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Verma CR, Khare T, Chakraborty P, Gosavi SM, Petrtýl M, Kalous L, Kumkar P. Impact of diethyl phthalate on freshwater planarian behaviour, regeneration, and antioxidant defence. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 276:107110. [PMID: 39378734 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Diethyl phthalate (DEP) has been widely used as a plasticiser in various consumer products, including cosmetics, personal care items, and pharmaceuticals, and recent studies reported a higher abundance of this priority phthalate in the aquatic environment. DEP is a potential endocrine disruptor, affecting immune systems in humans and wildlife even at low-level chronic exposure. As concern over phthalates increases globally, regulatory bodies focus more on their environmental impact. However, limited research is available, particularly using model organisms like planarians. Planarians are ideal for toxicological studies and may provide insightful information on pollutants' neurotoxic, developmental, and ecological effects, especially in freshwater environments where planarians play a vital role in ecosystem balance. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to examine the toxicity of DEP using the freshwater Dugesia sp., as an experimental animal. The LC50 for the test organism was calculated using DEP concentrations of 800, 400, 200, 100, and 50 µM, with an estimated LC50 of 357.24 µM. Furthermore, planarians were exposed to sub-lethal DEP concentration (178.62 µM) for one day as well as eight days to evaluate the impact of DEP on planarian locomotion, feeding behaviour, and regeneration ability. At sub-lethal concentration, locomotion and feeding ability were decreased, and regeneration was delayed. Furthermore, neuro-transmittance in planaria was altered by sub-lethal DEP concentration, as indicated by a reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. DEP exposure induced oxidative damage in the tested planarians as shown by a marked increase in stress biomarkers, including lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Our study revealed that DEP exposure may prove fatal to freshwater organisms, such as planarians. The observed alterations in behaviour and regeneration ability demonstrate the severity of the effects exerted by DEP as a toxicant in aquatic ecosystems, thereby indicating the need to restrict its usage to protect aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandani R Verma
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tushar Khare
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate Change (REACH), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India; University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sachin M Gosavi
- Department of Zoology, Maharashtra College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Miloslav Petrtýl
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kalous
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pradeep Kumkar
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic.
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Wu F, Kong Z, Ge P, Sun D, Liu D, Dong Z, Chen G. Ecotoxicological evaluation and regeneration impairment of planarians by dibutyl phthalate. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119403. [PMID: 38871274 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Commonly utilized as a plasticizer in the food and chemical sectors, Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) poses threats to the environment and human well-being as it seeps or moves into the surroundings. Nevertheless, research on the harmfulness of DBP to aquatic organisms is limited, and its impact on stem cells and tissue regeneration remains unidentified. Planarians, recognized for their robust regenerative capabilities and sensitivity to aquatic pollutants, are emerging animal models in toxicology. This study investigated the comprehensive toxicity effects of environmentally relevant levels of DBP on planarians. It revealed potential toxicity mechanisms through the use of immunofluorescence, chromatin dispersion assay, Western blot, quantitative real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), chromatin behavioral and histological analyses, immunofluorescence, and terminal dUTP nickel-end labeling (TUNEL). Findings illustrated that DBP caused morphological and motor abnormalities, tissue damage, regenerative inhibition, and developmental neurotoxicity. Further research revealed increased apoptosis and suppressed stem cell proliferation and differentiation, disrupting a balance of cell proliferation and death, ultimately leading to morphological defects and functional abnormalities. This was attributed to oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This exploration furnishes fresh perspectives on evaluating the toxicity peril posed by DBP in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Zhihong Kong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Peng Ge
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Dezeng Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Zimei Dong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Guangwen Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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Ge H, Yang Q, Lyu S, Du Z, Liu X, Shang X, Xu M, Liu J, Zhang T. Egg White Peptides Accelerating the Wound Healing Process Through Modulating the PI3K-AKT Pathway: A Joint Analysis of Transcriptomic and Proteomic. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4100-4115. [PMID: 38373195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is a multiphase process with a complex repair mechanism; trauma-repairing products with safety and high efficiency have a great market demand. Egg white peptides (EWP) have various physiological regulatory functions and have been proven efficient in ameliorating skin damage. However, their underlying regulation mechanism has not been revealed. This study further evaluated the EWP ameliorating mechanism by conducting a full-thickness skin wound model. Results demonstrated that EWP administration significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory and shortened the inflammatory phase. Besides, EWP can accelerate the secretion of growth factors (PDGF, VEGF, and TGF-β1) in skin tissue, significantly increasing the regeneration of granulation tissue and endothelium in the proliferation phase, thereby promoting wound healing. After 400 mg/kg EWP interventions for 13 days postoperation, the wound healing rate reached 90%. The combination of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses demonstrated the ameliorating efficiency effects of EWP on wound healing. EWP mainly participates in the functional network with the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway as the core to accelerate wound healing. These findings suggest a promising EWP-based strategy for accelerating wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Siwen Lyu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Du
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Xuanting Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Menglei Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
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Cao Q, Peng D, Wang J, Reinach PS, Yan D. Unraveling the Intricate Network of lncRNAs in Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing: Insights Into the Regulatory Role of linc17500. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:4. [PMID: 38315480 PMCID: PMC10851785 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epigenetic mechanisms orchestrate a harmonious process of corneal epithelial wound healing (CEWH). However, the precise role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as key epigenetic regulators in mediating CEWH remains elusive. Here, we aimed to elucidate the functional contribution of lncRNAs in regulating CEWH. Methods We used a microarray to characterize lncRNA expression profiling during mouse CEWH. Subsequently, the aberrant lncRNAs and their cis-associated genes were subjected to comprehensive Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analyses were performed to determine the expression profiles of key markers during CEWH. The in vivo effects of linc17500 on this process were investigated through targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) injection. Post-siRNA treatment, corneal re-epithelialization was assessed, alongside the expression of cytokeratins 12 and 14 (Krt12 and Krt14) and Ki67. Effects of linc17500 on mouse corneal epithelial cell (TKE2) proliferation, cell cycle, and migration were assessed by multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, and scratch-wound assay, respectively. Results Microarray analysis revealed dysregulation of numerous lncRNA candidates during CEWH. Bioinformatic analysis provided valuable annotations regarding the cis-associated genes of these lncRNAs. In vivo experiments demonstrated that knockdown of linc17500 resulted in delayed CEWH. Furthermore, the knockdown of linc17500 and its cis-associated gene, CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 2 (Cks2), was found to impede TKE2 cell proliferation and migration. Notably, downregulation of linc17500 in TKE2 cells led to suppression of the activation status of Akt and Rb. Conclusions This study sheds light on the significant involvement of lncRNAs in mediating CEWH and highlights the regulatory role of linc17500 on TKE2 cell behavior. Translational Relevance These findings provide valuable insights for future therapeutic research aimed at addressing corneal wound complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dewei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peter S. Reinach
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Rabiasz A, Ziętkiewicz E. Schmidtea mediterranea as a Model Organism to Study the Molecular Background of Human Motile Ciliopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054472. [PMID: 36901899 PMCID: PMC10002865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are evolutionarily conserved organelles that form protrusions on the surface of many growth-arrested or differentiated eukaryotic cells. Due to the structural and functional differences, cilia can be roughly classified as motile and non-motile (primary). Genetically determined dysfunction of motile cilia is the basis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a heterogeneous ciliopathy affecting respiratory airways, fertility, and laterality. In the face of the still incomplete knowledge of PCD genetics and phenotype-genotype relations in PCD and the spectrum of PCD-like diseases, a continuous search for new causative genes is required. The use of model organisms has been a great part of the advances in understanding molecular mechanisms and the genetic basis of human diseases; the PCD spectrum is not different in this respect. The planarian model (Schmidtea mediterranea) has been intensely used to study regeneration processes, and-in the context of cilia-their evolution, assembly, and role in cell signaling. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the use of this simple and accessible model for studying the genetics of PCD and related diseases. The recent rapid development of the available planarian databases with detailed genomic and functional annotations prompted us to review the potential of the S. mediterranea model for studying human motile ciliopathies.
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Peng Z, Pang H, Wu H, Peng X, Tan Q, Lin S, Wei B. CCL2 promotes proliferation, migration and angiogenesis through the MAPK/ERK1/2/MMP9, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathways in HUVECs. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:77. [PMID: 36684650 PMCID: PMC9842938 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe bone trauma can lead to poor or delayed bone healing and nonunion. Bone regeneration is based on the interaction between osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis serves a unique role in the repair and remodeling of bone defects. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, also known as CC motif ligand 2 (CCL2), is a member of the CC motif chemokine family and was the first human chemokine to be revealed to be an effective chemokine of monocytes. However, its underlying mechanism in angiogenesis of bone defect repair remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the detailed mechanism by which CCL2 promoted angiogenesis in bone defects based on cell and animal model experiments. In the present study, CCL2 promoted proliferation, migration and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that treatment of HUVECs with CCL2 upregulated the protein expression levels of rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (Rock)1, Rock2, N-cadherin, c-Myc and VEGFR2. Furthermore, CCL2 promoted the expression of MAPK/ERK1/2/MMP9, PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins, which also demonstrated that CCL2 promoted these functions in HUVECs. Immunohistochemical staining of Sprague Dawley rat femurs following bone defects revealed that VEGF expression was positive in the newly formed bone area in each group, while the expression area of VEGF in the CCL2 addition group was markedly increased. Therefore, CCL2 is a potential therapeutic approach for bone defect repair and reconstruction through the mechanism of angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Peng
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - He Pang
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Hang Wu
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Peng
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Qichao Tan
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Sien Lin
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Sien Lin or Dr Bo Wei, Department of Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 South Renmin Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Sien Lin or Dr Bo Wei, Department of Orthopedics Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 South Renmin Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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Zheng M, Jiang X, Kong X, Guo Y, Zhang W, Di W. Proteomic analysis of Fasciola gigantica excretory and secretory products ( FgESPs) co-immunoprecipitated using a time course of infected buffalo sera. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1089394. [PMID: 36620027 PMCID: PMC9816151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1089394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Widespread Fasciola gigantica infection in buffaloes has caused great economic losses in buffalo farming. Studies on F. gigantica excretory and secretory products (FgESP) have highlighted their importance in F. gigantica parasitism and their potential in vaccine development. Identifying FgESP components involved in F. gigantica-buffalo interactions during different periods is important for developing effective strategies against fasciolosis. Methods Buffaloes were assigned to non-infection (n = 3, as control group) and infection (n = 3) groups. The infection group was orally administrated 250 metacercariae. Sera were collected at 3, 10, and 16 weeks post-infection (wpi) for the non-infection group and at 0 (pre-infection), 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 13, and 16 wpi for the infection group. FgESP components interacting with sera from the non-infection and infection groups assay were pulled down by co-IP and identified using LC-MS/MS. Interacting FgESP components in infection group were subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway and gene ontology (GO) functional annotation to infer their potential functions. Results and discussion Proteins of FgESP components identified in the non-infection group at 3, 10, and 16 wpi accounted for 80.5%, 84.3%, and 82.1% of all proteins identified in these three time points, respectively, indicating surroundings did not affect buffalo immune response during maintenance. Four hundred and ninety proteins were identified in the infection group, of which 87 were consistently identified at 7 time points. Following GO analysis showed that most of these 87 proteins were in biological processes, while KEGG analysis showed they mainly functioned in metabolism and cellular processing, some of which were thought to functions throughout the infection process. The numbers of specific interactors identified for each week were 1 (n = 12), 3 (n = 5), 6 (n = 8), 8 (n = 15), 10 (n = 23), 13 (n = 22), and 16 (n = 14) wpi, some of which were thought to functions in specific infection process. This study screened the antigenic targets in FgESP during a dense time course over a long period. These findings may enhance the understanding of molecular F. gigantica-buffalo interactions and help identify new potential vaccine and drug target candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China
| | - Xuelian Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China
| | - Xinping Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China
| | - Yanfeng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Weiyu Zhang, ✉
| | - Wenda Di
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China,Wenda Di, ✉
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Gundacker C, Audouze K, Widhalm R, Granitzer S, Forsthuber M, Jornod F, Wielsøe M, Long M, Halldórsson TI, Uhl M, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Reduced Birth Weight and Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: A Review of Possible Underlying Mechanisms Using the AOP-HelpFinder. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10110684. [PMID: 36422892 PMCID: PMC9699222 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) may impair fetal growth. Our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is incomplete. We used the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP)-helpFinder tool to search PubMed for studies published until March 2021 that examined PFAS exposure in relation to birth weight, oxidative stress, hormones/hormone receptors, or growth signaling pathways. Of these 1880 articles, 106 experimental studies remained after abstract screening. One clear finding is that PFAS are associated with oxidative stress in in vivo animal studies and in vitro studies. It appears that PFAS-induced reactive-oxygen species (ROS) generation triggers increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ expression and activation of growth signaling pathways, leading to hyperdifferentiation of pre-adipocytes. Fewer proliferating pre-adipocytes result in lower adipose tissue weight and in this way may reduce birth weight. PFAS may also impair fetal growth through endocrine effects. Estrogenic effects have been noted in in vivo and in vitro studies. Overall, data suggest thyroid-damaging effects of PFAS affecting thyroid hormones, thyroid hormone gene expression, and histology that are associated in animal studies with decreased body and organ weight. The effects of PFAS on the complex relationships between oxidative stress, endocrine system function, adipogenesis, and fetal growth should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gundacker
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40160-56503
| | - Karine Audouze
- Unit T3S, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1124, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Raimund Widhalm
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Granitzer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Forsthuber
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florence Jornod
- Unit T3S, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1124, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Maria Wielsøe
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Manhai Long
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thórhallur Ingi Halldórsson
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Uhl
- Environment Agency Austria, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Greenland Center for Health Research, Greenland University, Nuuk 3905, Greenland
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Djptpn11 is indispensable for planarian regeneration by affecting early wound response genes expression and the Wnt pathway. Biochimie 2022; 201:184-195. [PMID: 35868605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Planarian is an ideal model system of studying regeneration. Stem cell system and positional control genes (PCGs) are two important factors for perfect regeneration of planarians and they combine to promote their regeneration. Even so, how wounds regulate proliferation and neoblast fate is still important areas to address. Ptpn11 (Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11), one of PTP (Protein tyrosine phosphatase) family members, plays an important role in cellular processes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Nevertheless, the role of ptpn11 in the planarian regeneration has not been fully studied. In this study, we identify the Djptpn11 gene to observe its function in planarian regeneration. The results reveal that the regeneration is severely inhibited and cause the disorder homeostasis in planarians. Furthermore, the stem cells proliferation and differentiation decreases while the apoptosis increases following Djptpn11 RNAi. At the same time, Djptpn11 affects the expression levels of early wound response genes (Djegr2, Dj1-jun, Djrunt1, Djwnt1 and Djnotum). Djwnt1 and Djnotum are two key Wnt signaling pathway genes and Djptpn11 affects the expression levels of Djwnt1 and Djnotum in the early and late stages of planarian regeneration. In general, Djptpn11 is indispensable for the homeostasis and regeneration of planarian by affecting the stem cells, early wound response genes and the Wnt pathway.
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Wu W, Liu S, Wu H, Chen M, Gao L, Zhao B, Liu B, Pang Q. DjPtpn11 is an essential modulator of planarian (Dugesia japonica) regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1054-1064. [PMID: 35452697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica is an excellent model organism for investigating stem cell behavior during regeneration. Despite studies showing that numerous genetic factors are involved in regeneration, much more research is required to fully understand the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate regeneration. In this study, we identified an evolutionarily conserved gene DjPtpn11(DjShp2). DjPtpn11 transcripts are expressed in neoblasts and some differentiated cells, with a high expression at the newly formed blastema. Its silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) affected anterior regeneration and inhibited the regeneration of posterior regions, including cholinergic and serotonergic neuron regeneration. In adult planarians, DjPtpn11 knockdown did not affect neoblast survival and proliferation but might prevent the stem cell migration and differentiation through ERK signaling. DjPtpn11 was demonstrated to be necessary for the anterior blastema cell differentiation partially via regulating ERK-DjMkpA activity. DjPtpn11 also influenced posterior specification via DjIslet, suggesting that DjPtpn11 may be involved in regulating the Wnt signaling pathway during the development of posterior blastema. Together, these data identified that DjPtpn11 is an essential modulator for the regeneration of planarians, and it may influence the appropriate differentiation of blastema cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Meishan Chen
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.; Shenzhen University of Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.; Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
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11
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Molina MD, Cebrià F. Decoding Stem Cells: An Overview on Planarian Stem Cell Heterogeneity and Lineage Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1532. [PMID: 34680165 PMCID: PMC8533874 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Planarians are flatworms capable of whole-body regeneration, able to regrow any missing body part after injury or amputation. The extraordinary regenerative capacity of planarians is based upon the presence in the adult of a large population of somatic pluripotent stem cells. These cells, called neoblasts, offer a unique system to study the process of stem cell specification and differentiation in vivo. In recent years, FACS-based isolation of neoblasts, RNAi functional analyses as well as high-throughput approaches such as single-cell sequencing have allowed a rapid progress in our understanding of many different aspects of neoblast biology. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on the molecular signatures that define planarian neoblasts heterogeneity, which includes a percentage of truly pluripotent stem cells, and guide the commitment of pluripotent neoblasts into lineage-specific progenitor cells, as well as their differentiation into specific planarian cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dolores Molina
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Cebrià
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Zheng H, Liu H, Xu Q, Wang W, Li L, Ye G, Wen X, Chen F, Yu Y. PI3K Plays an Essential Role in Planarian Regeneration and Tissue Maintenance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649656. [PMID: 34422792 PMCID: PMC8377419 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling plays a central role in various biological processes, and its abnormality leads to a broad spectrum of human diseases, such as cancer, fibrosis, and immunological disorders. However, the mechanisms by which PI3K signaling regulates the behavior of stem cells during regeneration are poorly understood. Planarian flatworms possess abundant adult stem cells (called neoblasts) allowing them to develop remarkable regenerative capabilities, thus the animals represent an ideal model for studying stem cells and regenerative medicine in vivo. In this study, the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Djpi3k, a PI3K ortholog in the planarian Dugesia japonica, was investigated and suggests its potential role in wound response and tissue regeneration. A loss-of-function study was conducted using small molecules and RNA interference technique, providing evidence that PI3K signaling is required for blastema regrowth and cilia maintenance during planarian regeneration and homeostasis. Interestingly, the mitotic and apoptotic responses to amputation are substantially abated in PI3K inhibitor-treated regenerating animals, while knockdown of Djpi3k alleviates the mitotic response and postpones the peak of apoptotic cell death, which may contribute to the varying degrees of regenerative defects induced by the pharmacological and genetic approaches. These observations reveal novel roles for PI3K signaling in the regulation of the cellular responses to amputation during planarian regeneration and provide insights for investigating the disease-related genes in the regeneration-competent organism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxue Zheng
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaomin Wen
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Mohamed TA, Elshamy AI, Ibrahim MAA, Atia MAM, Ahmed RF, Ali SK, Mahdy KA, Alshammari SO, Al-Abd AM, Moustafa MF, Farrag ARH, Hegazy MEF. Gastroprotection against Rat Ulcers by Nephthea Sterol Derivative. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1247. [PMID: 34439913 PMCID: PMC8393318 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Different species belonging to the genus Nephthea (Acyonaceae) are a rich resource for bioactive secondary metabolites. The literature reveals that the gastroprotective effects of marine secondary metabolites have not been comprehensively studied in vivo. Hence, the present investigation aimed to examine and determine the anti-ulcer activity of 4α,24-dimethyl-5α-cholest-8β,18-dihydroxy,22E-en-3β-ol (ST-1) isolated from samples of a Nephthea species. This in vivo study was supported by in silico molecular docking and protein-protein interaction techniques. Oral administration of ST-1 reduced rat stomach ulcers with a concurrent increase in gastric mucosa. Molecular docking calculations against the H+/K+-ATPase transporter showed a higher binding affinity of ST-1, with a docking score value of -9.9 kcal/mol and a pKi value of 59.7 nM, compared to ranitidine (a commercial proton pump inhibitor, which gave values of -6.2 kcal/mol and 27.9 µM, respectively). The combined PEA-reactome analysis results revealed promising evidence of ST-1 potency as an anti-ulcer compound through significant modulation of the gene set controlling the PI3K signaling pathway, which subsequently plays a crucial role in signaling regarding epithelialization and tissue regeneration, tissue repairing and tissue remodeling. These results indicate a probable protective role for ST-1 against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik A. Mohamed
- National Research Centre, Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, 33 El−Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (T.A.M.); (S.K.A.); (M.-E.F.H.)
| | - Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- National Research Centre, Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (A.I.E.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. M. Atia
- Molecular Genetics and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Genome Mapping Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Rania F. Ahmed
- National Research Centre, Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (A.I.E.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Sherin K. Ali
- National Research Centre, Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, 33 El−Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (T.A.M.); (S.K.A.); (M.-E.F.H.)
| | - Karam A. Mahdy
- National Research Centre, Medical Biochemistry Department, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Shifaa O. Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Abd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F. Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Abdel Razik H. Farrag
- National Research Centre, Pathology Department, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy
- National Research Centre, Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, 33 El−Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (T.A.M.); (S.K.A.); (M.-E.F.H.)
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14
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Carbonell M B, Zapata Cardona J, Delgado JP. Hydrogen peroxide is necessary during tail regeneration in juvenile axolotl. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:1054-1076. [PMID: 34129260 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is a key reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during appendage regeneration among vertebrates. However, its role during tail regeneration in axolotl as redox signaling molecule is unclear. RESULTS Treatment with exogenous H2 O2 rescues inhibitory effects of apocynin-induced growth suppression in tail blastema cells leading to cell proliferation. H2 O2 also promotes recruitment of immune cells, regulate the activation of AKT kinase and Agr2 expression during blastema formation. Additionally, ROS/H2 O2 regulates the expression and transcriptional activity of Yap1 and its target genes Ctgf and Areg. CONCLUSIONS These results show that H2 O2 is necessary and sufficient to promote tail regeneration in axolotls. Additionally, Akt signaling and Agr2 were identified as ROS targets, suggesting that ROS/H2 O2 is likely to regulate epimorphic regeneration through these signaling pathways. In addition, ROS/H2 O2 -dependent-Yap1 activity is required during tail regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belfran Carbonell M
- Grupo de Genética, Regeneración y Cáncer, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juliana Zapata Cardona
- Grupo de Investigación en Patobiología Quirón, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jean Paul Delgado
- Grupo de Genética, Regeneración y Cáncer, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia
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15
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Oyebode O, Houreld NN, Abrahamse H. Photobiomodulation in diabetic wound healing: A review of red and near-infrared wavelength applications. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:596-612. [PMID: 33870502 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of a painless, non-invasive, and faster way to diabetic wound healing is at the forefront of research. The complexity associated with diabetic wounds makes it a cause for concern amongst diabetic patients and the world at large. Irradiation of cells generates a photobiomodulatory response on cells and tissues, directly causing alteration of cellular processes and inducing diabetic wound repair. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths is being considered as a promising technique for speeding up the rate of diabetic wound healing, eradication of pain and reduction of inflammation through the alteration of diverse cellular and molecular processes. This review presents the extent to which the potential of red and NIR wavelengths have been harnessed in PBMT for diabetic wound healing. Important research challenges and gaps are identified and discussed, and future directions mapped out. This review thus provides useful insights and strategies into improvement of PBMT, including its acceptance within the global medical research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajumoke Oyebode
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Nicolette Nadene Houreld
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
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16
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Hijioka M, Ikemoto Y, Fukao K, Inoue T, Kobayakawa T, Nishimura K, Takata K, Agata K, Kitamura Y. MEK/ERK Signaling Regulates Reconstitution of the Dopaminergic Nerve Circuit in the Planarian Dugesia japonica. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:2558-2567. [PMID: 33464445 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Planarian Dugesia japonica is a flatworm that can autonomously regenerate its own body after an artificial amputation. A recent report showed the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) pathway in the head morphogenesis during the planarian regeneration process after amputation; however, neuron-specific regeneration mechanisms have not yet been reported. Here, whether MEK/ERK pathway was involved in the dopaminergic neuronal regeneration in planarians was investigated. Planarians regenerated their body within 14 days after amputation; however, the head region morphogenesis was inhibited by MEK inhibitor U0126 (3 or 10 μM). Furthermore, the number of planarian tyrosine hydroxylase (DjTH)-positive dopaminergic neurons in the regenerated head region was also decreased by U0126. The 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a dopaminergic neurotoxin, can decrease the number of dopaminergic neurons; however, planarians can regenerate dopaminergic neurons after injecting 6-OHDA into the intestinal tract. MEK inhibitor PD98059 (30 μM) or U0126 (10 μM) significantly decreased dopaminergic neurons 5 days after the 6-OHDA injection. During the regeneration process of dopaminergic neurons, phosphorylated histone H3 (H3P)-positive stem cells known as "neoblasts" were increased in the head region; however, MEK inhibitors significantly decreased the number of H3P-positive neoblasts. These results suggested that dopaminergic neuronal regeneration in planarian was regulated by the MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Hijioka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.,Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ikemoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fukao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-0031, Japan.,Division of Adaptation Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kobayakawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kaneyasu Nishimura
- Division of Integrated Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Takata
- Division of Integrated Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Agata
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-0031, Japan.,National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Science, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-0867, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kitamura
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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17
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Cwiklinski K, Robinson MW, Donnelly S, Dalton JP. Complementary transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the cellular and molecular processes that drive growth and development of Fasciola hepatica in the host liver. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:46. [PMID: 33430759 PMCID: PMC7797711 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The major pathogenesis associated with Fasciola hepatica infection results from the extensive tissue damage caused by the tunnelling and feeding activity of immature flukes during their migration, growth and development in the liver. This is compounded by the pathology caused by host innate and adaptive immune responses that struggle to simultaneously counter infection and repair tissue damage. Results Complementary transcriptomic and proteomic approaches defined the F. hepatica factors associated with their migration in the liver, and the resulting immune-pathogenesis. Immature liver-stage flukes express ~ 8000 transcripts that are enriched for transcription and translation processes reflective of intensive protein production and signal transduction pathways. Key pathways that regulate neoblast/pluripotent cells, including the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, are particularly dominant and emphasise the importance of neoblast-like cells for the parasite’s rapid development. The liver-stage parasites display different secretome profiles, reflecting their distinct niche within the host, and supports the view that cathepsin peptidases, cathepsin peptidase inhibitors, saposins and leucine aminopeptidases play a central role in the parasite’s destructive migration, and digestion of host tissue and blood. Immature flukes are also primed for countering immune attack by secreting immunomodulating fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) and helminth defence molecules (FhHDM). Combined with published host microarray data, our results suggest that considerable immune cell infiltration and subsequent fibrosis of the liver tissue exacerbates oxidative stress within parenchyma that compels the expression of a range of antioxidant molecules within both host and parasite. Conclusions The migration of immature F. hepatica parasites within the liver is associated with an increase in protein production, expression of signalling pathways and neoblast proliferation that drive their rapid growth and development. The secretion of a defined set of molecules, particularly cathepsin L peptidases, peptidase-inhibitors, saponins, immune-regulators and antioxidants allow the parasite to negotiate the liver micro-environment, immune attack and increasing levels of oxidative stress. This data contributes to the growing F. hepatica -omics information that can be exploited to understand parasite development more fully and for the design of novel control strategies to prevent host liver tissue destruction and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Cwiklinski
- Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Mark W Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - John P Dalton
- Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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18
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Zhang S, Ke Z, Yang C, Zhou P, Jiang H, Chen L, Li Y, Li Q. High Glucose Causes Distinct Expression Patterns of Primary Human Skin Cells by RNA Sequencing. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:603645. [PMID: 33763026 PMCID: PMC7982678 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.603645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-related skin problems represent the most common long-term complications in diabetes mellitus patients. These complications, which include diabetic dermopathy, diabetic blisters, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, and eruptive xanthomatosis, may dramatically impair patients' quality of life and cause long-lasting disability. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms linking diabetes-related hyperglycemia and skin complications are still incompletely understood. To assess the role of the various skin-cell types in hyperglycemia-induced skin disorders, we performed RNA sequencing-based transcriptome analysis, measuring gene expression patterns in biological replicates in normal- and high glucose-stimulated skin cells. Three primary human skin-cell types were examined, i.e., epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and dermal microvascular endothelial cells. For each separate cell type, we identified gene expression. Comparing gene abundances and expression levels revealed that transcription profiles exhibit distinct patterns in the three skin-cell types exposed to normal (i.e., physiological) glucose treatment and high (i.e., supraphysiological) glucose treatment. The obtained data indicate that high glucose induced differential gene expression and distinct activity patterns in signaling pathways in each skin-cell type. We are adding these data to the public database in the hope that they will facilitate future studies to develop novel targeted interventions for diabetic skin complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zunxiang Ke
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanzong Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yiqing Li, ; Qin Li,
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yiqing Li, ; Qin Li,
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19
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The transcriptome of anterior regeneration in earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 48:259-283. [PMID: 33306150 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The oligochaete earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae is capable of regenerating both anterior and posterior segments. The present study focuses on the transcriptome analysis of earthworm E. eugeniae to identify and functionally annotate the key genes supporting the anterior blastema formation and regulating the anterior regeneration of the worm. The Illumina sequencing generated a total of 91,593,182 raw reads which were assembled into 105,193 contigs using CLC genomics workbench. In total, 40,946 contigs were annotated against the NCBI nr and SwissProt database and among them, 15,702 contigs were assigned to 14,575 GO terms. Besides a total of 9389 contigs were mapped to 416 KEGG biological pathways. The RNA-Seq comparison study identified 10,868 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and of them, 3986 genes were significantly upregulated in the anterior regenerated blastema tissue samples of the worm. The GO enrichment analysis showed angiogenesis and unfolded protein binding as the top enriched functions and the pathway enrichment analysis denoted TCA cycle as the most significantly enriched pathway associated with the upregulated gene dataset of the worm. The identified DEGs and their function and pathway information can be effectively utilized further to interpret the key cellular, genetic and molecular events associated with the regeneration of the worm.
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20
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Ziman B, Barghouth PG, Maciel EI, Oviedo NJ. TRAF-like Proteins Regulate Cellular Survival in the Planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. iScience 2020; 23:101665. [PMID: 33134895 PMCID: PMC7586133 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis relies on the timely renewal of cells that have been damaged or have surpassed their biological age. Nonetheless, the underlying molecular mechanism coordinating tissue renewal is unknown. The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea harbors a large population of stem cells that continuously divide to support the restoration of tissues throughout the body. Here, we identify that TNF Receptor Associated Factors (TRAFs) play critical roles in cellular survival during tissue repair in S. mediterranea. Disruption with RNA-interference of TRAF signaling results in rapid morphological defects and lethality within 2 weeks. The TRAF phenotype is accompanied by an increased number of mitoses and cell death. Our results also reveal TRAF signaling is required for proper regeneration of the nervous system. Taken together, we find functional conservation of TRAF-like proteins in S. mediterranea as they act as crucial regulators of cellular survival during tissue homeostasis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ziman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Paul G. Barghouth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Eli Isael Maciel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Néstor J. Oviedo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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21
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Abdel Fattah IO, Nasr El-Din WA. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor improves intervertebral disc degeneration in experimental adult male rats: A microscopic and radiological study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:787-802. [PMID: 33015986 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major contributor to low back pain (LBP). Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) is known to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that may be implicated in intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration. Rats were divided into the following three groups: (i) control group; (ii) IVDD group-the rats underwent Co5/Co6 and Co7/Co8 IVDD operation; and (iii) GCSF-treated group-the rats received daily GCSF subcutaneous injections starting 6 weeks after the IVDD operation and continued for 5 days. All of the rats were euthanized after 8 weeks, and IVDs were assessed by tail X-ray and histopathological, immunohistochemical, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The X-rays showed disc narrowing in the IVDD group that was significantly widened in the GCSF-treated rats. Histologically, the IVDD group showed disarrangement of the annulus fibrosis lamellae, complete degeneration of the nucleus pulposus, and loss of proteoglycan content. These changes were improved after GCSF treatment. Vertebral endplate thickness and cellularity were significantly decreased with IVDD and significantly increased after GCSF treatment. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) immune expression was significantly increased in the IVDD group but decreased in the GCSF-treated group. However, the caspase-3 expression percentage showed no significant difference among the studied groups. TEM showed excessive collagen deposits around the notochordal cells in the IVDD group, which were attenuated in the GCSF-treated group. These results indicate that GCSF improves IVDD and promotes its recovery based on radiological, histological and TEM findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Omar Abdel Fattah
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wael Amin Nasr El-Din
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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22
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Ziman B, Karabinis P, Barghouth P, Oviedo NJ. Sirtuin-1 regulates organismal growth by altering feeding behavior and intestinal morphology in planarians. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs239467. [PMID: 32265271 PMCID: PMC7272345 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient availability upon feeding leads to an increase in body size in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea However, it remains unclear how food consumption integrates with cell division at the organismal level. Here, we show that the NAD-dependent protein deacetylases sirtuins are evolutionarily conserved in planarians, and specifically demonstrate that the homolog of human sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) (encoded by Smed-Sirt-1), regulates organismal growth by impairing both feeding behavior and intestinal morphology. Disruption of Smed-Sirt-1 with RNAi or pharmacological inhibition of Sirtuin-1 leads to reduced animal growth. Conversely, enhancement of Sirtuin-1 activity with resveratrol accelerates growth. Differences in growth rates were associated with changes in the amount of time taken to locate food and overall food consumption. Furthermore, Smed-Sirt-1(RNAi) animals displayed reduced cell death and increased stem cell proliferation accompanied by impaired expression of intestinal lineage progenitors and reduced branching of the gut. Taken together, our findings indicate that Sirtuin-1 is a crucial metabolic hub capable of controlling animal behavior, tissue renewal and morphogenesis of the adult intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ziman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Peter Karabinis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Paul Barghouth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Néstor J Oviedo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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23
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Pascual-Carreras E, Marin-Barba M, Herrera-Úbeda C, Font-Martín D, Eckelt K, de Sousa N, García-Fernández J, Saló E, Adell T. Planarian cell number depends on blitzschnell, a novel gene family that balances cell proliferation and cell death. Development 2020; 147:dev.184044. [PMID: 32122990 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Control of cell number is crucial to define body size during animal development and to restrict tumoral transformation. The cell number is determined by the balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Although many genes are known to regulate those processes, the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between cell number and body size remain poorly understood. This relationship can be better understood by studying planarians, flatworms that continuously change their body size according to nutrient availability. We identified a novel gene family, blitzschnell (bls), that consists of de novo and taxonomically restricted genes that control cell proliferation:cell death ratio. Their silencing promotes faster regeneration and increases cell number during homeostasis. Importantly, this increase in cell number leads to an increase in body size only in a nutrient-rich environment; in starved planarians, silencing results in a decrease in cell size and cell accumulation that ultimately produces overgrowths. bls expression is downregulated after feeding and is related to activity of the insulin/Akt/mTOR network, suggesting that the bls family evolved in planarians as an additional mechanism for restricting cell number in nutrient-fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eudald Pascual-Carreras
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Marta Marin-Barba
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Carlos Herrera-Úbeda
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Daniel Font-Martín
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Kay Eckelt
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Nidia de Sousa
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jordi García-Fernández
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Emili Saló
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Teresa Adell
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics and Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain .,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain
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24
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Barghouth PG, Karabinis P, Venegas A, Oviedo NJ. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-3 Regulates Regeneration in Planarians. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E875. [PMID: 32013251 PMCID: PMC7038108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ADP-ribosylation is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) process that plays fundamental roles in cell signaling. The covalent attachment of ADP ribose polymers is executed by PAR polymerases (PARP) and it is essential for chromatin organization, DNA repair, cell cycle, transcription, and replication, among other critical cellular events. The process of PARylation or polyADP-ribosylation is dynamic and takes place across many tissues undergoing renewal and repair, but the molecular mechanisms regulating this PTM remain mostly unknown. Here, we introduce the use of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea as a tractable model to study PARylation in the complexity of the adult body that is under constant renewal and is capable of regenerating damaged tissues. We identified the evolutionary conservation of PARP signaling that is expressed in planarian stem cells and differentiated tissues. We also demonstrate that Smed-PARP-3 homolog is required for proper regeneration of tissues in the anterior region of the animal. Furthermore, our results demonstrate, Smed-PARP-3(RNAi) disrupts the timely location of injury-induced cell death near the anterior facing wounds and also affects the regeneration of the central nervous system. Our work reveals novel roles for PARylation in large-scale regeneration and provides a simplified platform to investigate PARP signaling in the complexity of the adult body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Barghouth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95340, USA; (P.G.B.); (P.K.); (A.V.)
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95340, USA
| | - Peter Karabinis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95340, USA; (P.G.B.); (P.K.); (A.V.)
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95340, USA
| | - Andie Venegas
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95340, USA; (P.G.B.); (P.K.); (A.V.)
| | - Néstor J. Oviedo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95340, USA; (P.G.B.); (P.K.); (A.V.)
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95340, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95340, USA
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25
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Role of the PI3K/AKT (mTOR and GSK3β) signalling pathway and photobiomodulation in diabetic wound healing. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 50:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Guo Q, Ni J, Zhang F, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Fang H, Tian Q, Zhang S. DjERas plays an important role in planarian regeneration and homeostasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:205-209. [PMID: 31029418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of cell turnover including cell proliferation and cell differentiation were complex. Planarians possess amazing regeneration ability and undergo cell turnover throughout life. We identified a homologous gene of ERas by RNAi in Dugesia japonica. Knocking-down DjERas resulted in regeneration and homeostasis defects. Furthermore, we found that the expression of neoblasts and late progeny marker gene decreased in DjERas RNAi planarians. Our studies indicated that down-regulation of DjERas inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells through the conserved signaling pathway, resulted in the inability of the planarian to regenerate and maintain homeostasis. Our results suggest that DjERas plays a crucial role in the process of cell turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiajia Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huimin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingnan Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Shoutao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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27
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Angerer TB, Chakravarty N, Taylor MJ, Nicora CD, Graham DJ, Anderton CR, Chudler EH, Gamble LJ. Insights into the histology of planarian flatworm Phagocata gracilis based on location specific, intact lipid information provided by GCIB-ToF-SIMS imaging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:733-743. [PMID: 30731132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Planarian flatworms are known as the masters of regeneration, re-growing an entire organism from as little as 1/279th part of their body. While the proteomics of these processes has been studied extensively, the planarian lipodome remains relatively unknown. In this study we investigate the lipid profile of planarian tissue sections with imaging Time-of-Flight - Secondary-Ion-Mass-Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). ToF-SIMS is a label-free technique capable of gathering intact, location specific lipid information on a cellular scale. Lipid identities are confirmed using LC-MS/MS. Our data shows that different organ structures within planarians have unique lipid profiles. The 22-carbon atom poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which occur in unusually high amounts in planarians are found to be mainly located in the testes. Additionally, we observe that planarians contain various odd numbered fatty acid species, that are usually found in bacteria, localized in the reproductive and ectodermal structures of the planarian. An abundance of poorly understood ether fatty acids and ether lipids were found in unique areas in planarians as well as a new, yet unidentified class of potential lipids in planarian intestines. Identifying the location of these lipids in the planarian body provides insights into their bodily functions and, in combination with knowledge about their diet and their genome, enables drawing conclusions about planarian fatty acid processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B Angerer
- NESACBIO, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Neil Chakravarty
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael J Taylor
- NESACBIO, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Carrie D Nicora
- Earth and Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Graham
- NESACBIO, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Christopher R Anderton
- Earth and Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Eric H Chudler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Lara J Gamble
- NESACBIO, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
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28
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Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Wang X, Zhu L, Li H, Wang S, Pan X, Zhao H. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor protects microglia by combining with AKT and by regulating FoxO1/mTOR signaling during neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:2278-2284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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29
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PPARβ/δ: Linking Metabolism to Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072013. [PMID: 29996502 PMCID: PMC6073704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the general belief that regeneration is a rare event, mainly occurring in simple organisms, the ability of regeneration is widely distributed in the animal kingdom. Yet, the efficiency and extent of regeneration varies greatly. Humans can recover from blood loss as well as damage to tissues like bone and liver. Yet damage to the heart and brain cannot be reversed, resulting in scaring. Thus, there is a great interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms of naturally occurring regeneration and to apply this knowledge to repair human organs. During regeneration, injury-activated immune cells induce wound healing, extracellular matrix remodeling, migration, dedifferentiation and/or proliferation with subsequent differentiation of somatic or stem cells. An anti-inflammatory response stops the regenerative process, which ends with tissue remodeling to achieve the original functional state. Notably, many of these processes are associated with enhanced glycolysis. Therefore, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ—which is known to be involved for example in lipid catabolism, glucose homeostasis, inflammation, survival, proliferation, differentiation, as well as mammalian regeneration of the skin, bone and liver—appears to be a promising target to promote mammalian regeneration. This review summarizes our current knowledge of PPARβ/δ in processes associated with wound healing and regeneration.
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30
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Pan LY, Han YQ, Wang YZ, Chen QQ, Wu Y, Sun Y. Mechanism of Yanghe Pingchuan granules treatment for airway remodeling in asthma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1941-1951. [PMID: 29983548 PMCID: PMC6027695 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s159428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Yanghe Pingchuan granules (YPG), a hospital preparation developed by The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, has been used for the clinical treatment of bronchial asthma (BA) for several decades. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of YPG in the treatment of BA. Materials and methods Male Sprague Dawley rats (n=60) were randomly divided into six groups (n=10 per group): control, a BA model, positive drug control (Guilong Kechuanning capsules; a proven effective treatment for BA), and model rats treated with a high, medium, or low dose of YPG. H&E staining was used to detect pathological changes in the bronchial tubes. The mRNA expression levels of PI3K, PKB, PCNA, and AR were determined by real-time PCR, and the protein levels of phospho- (p-)PI3K, p-PKB, p-PCNA, and p-AR were detected by Western blotting. ELISAs were used to detect the expression of PIP2, PIP3 IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and epinephrine (EPI). Results H&E staining demonstrated that BA can be ameliorated using YPG. Real-time PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA indicated that use of YPG decreased expression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway and PCNA, and can also ameliorate the condition kidney Yang deficiency, which is associated with BA in Chinese traditional medicine. Conclusion YPG can attenuate BA therapeutically in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect comprises influences on three features that contribute to BA: the PI3K signaling pathway, cell proliferation, and “kidney-Yang deficiency”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu Pan
- Grade 3 Preparation Laboratory of State Administration of TCM, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China,
| | - Yan Quan Han
- Grade 3 Preparation Laboratory of State Administration of TCM, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China,
| | - Yong Zhong Wang
- Grade 3 Preparation Laboratory of State Administration of TCM, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China,
| | - Qian Qian Chen
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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31
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Tran TA, Gentile L. A lineage CLOUD for neoblasts. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:22-29. [PMID: 29727726 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In planarians, pluripotency can be studied in vivo in the adult animal, making these animals a unique model system where pluripotency-based regeneration (PBR)-and its therapeutic potential-can be investigated. This review focuses on recent findings to build a cloud model of fate restriction likelihood for planarian stem and progenitor cells. Recently, a computational approach based on functional and molecular profiling at the single cell level was proposed for human hematopoietic stem cells. Based on data generated both in vivo and ex vivo, we hypothesized that planarian stem cells could acquire multiple direction lineage biases, following a "badlands" landscape. Instead of a discrete tree-like hierarchy, where the potency of stem/progenitor cells reduces stepwise, we propose a Continuum of LOw-primed UnDifferentiated Planarian Stem/Progenitor Cells (CLOUD-PSPCs). Every subclass of neoblast/progenitor cells is a cloud of likelihood, as the single cell transcriptomics data indicate. The CLOUD-HSPCs concept was substantiated by in vitro data from cell culture; therefore, to confirm the CLOUD-PSPCs model, the planarian community needs to develop new tools, like live cell tracking. Future studies will allow a deeper understanding of PBR in planarian, and the possible implications for regenerative therapies in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Anh Tran
- Pluripotency and Regeneration Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg, 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Luca Gentile
- Pluripotency and Regeneration Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg, 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany; Planarian Stem Cell Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, von-Esmarch-str. 54, 48149, Münster, Germany; Hasselt University - Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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32
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Felix DA, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Ó, Espada L, Thems A, González-Estévez C. It is not all about regeneration: Planarians striking power to stand starvation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:169-181. [PMID: 29705301 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
All living forms, prokaryotes as eukaryotes, have some means of adaptation to food scarcity, which extends the survival chances under extreme environmental conditions. Nowadays we know that dietary interventions, including fasting, extends lifespan of many organisms and can also protect against age-related diseases including in humans. Therefore, the capacity of adapting to periods of food scarcity may have evolved billions of years ago not only to allow immediate organismal survival but also to be able to extend organismal lifespan or at least to lead to a healthier remaining lifespan. Planarians have been the center of attention since more than two centuries because of their astonishing power of full body regeneration that relies on a large amount of adult stem cells or neoblasts. However, they also present an often-overlooked characteristic. They are able to stand long time starvation. Planarians have adapted to periods of fasting by shrinking or degrowing. Here we will review the published data about starvation in planarians and conclude with the possibility of starvation being one of the processes that rejuvenate the planarian, thus explaining the historical notion of non-ageing planarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Felix
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Óscar Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lilia Espada
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Thems
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Cristina González-Estévez
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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33
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DNA damage and tissue repair: What we can learn from planaria. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:145-159. [PMID: 29727725 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Faithful renewal of aging and damaged tissues is central to organismal lifespan. Stem cells (SCs) generate the cellular progeny that replenish adult tissues across the body but this task becomes increasingly compromised over time. The age related decline in SC-mediated tissue maintenance is a multifactorial event that commonly affects genome integrity. The presence of DNA damage in SCs that are under continuous demand to divide poses a great risk for age-related disorders such as cancer. However, performing analysis of SCs with genomic instability and the DNA damage response during tissue renewal present significant challenges. Here we introduce an alternative experimental system based on the planaria flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea to address at the organismal level studies intersecting SC-mediated tissue renewal in the presence of genomic instability. Planaria have abundant SCs (neoblasts) that maintain high rates of cellular turnover and a variety of molecular tools have been developed to induce DNA damage and dissect how neoblasts respond to this stressor. S. mediterranea displays high evolutionary conservation of DNA repair mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating adult SCs. We describe genetically induced-DNA damage models and highlight body-wide signals affecting cellular decisions such as survival, proliferation, and death in the presence of genomic instability. We also discuss transcriptomic changes in the DNA damage response during injury repair and propose DNA repair as key component of tissue regeneration. Additional studies using planaria will provide insights about mechanisms regulating survival and growth of cells with DNA damage during tissue renewal and regeneration.
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Ricci L, Srivastava M. Wound-induced cell proliferation during animal regeneration. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7:e321. [PMID: 29719123 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many animal species are capable of replacing missing tissues that are lost upon injury or amputation through the process of regeneration. Although the extent of regeneration is variable across animals, that is, some animals can regenerate any missing cell type whereas some can only regenerate certain organs or tissues, regulated cell proliferation underlies the formation of new tissues in most systems. Notably, many species display an increase in proliferation within hours or days upon wounding. While different cell types proliferate in response to wounding in various animal taxa, comparative molecular data are beginning to point to shared wound-induced mechanisms that regulate cell division during regeneration. Here, we synthesize current insights about early molecular pathways of regeneration from diverse model and emerging systems by considering these species in their evolutionary contexts. Despite the great diversity of mechanisms underlying injury-induced cell proliferation across animals, and sometimes even in the same species, similar pathways for proliferation have been implicated in distantly related species (e.g., small diffusible molecules, signaling from apoptotic cells, growth factor signaling, mTOR and Hippo signaling, and Wnt and Bmp pathways). Studies that explicitly interrogate molecular and cellular regenerative mechanisms in understudied animal phyla will reveal the extent to which early pathways in the process of regeneration are conserved or independently evolved. This article is categorized under: Comparative Development and Evolution > Body Plan Evolution Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration Comparative Development and Evolution > Model Systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ricci
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mansi Srivastava
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Strand NS, Allen JM, Zayas RM. Post-translational regulation of planarian regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:58-68. [PMID: 29705300 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most mammals cannot easily overcome degenerative disease or traumatic injuries. In contrast, an innate ability to regenerate is observed across animal phyla. Freshwater planarians are amongst the organisms that are capable of stem cell-mediated whole-body regeneration and have served as an exemplary model to study how pluripotency is maintained and regulated in vivo. Here, we review findings on the role of post-translational modifications and the genes regulating phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and chromatin remodeling in planarian regeneration. Furthermore, we discuss how technological advances for identifying cellular targets of these processes will fill gaps in our knowledge of the signaling mechanisms that underlie regeneration in planarians, which should inform how tissue repair can be stimulated in non-regenerative model organisms and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Strand
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - John M Allen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Ricardo M Zayas
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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Thiruvalluvan M, Barghouth PG, Tsur A, Broday L, Oviedo NJ. SUMOylation controls stem cell proliferation and regional cell death through Hedgehog signaling in planarians. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1285-1301. [PMID: 29098326 PMCID: PMC7083543 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying anteroposterior body axis differences during adult tissue maintenance and regeneration are poorly understood. Here, we identify that post-translational modifications through the SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) machinery are evolutionarily conserved in the Lophotrocozoan Schmidtea mediterranea. Disruption of SUMOylation in adult animals by RNA-interference of the only SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9 leads to a systemic increase in DNA damage and a remarkable regional defect characterized by increased cell death and loss of the posterior half of the body. We identified that Ubc9 is mainly expressed in planarian stem cells (neoblasts) but it is also transcribed in differentiated cells including neurons. Regeneration in Ubc9(RNAi) animals is impaired and associated with low neoblast proliferation. We present evidence indicating that Ubc9-induced regional cell death is preceded by alterations in transcription and spatial expression of repressors and activators of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that SUMOylation acts as a regional-specific cue to regulate cell fate during tissue renewal and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Thiruvalluvan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Paul G Barghouth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Assaf Tsur
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Limor Broday
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Néstor J Oviedo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, USA.
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, USA.
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Dong Z, Chu G, Sima Y, Chen G. Djhsp90s are crucial regulators during planarian regeneration and tissue homeostasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:723-728. [PMID: 29555472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 family members (HSP90s), as molecular chaperones, have conserved roles in the physiological processes of eukaryotes regulating cytoprotection, increasing host resistance and so on. However, whether HSP90s affect regeneration in animals is unclear. Planarians are emerging models for studying regeneration in vivo. Here, the roles of three hsp90 genes from planarian Dugesia japonica are investigated by WISH and RNAi. The results show that: (1) Djhsp90s expressions are induced by heat and cold shock, tissue damage and ionic liquid; (2) Djhsp90s mRNA are mainly distributed each side of the body in intact worms as well as blastemas in regenerative worms; (3) the worms show head regression, lysis, the body curling and the regeneration arrest or even failure after Djhsp90s RNAi; (4) Djhsp90s are involved in autophagy and locomotion of the body. The research results suggest that Djhsp90s are not only conserved in cytoprotection, but also involved in homeostasis maintenance and regeneration process by regulating different pathways in planarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Dong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Gengbo Chu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yingxu Sima
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Guangwen Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
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