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Sabir MJ, Ijaz M, Ahmed A, Rasheed H, Javed MU, Anwaar F. First report on genotypic estimation of MRSA load in udder of nomadic sheep flocks affected with subclinical mastitis in Pakistan. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105107. [PMID: 38096739 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the highly devastating issues responsible for production and economic losses in all dairy animals including sheep. This study was designed to investigate subclinical mastitis (SCM) associated with S. aureus in lactating nomadic ewes, along with the associated risk factors analysis. Furthermore, molecular characterization and antibiogram profiling of local methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates of ovine origin were also performed. A total of 384 milk samples (n = 384) were collected from 13 nomadic sheep flocks using a convenient sampling technique. SCM was evaluated using a Surf Field Mastitis test and the S. aureus was isolated using standard microbiological techniques. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay was used for phenotypic identification of MRSA while the mecA gene was tested through PCR. Study results revealed that SCM was prevalent at 34.37% while S. aureus association was recorded at 39.39%. MRSA prevalence was 36.53% and 21.15% using phenotypic and genotypic tests, respectively. The mecA gene sequences of study isolates showed maximum resemblance with already reported sequences from Pakistan, China, and Myanmar. MRSA isolates showed maximum resistance towards penicillin, ceftriaxone sodium, and trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole while gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and tylosin showed maximum efficacy. Risk factors analysis revealed that various flock management, housing, and host-related factors positively influenced the incidence of S. aureus-associated SCM. This study is the first report on the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA associated with SCM in lactating ewes in Pakistan. This study will help to devise effective treatment and control strategies for S. aureus-associated SCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jawad Sabir
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Arslan Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Rasheed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Javed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farwa Anwaar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
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Astuti PK, Gavojdian D, Ilie DE, Wanjala G, Monori I, Bagi Z, Kusza S. Genetic polymorphism in European and African sheep breeds reared in Hungary based on 48 SNPs associated with resistance to gastrointestinal parasite infection using KASP-PCR technique. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:197. [PMID: 37160635 PMCID: PMC10169887 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This pilot study used an alternative and economically efficient technique, the Kompetitive Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (KASP-PCR) to examine 48 SNPs from 11 parasite-resistance genes found on 8 chromosomes in 110 animals from five sheep breeds reared in Hungary; Hungarian Tsigai, White Dorper, Dorper, Ile de France, and Hungarian Merino. Allele and genotype frequencies, fixation index, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, F statistic, and their relationship with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (WHE) and the polymorphic information content (PIC) were determined, followed by principal component analysis (PCA). As much as 32 SNPs out of the 48 initially studied were successfully genotyped. A total of 9 SNPs, 4 SNPs in TLR5, 1 SNP in TLR8, and 4 SNPs in TLR2 genes, were polymorphic. The variable genotype and allele frequency of the TLRs gene indicated genetic variability among the studied sheep breeds, with the Hungarian Merino exhibiting the most polymorphisms, while Dorper was the population with the most SNPs departing from the HWE. According to the PIC value, the rs430457884-TLR2, rs55631273-TLR2, and rs416833129-TLR5 were found to be informative in detecting polymorphisms among individuals within the populations, whereas the rs429546187-TLR5 and rs424975389-TLR5 were found to have a significant influence in clustering the population studied. This study reported a moderate level of genetic variability and that a low to moderate within-breed diversity was maintained in the studied populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Kusuma Astuti
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dinu Gavojdian
- Research and Development Institute for Bovine Balotesti, 77015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | | | - George Wanjala
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Bagi
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Kusza
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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Brajnik Z, Ogorevc J. Candidate genes for mastitis resistance in dairy cattle: a data integration approach. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:10. [PMID: 36759924 PMCID: PMC9912691 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation of the mammary tissue (mastitis) is one of the most detrimental health conditions in dairy ruminants and is considered the most economically important infectious disease of the dairy sector. Improving mastitis resistance is becoming an important goal in dairy ruminant breeding programmes. However, mastitis resistance is a complex trait and identification of mastitis-associated alleles in livestock is difficult. Currently, the only applicable approach to identify candidate loci for complex traits in large farm animals is to combine different information that supports the functionality of the identified genomic regions with respect to a complex trait. METHODS To identify the most promising candidate loci for mastitis resistance we integrated heterogeneous data from multiple sources and compiled the information into a comprehensive database of mastitis-associated candidate loci. Mastitis-associated candidate genes reported in association, expression, and mouse model studies were collected by searching the relevant literature and databases. The collected data were integrated into a single database, screened for overlaps, and used for gene set enrichment analysis. RESULTS The database contains candidate genes from association and expression studies and relevant transgenic mouse models. The 2448 collected candidate loci are evenly distributed across bovine chromosomes. Data integration and analysis revealed overlaps between different studies and/or with mastitis-associated QTL, revealing promising candidate genes for mastitis resistance. CONCLUSION Mastitis resistance is a complex trait influenced by numerous alleles. Based on the number of independent studies, we were able to prioritise candidate genes and propose a list of the 22 most promising. To our knowledge this is the most comprehensive database of mastitis associated candidate genes and could be helpful in selecting genes for functional validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zala Brajnik
- grid.8954.00000 0001 0721 6013Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, Domzale, SI-1230 Slovenia
| | - Jernej Ogorevc
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, Domzale, SI-1230, Slovenia.
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Association of Breed of Sheep or Goats with Somatic Cell Counts and Total Bacterial Counts of Bulk-Tank Milk. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to describe potential associations of somatic cell counts (SCC) and total bacterial counts (TBC) in bulk-tank milk from sheep and goat farms with breeds of these animals in Greece. In total, 325 dairy sheep flocks and 119 dairy goat herds were visited for the collection of milk; the breed of animals in farms was evaluated for a potential association with SCC or TBC. The most frequently seen sheep breeds were the Lacaune (95 flocks) and the Chios (44 flocks). The most frequently seen goat breeds were the indigenous Greek (Capra prisca) (50 herds) and the Murciano-Granadina (13 herds). In a multivariable analysis, the breed and the application of machine-milking in sheep flocks, and the breed and the management system in goat herds emerged as significant factors for increased SCC (>0.75 × 106 cells mL−1) in bulk-tank milk. Further, the month of lactation at sampling in sheep flocks emerged a significant factor for increased TBC (>1500 × 103 cfu mL−1) in bulk-tank milk.
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Öner Y, Serrano M, Sarto P, Iguácel LP, Piquer-Sabanza M, Estrada O, Juan T, Calvo JH. Genome-Wide Association Studies of Somatic Cell Count in the Assaf Breed. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061531. [PMID: 34074014 PMCID: PMC8225172 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mastitis causes economic loss due to discarded milk and reduced milk production and quality, increased medical care costs and somatic cell count (SCC) penalties. The use of genetic markers associated with the variability of this trait through marker-assisted selection (MAS) could help traditional methods. Our objectives were to identify new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes associated with mastitis resistance in Assaf sheep by using the Illumina Ovine Infinium® HD SNP BeadChip (680K). Firstly, corrected phenotype estimates for somatic cell score (SCS) were calculated using 6173 records from 1894 multiparous Assaf ewes, and were used to select 192 extreme animals (low SCS group: n = 96; and high SCS group: n = 96) for the genome-wide association study (GWAS). Four SNPs (rs419096188, rs415580501, rs410336647, and rs424642424), three of them totally linked, were found to be significant at the chromosome level (FDR 10%) in two different regions of OAR19 close to genes related to the immune system response. Validation studies of two SNPs (rs419096188 and rs424642424) by Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping in the total population (n = 1894) confirmed previous GWAS association results for the SCS trait. Finally, the SNP rs419096188 was also associated with lactose content trait. Abstract A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes associated with mastitis resistance in Assaf sheep by using the Illumina Ovine Infinium® HD SNP BeadChip (680K). In total, 6173 records from 1894 multiparous Assaf ewes with at least three test day records and aged between 2 and 7 years old were used to estimate a corrected phenotype for somatic cell score (SCS). Then, 192 ewes were selected from the top (n = 96) and bottom (n = 96) tails of the corrected SCS phenotype distribution to be used in a GWAS. Although no significant SNPs were found at the genome level, four SNPs (rs419096188, rs415580501, rs410336647, and rs424642424) were significant at the chromosome level (FDR 10%) in two different regions of OAR19. The SNP rs419096188 was located in intron 1 of the NUP210 and close to the HDAC11 genes (61 kb apart), while the other three SNPs were totally linked and located 171 kb apart from the ARPP21 gene. These three genes were related to the immune system response. These results were validated in two SNPs (rs419096188 and rs424642424) in the total population (n = 1894) by Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping. Furthermore, rs419096188 was also associated with lactose content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Öner
- Department of Animal Science, University of Uludag, Bursa 16059, Turkey;
| | - Malena Serrano
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Pilar Sarto
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón —Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA—Zaragoza University), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.S.); (L.P.I.); (M.P.-S.); (O.E.); (T.J.)
| | - Laura Pilar Iguácel
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón —Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA—Zaragoza University), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.S.); (L.P.I.); (M.P.-S.); (O.E.); (T.J.)
| | - María Piquer-Sabanza
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón —Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA—Zaragoza University), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.S.); (L.P.I.); (M.P.-S.); (O.E.); (T.J.)
| | - Olaia Estrada
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón —Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA—Zaragoza University), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.S.); (L.P.I.); (M.P.-S.); (O.E.); (T.J.)
| | - Teresa Juan
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón —Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA—Zaragoza University), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.S.); (L.P.I.); (M.P.-S.); (O.E.); (T.J.)
| | - Jorge Hugo Calvo
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón —Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA—Zaragoza University), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.S.); (L.P.I.); (M.P.-S.); (O.E.); (T.J.)
- ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9767-16471
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El-Sayed A, Kamel M. Bovine mastitis prevention and control in the post-antibiotic era. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:236. [PMID: 33788033 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is the most important disease in the dairy industry. Antibiotics are considered to be the first choice in the treatment of the disease. However, the problem of antibiotic residue and antimicrobial resistance, in addition to the impact of antibiotic abuse on public health, leads to many restrictions on uncontrolled antibiotic therapy in the dairy sector worldwide. Researchers have investigated novel therapeutic approaches to replace the use of antibiotics in mastitis control. These efforts, supported by the revolutionary development of nanotechnology, stem cell assays, molecular biological tools, and genomics, enabled the development of new approaches for mastitis-treatment and control. The present review discusses recent concepts to control mastitis such as breeding of mastitis-resistant dairy cows, the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools, the application of communication technology as an educational and epidemiological tool, application of modern mastitis vaccines, cow drying protocols, teat disinfection, housing, and nutrition. These include the application of nanotechnology, stem cell technology, photodynamic and laser therapy or the use of traditional herbal medical plants, nutraceuticals, antibacterial peptides, bacteriocins, antibodies therapy, bacteriophages, phage lysins, and probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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