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Astudillo-Clavijo V, Varella H, Mankis T, López-Fernández H. Historical Field Records Reveal Habitat as an Ecological Correlate of Locomotor Phenotypic Diversity in the Radiation of Neotropical Geophagini Fishes. Am Nat 2024; 204:147-164. [PMID: 39008839 DOI: 10.1086/730783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
AbstractPhenotypic macroevolutionary studies provide insight into how ecological processes shape biodiversity. However, the complexity of phenotype-ecology relationships underscores the importance of also validating phenotype-based ecological inference with direct evidence of resource use. Unfortunately, macroevolutionary-scale ecological studies are often hindered by the challenges of acquiring taxonomically and spatially representative ecological data for large and widely distributed clades. The South American cichlid fish tribe Geophagini represents a continentally distributed radiation whose early locomotor morphological divergence suggests habitat as one ecological correlate of diversification, but an association between locomotor traits and habitat preference has not been corroborated. Field notes accumulated over decades of collecting across South America provide firsthand environmental records that can be mined for habitat data in support of macroevolutionary ecological research. In this study, we applied a newly developed method to transform descriptive field note information into quantitative habitat data and used it to assess habitat preference and its relationship to locomotor morphology in Geophagini. Field note-derived data shed light on geophagine habitat use patterns and reinforced habitat as an ecological correlate of locomotor morphological diversity. Our work emphasizes the rich data potential of museum collections, including often-overlooked material such as field notes, for evolutionary and ecological research.
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2
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Jónsdóttir GÓ, von Elm LM, Ingimarsson F, Tersigni S, Snorrason SS, Pálsson A, Steele SE. Diversity in the internal functional feeding elements of sympatric morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300359. [PMID: 38771821 PMCID: PMC11108142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity of functional feeding anatomy is particularly impressive in fishes and correlates with various interspecific ecological specializations. Intraspecific polymorphism can manifest in divergent feeding morphology and ecology, often along a benthic-pelagic axis. Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is a freshwater salmonid known for morphological variation and sympatric polymorphism and in Lake Þingvallavatn, Iceland, four morphs of charr coexist that differ in preferred prey, behaviour, habitat use, and external feeding morphology. We studied variation in six upper and lower jaw bones in adults of these four morphs using geometric morphometrics and univariate statistics. We tested for allometric differences in bone size and shape among morphs, morph effects on bone size and shape, and divergence along the benthic-pelagic axis. We also examined the degree of integration between bone pairs. We found differences in bone size between pelagic and benthic morphs for two bones (dentary and premaxilla). There was clear bone shape divergence along a benthic-pelagic axis in four bones (dentary, articular-angular, premaxilla and maxilla), as well as allometric shape differences between morphs in the dentary. Notably for the dentary, morph explained more shape variation than bone size. Comparatively, benthic morphs possess a compact and taller dentary, with shorter dentary palate, consistent with visible (but less prominent) differences in external morphology. As these morphs emerged in the last 10,000 years, these results indicate rapid functional evolution of specific feeding structures in arctic charr. This sets the stage for studies of the genetics and development of rapid and parallel craniofacial evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura-Marie von Elm
- Institute of Life- and Environmental Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Samuel Tersigni
- Institute of Life- and Environmental Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Arnar Pálsson
- Institute of Life- and Environmental Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sarah Elizabeth Steele
- Institute of Life- and Environmental Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada
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3
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DeHaan LM, Burns MD, Egan JP, Bloom DD. Diadromy Drives Elevated Rates of Trait Evolution and Ecomorphological Convergence in Clupeiformes (Herring, Shad, and Anchovies). Am Nat 2023; 202:830-850. [PMID: 38033182 DOI: 10.1086/726894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMigration can have a profound influence on rates and patterns of phenotypic evolution. Diadromy is the migration between marine and freshwater habitats for feeding and reproduction that can require individuals to travel tens to thousands of kilometers. The high energetic demands of diadromy are predicted to select for ecomorphological traits that maximize swimming and locomotor efficiency. Intraspecific studies have shown repeated instances of divergence among diadromous and nondiadromous populations in locomotor and foraging traits, which suggests that at a macroevolutionary scale diadromous lineages may experience convergent evolution onto one or multiple adaptive optima. We tested for differences in rates and patterns of phenotypic evolution among diadromous and nondiadromous lineages in Clupeiformes, a clade that has evolved diadromy more than 10 times. Our results show that diadromous clupeiforms show convergent evolution for some locomotor traits and faster rates of evolution, which we propose are adaptive responses to the locomotor demands of migration. We also find evidence that diadromous lineages show convergence into multiple regions of multivariate trait space and suggest that these respective trait spaces are associated with differences in migration and trophic ecology. However, not all locomotor traits and no trophic traits show evidence of convergence or elevated rates of evolution associated with diadromy. Our results show that long-distance migration influences the tempo and patterns of phenotypic evolution at macroevolutionary scales, but there is not a single diadromous syndrome.
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4
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Burress ED, Muñoz MM. Phenotypic rate and state are decoupled in response to river-to-lake transitions in cichlid fishes. Evolution 2023; 77:2365-2377. [PMID: 37624672 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Geographic access to isolated ecosystems is an important catalyst of adaptive radiation. Cichlid fishes repeatedly colonized rift, crater, and volcanic lakes from surrounding rivers. We test the "lake effect" on the phenotypic rate and state across 253 cichlid species. The rate of evolution was consistently higher (~10-fold) in lakes, and consistent across different dimensions of the phenotype. Rate shifts tended to occur coincident with or immediately following river-to-lake transitions, generally resulting in 2- to 5-fold faster rates than in the founding riverine lineage. By contrast, river- and lake-dwelling cichlids exhibit considerable overlap in phenotypes, generally with less disparity in lakes, but often different evolutionary optima. Taken together, these results suggest that lake radiations rapidly expand into niches largely already represented by ancestral riverine lineages, albeit in different frequencies. Lakes may provide ecological opportunity via ecological release (e.g., from predators/competitors) but need not be coupled with access to novel ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Burress
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Martha M Muñoz
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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5
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Nanglu K, de Carle D, Cullen TM, Anderson EB, Arif S, Castañeda RA, Chang LM, Iwama RE, Fellin E, Manglicmot RC, Massey MD, Astudillo‐Clavijo V. The nature of science: The fundamental role of natural history in ecology, evolution, conservation, and education. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10621. [PMID: 37877102 PMCID: PMC10591213 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a contemporary trend in many major research institutions to de-emphasize the importance of natural history education in favor of theoretical, laboratory, or simulation-based research programs. This may take the form of removing biodiversity and field courses from the curriculum and the sometimes subtle maligning of natural history research as a "lesser" branch of science. Additional threats include massive funding cuts to natural history museums and the maintenance of their collections, the extirpation of taxonomists across disciplines, and a critical under-appreciation of the role that natural history data (and other forms of observational data, including Indigenous knowledge) play in the scientific process. In this paper, we demonstrate that natural history knowledge is integral to any competitive science program through a comprehensive review of the ways in which they continue to shape modern theory and the public perception of science. We do so by reviewing how natural history research has guided the disciplines of ecology, evolution, and conservation and how natural history data are crucial for effective education programs and public policy. We underscore these insights with contemporary case studies, including: how understanding the dynamics of evolutionary radiation relies on natural history data; methods for extracting novel data from museum specimens; insights provided by multi-decade natural history programs; and how natural history is the most logical venue for creating an informed and scientifically literate society. We conclude with recommendations aimed at students, university faculty, and administrators for integrating and supporting natural history in their mandates. Fundamentally, we are all interested in understanding the natural world, but we can often fall into the habit of abstracting our research away from its natural contexts and complexities. Doing so risks losing sight of entire vistas of new questions and insights in favor of an over-emphasis on simulated or overly controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karma Nanglu
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Danielle de Carle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Invertebrate ZoologyRoyal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Thomas M. Cullen
- Department of GeosciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
- Negaunee Integrative Research CenterField Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Erika B. Anderson
- The HunterianUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Department of Earth and SpaceRoyal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Suchinta Arif
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Rowshyra A. Castañeda
- Ecosystems and Ocean SciencesPacific Region, Fisheries and Oceans CanadaSidneyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Rafael Eiji Iwama
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Erica Fellin
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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6
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Reis-Júnior J, Bertrand A, Frédou T, Vasconcelos-Filho J, Aparecido KC, Duarte-Neto PJ. Community-scale relationships between body shape and trophic ecology in tropical demersal marine fish of northeast Brazil. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:1017-1028. [PMID: 36794454 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Functional morphology investigates the relationships between morphological characters and external factors, such as environmental, physical and ecological features. Here, we evaluate the functional relationships between body shape and trophic ecology of a tropical demersal marine fish community using geometric morphometrics techniques and modelling, hypothesizing that shape variables could partially explain fish trophic level. Fish were collected over the continental shelf of northeast Brazil (4-9°S). Analysed fish were distributed into 14 orders, 34 families and 72 species. Each individual was photographed in lateral view, and 18 landmarks were distributed along the body. A principal component analysis (PCA) applied on morphometric indices revealed that fish body elongation and fin base shape were the main axes of variation explaining the morphology. Low trophic levels (herbivore and omnivore) are characterized by deep bodies and longer dorsal and anal fin bases, while predators present elongated bodies and narrow fin bases. Fin position (dorsal and anal fins) on the fish body is another important factor contributing to (i) body stability at high velocity (top predators) or (ii) manoeuvrability (low trophic levels). Using multiple linear regression, we verified that 46% of trophic level variability could be explained by morphometric variables, with trophic level increasing with body elongation and size. Interestingly, intermediate trophic categories (e.g., low predators) presented morphological divergence for a given trophic level. Our results, which can likely be expanded to other tropical and nontropical systems, show that morphometric approaches can provide important insights into fish functional characteristics, especially in trophic ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josafá Reis-Júnior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biometria e Estatística Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Departamento de Estatística e Informática, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Arnaud Bertrand
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Sète, France
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Thierry Frédou
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Jonas Vasconcelos-Filho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biometria e Estatística Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Departamento de Estatística e Informática, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Kátia C Aparecido
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Sète, France
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Paulo J Duarte-Neto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biometria e Estatística Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Departamento de Estatística e Informática, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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7
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Easterling CM, Kolmann MA, O'Donnell MK. The Lesser-Known Transitions: Organismal Form and Function Across Abiotic Gradients. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:829-839. [PMID: 35927766 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
From minute-to-minute changes, or across daily, seasonal, or geological timescales, animals are forced to navigate dynamic surroundings. Their abiotic environment is continually changing. These changes could include alterations to the substrates animals locomote on, flow dynamics of the microhabitats they feed in, or even altitudinal shifts over migration routes. The only constancy in any organism's day-to-day existence is the heterogeneity of the habitats they move through and the gradients in the physical media (e.g., air, water) they live in. We explored a broad range of organismal transitions across abiotic gradients and investigated how these organisms modify their form, function, and behavior to accommodate their surrounding media. We asked the following questions: (1) What are some challenges common to animals in changing media or moving between media? (2) What are common solutions to these recurring problems? (3) How often are these common solutions instances of either convergence or parallelism? Our symposium speakers explored these questions through critical analysis of numerous datasets spanning multiple taxa, timescales, and levels of analysis. After discussions with our speakers, we suggest that the role of physical principles (e.g., drag, gravity, buoyancy, viscosity) in constraining morphology and shaping the realized niche has been underappreciated. We recommend that investigations of these transitions and corresponding adaptations should include comparisons at multiple levels of biological organization and timescale. Relatedly, studies of organisms that undergo habitat and substrate changes over ontogeny would be worthwhile to include in comparisons. Future researchers should ideally complement lab-based morphological and kinematic studies with observational and experimental approaches in the field. Synthesis of the findings of our speakers across multiple study systems, timescales, and transitional habitats suggests that behavioral modification and exaptation of morphology play key roles in modulating novel transitions between substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Easterling
- Northwest University, Science Department, Kirkland, WA 98033
| | - M A Kolmann
- University of Michigan, Museum of Paleontology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - M K O'Donnell
- Lycoming College, Biology Department, Williamsport, PA 17701
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8
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Astudillo-Clavijo V, Stiassny MLJ, Ilves KL, Musilova Z, Salzburger W, López-Fernández H. Exon-based phylogenomics and the relationships of African cichlid fishes: tackling the challenges of reconstructing phylogenies with repeated rapid radiations. Syst Biol 2022; 72:134-149. [PMID: 35880863 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African cichlids (subfamily: Pseudocrenilabrinae) are among the most diverse vertebrates, and their propensity for repeated rapid radiation has made them a celebrated model system in evolutionary research. Nonetheless, despite numerous studies, phylogenetic uncertainty persists, and riverine lineages remain comparatively underrepresented in higher-level phylogenetic studies. Heterogeneous gene histories resulting from incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and hybridization are likely sources of uncertainty, especially during episodes of rapid speciation. We investigate relationships of Pseudocrenilabrinae and its close relatives while accounting for multiple sources of genetic discordance using species tree and hybrid network analyses with hundreds of single-copy exons. We improve sequence recovery for distant relatives, thereby extending the taxonomic reach of our probes, with a hybrid reference guided/de novo assembly approach. Our analyses provide robust hypotheses for most higher-level relationships and reveal widespread gene heterogeneity, including in riverine taxa. ILS and past hybridization are identified as sources of genetic discordance in different lineages. Sampling of various Blenniiformes (formerly Ovalentaria) adds strong phylogenomic support for convict blennies (Pholidichthyidae) as sister to Cichlidae, and points to other potentially useful protein-coding markers across the order. A reliable phylogeny with representatives from diverse environments will support ongoing taxonomic and comparative evolutionary research in the cichlid model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Astudillo-Clavijo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada.,Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, M5S 2C6, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Melanie L J Stiassny
- Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, 10024-5102, USA
| | - Katriina L Ilves
- Research & Collections, Zoology, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, K1P 6P4, Canada
| | - Zuzana Musilova
- Department of Zoology, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague, CZ-128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hernán López-Fernández
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada.,Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, M5S 2C6, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
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9
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Urban S, Gerwin J, Hulsey CD, Meyer A, Kratochwil CF. The repeated evolution of stripe patterns is correlated with body morphology in the adaptive radiations of East African cichlid fishes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8568. [PMID: 35154652 PMCID: PMC8820146 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Color patterns are often linked to the behavioral and morphological characteristics of an animal, contributing to the effectiveness of such patterns as antipredatory strategies. Species-rich adaptive radiations, such as the freshwater fish family Cichlidae, provide an exciting opportunity to study trait correlations at a macroevolutionary scale. Cichlids are also well known for their diversity and repeated evolution of color patterns and body morphology. To study the evolutionary dynamics between color patterns and body morphology, we used an extensive dataset of 461 species. A phylogenetic supertree of these species shows that stripe patterns evolved ~70 times independently and were lost again ~30 times. Moreover, stripe patterns show strong signs of correlated evolution with body elongation, suggesting that the stripes' effectiveness as antipredatory strategy might differ depending on the body shape. Using pedigree-based analyses, we show that stripes and body elongation segregate independently, indicating that the two traits are not genetically linked. Their correlation in nature is therefore likely maintained by correlational selection. Lastly, by performing a mate preference assay using a striped CRISPR-Cas9 mutant of a nonstriped species, we show that females do not differentiate between striped CRISPR mutant males and nonstriped wild-type males, suggesting that these patterns might be less important for species recognition and mate choice. In summary, our study suggests that the massive rates of repeated evolution of stripe patterns are shaped by correlational selection with body elongation, but not by sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Urban
- Chair in Zoology and Evolutionary BiologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Jan Gerwin
- Chair in Zoology and Evolutionary BiologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - C. Darrin Hulsey
- Chair in Zoology and Evolutionary BiologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Present address:
School of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity College DublinBelfieldIreland
| | - Axel Meyer
- Chair in Zoology and Evolutionary BiologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Claudius F. Kratochwil
- Chair in Zoology and Evolutionary BiologyDepartment of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Present address:
Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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10
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Hauser FE, Ilves KL, Schott RK, Alvi E, López-Fernández H, Chang BSW. Evolution, inactivation and loss of short wavelength-sensitive opsin genes during the diversification of Neotropical cichlids. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1688-1703. [PMID: 33569886 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural variation in the number, expression and function of sensory genes in an organism's genome is often tightly linked to different ecological and evolutionary forces. Opsin genes, which code for the first step in visual transduction, are ideal models for testing how ecological factors such as light environment may influence visual system adaptation. Neotropical cichlid fishes are a highly ecologically diverse group that evolved in a variety of aquatic habitats, including black (stained), white (opaque) and clear waters. We used cross-species exon capture to sequence Neotropical cichlid short wavelength-sensitive (SWS) opsins, which mediate ultraviolet (UV) to blue visual sensitivity. Neotropical cichlid SWS1 opsin (UV-sensitive) underwent a relaxation of selective constraint during the early phases of cichlid diversification in South America, leading to pseudogenization and loss. Conversely, SWS2a (blue-sensitive) experienced a burst of episodic positive selection at the base of the South American cichlid radiation. This burst coincides with SWS1 relaxation and loss, and is consistent with findings in ecomorphological studies characterizing a period of extensive ecological divergence in Neotropical cichlids. We use ancestral sequence reconstruction and protein modelling to investigate mutations along this ancestral branch that probably modified SWS2a function. Together, our results suggest that variable light environments played a prominent early role in shaping SWS opsin diversity during the Neotropical cichlid radiation. Our results also illustrate that long-term evolution under light-limited conditions in South America may have reduced visual system plasticity; specifically, early losses of UV sensitivity may have constrained the evolutionary trajectory of Neotropical cichlid vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances E Hauser
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katriina L Ilves
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan K Schott
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Alvi
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hernán López-Fernández
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Belinda S W Chang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Lucas KN, Lauder GV, Tytell ED. Airfoil-like mechanics generate thrust on the anterior body of swimming fishes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10585-10592. [PMID: 32341168 PMCID: PMC7229684 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919055117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior body of many fishes is shaped like an airfoil turned on its side. With an oscillating angle to the swimming direction, such an airfoil experiences negative pressure due to both its shape and pitching movements. This negative pressure acts as thrust forces on the anterior body. Here, we apply a high-resolution, pressure-based approach to describe how two fishes, bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill), swimming in the carangiform mode, the most common fish swimming mode, generate thrust on their anterior bodies using leading-edge suction mechanics, much like an airfoil. These mechanics contrast with those previously reported in lampreys-anguilliform swimmers-which produce thrust with negative pressure but do so through undulatory mechanics. The thrust produced on the anterior bodies of these carangiform swimmers through negative pressure comprises 28% of the total thrust produced over the body and caudal fin, substantially decreasing the net drag on the anterior body. On the posterior region, subtle differences in body shape and kinematics allow trout to produce more thrust than bluegill, suggesting that they may swim more effectively. Despite the large phylogenetic distance between these species, and differences near the tail, the pressure profiles around the anterior body are similar. We suggest that such airfoil-like mechanics are highly efficient, because they require very little movement and therefore relatively little active muscular energy, and may be used by a wide range of fishes since many species have appropriately shaped bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey N Lucas
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
| | - George V Lauder
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Eric D Tytell
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
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12
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Kolmann MA, Burns MD, Ng JYK, Lovejoy NR, Bloom DD. Habitat transitions alter the adaptive landscape and shape phenotypic evolution in needlefishes (Belonidae). Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3769-3783. [PMID: 32313635 PMCID: PMC7160164 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat occupancy can have a profound influence on macroevolutionary dynamics, and a switch in major habitat type may alter the evolutionary trajectory of a lineage. In this study, we investigate how evolutionary transitions between marine and freshwater habitats affect macroevolutionary adaptive landscapes, using needlefishes (Belonidae) as a model system. We examined the evolution of body shape and size in marine and freshwater needlefishes and tested for phenotypic change in response to transitions between habitats. Using micro-computed tomographic (µCT) scanning and geometric morphometrics, we quantified body shape, size, and vertebral counts of 31 belonid species. We then examined the pattern and tempo of body shape and size evolution using phylogenetic comparative methods. Our results show that transitions from marine to freshwater habitats have altered the adaptive landscape for needlefishes and expanded morphospace relative to marine taxa. We provide further evidence that freshwater taxa attain reduced sizes either through dwarfism (as inferred from axial skeletal reduction) or through developmental truncation (as inferred from axial skeletal loss). We propose that transitions to freshwater habitats produce morphological novelty in response to novel prey resources and changes in locomotor demands. We find that repeated invasions of different habitats have prompted predictable changes in morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Kolmann
- Department of Biological SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
- Friday Harbor LaboratoriesUniversity of WashingtonFriday HarborWAUSA
| | - Michael D. Burns
- Cornell Lab of OrnithologyCornell University Museum of VertebratesIthacaNYUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMIUSA
| | - Justin Y. K. Ng
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Nathan R. Lovejoy
- Department of Biological ScienceUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada
| | - Devin D. Bloom
- Department of Biological Sciences & Institute of the Environment and SustainabilityWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMIUSA
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13
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Arbour JH, Montaña CG, Winemiller KO, Pease AA, Soria-Barreto M, Cochran-Biederman JL, López-Fernández H. Macroevolutionary analyses indicate that repeated adaptive shifts towards predatory diets affect functional diversity in Neotropical cichlids. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
During adaptive radiation, diversification within clades is limited by adaptation to the available ecological niches, and this may drive patterns of both trait and species diversity. However, adaptation to disparate niches may result in varied impacts on the timing, pattern and rate of morphological evolution. In this study, we examined the relationship between feeding ecology and functional diversification across a diverse clade of freshwater fishes, the Neotropical cichlids. Species dietary niches were ordinated via multivariate analysis of stomach content data. We investigated changes in the rate and pattern of morphological diversification associated with feeding, including dietary niche and degree of dietary specialization. A major division in dietary niche space was observed between predators that consume fish and macroinvertebrates vs. other groups with diets dominated by small invertebrates, detritus or vegetation. These trophic niches were strongly associated with groupings defined by functional morphospace. Clades within the piscivore/macroinvertivore group rarely transitioned to other dietary niches. Comparatively, high dietary specialization enhanced functional diversification, driving the evolution of more extreme morphologies. Divergent patterns of trophic diversification among Neotropical cichlids appear to derive from different performance demands in regional abiotic and biotic environments associated with biogeographical history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Arbour
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Carmen G Montaña
- Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - Kirk O Winemiller
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Allison A Pease
- Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Miriam Soria-Barreto
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, CONACYT - El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico
| | | | - Hernán López-Fernández
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Wagner Werneck Félix da Costa G, de Bello Cioffi M, Liehr T, Feldberg E, Antonio Carlos Bertollo L, Franco Molina W. Extensive Chromosomal Reorganization in Apistogramma Fishes (Cichlidae, Cichlinae) Fits the Complex Evolutionary Diversification of the Genus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4077. [PMID: 31438504 PMCID: PMC6747227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neotropical cichlid fishes are one of the most diversified and evolutionarily successful species assemblages. Extremely similar forms and intraspecific polychromatism present challenges for the taxonomy of some of these groups. Several species complexes have a largely unknown origin and unresolved evolutionary processes. Dwarf cichlids of the genus Apistogramma, comprising more than a hundred species, exhibit intricate taxonomic and biogeographic patterns, with both allopatric and sympatric distributions. However, karyotype evolution and the role of chromosomal changes in Apistogramma are still unknown. In the present study, nine South American Apistogramma species were analyzed using conventional cytogenetic methods and the mapping of repetitive DNA sequences [18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and (TTAGGG)n] by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our results showed that Apistogramma has unique cytogenetic characteristics in relation to closely related groups, such as a reduced 2n and a large number of bi-armed chromosomes. Interspecific patterns revealed a scenario of remarkable karyotypic changes, including a reduction of 2n, the occurrence of B-chromosomes and evolutionary dynamic of rDNA tandem repeats. In addition to the well-known pre-zygotic reproductive isolation, the karyotype reorganization in the genus suggests that chromosomal changes could act as postzygotic barriers in areas where Apistogramma congeners overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Laboratório de Genética Animal, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Franco Molina
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
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15
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Signatures of echolocation and dietary ecology in the adaptive evolution of skull shape in bats. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2036. [PMID: 31048713 PMCID: PMC6497661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological diversity may arise rapidly as a result of adaptation to novel ecological opportunities, but early bursts of trait evolution are rarely observed. Rather, models of discrete shifts between adaptive zones may better explain macroevolutionary dynamics across radiations. To investigate which of these processes underlie exceptional levels of morphological diversity during ecological diversification, we use modern phylogenetic tools and 3D geometric morphometric datasets to examine adaptive zone shifts in bat skull shape. Here we report that, while disparity was established early, bat skull evolution is best described by multiple adaptive zone shifts. Shifts are partially decoupled between the cranium and mandible, with cranial evolution more strongly driven by echolocation than diet. Phyllostomidae, a trophic adaptive radiation, exhibits more adaptive zone shifts than all other families combined. This pattern was potentially driven by ecological opportunity and facilitated by a shift to intermediate cranial shapes compared to oral-emitters and other nasal emitters. What drives changes in morphological diversity? Here, Arbour et al. analyse skull 3D shape evolution across the bat radiation using µCT scan data, finding two phases of skull shape diversification, early adaptive shifts related to echolocation, and more recent shifts related to diet transitions.
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16
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Slater GJ, Friscia AR. Hierarchy in adaptive radiation: A case study using the Carnivora (Mammalia). Evolution 2019; 73:524-539. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham J. Slater
- Department of the Geophysical SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicago Illinois 60637
| | - Anthony R. Friscia
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles California 90095
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17
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García-Navas V, Rodríguez-Rey M, Marki PZ, Christidis L. Environmental determinism, and not interspecific competition, drives morphological variability in Australasian warblers (Acanthizidae). Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3871-3882. [PMID: 29721264 PMCID: PMC5916309 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interspecific competition is thought to play a key role in determining the coexistence of closely related species within adaptive radiations. Competition for ecological resources can lead to different outcomes from character displacement to, ultimately, competitive exclusion. Accordingly, divergent natural selection should disfavor those species that are the most similar to their competitor in resource use, thereby increasing morphological disparity. Here, we examined ecomorphological variability within an Australo‐Papuan bird radiation, the Acanthizidae, which include both allopatric and sympatric complexes. In addition, we investigated whether morphological similarities between species are related to environmental factors at fine scale (foraging niche) and/or large scale (climate). Contrary to that predicted by the competition hypothesis, we did not find a significant correlation between the morphological similarities found between species and their degree of range overlap. Comparative modeling based on both a priori and data‐driven identification of selective regimes suggested that foraging niche is a poor predictor of morphological variability in acanthizids. By contrast, our results indicate that climatic conditions were an important factor in the formation of morphological variation. We found a significant negative correlation between species scores for PC1 (positively associated to tarsus length and tail length) and both temperature and precipitation, whereas PC2 (positively associated to bill length and wing length) correlated positively with precipitation. In addition, we found that species inhabiting the same region are closer to each other in morphospace than to species outside that region regardless of genus to which they belong or its foraging strategy. Our results indicate that the conservative body form of acanthizids is one that can work under a wide variety of environments (an all‐purpose morphology), and the observed interspecific similarity is probably driven by the common response to environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente García-Navas
- Department of Integrative Ecology Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC) Seville Spain
| | | | - Petter Z Marki
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark.,Natural History Museum University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Les Christidis
- National Marine Science Centre Southern Cross University Lismore NSW Australia.,School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
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18
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Arbour J, López-Fernández H. Intrinsic Constraints on the Diversification of Neotropical Cichlid Adductor Mandibulae Size. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:216-226. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Arbour
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Wilcocks Street Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada
- Department of Biology; University of Washington; 508 Kincaid, Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Hernán López-Fernández
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Wilcocks Street Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada
- Department of Natural History; Royal Ontario Museum; 100 Queen's Park, Toronto Ontario M5S 2C6 Canada
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19
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Ilves KL, Torti D, López-Fernández H. Exon-based phylogenomics strengthens the phylogeny of Neotropical cichlids and identifies remaining conflicting clades (Cichliformes: Cichlidae: Cichlinae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 118:232-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Hauser FE, Ilves KL, Schott RK, Castiglione GM, López-Fernández H, Chang BSW. Accelerated Evolution and Functional Divergence of the Dim Light Visual Pigment Accompanies Cichlid Colonization of Central America. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:2650-2664. [PMID: 28957507 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cichlids encompass one of the most diverse groups of fishes in South and Central America, and show extensive variation in life history, morphology, and colouration. While studies of visual system evolution in cichlids have focussed largely on the African rift lake species flocks, Neotropical cichlids offer a unique opportunity to investigate visual system evolution at broader temporal and geographic scales. South American cichlid colonization of Central America has likely promoted accelerated rates of morphological evolution in Central American lineages as they encountered reduced competition, renewed ecological opportunity, and novel aquatic habitats. To investigate whether such transitions have influenced molecular evolution of vision in Central American cichlids, we sequenced the dim-light rhodopsin gene in 101 Neotropical cichlid species, spanning the diversity of the clade. We find strong evidence for increased rates of evolution in Central American cichlid rhodopsin relative to South American lineages, and identify several sites under positive selection in rhodopsin that likely contribute to adaptation to different photic environments. We expressed a Neotropical cichlid rhodopsin protein invitro for the first time, and found that while its spectral tuning properties were characteristic of typical vertebrate rhodopsin pigments, the rate of decay of its active signalling form was much slower, consistent with dim light adaptation in other vertebrate rhodopsins. Using site-directed mutagenesis combined with spectroscopic assays, we found that a key amino acid substitution present in some Central American cichlids accelerates the rate of decay of active rhodopsin, which may mediate adaptation to clear water habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances E Hauser
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katriina L Ilves
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY
| | - Ryan K Schott
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gianni M Castiglione
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hernán López-Fernández
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Belinda S W Chang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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García-Roa R, Jara M, Baeckens S, López P, Van Damme R, Martín J, Pincheira-Donoso D. Macroevolutionary diversification of glands for chemical communication in squamate reptiles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9288. [PMID: 28839252 PMCID: PMC5570929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical communication plays a central role in social, sexual and ecological interactions among animals. However, the macroevolutionary diversification of traits responsible for chemical signaling remains fundamentally unknown. Most research investigating evolutionary diversification of glands responsible for the production of chemical signals has focused on arthropods, while its study among vertebrates remains neglected. Using a global-scale dataset covering > 80% (7,904 species) of the living diversity of lizards and snakes (squamates), we investigate rates, trajectories and phylogenetic patterns of diversification of their follicular glands for chemical communication. We observed these glands in 13.66% of species, that their expression has varying phylogenetic signal among lineages, and that the crown squamate ancestor lacked follicular glands, which therefore originated and diversified subsequently during their evolutionary history. Additionally, our findings challenge the longstanding view that within squamates the Iguania are visually oriented while Scleroglossa are chemically-oriented, given that Iguania doubles Scleroglossa in the frequency of glands. Our phylogenetic analyses identified stabilizing selection as the best model describing follicular gland diversification, and revealed high rates of disparity. We provide the first global-scale analysis investigating the diversification of one of the main forms of communication among reptiles, presenting a macroevolutionary angle to questions traditionally explored at microevolutionary scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto García-Roa
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences - Spanish Research Council (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain. .,Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Brayford Campus, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom.
| | - Manuel Jara
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Brayford Campus, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Baeckens
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Functional Morphology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pilar López
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences - Spanish Research Council (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raoul Van Damme
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Functional Morphology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - José Martín
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences - Spanish Research Council (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Pincheira-Donoso
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Brayford Campus, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
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22
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García-Roa R, Jara M, López P, Martín J, Pincheira-Donoso D. Heterogeneous tempo and mode of evolutionary diversification of compounds in lizard chemical signals. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1286-1296. [PMID: 28303197 PMCID: PMC5306189 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Important part of the multivariate selection shaping social and interspecific interactions among and within animal species emerges from communication. Therefore, understanding the diversification of signals for animal communication is a central endeavor in evolutionary biology. Over the last decade, the rapid development of phylogenetic approaches has promoted a stream of studies investigating evolution of communication signals. However, comparative research has primarily focused on visual and acoustic signals, while the evolution of chemical signals remains largely unstudied. An increasing interest in understanding the evolution of chemical communication has been inspired by the realization that chemical signals underlie some of the major interaction channels in a wide range of organisms. In lizards, in particular, chemosignals play paramount roles in female choice and male-male competition, and during community assembly and speciation. Here, using phylogenetic macro-evolutionary modeling, we show for the very first time that multiple compounds of scents for communication in lizards have diversified following highly different evolutionary speeds and trajectories. Our results suggest that cholesterol, α-tocopherol, and cholesta-5,7-dien-3-ol have been subject to stabilizing selection (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model), whereas the remaining compounds are better described by Brownian motion modes of evolution. Additionally, the diversification of the individual compounds has accumulated substantial relative disparity over time. Thus, our study reveals that the chemical components of lizard chemosignals have proliferated across different species following compound-specific directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto García-Roa
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MNCN-CSIC) Madrid Spain; Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Adaptations School of Life Sciences Joseph Banks Laboratories University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
| | - Manuel Jara
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Adaptations School of Life Sciences Joseph Banks Laboratories University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
| | - Pilar López
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MNCN-CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | - José Martín
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MNCN-CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | - Daniel Pincheira-Donoso
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Adaptations School of Life Sciences Joseph Banks Laboratories University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
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23
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Maestri R, Monteiro LR, Fornel R, Upham NS, Patterson BD, Freitas TRO. The ecology of a continental evolutionary radiation: Is the radiation of sigmodontine rodents adaptive? Evolution 2017; 71:610-632. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Maestri
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS 91501 Brazil
- Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Chicago Illinois 60605
| | - Leandro Rabello Monteiro
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, CBB Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Campos dos Goytacazes RJ 28013 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fornel
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões Campus Erechim RS 99709 Brazil
| | - Nathan S. Upham
- Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Chicago Illinois 60605
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511
| | - Bruce D. Patterson
- Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Chicago Illinois 60605
| | - Thales Renato Ochotorena Freitas
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS 91501 Brazil
- Departamento de Genética Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS 91501 Brazil
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24
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Dirt-sifting devilfish: winnowing in the geophagine cichlid Satanoperca daemon and evolutionary implications. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Varella HR, Zuanon J, Kullander SO, López-Fernández H. Teleocichla preta, a new species of cichlid from the Rio Xingu Basin in Brazil (Teleostei: Cichlidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:1551-1569. [PMID: 27349202 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Teleocichla preta nov. sp. inhabits the rapids along the Rio Xingu and lower portion of the Rio Iriri. It is the largest species in the genus, reaching 121·3 mm standard length (LS ) while others do not reach more than 87·8 mm LS . Teleocichla preta is distinguished from all other species of Teleocichla by the unique blackish (in live specimens) or dark brown (preserved specimens) overall colouration of the body, which masks the faint vertical bars or zig-zag pattern of blotches on the flanks. Teleocichla preta also has a deeper body and a deep laterally compressed caudal peduncle, unlike any other congener, as well as a stout lower pharyngeal tooth plate bearing molariform teeth on its median area.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Varella
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42494, 04218-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Zuanon
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Caixa Postal 2223, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 69080-971, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - S O Kullander
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H López-Fernández
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, ON, M5S 2C6, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
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26
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Feilich KL. Correlated evolution of body and fin morphology in the cichlid fishes. Evolution 2016; 70:2247-2267. [PMID: 27470271 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Body and fin shapes are chief determinants of swimming performance in fishes. Different configurations of body and fin shapes can suit different locomotor specializations. The success of any configuration is dependent upon the hydrodynamic interactions between body and fins. Despite the importance of body-fin interactions for swimming, there are few data indicating whether body and fin configurations evolve in concert, or whether these structures vary independently. The cichlid fishes are a diverse family whose well-studied phylogenetic relationships make them ideal for the study of macroevolution of ecomorphology. This study measured body, and caudal and median fin morphology from radiographs of 131 cichlid genera, using morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods to determine whether these traits exhibit correlated evolution. Partial least squares canonical analysis revealed that body, caudal fin, dorsal fin, and anal fin shapes all exhibited strong correlated evolution consistent with locomotor ecomorphology. Major patterns included the evolution of deep body profiles with long fins, suggestive of maneuvering specialization; and the evolution of narrow, elongate caudal peduncles with concave tails, a combination that characterizes economical cruisers. These results demonstrate that body shape evolution does not occur independently of other traits, but among a suite of other morphological changes that augment locomotor specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Feilich
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138.
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27
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Colombo M, Indermaur A, Meyer BS, Salzburger W. Habitat use and its implications to functional morphology: niche partitioning and the evolution of locomotory morphology in Lake Tanganyikan cichlids (Perciformes: Cichlidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colombo
- Zoological Institute; University of Basel; Vesalgasse 1 CH 4051 Basel Switzerland
| | - Adrian Indermaur
- Zoological Institute; University of Basel; Vesalgasse 1 CH 4051 Basel Switzerland
| | - Britta S. Meyer
- Zoological Institute; University of Basel; Vesalgasse 1 CH 4051 Basel Switzerland
- Marine Ecology; Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Düsternbrooker Weg 20 D-24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute; University of Basel; Vesalgasse 1 CH 4051 Basel Switzerland
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28
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Loureiro M, Zarucki M, Malabarba LR, González-Bergonzoni I. A new species of Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro from Uruguay (Teleostei: Cichliformes). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20150082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We describe a new species of a substrate-brooding Gymnogeophagus , based on coloration characters. The new species can be distinguished from the remaining substrate-brooding species in the genus by the unique pigmentation of the dorsal fin which consists of light blue, diagonal stripes over a red background in the spiny section and a combination of round, elliptic, and elongated bright blue spots over a red background in the soft section. It can be further distinguished from all other species of Gymnogeophagus by the following combination of characters: a discontinuous bright blue band above the upper lateral line in the humeral area, light blue roundish spots over a red to orange background on the anal fin, and conspicuous bright blue horizontal bands on body. The new species inhabits a wide range of freshwater habitats in the lower rio Uruguay basin, Rio de la Plata coastal drainages and Atlantic Ocean coastal drainages in Uruguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Loureiro
- Universidad de la República, Uruguay; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Uruguay
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Astudillo-Clavijo V, Arbour JH, López-Fernández H. Selection towards different adaptive optima drove the early diversification of locomotor phenotypes in the radiation of Neotropical geophagine cichlids. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:77. [PMID: 25928151 PMCID: PMC4435830 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Simpson envisaged a conceptual model of adaptive radiation in which lineages diversify into “adaptive zones” within a macroevolutionary adaptive landscape. However, only a handful of studies have empirically investigated this adaptive landscape and its consequences for our interpretation of the underlying mechanisms of phenotypic evolution. In fish radiations the evolution of locomotor phenotypes may represent an important dimension of ecomorphological diversification given the implications of locomotion for feeding and habitat use. Neotropical geophagine cichlids represent a newly identified adaptive radiation and provide a useful system for studying patterns of locomotor diversification and the implications of selective constraints on phenotypic divergence in general. Results We use multivariate ordination, models of phenotypic evolution and posterior predictive approaches to investigate the macroevolutionary adaptive landscape and test for evidence of early divergence of locomotor phenotypes in Geophagini. The evolution of locomotor phenotypes was characterized by selection towards at least two distinct adaptive peaks and the early divergence of modern morphological disparity. One adaptive peak included the benthic and epibenthic invertivores and was characterized by fishes with deep, laterally compressed bodies that optimize precise, slow-swimming manoeuvres. The second adaptive peak resulted from a shift in adaptive optima in the species-rich ram-feeding/rheophilic Crenicichla-Teleocichla clade and was characterized by species with streamlined bodies that optimize fast starts and rapid manoeuvres. Evolutionary models and posterior predictive approaches favoured an early shift to a new adaptive peak over decreasing rates of evolution as the underlying process driving the early divergence of locomotor phenotypes. Conclusions The influence of multiple adaptive peaks on the divergence of locomotor phenotypes in Geophagini is compatible with the expectations of an ecologically driven adaptive radiation. This study confirms that the diversification of locomotor phenotypes represents an important dimension of phenotypic evolution in the geophagine adaptive radiation. It also suggests that the commonly observed early burst of phenotypic evolution during adaptive radiations may be better explained by the concentration of shifts to new adaptive peaks deep in the phylogeny rather than overall decreasing rates of evolution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0348-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Astudillo-Clavijo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Wilcocks St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Jessica H Arbour
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Wilcocks St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Hernán López-Fernández
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Wilcocks St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada. .,Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C6, Canada.
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