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Du Y, Lin Y, Zhang K, Rothenberg DO, Zhang H, Zhou H, Su H, Zhang L. The Chemical Composition and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Mechanism of Color Formation in Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Pericarp. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13198. [PMID: 37686006 PMCID: PMC10487661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential metabolism of albino (white), green, and purple pericarp coloration, biochemical profiling and transcriptome sequencing analyses were performed on three different tea pericarps, Zhongbaiyihao (Camellia sinensis L. var. Zhongbai), Jinxuan (Camellia sinensis L. var. Jinxuan), and Baitangziya (Camellia sinensis L. var. Baitang). Results of biochemical analysis revealed that low chlorophyll content and low chlorophyll/carotene ratio may be the biochemical basis for albino characteristics in the 'Zhongbaiyihao' pericarp. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, including DFR, F3'5'H, CCoAOMT, and 4-coumaroyl-CoA, were highly expressed in the purple 'Baitangziya' pericarp. In the chlorophyll synthesis of white pericarp, GUN5 (Genome Uncoupled 5) and 8-vinyl-reductase both showed high expression levels compared to the green one, which indicated that albino 'Zhongbaiyihao' pericarp had a higher chlorophyll synthesis capacity than 'Jinxuan'. Meanwhile, chlorophyllase (CLH, CSS0004684) was lower in 'Baitang' than in 'Jinxuan' and 'Zhongbaiyihao' pericarp. Among the differentially expressed transcription factors, MYB59, WRKY41-like2 (CS ng17509), bHLH62 like1 (CS ng6804), and bHLH62-like3 (CSS0039948) were downregulated in Jinxuan pericarp, suggesting that transcription factors played a role in regulating tea pericarp coloration. These findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and theoretical basis for utilizing functional components of tea pericarp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lingyun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (D.O.R.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.S.)
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2
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Danpreedanan N, Yamuangmorn S, Jamjod S, Prom-U-Thai C, Pusadee T. Genotypic Variation of Purple Rice in Response to Shading in Yield, Anthocyanin Content, and Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2582. [PMID: 37447142 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Purple rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains anthocyanin, which acts as an antioxidant and functional food for humans. The levels of anthocyanin growth and production in rice are mainly controlled by the availability of light. However, shade can affect anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the yield and anthocyanin content among four purple rice varieties, which provide the difference in colors of purple and green leaves. This study also evaluated gene expression affected by shading treatment to understand the relation of grain anthocyanin and expression level. This research was conducted using a split plot design using four levels of shading (levels of shading from anthesis to maturity) with three replications, no shading, 30% shading, 50% shading, and 70% shading, as the main plots and purple rice varieties as subplots, KJ CMU-107, K2, K4, and KDK10, from anthesis to maturity. Shading significantly decreased yield and yield components, but increased grain anthocyanin content. Nonetheless, the response of yield and grain anthocyanin content to shading did not show a significant different between purple and green leaf varieties. In addition, the level of OsDFR gene expression was different depending on the shading level in four rice varieties. The OsDFR gene presented the highest expression at shading levels of 30% for K4 and 50% for KDK10, while the expression of the OsDFR gene was not detected in the purple rice varieties with green leaves (KJ CMU-107 and K2). The response of grain anthocyanin and gene expression of OsDFR to light treatment did not show significantly differences between the purple and green leaf varieties, suggesting that the appearance of anthocyanin in leaves might be not related to anthocyanin synthesis in the grain. Taken together, the results suggest that some purple rice varieties were more suitable for planting under low light intensity based on a lower level of grain yield loss, strong shade tolerance, and high anthocyanin content in leaf and grain pericarp. However, it is necessary to explore the effects of light intensity on genes and intermediates in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantapat Danpreedanan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Sansanee Jamjod
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Chanakan Prom-U-Thai
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Tonapha Pusadee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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Zhan J, Zhong J, Cheng J, Wang Y, Hu K. Map-based cloning of the APRR2 gene controlling green stigma in bitter gourd ( Momordica charantia). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1128926. [PMID: 37235005 PMCID: PMC10208069 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1128926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bitter gourd is an economically important vegetable and medicinal crop distinguished by its bitter fruits. Its stigma color is widely used to assess the distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability of bitter gourd varieties. However, limited researches have been dedicated to genetic basis of its stigma color. In this study, we employed bulked segregant analysis (BSA) sequencing to identify a single dominant locus McSTC1 located on pseudochromosome 6 through genetic mapping of an F2 population (n =241) derived from the cross between green and yellow stigma parental lines. An F2-derived F3 segregation population (n = 847) was further adopted for fine mapping, which delimited the McSTC1 locus to a 13.87 kb region containing one predicted gene McAPRR2 (Mc06g1638), a homolog of the Arabidopsis two-component response regulator-like gene AtAPRR2. Sequence alignment analysis of McAPRR2 revealed that a 15 bp insertion at exon 9 results in a truncated GLK domain of its encoded protein, which existed in 19 bitter gourd varieties with yellow stigma. A genome-wide synteny search of the bitter gourd McAPRR2 genes in Cucurbitaceae family revealed its close relationship with other cucurbits APRR2 genes that are corresponding to white or light green fruit skin. Our findings provide insights into the molecular marker-assisted breeding of bitter gourd stigma color and the mechanism of gene regulation for stigma color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaowen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kailin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Roychowdhury A, Srivastava R, Akash, Shukla G, Zehirov G, Mishev K, Kumar R. Metabolic footprints in phosphate-starved plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:755-767. [PMID: 37363416 PMCID: PMC10284745 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants' requirement of Phosphorus (P) as an essential macronutrient is obligatory for their normal growth and metabolism. Besides restricting plants' primary growth, P depletion affects both primary and secondary metabolism and leads to altered levels of sugars, metabolites, amino acids, and other secondary compounds. Such metabolic shifts help plants optimize their metabolism and growth under P limited conditions. Under P deprivation, both sugar levels and their mobilization change that influences the expression of Pi starvation-inducible genes. Increased sugar repartitioning from shoot to root help root growth and organic acids secretion that in turn promotes phosphate (Pi) uptake from the soil. Other metabolic changes such as lipid remodeling or P reallocation from older to younger leaves release the P from its bound forms in the cell. In this review, we summarize the metabolic footprinting of Pi-starved plants with respect to the benefits offered by such metabolic changes to intracellular Pi homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Roychowdhury
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046 India
| | - Rajat Srivastava
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046 India
| | - Akash
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046 India
| | - Gyanesh Shukla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046 India
| | - Grigor Zehirov
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kiril Mishev
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046 India
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Suganami M, Kojima S, Wang F, Yoshida H, Miura K, Morinaka Y, Watanabe M, Matsuda T, Yamamoto E, Matsuoka M. Effective use of legacy data in a genome-wide association studies improves the credibility of quantitative trait loci detection in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1561-1573. [PMID: 36652387 PMCID: PMC10022637 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) using genomic and phenotypic data as inputs. While genomic data are obtained with high throughput and low cost, obtaining phenotypic data requires a large amount of effort and time. In past breeding programs, researchers and breeders have conducted a large number of phenotypic surveys and accumulated results as legacy data. In this study, we conducted a GWAS using phenotypic data of temperate japonica rice (Oryza sativa) varieties from a public database. The GWAS using the legacy data detected several known agriculturally important genes, indicating reliability of the legacy data for GWAS. By comparing the GWAS using legacy data (L-GWAS) and a GWAS using phenotypic data that we measured (M-GWAS), we detected reliable QTL for agronomically important traits. These results suggest that an L-GWAS is a strong alternative to replicate tests to confirm the reproducibility of QTL detected by an M-GWAS. In addition, because legacy data have often been accumulated for many traits, it is possible to evaluate the pleiotropic effect of the QTL identified for the specific trait that we focused on with respect to various other traits. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using legacy data for GWASs and proposes the use of legacy data to accelerate genomic breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Suganami
- Author for correspondence: (M.S.), (E.Y.), (M.M.)
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Fanmiao Wang
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Fermentation Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Kotaro Miura
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Yoichi Morinaka
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Masao Watanabe
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Fermentation Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
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Zhou T, Sun J, Zhai Y, Gao C, Ruhsam M, Wang X. Transcriptome profiles of yellowish-white and fuchsia colored flowers in the Rheum palmatum complex reveal genes related to color polymorphism. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:187-197. [PMID: 35943640 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flower color variation is ubiquitous in many plant species, and several studies have been conducted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. There are two flower color variants (yellowish-white and fuchsia) in the Rheum palmatum complex, however, few studies have investigated this phenomenon. Here, we used transcriptome sequencing of the two color variants to shed light on the molecular and biochemical basis for these color morphs. Comparison of the two transcriptomes identified 9641 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs), including 6477 up-regulated and 3163 down-regulated genes. Functional analyses indicated that several DEGs were related to the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, and the expression profiles of these DEGs were coincident with the qRT-PCR validation results, indicating that expression levels of structural genes have a profound effect on the color variation in the R. palmatum complex. Our results suggested that the interaction of transcription factors (MYB, bHLH and WRKY) also regulated the anthocyanin biosynthesis in the R. palmatum complex. Estimation of selection pressures using the dN/dS ratio showed that 1106 pairs of orthologous genes have undergone positive selection. Of these positively selected genes, 21 were involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, indicating that they may encode the proteins for structural alteration and affect flower color in the R. palmatum complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiangyan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yunyan Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chenxi Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Markus Ruhsam
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Xumei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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7
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Zhou Z, Li H, Wei R, Li D, Lu W, Weng Z, Yang Z, Guo Y, Lin Y, Chen H. RNA-seq reveals transcriptional differences in anthocyanin and vitamin biosynthetic pathways between black and white rice. Gene X 2022; 844:146845. [PMID: 36038026 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins and vitamins in black rice are the micronutrients vital to human health, both of which predominantly accumulate in the bran fraction. Some studies have demonstrated that black rice contains more vitamins compared with common white rice, indicating potential association between anthocyanin and vitamin accumulation. In this study, transcriptomes of pericarps collected from 27 black rice accessions and 49 white rice accessions at 10 days after flowering (DAF) were sequenced and analyzed. We identified 830 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 58 transcription factors (TFs) between black and white rice. Among 58 differentially expressed transcription factors, OsTTG1 was confirmed to be the one and only WD40 repeat protein regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in the pericarp. Moreover, we identified 53 differentially expressed synthetic-related genes among 42 main synthesis enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway of seven vitamins including β-carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B5, vitamin B7, vitamin B9 and vitamin E. Collectively, our results provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of biosynthesis of anthocyanins and vitamins and the potential effect of anthocyanin biosynthesis on vitamin biosynthesis in black rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaihui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Han Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruixue Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dianwei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zijin Weng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zenan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongmei Guo
- Food Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Uncovering Hierarchical Regulation among MYB-bHLH-WD40 Proteins and Manipulating Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158203. [PMID: 35897779 PMCID: PMC9332703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins accumulate in various organs of rice, and the regulatory genes involved in pigmentation of specific organs, such as pericarp, hull, leaf, apiculus, and stigma have been elucidated. However, the corresponding gene for rice culm pigmentation has not been clarified. The well-known MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex plays vital role in regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in plants. However, the core members of MBW and the hierarchical regulation between these members are not fully elucidated in rice. Here, by map-based cloning, we identified the culm-specific pigmentation gene S1 whose alleles are also known for hull/pericarp pigmentation. We also clarified that one WD40 protein encoding gene, WA1, is indispensable for anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice. In the cascading regulation among MBW members, S1 (bHLH) acts as the master gene by activating the expression of C1 (MYB), and then C1 activates the expression of WA1 (WD40), which is unique in plant species. This enables MBW members to be coordinated in a common way to efficiently regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Based on these studies, we explored the minimal gene set required for anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice. These findings will help us design new rice varieties with anthocyanin accumulation in specific organs as needed.
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Lin Y, Laosatit K, Liu J, Chen J, Yuan X, Somta P, Chen X. The mungbean VrP locus encoding MYB90, an R2R3-type MYB protein, regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:895634. [PMID: 35937322 PMCID: PMC9355716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.895634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments present in several tissues/parts of plants. The pigments provide color and are wildly known for health benefits for human, insect attraction for plant pollination, and stress resistance in plants. Anthocyanin content variations in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] were first noticed a long time ago, but the genetic mechanism controlling the anthocyanins in mungbean remains unknown. An F2 population derived from the cross between purple-hypocotyl (V2709) and green-hypocotyl (Sulv1) mungbeans was used to map the VrP locus controlling purple hypocotyl. The VrP locus was mapped to a 78.9-kb region on chromosome 4. Sequence comparison and gene expression analysis identified an R2R3-MYB gene VrMYB90 as the candidate gene for the VrP locus. Haplotype analysis using 124 mungbean accessions suggested that 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon 3 may lead to an abolished expression of VrMYB90 and an absence of anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl of Sulv1 and KPS2. The overexpression of VrMYB90 in mungbean hairy root, tobacco leaf, and Arabidopsis resulted in anthocyanin accumulation (purple color). Gene expression analysis demonstrated that VrMYB90 regulated anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl, stem, petiole, and flowers, and the expression was sensitive to light. VrMYB90 protein may upregulate VrDFR encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase at the late biosynthesis step of anthocyanins in mungbeans. These results suggest that VrMYB90 is the dominator in the spatiotemporal regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our results provide insight into the biosynthesis mechanism of anthocyanin and a theoretical basis for breeding mungbeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Kularb Laosatit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand
| | - Jinyang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingbing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Prakit Somta
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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10
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Zhao D, Zhang C, Li Q, Liu Q. Genetic control of grain appearance quality in rice. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108014. [PMID: 35777622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Grain appearance, one of the key determinants of rice quality, reflects the ability to attract consumers, and is characterized by four major properties: grain shape, chalkiness, transparency, and color. Mining of valuable genes, genetic mechanisms, and breeding cultivars with improved grain appearance are essential research areas in rice biology. However, grain appearance is a complex and comprehensive trait, making it challenging to understand the molecular details, and therefore, achieve precise improvement. This review highlights the current findings of grain appearance control, including a detailed description of the key genes involved in the formation of grain appearance, and the major environmental factors affecting chalkiness. We also discuss the integration of current knowledge on valuable genes to enable accurate breeding strategies for generation of rice grains with superior appearance quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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11
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Ma J, Li C, Zong M, Qiu Y, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xie Y, Zhang H, Wang J. CmFSI8/CmOFP13 encoding an OVATE family protein controls fruit shape in melon. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1370-1384. [PMID: 34849737 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fruit shape is an important quality and yield trait in melon (Cucumis melo). Although some quantitative trait loci for fruit shape have been reported in in this species, the genes responsible and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identified and characterized a gene controlling fruit shape from two melon inbred lines, B8 with long-horn fruit and HP22 with flat-round fruit. Genetic analysis suggested that the shape was controlled by a single and incompletely dominant locus, which we designate as CmFSI8/CmOFP13. This gene was finely mapped to a 53.7-kb interval on chromosome 8 based on bulked-segregant analysis sequencing and map-based cloning strategies. CmFSI8/CmOFP13 encodes an OVATE family protein (OFP) and is orthologous to AtOFP1 and SlOFP20. The transcription level of CmFSI8/CmOFP13 in the ovary of HP22 was significantly higher than that in B8, and sequence analysis showed that a 12.5-kb genomic variation with a retrotransposon insertion identified in the promoter was responsible for elevating the expression, and this ultimately caused the differences in fruit shape. Ectopic overexpression of CmFSI8/CmOFP13 in Arabidopsis led to multiple phenotypic changes, including kidney-shaped leaves and shortened siliques. Taken together, our results demonstrate the involvement of an OFP in regulating fruit shape in melon, and our improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms will enable us to better manipulate fruit shape in breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mei Zong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yanhong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuemin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yating Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Jianshe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Kim DH, Yang J, Ha SH, Kim JK, Lee JY, Lim SH. An OsKala3, R2R3 MYB TF, Is a Common Key Player for Black Rice Pericarp as Main Partner of an OsKala4, bHLH TF. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:765049. [PMID: 34777449 PMCID: PMC8585765 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.765049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) pericarp exhibits various colors due to the accumulation of anthocyanins and/or proanthocyanidins. Previous work revealed that the two basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors OsKala4 and OsRc are key regulators for the black and red pericarp traits, respectively, and their inactivation results in rice with white pericarp. However, their pericarp-specific R2R3 MYB partner remained unknown. Here, we characterized the role of the R2R3 MYB gene OsKala3 in rice pericarp pigmentation through genetic and molecular approaches. A rice protoplast transfection assay showed that OsKala3 is a nuclear-localized protein. Furthermore, OsKala3 physically interacted with OsKala4 in a yeast two-hybrid analysis. Co-transfection assays in rice protoplasts revealed that OsKala3 and OsKala4 mediate the activation of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. Notably, the OsKala3 promoter region exhibited an insertion polymorphism specifically in rice cultivars with black pericarp, creating two tandem repeats while red and white varieties harbor only one. The number of repeats within the OsKala3 promoter correlated with increased transactivation by OsKala3, thus providing a rationale for the black pericarp characteristic of cultivars with two repeats. These results thus provide evidence for the molecular basis of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice pericarp and may facilitate the introduction of this beneficial trait to other rice cultivars through marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, South Korea
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - JuHee Yang
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, South Korea
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13
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Zheng J, Wu H, Zhao M, Yang Z, Zhou Z, Guo Y, Lin Y, Chen H. OsMYB3 is a R2R3-MYB gene responsible for anthocyanin biosynthesis in black rice. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:51. [PMID: 37309545 PMCID: PMC10236093 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Black rice is a rare type of rice germplasm with various health benefits that are largely attributed to anthocyanin pigment accumulation in the pericarps. The anthocyanin biosynthesis in plant tissues is activated mainly by the MBW complexes, consisting of three types of transcription factors R2R3-MYB, bHLH, and WDR. In black rice, the bHLH and WDR components regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in pericarps have been characterized, while the R2R3-MYB factor remains unknown. By examining the expression correlation between all putative rice MYB genes and anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes based on transcriptome data of pericarps in combination with further molecular and genetic analysis, we proved that OsMYB3 (LOC_Os03g29614) was the determinant R2R3-MYB gene for anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice pericarps. The expression level of OsMYB3 in pericarps of black rice was significantly higher than that of white rice. The knockout of OsMYB3 in a black rice variety caused significant downregulation of 19 anthocyanin metabolites and many other flavonoids in grains. Our research deepens the understanding of regulatory system for anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice pericarps and provides implications for breeding black rice varieties with high anthocyanin level. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01244-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512000 China
| | - Hao Wu
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512000 China
| | - Mingchao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zenan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zaihui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yongmei Guo
- Food Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205 China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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