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Chandrasekaran PR, Aljneibi S, Agarwal A, Pichi F, Neri P. Interpreting posterior uveitis by integrating indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography data: A narrative review. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2022; 36:344-355. [PMID: 36618566 PMCID: PMC9811926 DOI: 10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_69_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior uveitis is sight-threatening disease entity that can be caused by infectious and non-infectious entities. Vision loss in posterior uveitis can be following complications such as cystoid macular edema, epiretinal membrane, artery and vein occlusions, vasculitis, papillitis, choroidal neovascular membrane, retinal neovascularization, tractional retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, glaucoma, cataract, among others. Diagnosis of posterior uveitic entities have been revolutionized following introduction of choroidal imaging with techniques such as indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Med Line search and PubMed search was performed pertaining to causes of posterior uveitis, ICGA in posterior uveitis, OCT in posterior uveitis, OCTA in posterior uveitis, retinal and choroidal vascular changes in posterior uveitis, quantification of choriocapillaris lesion area in posterior uveitis, subfoveal choroidal thickness in posterior uveitis, quantification of choriocapillaris in posterior uveitis, vascular indices for quantification of choriocapillaris. This review article highlights various changes in the choroid and the quantification of choroid using various parameters in ICGA, OCT and OCTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya R. Chandrasekaran
- Department of Medical Retina, Uvea and Neuro-Ophthalmology, Lotus Eye Hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shaikha Aljneibi
- The Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aniruddha Agarwal
- The Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Francesco Pichi
- The Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Neri
- The Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Ohio, USA,Address for correspondence: Prof. Piergiorgio Neri, The Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. E-mail:
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Sarcoid Uveitis: An Intriguing Challenger. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070898. [PMID: 35888617 PMCID: PMC9316395 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our work is to describe the actual knowledge concerning etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, complications and therapy of ocular sarcoidosis (OS). The study is based on a recent literature review and on the experience of our tertiary referral center. Data were retrospectively analyzed from the electronic medical records of 235 patients (461 eyes) suffering from a biopsy-proven ocular sarcoidosis. Middle-aged females presenting bilateral ocular involvement are mainly affected; eye involvement at onset is present in one-third of subjects. Uveitis subtype presentation ranges widely among different studies: panuveitis and multiple chorioretinal granulomas, retinal segmental vasculitis, intermediate uveitis and vitreitis, anterior uveitis with granulomatous mutton-fat keratic precipitates, iris nodules, and synechiae are the main ocular features. The most important complications are cataract, glaucoma, cystoid macular edema (CME), and epiretinal membrane. Therapy is based on the disease localization and the severity of systemic or ocular involvement. Local, intravitreal, or systemic steroids are the mainstay of treatment; refractory or partially responsive disease has to be treated with conventional and biologic immunosuppressants. In conclusion, we summarize the current knowledge and assessment of ophthalmological inflammatory manifestations (mainly uveitis) of OS, which permit an early diagnostic assay and a prompt treatment.
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Differences between Mycobacterium chimaera and tuberculosis Using Ocular Multimodal Imaging: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214880. [PMID: 34768406 PMCID: PMC8585020 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their non-specific diagnostic patterns of ocular infection, differential diagnosis between Mycobacterium (M.) chimaera and tuberculosis can be challenging. In both disorders, ocular manifestation can be the first sign of a systemic infection, and a delayed diagnosis might reduce the response to treatment leading to negative outcomes. Thus, it becomes imperative to distinguish chorioretinal lesions associated with M. chimaera, from lesions due to M. tuberculosis and other infectious disorders. To date, multimodal non-invasive imaging modalities that include ultra-wide field fundus photography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography, facilitate in vivo examination of retinal and choroidal tissues, enabling early diagnosis, monitoring treatment response, and relapse detection. This approach is crucial to differentiate between active and inactive ocular disease, and guides clinicians in their decisional-tree during the patients’ follow-up. In this review, we summarized and compared the available literature on multimodal imaging data of M. chimaera infection and tuberculosis, emphasizing similarities and differences in imaging patterns between these two entities and highlighting the relevance of multimodal imaging in the management of the infections.
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Mahendradas P, Maruyama K, Mizuuchi K, Kawali A, Kitaichi N. Multimodal Imaging in Ocular Sarcoidosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 28:1205-1211. [PMID: 32396030 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1751210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Ocular sarcoidosis presents a diagnostic challenge because of its varied clinical presentations. It is important to distinguish sarcoidosis from other uveitis diseases. Multimodal imaging provides useful data to be introduced into clinical practice. Methods: This is a review article. Conclusions: This review article highlights the role of fundus fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICG), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the diagnosis and management of ocular sarcoidosis. This review article highlights the role of fundus fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICG), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the diagnosis and management of ocular sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Innovative Visual Science, Osaka University Medical School , Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Mizuuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ankush Kawali
- Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya , Bangalore, India
| | - Nobuyoshi Kitaichi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Sapporo, Japan
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Brandão-de-Resende C, Balasundaram MB, Narain S, Mahendradas P, Vasconcelos-Santos DV. Multimodal Imaging in Ocular Toxoplasmosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 28:1196-1204. [PMID: 32160073 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1737142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multimodal imaging relies on combination of multiple imaging modalities to precisely delineate pathological changes in the posterior segment of the eye associated with a wide range of conditions. This combined application of fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus reflectance/autofluorescence and fundus angiography (with fluorescein, indocyanine green and/or optical coherence tomography) is of great utility for assessment of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. Multimodal imaging is helpful to characterize the typical pattern of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, with primary focal inflammatory involvement of the neurosensory retina, and secondary changes at the level of underlying choroid, retinal blood vessels, vitreous and even optic disc. It may also be valuable to document and follow local complications, including macular edema, vascular occlusions, and choroidal neovascularization, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Brandão-de-Resende
- Hospital São Geraldo/Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Daniel V Vasconcelos-Santos
- Hospital São Geraldo/Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Testi I, Agrawal R, Mehta S, Basu S, Nguyen Q, Pavesio C, Gupta V. Ocular tuberculosis: Where are we today? Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:1808-1817. [PMID: 32823397 PMCID: PMC7690544 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1451_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis and management of ocular tuberculosis (OTB) poses a significant challenge. Mixed ocular tissue involvement and lack of agreement on best practice diagnostic tests together with the global variations in therapeutic management contributed to the existing uncertainties regarding the outcome of the disease. The current review aims to update recent progress on OTB. In particular, the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) group recently standardized a nomenclature system for defining clinical phenotypes, and also proposed consensus guidelines and an algorithmic approach for management of different clinical phenotypes of OTB. Recent developments in experimental research and innovations in molecular diagnostics and imaging technology have provided a new understanding in the pathogenesis and natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Testi
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Salil Mehta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Quan Nguyen
- Byres Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Carlos Pavesio
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vishali Gupta
- Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Bhende M, Shetty S, Parthasarathy MK, Ramya S. Optical coherence tomography: A guide to interpretation of common macular diseases. Indian J Ophthalmol 2018; 66:20-35. [PMID: 29283118 PMCID: PMC5778576 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_902_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography is a quick, non invasive and reproducible imaging tool for macular lesions and has become an essential part of retina practice. This review address the common protocols for imaging the macula, basics of image interpretation, features of common macular disorders with clues to differentiate mimickers and an introduction to choroidal imaging. It includes case examples and also a practical algorithm for interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Bhende
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sharan Shetty
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohana Kuppuswamy Parthasarathy
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - S Ramya
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mahendradas P, Madhu S, Kawali A, Roy AS, Vala R, Vinekar A, Shetty R. Enhanced Vitreous Imaging in Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017; 27:148-154. [DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1360501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Agrawal R, Arora R, Keane PA, Agarwal A, Pavesio C. Morphometric features on enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography scans in idiopathic posterior uveitis or panuveitis. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:993-1002. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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REAL-TIME FULL-DEPTH VISUALIZATION OF POSTERIOR OCULAR STRUCTURES: Comparison Between Full-Depth Imaging Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography. Retina 2016; 36:1153-61. [PMID: 26562563 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the real-time visualization of vitreoretino-choroidal structures using full-depth imaging (FDI) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and swept-source (SS)-OCT. METHODS Foveal scans using both FDI SD-OCT (Heidelberg Spectralis) and SS-OCT (Topcon Deep Range Imaging-OCT-1) were obtained in 40 normal eyes, 40 eyes with macular pathologies, and 40 eyes with glaucoma. Full-depth imaging SD-OCT images were obtained by manually enhancing the vitreoretinal interface first and then the choroid while averaging each OCT B-scan 100 times. Swept-source-OCT images were obtained by averaging each B-scan 96 times. After masking and randomly mixing the original OCT images, two independent physicians graded visualization of the premacular bursa, interdigitation zone line, and chorioscleral boundary, and also sharpness of choroidal structures. RESULTS A real-time full-depth image of vitreoretino-choroidal structures was successfully achieved with FDI SD-OCT in 118 cases (98.3%) and with SS-OCT in 45 cases (37.5%, P < 0.001). Full-depth imaging SD-OCT imaging was superior to SS-OCT imaging in visualizing the anterior border of the premacular bursa in 109 eyes (90.8%), with average grading of 1.63 ± 0.53 for the FDI SD-OCT and 0.39 ± 0.52 for the SS-OCT (P < 0.001). Swept-source-OCT was similar to FDI SD-OCT in visualizing the chorioscleral boundary in 108 eyes (90.0%), with average grading of 1.81 ± 0.39 for the SS-OCT and 1.78 ± 0.38 for the FDI-OCT (P = 0.566). The visualization of the interdigitation zone line was identical in the 2 imaging instruments (P = 1.000). The sharpness of the choroidal structures was greater with SS-OCT than with FDI-OCT (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Manual double-enhancing FDI technique using SD-OCT provided a good compromise between vitreous and retinochoroidal structures visualization in real time during scanning procedure. In contrast, SS-OCT imaged well details of choroidal sublayers. Appropriate OCT technology and software should be selected according to its application in clinical settings.
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Agarwal A, Mahajan S, Khairallah M, Mahendradas P, Gupta A, Gupta V. Multimodal Imaging in Ocular Tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2016; 25:134-145. [DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2016.1231332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Agarwal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
- Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sarakshi Mahajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Moncef Khairallah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Padmamalini Mahendradas
- Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Amod Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishali Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Agrawal R, Li LKH, Nakhate V, Khandelwal N, Mahendradas P. Choroidal Vascularity Index in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: An EDI-OCT Derived Tool for Monitoring Disease Progression. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2016; 5:7. [PMID: 27525196 PMCID: PMC4970799 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.5.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We assessed the application of the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in the follow-up of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) patients derived from image binarization of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) images with Fiji software. Our secondary objective was to derive the retinochoroidal vascularity index based on en face fundus fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography (FFA and ICGA). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, EDI-OCT scans of 18 eyes of 9 patients with VKH were obtained at baseline within 2 weeks of acute presentation, and again at 6 to 12 months. Images with poor quality were excluded. Choroidal thickness (CT) and CVI were analyzed and compared to 13 eyes of 13 healthy controls. En face FFA and ICGA obtained from 12 eyes of 7 patients were segmented to derive retinochoroidal vascularity index. Results There was no statistical difference in age or sex between the study group and controls. Choroidal thickness of patients with VKH was 359.23 ± 57.63 μm at baseline, compared to 274.09 ± 56.98 μm in controls (P = 0.003). Follow-up CT in VKH patients was 282.62 ± 42.51 μm, which was significantly decreased from baseline (P = 0.0001). Choroidal vascularity index in VKH patients was 70.03 ± 1.93% at baseline, compared to 64.63 ± 1.92% in controls (P < 0.001). Choroidal vascularity index was 66.94 ± 1.82% at follow-up, significantly reduced from baseline (P < 0.0001). Fundus fluorescein angiography and ICGA retinochoroidal vascularity indices at baseline were 70.67 ± 2.65% and 66.42 ± 2.16%, respectively. Conclusions In this small series of VKH patients, EDI-OCT–derived CVI had a statistically significant reduction over time, similar to CT. We propose that OCT, FFA, and ICGA-derived vascularity indices may be potential novel supportive tools in monitoring disease progression in VKH. Translational Relevance Choroidal vascularity index can be used potentially to study and analyze the structural changes in choroid. It can be a useful tool to explain the changes in the CT in different retinochoroidal disorders. Choroidal vascularity index also can be used for longitudinal follow-up in patients with VKH disease and other inflammatory disease involving the choroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Agrawal
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lilian Koh Hui Li
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Neha Khandelwal
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Agrawal R, Salman M, Tan KA, Karampelas M, Sim DA, Keane PA, Pavesio C. Choroidal Vascularity Index (CVI)--A Novel Optical Coherence Tomography Parameter for Monitoring Patients with Panuveitis? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146344. [PMID: 26751702 PMCID: PMC4713828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compute choroidal vascularity index (CVI) using an image binarization tool on enhanced depth imaging (EDI)-optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans as a non-invasive optical tool to monitor progression in panuveitis and to investigate the utility of volumetric data from EDI-OCT scans using custom image analysis software. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, segmented EDI-OCT scans of both eyes in 19 patients with panuveitis were taken at baseline and at 3-month follow-up and were compared with EDI-OCT scans of normal eyes. Subfoveal choroidal area was segmented into luminal (LA) and stromal interstitial area (SA). Choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was defined as the proportion of LA to the total circumscribed subfoveal choroidal area (TCA). RESULTS The mean choroidal thickness was 265.5±100.1μm at baseline and 278.4±102.6μm at 3 months follow up (p = 0.06). There was no statistically significant difference in TCA between study and control eyes (p = 0.08). CVI in the control group was 66.9±1.5% at baseline and 66.4±1.5% at follow up. CVI was 74.1±4.7% at baseline and 69.4±4.8% at 3 months follow up for uveitic eyes (p<0.001). The % change in CVI was 6.2 ±3.8 (4.3 to 8.0) for uveitic eyes, which was significantly higher from % change in CVI for control eyes (0.7±1.1, 0.2 to 1.3, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The study reports composite OCT-derived parameters and CVI as a possible novel tool in monitoring progression in panuveitis. CVI may be further validated in larger studies as a novel optical tool to quantify choroidal vascular status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Agrawal
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohammed Salman
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kara-Anne Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Karampelas
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- West Hertfordshire NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn A. Sim
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pearse A. Keane
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Pavesio
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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