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DNA barcodes evidence the contact zone of eastern and western caddisfly lineages in the Western Carpathians. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24020. [PMID: 34912013 PMCID: PMC8674257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The region of the Western Carpathians is, among other aspects, very important for survival and diversity of European freshwater fauna due to the presence of a large number of (sub)mountain springs and streams. However, these ecologically and faunistically diversified habitats are still understudied in the context of genetic diversity and population structure of their inhabitants. This study focuses on genetic diversity and distribution patterns of the caddisfly Rhyacophila tristis, common and widespread representative of mountain freshwater fauna. Analysis of the COI mitochondrial marker revealed presence of the western and eastern lineages, with samples from both lineages being grouped in BOLD (Barcode of Life Data System) into separate BINs (Barcode Index Numbers). Our data indicates that eastern lineage (BIN_E) is more closely related to the Balkan populations than to co-occurring western lineage (BIN_W), and that the contact zone of the lineages passes through the W Carpathians. The study revealed phylogeographic and demographic differences between lineages, supporting hypothesis of their evolutionary independence and specific ecological preferences. The obtained genetic data of the R. tristis population from W Carpathians improved our knowledge about population genetics of this aquatic species and can contribute to understanding the state and evolution of biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems in Europe.
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2
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Hrivniak Ľ, Sroka P, Bojková J, Godunko RJ, Soldán T, Staniczek AH. The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 146:106735. [PMID: 32001364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A common hypothesis for the high biodiversity of mountains is the diversification driven by orogeny creating conditions for rapid in situ speciation of resident lineages. The Caucasus is a young mountain system considered as a biodiversity hotspot; however, the origin and evolution of its diversity remain poorly understood. This study focuses on mayflies of the subgenus Caucasiron, one of the most diversified stenotopic mayflies inhabiting various types of streams throughout the Caucasus. Using the time-calibrated phylogeny based on two mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and three nuclear (EF-1α, wg, 28S) gene fragments, we tested the role of Caucasian orogeny in biogeography, diversification patterns, and altitudinal diversification of Caucasiron mayflies. We found that orogeny promoted the lineage diversification of Caucasiron in the Miocene. The highest diversification rate corresponding with the uplift of mountains was followed by a significant slowdown towards the present suggesting minor influence of Pleistocene climatic oscillations on the speciation. The Caucasiron lineages cluster into three principal clades originating in the Upper Miocene. We found a strong support that one of the three clades diversified via allopatric speciation in the Greater Caucasus isolated in the Parathetys Sea. The other two clades originating most likely outside the Greater Caucasus diversified towards high and low altitude, respectively, indicating possible role of climatic factors and/or passive uplift on their differentiation. Current high Caucasiron diversity in the Greater Caucasus is a result of in situ speciation and later immigration from adjacent mountain ranges after the Parathetys Sea retreat. Our phylogeny supported the monophyly of Rhithrogeninae, Epeorus s.l., Caucasiron, and Iron. Epeorus subgenus Ironopsis was found paraphyletic, with its European representatives more closely related to Epeorus s.str. than to Iron. Therefore, we re-arranged taxa treated within Ironopsis to comply with the phylogeny recovered herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľuboš Hrivniak
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Sroka
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřiška Bojková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman J Godunko
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomáš Soldán
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Arnold H Staniczek
- Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
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3
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Almudi I, Martín-Blanco CA, García-Fernandez IM, López-Catalina A, Davie K, Aerts S, Casares F. Establishment of the mayfly Cloeon dipterum as a new model system to investigate insect evolution. EvoDevo 2019; 10:6. [PMID: 30984364 PMCID: PMC6446309 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-019-0120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The great capability of insects to adapt to new environments promoted their extraordinary diversification, resulting in the group of Metazoa with the largest number of species distributed worldwide. To understand this enormous diversity, it is essential to investigate lineages that would allow the reconstruction of the early events in the evolution of insects. However, research on insect ecology, physiology, development and evolution has mostly focused on few well-established model species. The key phylogenetic position of mayflies within Paleoptera as the sister group of the rest of winged insects and life history traits of mayflies make them an essential order to understand insect evolution. Here, we describe the establishment of a continuous culture system of the mayfly Cloeon dipterum and a series of experimental protocols and omics resources that allow the study of its development and its great regenerative capability. Thus, the establishment of Cloeon as an experimental platform paves the way to understand genomic and morphogenetic events that occurred at the origin of winged insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Almudi
- 1GEM-DMC2 Unit, The CABD (CSIC-UPO-JA), Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Kristofer Davie
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Louvain, Belgium.,3Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Stein Aerts
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Louvain, Belgium.,3Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Fernando Casares
- 1GEM-DMC2 Unit, The CABD (CSIC-UPO-JA), Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
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4
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Todisco V, Grill A, Fiedler K, Gottsberger B, Dincă V, Vodă R, Lukhtanov V, Letsch H. Molecular phylogeny of the Palaearctic butterfly genus Pseudophilotes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with focus on the Sardinian endemic P. barbagiae. BMC ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40850-018-0032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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5
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Tenchini R, Cardoni S, Piredda R, Simeone MC, Belfiore C. DNA barcoding and faunistic criteria for a revised taxonomy of Italian Ephemeroptera. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2018.1480732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Tenchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche (DEB), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università s.n.c., Viterbo, Italy
| | - S. Cardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche (DEB), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università s.n.c., Viterbo, Italy
| | - R. Piredda
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - M. C. Simeone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - C. Belfiore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche (DEB), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università s.n.c., Viterbo, Italy
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6
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Gueuning M, Suchan T, Rutschmann S, Gattolliat JL, Jamsari J, Kamil AI, Pitteloud C, Buerki S, Balke M, Sartori M, Alvarez N. Elevation in tropical sky islands as the common driver in structuring genes and communities of freshwater organisms. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16089. [PMID: 29170522 PMCID: PMC5700956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical mountains are usually characterized by a vertically-arranged sequence of ecological belts, which, in contrast to temperate habitats, have remained relatively stable in space across the Quaternary. Such long-lasting patterning of habitats makes them ideal to test the role of environmental pressure in driving ecological and evolutionary processes. Using Sumatran freshwater mayfly communities, we test whether elevation, rather than other spatial factors (i.e. volcanoes, watersheds) structures both species within communities and genes within species. Based on the analysis of 31 mayfly (Ephemeroptera) communities and restriction-site-associated-DNA sequencing in the four most ubiquitous species, we found elevation as the major spatial component structuring both species and genes in the landscape. In other words, similar elevations across different mountains or watersheds harbor more similar species and genes than different elevations within the same mountain or watershed. Tropical elevation gradients characterized by environmental conditions that are both steep and relatively stable seasonally and over geological time scales, are thus responsible for both ecological and genetic differentiation. Our results demonstrate how in situ ecological diversification at the micro-evolutionary level might fuel alpha- and beta- components of diversity in tropical sky islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Gueuning
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Competence Division for Research Technology and Knowledge Exchange, Method Development and Analytics, Agroscope, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Tomasz Suchan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sereina Rutschmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jean-Luc Gattolliat
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Cantonal Museum of Zoology, Palais de Rumine, 1014, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jamsari Jamsari
- Plant Breeding Section, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, 25163, Padang, West-Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Al Ihsan Kamil
- Plant Breeding Section, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, 25163, Padang, West-Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Camille Pitteloud
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sven Buerki
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.,Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA
| | - Michael Balke
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany
| | - Michel Sartori
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Cantonal Museum of Zoology, Palais de Rumine, 1014, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadir Alvarez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Natural History Museum of Geneva, 1 route de Malagnou, 1208, Geneva, Switzerland.
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7
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Morinière J, Hendrich L, Balke M, Beermann AJ, König T, Hess M, Koch S, Müller R, Leese F, Hebert PDN, Hausmann A, Schubart CD, Haszprunar G. A DNA barcode library for Germany′s mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera). Mol Ecol Resour 2017; 17:1293-1307. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Morinière
- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB - ZSM); München Germany
| | - Lars Hendrich
- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB - ZSM); München Germany
| | - Michael Balke
- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB - ZSM); München Germany
- Department Biology II and GeoBioCenter; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; München Germany
| | - Arne J. Beermann
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Tobias König
- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB - ZSM); München Germany
| | - Monika Hess
- Büro H2 Ökologische Gutachten, Hess & Heckes GbR; München Germany
| | | | | | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
- Center for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU); University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - Axel Hausmann
- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB - ZSM); München Germany
- Department Biology II and GeoBioCenter; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; München Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Haszprunar
- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB - ZSM); München Germany
- Department Biology II and GeoBioCenter; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; München Germany
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8
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Polato NR, Gray MM, Gill BA, Becker CG, Casner KL, Flecker AS, Kondratieff BC, Encalada AC, Poff NL, Funk WC, Zamudio KR. Genetic diversity and gene flow decline with elevation in montane mayflies. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 119:107-116. [PMID: 28489073 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Montane environments around the globe are biodiversity 'hotspots' and important reservoirs of genetic diversity. Montane species are also typically more vulnerable to environmental change than their low-elevation counterparts due to restricted ranges and dispersal limitations. Here we focus on two abundant congeneric mayflies (Baetis bicaudatus and B. tricaudatus) from montane streams over an elevation gradient spanning 1400 m. Using single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes, we measured population diversity and vulnerability in these two species by: (i) describing genetic diversity and population structure across elevation gradients to identify mechanisms underlying diversification; (ii) performing spatially explicit landscape analyses to identify environmental drivers of differentiation; and (iii) identifying outlier loci hypothesized to underlie adaptive divergence. Differences in the extent of population structure in these species were evident depending upon their position along the elevation gradient. Heterozygosity, effective population sizes and gene flow all declined with increasing elevation, resulting in substantial population structure in the higher elevation species (B. bicaudatus). At lower elevations, populations of both species are more genetically similar, indicating ongoing gene flow. Isolation by distance was detected at lower elevations only, whereas landscape barriers better predicted genetic distance at higher elevations. At higher elevations, dispersal was restricted due to landscape effects, resulting in greater population isolation. Our results demonstrate differentiation over small spatial scales along an elevation gradient, and highlight the importance of preserving genetic diversity in more isolated high-elevation populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Polato
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M M Gray
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - B A Gill
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - C G Becker
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - K L Casner
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - A S Flecker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - B C Kondratieff
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - A C Encalada
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - N L Poff
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Institute of Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - W C Funk
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - K R Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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9
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Vuataz L, Rutschmann S, Monaghan MT, Sartori M. Molecular phylogeny and timing of diversification in Alpine Rhithrogena (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:194. [PMID: 27654122 PMCID: PMC5031269 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Larvae of the Holarctic mayfly genus Rhithrogena Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) are a diverse and abundant member of stream and river communities and are routinely used as bio-indicators of water quality. Rhithrogena is well diversified in the European Alps, with a number of locally endemic species, and several cryptic species have been recently detected. While several informal species groups are morphologically well defined, a lack of reliable characters for species identification considerably hampers their study. Their relationships, origin, timing of speciation and mechanisms promoting their diversification in the Alps are unknown. RESULTS Here we present a species-level phylogeny of Rhithrogena in Europe using two mitochondrial and three nuclear gene regions. To improve sampling in a genus with many cryptic species, individuals were selected for analysis according to a recent DNA-based taxonomy rather than traditional nomenclature. A coalescent-based species tree and a reconstruction based on a supermatrix approach supported five of the species groups as monophyletic. A molecular clock, mapped on the most resolved phylogeny and calibrated using published mitochondrial evolution rates for insects, suggested an origin of Alpine Rhithrogena in the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. A diversification analysis that included simulation of missing species indicated a constant speciation rate over time, rather than any pronounced periods of rapid speciation. Ancestral state reconstructions provided evidence for downstream diversification in at least two species groups. CONCLUSIONS Our species-level analyses of five gene regions provide clearer definitions of species groups within European Rhithrogena. A constant speciation rate over time suggests that the paleoclimatic fluctuations, including the Pleistocene glaciations, did not significantly influence the tempo of diversification of Alpine species. A downstream diversification trend in the hybrida and alpestris species groups supports a previously proposed headwater origin hypothesis for aquatic insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Vuataz
- Musée cantonal de zoologie, Palais de Rumine, Place de la Riponne 6, 1014, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sereina Rutschmann
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Michael T Monaghan
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michel Sartori
- Musée cantonal de zoologie, Palais de Rumine, Place de la Riponne 6, 1014, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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