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Sheng H, Ai C, Yang C, Zhu C, Meng Z, Wu F, Wang X, Dou D, Morris PF, Zhang X. A conserved oomycete effector RxLR23 triggers plant defense responses by targeting ERD15La to release NbNAC68. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6336. [PMID: 39068146 PMCID: PMC11283518 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Oomycete pathogens deliver many effectors to enhance virulence or suppress plant immunity. Plant immune networks are interconnected, in which a few effectors can trigger a strong defense response when recognized by immunity-related proteins. How effectors activate plant defense response remains poorly understood. Here we report Phytophthora capsici effector RxLR23KM can induce plant cell death and plant immunity. RxLR23KM specifically binds to ERD15La, a regulator of abscisic acid and salicylic acid pathway, and the binding intensity depends on the amino acid residues (K93 and M320). NbNAC68, a downstream protein of ERD15La, can stimulate plant immunity that is compromised after binding with ERD15La. Silencing of NbNAC68 substantially prevents the activation of plant defense response. RxLR23KM binds to ERD15La, releasing NbNAC68 to activate plant immunity. These findings highlight a strategy of plant defense response that ERD15La as a central regulator coordinates RxLR23KM to regulate NbNAC68-triggered plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Congcong Ai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Cancan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zhe Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Paul F Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43043, USA
| | - Xiuguo Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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2
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Li L, Wang M, Huang L, Zheng X, Wang L, Miao H. Ataxin-2: a powerful RNA-binding protein. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:298. [PMID: 39039334 PMCID: PMC11263328 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) was originally discovered in the context of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), but it has become a key player in various neurodegenerative diseases. This review delves into the multifaceted roles of ATXN2 in human diseases, revealing its diverse molecular and cellular pathways. The impact of ATXN2 on diseases extends beyond functional outcomes; it mainly interacts with various RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to regulate different stages of post-transcriptional gene expression in diseases. With the progress of research, ATXN2 has also been found to play an important role in the development of various cancers, including breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, and esophageal cancer. This comprehensive exploration underscores the crucial role of ATXN2 in the pathogenesis of diseases and warrants further investigation by the scientific community. By reviewing the latest discoveries on the regulatory functions of ATXN2 in diseases, this article helps us understand the complex molecular mechanisms of a series of human diseases related to this intriguing protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lai Huang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Hongming Miao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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3
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Tang Y, Yang X, Huang A, Seong K, Ye M, Li M, Zhao Q, Krasileva K, Gu Y. Proxiome assembly of the plant nuclear pore reveals an essential hub for gene expression regulation. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:1005-1017. [PMID: 38773271 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is vital for nucleocytoplasmic communication. Recent evidence emphasizes its extensive association with proteins of diverse functions, suggesting roles beyond cargo transport. Yet, our understanding of NPC's composition and functionality at this extended level remains limited. Here, through proximity-labelling proteomics, we uncover both local and global NPC-associated proteome in Arabidopsis, comprising over 500 unique proteins, predominantly associated with NPC's peripheral extension structures. Compositional analysis of these proteins revealed that the NPC concentrates chromatin remodellers, transcriptional regulators and mRNA processing machineries in the nucleoplasmic region while recruiting translation regulatory machinery on the cytoplasmic side, achieving a remarkable orchestration of the genetic information flow by coupling RNA transcription, maturation, transport and translation regulation. Further biochemical and structural modelling analyses reveal that extensive interactions with nucleoporins, along with phase separation mediated by substantial intrinsically disordered proteins, may drive the formation of the unexpectedly large nuclear pore proteome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangyun Yang
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Aobo Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kyungyong Seong
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mao Ye
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ksenia Krasileva
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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4
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The ATXN2 Orthologs CID3 and CID4, Act Redundantly to In-Fluence Developmental Pathways throughout the Life Cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063068. [PMID: 33802796 PMCID: PMC8002431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key elements involved in post-transcriptional regulation. Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) is an evolutionarily conserved RBP protein, whose function has been studied in several model organisms, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the Homo sapiens. ATXN2 interacts with poly(A) binding proteins (PABP) and binds to specific sequences at the 3'UTR of target mRNAs to stabilize them. CTC-Interacting Domain3 (CID3) and CID4 are two ATXN2 orthologs present in plant genomes whose function is unknown. In the present study, phenotypical and transcriptome profiling were used to examine the role of CID3 and CID4 in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that they act redundantly to influence pathways throughout the life cycle. cid3cid4 double mutant showed a delay in flowering time and a reduced rosette size. Transcriptome profiling revealed that key factors that promote floral transition and floral meristem identity were downregulated in cid3cid4 whereas the flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) was upregulated. Expression of key factors in the photoperiodic regulation of flowering and circadian clock pathways, were also altered in cid3cid4, as well as the expression of several transcription factors and miRNAs encoding genes involved in leaf growth dynamics. These findings reveal that ATXN2 orthologs may have a role in developmental pathways throughout the life cycle of plants.
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5
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de Moura SM, Rossi ML, Artico S, Grossi-de-Sa MF, Martinelli AP, Alves-Ferreira M. Characterization of floral morphoanatomy and identification of marker genes preferentially expressed during specific stages of cotton flower development. PLANTA 2020; 252:71. [PMID: 33001252 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of anther and ovule developmental programs and expression analyses of stage-specific floral marker genes in Gossypium hirsutum allowed to build a comprehensive portrait of cotton flower development before fiber initiation. Gossypium hirsutum is the most important cotton species that is cultivated worldwide. Although cotton reproductive development is important for fiber production, since fiber is formed on the epidermis of mature ovules, cotton floral development remains poorly understood. Therefore, this work aims to characterize the cotton floral morphoanatomy by performing a detailed description of anther and ovule developmental programs and identifying stage-specific floral marker genes in G. hirsutum. Using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we analyzed anther and ovule development during 11 stages of flower development. To better characterize the ovule development in cotton, we performed histochemical analyses to evaluate the accumulation of phenolic compounds, pectin, and sugar in ovule tissues. After identification of major hallmarks of floral development, three key stages were established in G. hirsutum floral development: in stage 1 (early-EF), sepal, petal, and stamen primordia were observed; in stage 2 (intermediate-IF), primordial ovules and anthers are present, and the differentiating archesporial cells were observed, marking the beginning of microsporogenesis; and in stage 6 (late-LF), flower buds presented initial anther tapetum degeneration and microspore were released from the tetrad, and nucellus and both inner and outer integuments are developing. We used transcriptome data of cotton EF, IF and LF stages to identify floral marker genes and evaluated their expression by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Twelve marker genes were preferentially expressed in a stage-specific manner, including the putative homologs for AtLEAFY, AtAPETALA 3, AtAGAMOUS-LIKE 19 and AtMALE STERILITY 1, which are crucial for several aspects of reproductive development, such as flower organogenesis and anther and petal development. We also evaluated the expression profile of B-class MADS-box genes in G. hirsutum floral transcriptome (EF, IF, and LF). In addition, we performed a comparative analysis of developmental programs between Arabidopsis thaliana and G. hirsutum that considered major morphoanatomical and molecular processes of flower, anther, and ovule development. Our findings provide the first detailed analysis of cotton flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéfanie Menezes de Moura
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, s/n, Prédio do CCS, Instituto de Biologia, 2° andar, sala A2-93, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 219410-970, Brazil
| | - Mônica Lanzoni Rossi
- University of São Paulo, USP-CENA, Av. Centenário 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-903, Brazil
| | - Sinara Artico
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, s/n, Prédio do CCS, Instituto de Biologia, 2° andar, sala A2-93, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 219410-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Fátima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (final), Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília, DF, CEP 70770-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Alves-Ferreira
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, s/n, Prédio do CCS, Instituto de Biologia, 2° andar, sala A2-93, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 219410-970, Brazil.
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6
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Roda FA, Marques I, Batista-Santos P, Esquível MG, Ndayiragije A, Lidon FC, Swamy BPM, Ramalho JC, Ribeiro-Barros AI. Rice Biofortification With Zinc and Selenium: A Transcriptomic Approach to Understand Mineral Accumulation in Flag Leaves. Front Genet 2020; 11:543. [PMID: 32733530 PMCID: PMC7359728 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human malnutrition due to micronutrient deficiencies, particularly with regards to Zinc (Zn) and Selenium (Se), affects millions of people around the world, and the enrichment of staple foods through biofortification has been successfully used to fight hidden hunger. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the staple foods most consumed in countries with high levels of malnutrition. However, it is poor in micronutrients, which are often removed during grain processing. In this study, we have analyzed the transcriptome of rice flag leaves biofortified with Zn (900 g ha-1), Se (500 g ha-1), and Zn-Se. Flag leaves play an important role in plant photosynthesis and provide sources of metal remobilization for developing grains. A total of 3170 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The expression patterns and gene ontology of DEGs varied among the three sets of biofortified plants and were limited to specific metabolic pathways related to micronutrient mobilization and to the specific functions of Zn (i.e., its enzymatic co-factor/coenzyme function in the biosynthesis of nitrogenous compounds, carboxylic acids, organic acids, and amino acids) and Se (vitamin biosynthesis and ion homeostasis). The success of this approach should be followed in future studies to understand how landraces and other cultivars respond to biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Adriano Roda
- Ministério de Agricultura e Segurança Alimentar, Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Moçambique, Centro Zonal Noroeste, Lichinga, Mozambique
- Universidade Eduardo Mondlane-Centro de Biotechnologia, Maputo, Mozambique
- PlantStress&Biodiversity Lab, Forest Research Center (IM, JCR, AIRB) and Linking, Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (PBS, MGE), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques
- PlantStress&Biodiversity Lab, Forest Research Center (IM, JCR, AIRB) and Linking, Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (PBS, MGE), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Batista-Santos
- PlantStress&Biodiversity Lab, Forest Research Center (IM, JCR, AIRB) and Linking, Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (PBS, MGE), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Glória Esquível
- PlantStress&Biodiversity Lab, Forest Research Center (IM, JCR, AIRB) and Linking, Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (PBS, MGE), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexis Ndayiragije
- International Rice Research Institute, Maputo, Mozambique
- International Rice Research Institute, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Fernando Cebola Lidon
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - B. P. Mallikarjuna Swamy
- International Rice Research Institute, Maputo, Mozambique
- International Rice Research Institute, Laguna, Philippines
| | - José Cochicho Ramalho
- PlantStress&Biodiversity Lab, Forest Research Center (IM, JCR, AIRB) and Linking, Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (PBS, MGE), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros
- PlantStress&Biodiversity Lab, Forest Research Center (IM, JCR, AIRB) and Linking, Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (PBS, MGE), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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7
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Werth EG, McConnell EW, Couso Lianez I, Perrine Z, Crespo JL, Umen JG, Hicks LM. Investigating the effect of target of rapamycin kinase inhibition on the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii phosphoproteome: from known homologs to new targets. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:247-260. [PMID: 30040123 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a conserved regulator of cell growth whose activity is modulated in response to nutrients, energy and stress. Key proteins involved in the pathway are conserved in the model photosynthetic microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, but the substrates of TOR kinase and downstream signaling network have not been elucidated. Our study provides a new resource for investigating the phosphorylation networks governed by the TOR kinase pathway in Chlamydomonas. We used quantitative phosphoproteomics to investigate the effects of inhibiting Chlamydomonas TOR kinase on dynamic protein phosphorylation. Wild-type and AZD-insensitive Chlamydomonas strains were treated with TOR-specific chemical inhibitors (rapamycin, AZD8055 and Torin1), after which differentially affected phosphosites were identified. Our quantitative phosphoproteomic dataset comprised 2547 unique phosphosites from 1432 different proteins. Inhibition of TOR kinase caused significant quantitative changes in phosphorylation at 258 phosphosites, from 219 unique phosphopeptides. Our results include Chlamydomonas homologs of TOR signaling-related proteins, including a site on RPS6 with a decrease in phosphorylation. Additionally, phosphosites on proteins involved in translation and carotenoid biosynthesis were identified. Follow-up experiments guided by these phosphoproteomic findings in lycopene beta/epsilon cyclase showed that carotenoid levels are affected by TORC1 inhibition and carotenoid production is under TOR control in algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Werth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Evan W McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Inmaculada Couso Lianez
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Zoee Perrine
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Jose L Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - James G Umen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Leslie M Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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8
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de Melo Neto OP, da Costa Lima TDC, Merlo KC, Romão TP, Rocha PO, Assis LA, Nascimento LM, Xavier CC, Rezende AM, Reis CRS, Papadopoulou B. Phosphorylation and interactions associated with the control of the Leishmania Poly-A Binding Protein 1 (PABP1) function during translation initiation. RNA Biol 2018; 15:739-755. [PMID: 29569995 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1445958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Poly-A Binding Protein (PABP) is a conserved eukaryotic polypeptide involved in many aspects of mRNA metabolism. During translation initiation, PABP interacts with the translation initiation complex eIF4F and enhances the translation of polyadenylated mRNAs. Schematically, most PABPs can be divided into an N-terminal RNA-binding region, a non-conserved linker segment and the C-terminal MLLE domain. In pathogenic Leishmania protozoans, three PABP homologues have been identified, with the first one (PABP1) targeted by phosphorylation and shown to co-immunoprecipitate with an eIF4F-like complex (EIF4E4/EIF4G3) implicated in translation initiation. Here, PABP1 phosphorylation was shown to be linked to logarithmic cell growth, reminiscent of EIF4E4 phosphorylation, and coincides with polysomal association. Phosphorylation targets multiple serine-proline (SP) or threonine-proline (TP) residues within the PABP1 linker region. This is an essential protein, but phosphorylation is not needed for its association with polysomes or cell viability. Mutations which do impair PABP1 polysomal association and are required for viability do not prevent phosphorylation, although further mutations lead to a presumed inactive protein largely lacking phosphorylated isoforms. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments were carried out to investigate PABP1 function further, identifying several novel protein partners and the EIF4E4/EIF4G3 complex, but no other eIF4F-like complex or subunit. A novel, direct interaction between PABP1 and EIF4E4 was also investigated and found to be mediated by the PABP1 MLLE binding to PABP Interacting Motifs (PAM2) within the EIF4E4 N-terminus. The results shown here are consistent with phosphorylation of PABP1 being part of a novel pathway controlling its function and possibly translation in Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kleison C Merlo
- a Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Tatiany P Romão
- a Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | | | - Ludmila A Assis
- a Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | | | - Camila C Xavier
- a Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | | | | | - Barbara Papadopoulou
- c CHU de Quebec Research Center and Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunology , Laval University , Quebec , QC , Canada
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9
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Auburger G, Sen NE, Meierhofer D, Başak AN, Gitler AD. Efficient Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases by Depletion of Starvation Response Factor Ataxin-2. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:507-516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Ataxin-2: From RNA Control to Human Health and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8060157. [PMID: 28587229 PMCID: PMC5485521 DOI: 10.3390/genes8060157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins play fundamental roles in the regulation of molecular processes critical to cellular and organismal homeostasis. Recent studies have identified the RNA-binding protein Ataxin-2 as a genetic determinant or risk factor for various diseases including spinocerebellar ataxia type II (SCA2) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), amongst others. Here, we first discuss the increasingly wide-ranging molecular functions of Ataxin-2, from the regulation of RNA stability and translation to the repression of deleterious accumulation of the RNA-DNA hybrid-harbouring R-loop structures. We also highlight the broader physiological roles of Ataxin-2 such as in the regulation of cellular metabolism and circadian rhythms. Finally, we discuss insight from clinically focused studies to shed light on the impact of molecular and physiological roles of Ataxin-2 in various human diseases. We anticipate that deciphering the fundamental functions of Ataxin-2 will uncover unique approaches to help cure or control debilitating and lethal human diseases.
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11
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Carmo-Silva S, Nobrega C, Pereira de Almeida L, Cavadas C. Unraveling the Role of Ataxin-2 in Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:309-318. [PMID: 28117213 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ataxin-2 is a polyglutamine protein implicated in several biological processes such as RNA metabolism and cytoskeleton reorganization. Ataxin-2 is highly expressed in various tissues including the hypothalamus, a brain region that controls food intake and energy balance. Ataxin-2 expression is influenced by nutritional status. Emerging studies discussed here now show that ataxin-2 deficiency correlates with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, an action mediated via the mTOR pathway, suggesting that ataxin-2 might play key roles in metabolic homeostasis including body weight regulation, insulin sensitivity, and cellular stress responses. In this review we also discuss the relevance of ataxin-2 in the hypothalamic regulation of energy balance, and its potential as a therapeutic target in metabolic disorders such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carmo-Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Clevio Nobrega
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Claudia Cavadas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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12
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Seidel G, Meierhofer D, Şen NE, Guenther A, Krobitsch S, Auburger G. Quantitative Global Proteomics of Yeast PBP1 Deletion Mutants and Their Stress Responses Identifies Glucose Metabolism, Mitochondrial, and Stress Granule Changes. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:504-515. [PMID: 27966978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The yeast protein PBP1 is implicated in very diverse pathways. Intriguingly, its deletion mitigates the toxicity of human neurodegeneration factors. Here, we performed label-free quantitative global proteomics to identify crucial downstream factors, either without stress or under cell stress conditions (heat and NaN3). Compared to the wildtype BY4741 strain, PBP1 deletion always triggered downregulation of the key bioenergetics enzyme KGD2 and the prion protein RNQ1 as well as upregulation of the leucine biosynthesis enzyme LEU1. Without stress, enrichment of stress response factors was consistently detected for both deletion mutants; upon stress, these factors were more pronounced. The selective analysis of components of stress granules and P-bodies revealed a prominent downregulation of GIS2. Our yeast data are in good agreement with a global proteomics and metabolomics publication that the PBP1 ortholog ATAXIN-2 (ATXN2) knockout (KO) in mouse results in mitochondrial deficits in leucine/fatty acid catabolism and bioenergetics, with an obesity phenotype. Furthermore, our data provide the completely novel insight that PBP1 mutations in stress periods involve GIS2, a plausible scenario in view of previous data that both PBP1 and GIS2 relocalize from ribosomes to stress granules, interact with poly(A)-binding protein in translation regulation and prevent mitochondrial precursor overaccumulation stress (mPOS). This may be relevant for human diseases like spinocerebellar ataxias, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Seidel
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nesli-Ece Şen
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School , Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anika Guenther
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Krobitsch
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School , Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Sen NE, Drost J, Gispert S, Torres-Odio S, Damrath E, Klinkenberg M, Hamzeiy H, Akdal G, Güllüoğlu H, Başak AN, Auburger G. Search for SCA2 blood RNA biomarkers highlights Ataxin-2 as strong modifier of the mitochondrial factor PINK1 levels. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 96:115-126. [PMID: 27597528 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) polyglutamine domain expansions of large size result in an autosomal dominantly inherited multi-system-atrophy of the nervous system named spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), while expansions of intermediate size act as polygenic risk factors for motor neuron disease (ALS and FTLD) and perhaps also for Levodopa-responsive Parkinson's disease (PD). In view of the established role of ATXN2 for RNA processing in periods of cell stress and the expression of ATXN2 in blood cells such as platelets, we investigated whether global deep RNA sequencing of whole blood from SCA2 patients identifies a molecular profile which might serve as diagnostic biomarker. The bioinformatic analysis of SCA2 blood global transcriptomics revealed various significant effects on RNA processing pathways, as well as the pathways of Huntington's disease and PD where mitochondrial dysfunction is crucial. Notably, an induction of PINK1 and PARK7 expression was observed. Conversely, expression of Pink1 was severely decreased upon global transcriptome profiling of Atxn2-knockout mouse cerebellum and liver, in parallel to strong effects on Opa1 and Ghitm, which encode known mitochondrial dynamics regulators. These results were validated by quantitative PCR and immunoblots. Starvation stress of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells led to a transcriptional phasic induction of ATXN2 in parallel to PINK1, and the knockdown of one enhanced the expression of the other during stress response. These findings suggest that ATXN2 may modify the known PINK1 roles for mitochondrial quality control and autophagy during cell stress. Given that PINK1 is responsible for autosomal recessive juvenile PD, this genetic interaction provides a concept how the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and the Parkinson phenotype may be triggered by ATXN2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesli Ece Sen
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jessica Drost
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sylvia Torres-Odio
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Ewa Damrath
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael Klinkenberg
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Hamid Hamzeiy
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülden Akdal
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Halil Güllüoğlu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - A Nazlı Başak
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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