxicity, maintain the yield attributes, and regulate anthocyanins enrichment in the pericarp of grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujira Tisarum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Cattarin Theerawitaya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Thapanee Samphumphuang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Kanyamin Polispitak
- Devision of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Khlong Hok, Thailand
| | - Panarat Thongpoem
- Devision of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Khlong Hok, Thailand
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suriyan Cha-um
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Suriyan Cha-um,
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Melini V, Melini F. Asian grain-based food products and the European scheme for food protected designations of origin: A critical analysis. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Kamolsukyeunyong W, Ruengphayak S, Chumwong P, Kusumawati L, Chaichoompu E, Jamboonsri W, Saensuk C, Phoonsiri K, Toojinda T, Vanavichit A. Identification of spontaneous mutation for broad-spectrum brown planthopper resistance in a large, long-term fast neutron mutagenized rice population. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:16. [PMID: 30888525 PMCID: PMC6424995 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of rice varieties with broad-spectrum resistance to insect pests is the most promising approach for controlling a fast evolving insect pest such as the brown planthopper (BPH). To cope with rapid evolution, discovering new sources of broad-spectrum resistance genes is the ultimate goal. RESULTS We used a forward genetics approach to identify BPH resistance genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) for quantitative trait loci (QTL)-seq of the backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from a cross between the BPH-susceptible cultivar KDML105 and BPH-resistant cultivar Rathu Heenati (RH). Two major genomic regions, located between 5.78-7.78 Mb (QBPH4.1) and 15.22-17.22 Mb (QBPH4.2) on rice chromosome 4, showed association with BPH resistance in both pooled BILs and individual highly resistant and susceptible BILs. The two most significant candidate resistance genes located within the QBPH4.1 and QBPH4.2 windows were lectin receptor kinase 3 (OsLecRK3) and sesquiterpene synthase 2 (OsSTPS2), respectively. Functional markers identified in these two genes were used for reverse screening 9323 lines of the fast neutron (FN)-mutagenized population developed from the BPH-susceptible, purple-pigmented, indica cultivar Jao Hom Nin (JHN). Nineteen FN-mutagenized lines (0.24%) carried mutations in the OsLecRK3 and/or OsSTPS2 gene. Among these mutant lines, only one highly resistant line (JHN4) and three moderately resistant lines (JHN09962, JHN12005, and JHN19525) were identified using three active, local BPH populations. The 19 mutant lines together with three randomly selected mutant lines, which did not harbor mutations in the two target genes, were screened further for mutations in six known BPH resistance genes including BPH9, BPH14, BPH18, BPH26, BPH29, and BPH32. Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletion (Indel) mutations were identified, which formed gene-specific haplotype patterns (HPs) essential for broad-spectrum resistance to BPH in both BILs and JHN mutant populations. CONCLUSION On the one hand, HPs of OsLekRK2-3, OsSTPS2, and BPH32 determined broad-spectrum resistance to BPH among RH-derived BILs. On the other hand, in the JHN mutant population, BPH9 together with seven significant genes on chromosome 4 played a crucial role in BPH resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wintai Kamolsukyeunyong
- Rice Gene Discovery and Utilization Laboratory, Innovative Plant Biotechnology and Precision Agriculture Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Siriphat Ruengphayak
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pantharika Chumwong
- Rice Gene Discovery and Utilization Laboratory, Innovative Plant Biotechnology and Precision Agriculture Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Lucia Kusumawati
- Rice Gene Discovery and Utilization Laboratory, Innovative Plant Biotechnology and Precision Agriculture Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Ekawat Chaichoompu
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering and Bioinformatics, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Watchareewan Jamboonsri
- Rice Gene Discovery and Utilization Laboratory, Innovative Plant Biotechnology and Precision Agriculture Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Chatree Saensuk
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kunyakarn Phoonsiri
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- Rice Gene Discovery and Utilization Laboratory, Innovative Plant Biotechnology and Precision Agriculture Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
- Integrative Crop Biotechnology and Management Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Apichart Vanavichit
- Rice Gene Discovery and Utilization Laboratory, Innovative Plant Biotechnology and Precision Agriculture Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom Thailand
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Jairin J, Vejchasarn P, Somjai T, Srivilai K, Darwell K, Leelagud P, Kawichai R, Kotcharerk J, Suthanthangjai A, Popa N, Lachanthuek S, Chamarerk V. Identification of QTLs for Blast, Bacterial Blight, and Planthopper Resistance Using SNP-Based Linkage Maps from Two Recombinant Inbred Rice Lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2019.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Thiranusornkij L, Thamnarathip P, Chandrachai A, Kuakpetoon D, Adisakwattana S. Physicochemical Properties of Hom Nil (Oryza sativa) Rice Flour as Gluten Free Ingredient in Bread. Foods 2018; 7:E159. [PMID: 30262789 PMCID: PMC6210460 DOI: 10.3390/foods7100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hom Nil (Oryza sativa), a Thai black rice, contains polyphenolic compounds which have antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to investigate physicochemical properties of Hom Nil rice flour (HN) and its application in gluten free bread by using Hom Mali 105 rice flour (HM) as the reference. The results demonstrated that HN flour had significantly higher average particle sizes (150 ± 0.58 μm), whereas the content of amylose (17.6 ± 0.2%) was lower than HM flour (particle sizes = 140 ± 0.58 μm; amylose content = 21.3 ± 0.6%). Furthermore, HN contained higher total phenolic compounds (TPC) (2.68 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g flour), total anthocyanins (293 ± 30 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/g flour), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (73.5 ± 1.5 mM FeSO₄/g) than HM flour (TPC = 0.15 mg GAE/g flour and FRAP = 2.24 mM FeSO₄/g flour). In thermal properties, the onset temperature (To), the peak temperature (Tp) and the conclusion (Tc) temperature of HN flour were similar to the values of HM flour. However, HN flour had lower enthalpy change (ΔH) than HM flour. The results showed that HN flour had lower swelling power and higher solubility than HM flour at the temperature between 55 °C and 95 °C. In pasting properties, HN flour also showed lower peak, trough and breakdown viscosity than HM flour. In addition, the bread samples prepared by HN flour had higher value of hardness and lower value of cohesiveness than the bread prepared from HM flour. Taken together, the findings suggest that HN flour could be used as an alternative gluten-free ingredient for bread product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalana Thiranusornkij
- Technopreneurship and Innovation Management Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- KCG Excellence Center, KCG Corporation Co., Ltd., Thepharak Rd., Bangpleeyai, Bangplee, Samutprakarn 10540, Thailand.
| | - Parichart Thamnarathip
- KCG Excellence Center, KCG Corporation Co., Ltd., Thepharak Rd., Bangpleeyai, Bangplee, Samutprakarn 10540, Thailand.
| | - Achara Chandrachai
- Technopreneurship and Innovation Management Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Daris Kuakpetoon
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Mackill DJ. Special Issue: Iconic Rice Varieties. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:16. [PMID: 29629475 PMCID: PMC5890004 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David J Mackill
- Mars, Inc., Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA.
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