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Sun CH, Lu CH, Wang ZJ. Comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genomes of Synodontis eupterus and Synodontis polli. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15393. [PMID: 38965284 PMCID: PMC11224264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to distinguish Synodontis eupterus and Synodontis polli. We performed sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of their mitochondrial genomes and constructed a phylogenetic tree of Mochokidae fish using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods based on protein-coding gene (PCG) sequences of 14 Mochokidae species. The total length of the S. eupterus mitochondrial genome was 16,579 bp, including 13 (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one D-loop, with an AT-biased nucleotide composition (56.0%). The total length of the S. polli mitochondrial genome was 16,544 bp, including 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one D-loop, with an AT-biased nucleotide composition (55.0%). In both species, except for COI, PCGs use ATG as the starting codon, the vast majority use TAG or TAA as the ending codon, and a few use incomplete codons (T - or TA -) as the ending codon. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. eupterus and Synodontis clarias converged into one branch, S. polli and Synodontis petricola converged into one branch, Mochokiella paynei, Mochokus brevis, and nine species of the genus Synodontis converged into one branch, and M. paynei clustered with the genus Synodontis. This study lays a foundation for rebuilding a clearer Mochokidae fish classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-He Sun
- The Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Chang-Hu Lu
- The Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Zi-Jian Wang
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Gaochun District, Nanjing, 211300, China
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2
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Rahman-Soad A, Bittner N, Hilker M. Pine Response to Sawfly Pheromones: Effects on Sawfly's Oviposition and Larval Growth. INSECTS 2024; 15:458. [PMID: 38921172 PMCID: PMC11203435 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Insect pheromones have been intensively studied with respect to their role in insect communication. However, scarce knowledge is available on the impact of pheromones on plant responses, and how these in turn affect herbivorous insects. A previous study showed that exposure of pine (Pinus sylvestris) to the sex pheromones of the pine sawfly Diprion pini results in enhanced defenses against the eggs of this sawfly; the egg survival rate on pheromone-exposed pine needles was lower than that on unexposed pine. The long-lasting common evolutionary history of D. pini and P. sylvestris suggests that D. pini has developed counter-adaptations to these pine responses. Here, we investigated by behavioral assays how D. pini copes with the defenses of pheromone-exposed pine. The sawfly females did not discriminate between the odor of pheromone-exposed and unexposed pine. However, when they had the chance to contact the trees, more unexposed than pheromone-exposed trees received eggs. The exposure of pine to the pheromones did not affect the performance of larvae and their pupation success. Our findings indicate that the effects that responses of pine to D. pini sex pheromones exert on the sawfly eggs and sawfly oviposition behavior do not extend to effects on the larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifur Rahman-Soad
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 12163 Berlin, Germany; (A.R.-S.); (N.B.)
| | - Norbert Bittner
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 12163 Berlin, Germany; (A.R.-S.); (N.B.)
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Monika Hilker
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 12163 Berlin, Germany; (A.R.-S.); (N.B.)
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3
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Chepkemoi J, Pfütze S, Kimani NM, Matasyoh JC, Stadler M. Comparison of the Secondary Metabolism of the Basidiomycetes Armillaria mellea and Desarmillaria ectypa. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400933. [PMID: 38640089 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
During the course of our ongoing studies on the secondary metabolism of cultures of Basidiomycota, a new meroterpenoid named 10, 15-dihydroxydihydromelleolide (1) was isolated along with the known armillaridin (2) and arnamiol (3) from cultures of the rare saprotrophic species, Desarmillaria ectypa. These are the first secondary metabolites that were ever isolated from the latter species. A concurrently studied strain of the common pathogenic A. mellea yielded other melleolides, with 5'-O-methylmelledonal (4), melledonal C (5), 10 α-hydroxydihydromelleolide (6) and melledonal (7). The chemical structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). All compounds were studied for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects against a panel of microbes and mammalian cell lines, and the results are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyne Chepkemoi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, 20115, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Sebastian Pfütze
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Njogu M Kimani
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, 6-60100, Kenya
| | - Josphat C Matasyoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, 20115, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
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4
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Okon EM, Okocha RC, Taiwo AB, Michael FB, Bolanle AM. Dynamics of co-infection in fish: A review of pathogen-host interaction and clinical outcome. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100096. [PMID: 37250211 PMCID: PMC10213192 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-infections can affect the transmission of a pathogen within a population and the pathogen's virulence, ultimately affecting the disease's dynamics. In addition, co-infections can potentially affect the host's immunological responses, clinical outcomes, survival, and disease control efficacy. Co-infections significantly impact fish production and can change several fish diseases' progression and severity. However, the effect of co-infection has only recently garnered limited attention in aquatic animals such as fish, and there is currently a dearth of studies on this topic. This study, therefore, presents an in-depth summary of the dynamics of co-infection in fish. This study reviewed the co-infection of fish pathogens, the interaction of pathogens and fish, clinical outcomes and impacts on fish immune responses, and fish survival. Most studies described the prevalence of co-infections in fish, with various parameters influencing their outcomes. Bacterial co-infection increased fish mortality, ulcerative dermatitis, and intestinal haemorrhage. Viral co-infection resulted in osmoregulatory effects, increased mortality and cytopathic effect (CPE). More severe histological alterations and clinical symptoms were related to the co-infection of fish than in single-infected fish. In parasitic co-infection, there was increased mortality, high kidney swelling index, and severe necrotic alterations in the kidney, liver, and spleen. In other cases, there were more severe kidney lesions, cartilage destruction and displacement. There was a dearth of information on mitigating co-infections in fish. Therefore, further studies on the mitigation strategies of co-infections in fish will provide valuable insights into this research area. Also, more research on the immunology of co-infection specific to each fish pathogen class (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) is imperative. The findings from such studies would provide valuable information on the relationship between fish immune systems and targeted responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reuben Chukwuka Okocha
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Climate Action Research Group, Landmark University SDG 13, Nigeria
| | | | - Falana Babatunde Michael
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Life Below Water Research Group, Landmark University SDG 14, Nigeria
| | - Adeniran Moji Bolanle
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Abram PK, Guerra-Grenier E, Brodeur J, Capko C, Aquino MFS, Beers EH, Blassioli-Moraes MC, Borges M, Cingolani MF, Cusumano A, De Clercq P, Fernandez CA, Gariepy TD, Haye T, Hoelmer K, Laumann RA, Lietti M, McPherson JE, Punschke E, Saunders TE, Zhang JP, Hardy ICW. Protective Geometry and Reproductive Anatomy as Candidate Determinants of Clutch Size Variation in Pentatomid Bugs. Am Nat 2023; 202:E104-E120. [PMID: 37792913 DOI: 10.1086/725917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMany animals lay their eggs in clusters. Eggs on the periphery of clusters can be at higher risk of mortality. We asked whether the most commonly occurring clutch sizes in pentatomid bugs could result from geometrical arrangements that maximize the proportion of eggs in the cluster's interior. Although the most common clutch sizes do not correspond with geometric optimality, stink bugs do tend to lay clusters of eggs in shapes that protect increasing proportions of their offspring as clutch sizes increase. We also considered whether ovariole number, an aspect of reproductive anatomy that may be a fixed trait across many pentatomids, could explain observed distributions of clutch sizes. The most common clutch sizes across many species correspond with multiples of ovariole number. However, there are species with the same number of ovarioles that lay clutches of widely varying size, among which multiples of ovariole number are not overrepresented. In pentatomid bugs, reproductive anatomy appears to be more important than egg mass geometry in determining clutch size uniformity. In addition, our analysis demonstrates that groups of animals with little variation in ovariole number may nonetheless lay a broad range of clutch shapes and sizes.
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Andrade López JM, Pani AM, Wu M, Gerhart J, Lowe CJ. Molecular characterization of nervous system organization in the hemichordate acorn worm Saccoglossus kowalevskii. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002242. [PMID: 37725784 PMCID: PMC10508912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemichordates are an important group for investigating the evolution of bilaterian nervous systems. As the closest chordate outgroup with a bilaterally symmetric adult body plan, hemichordates are particularly informative for exploring the origins of chordates. Despite the importance of hemichordate neuroanatomy for testing hypotheses on deuterostome and chordate evolution, adult hemichordate nervous systems have not been comprehensively described using molecular techniques, and classic histological descriptions disagree on basic aspects of nervous system organization. A molecular description of hemichordate nervous system organization is important for both anatomical comparisons across phyla and for attempts to understand how conserved gene regulatory programs for ectodermal patterning relate to morphological evolution in deep time. Here, we describe the basic organization of the adult hemichordate Saccoglossus kowalevskii nervous system using immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and transgenic reporters to visualize neurons, neuropil, and key neuronal cell types. Consistent with previous descriptions, we found the S. kowalevskii nervous system consists of a pervasive nerve plexus concentrated in the anterior, along with nerve cords on both the dorsal and ventral side. Neuronal cell types exhibited clear anteroposterior and dorsoventral regionalization in multiple areas of the body. We observed spatially demarcated expression patterns for many genes involved in synthesis or transport of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides but did not observe clear distinctions between putatively centralized and decentralized portions of the nervous system. The plexus shows regionalized structure and is consistent with the proboscis base as a major site for information processing rather than the dorsal nerve cord. In the trunk, there is a clear division of cell types between the dorsal and ventral cords, suggesting differences in function. The absence of neural processes crossing the basement membrane into muscle and extensive axonal varicosities suggest that volume transmission may play an important role in neural function. These data now facilitate more informed neural comparisons between hemichordates and other groups, contributing to broader debates on the origins and evolution of bilaterian nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Andrade López
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ariel M. Pani
- Departments of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Unites States of America
| | - Mike Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, Unites States of America
| | - John Gerhart
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, Unites States of America
| | - Christopher J. Lowe
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Nachtigall PG, Loboda TS, Pinhal D. Signatures of positive selection in the mitochondrial genome of neotropical freshwater stingrays provide clues about the transition from saltwater to freshwater environment. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:229-241. [PMID: 36378333 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neotropical freshwater stingrays (subfamily Potamotrygoninae) are carnivorous bottom feeder batoids widely distributed in most river basins of South America. They represent the unique extant group of elasmobranchs that evolved to live exclusively in freshwater environments. These species are exploited either by commercial fisheries (e.g., for food or ornamental industry) or by indigenous communities allocated along with their natural range. Restrictive life history characteristics coupled with habitat degradation make Potamotrygoninae species highly vulnerable to human impacts and highlight the necessity of studies to inform basic biological aspects, from ecology to genetics, to guide their conservation and clarify the molecular basis of adaptation to the freshwater environment. We used available and newly assembled Potamotrygon spp. mitogenomes to perform a comparative investigation of their molecular evolution. A phylogenetic estimation using the mitogenome of Potamotrygon falkneri and other Elasmobranchii supports monophyly for Potamotrygonidae and indicates a close relationship to Dasyatidae. A synteny analysis comprising 3 Potamotrygon and other 51 batoids revealed a highly conserved mitogenomic context. We detected various amino acid sites under positive selection exclusively in Potamotrygon spp., within the sequences of ND4, ND5, ND6, and COXII genes. Positively selected mutational events in key genes of energetic metabolism may be related to the physiological adaptation of Potamotrygon spp. during the ancient incursion into freshwater. This broad comparative mitogenomic study provides novel insights into the evolutionary history of neotropical freshwater stingrays and their relatives and stands out as a valuable resource to aid in current and future research on elasmobranch molecular evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Nachtigall
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, CeTICS, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T S Loboda
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Paleontológicas (LPP), CCBN, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.,Departamento Acadêmico de Ensino (DAENS), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - D Pinhal
- Laboratório Genômica e Evolução Molecular (LGEM), Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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8
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Eslami-Farouji A, Khosravi AR, Gholami M, Mohsenzadeh S. A comparison of phylogenetic and distance-based approaches for the distinction of genetically closed species, Draba rimarum (Rech.f.) A.R. Khosravi & A. Eslami-Farouji, and Draba aucheri Boiss. (Brassicaceae) as a case study. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 12:155-163. [PMID: 37886739 PMCID: PMC10599596 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2023.47706.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Circumscribing species boundries is necessary in systematic plant biology. Even a mistake in delimiting taxa may lead to incorrect scientific interpretations. Draba rimarum (Rech.f.) A.R. Khosravi & A. Eslami-Farouji is an endemic Iranian species with a narrow geographic distribution, and is genetically close to D. aucheri. The present study provided a phylogenetic review, time divergence, and planar network of both species to unravel the distinct position of both species along with the prediction of any conflicting or ambiguous signals. Regarding this purpose, here we represent that phylogenetic trees may fail to show reliable results toward the distinct position of genetically close species.
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Research Status and Application Prospects of the Medicinal Mushroom Armillaria mellea. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3491-3507. [PMID: 36417110 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Armillaria is one of the most common diseases underlying chronic root rot in woody plants. Although there is no particularly effective way to prevent it, soil disinfection is a common effective protective measure. However, Armillaria itself has important medicinal value and is a symbiotic fungus in the cultivation of Gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus. Therefore, researching Armillaria is of great practical significance. In this review, the biological characteristics, cultivation methods, chemical components, food and medicinal value and efficacy of Armillaria were all reviewed, and its development and utilization direction were analyzed and discussed.
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Chornelia A, Hughes AC. The evolutionary history and ancestral biogeographic range estimation of old-world Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae (Chiroptera). BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:112. [PMID: 36192699 PMCID: PMC9528145 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats), Hipposideridae (leaf-nosed bats) and Rhinonycteridae (trident bats) are exclusively distributed in the Old-World, and their biogeography reflects the complex historic geological events throughout the Cenozoic. Here we investigated the origin of these families and unravel the conflicting family origin theories using a high resolution tree covering taxa from each zoogeographic realm from Africa to Australia. Ancestral range estimations were performed using a probabilistic approach implemented in BioGeoBEARS with subset analysis per biogeographic range [Old-World as whole, Australia-Oriental-Oceania (AOO) and Afrotropical-Madagascar-Palearctic (AMP)]. RESULT Our result supports an Oriental origin for Rhinolophidae, whereas Hipposideridae originated from the Oriental and African regions in concordance with fossil evidence of both families. The fossil evidence indicates that Hipposideridae has diversified across Eurasia and the Afro-Arabian region since the Middle Eocene. Meanwhile, Rhinonycteridae (the sister family of Hipposideridae) appears to have originated from the Africa region splitting from the common ancestor with Hipposideridae in Africa. Indomalaya is the center of origin of Rhinolophidae AOO lineages, and Indomalayan + Philippines appears to be center of origin of Hipposideridae AOO lineage indicating allopatric speciation and may have involved jump-dispersal (founder-event) speciation within AOO lineage. Wallacea and the Philippines may have been used as stepping stones for dispersal towards Oceania and Australia from the Oriental region. Multiple colonization events via different routes may have occurred in the Philippines (i.e., Palawan and Wallacea) since the Late Miocene. The colonization of Rhinolophidae towards Africa from Asia coincided with the estimated time of Tethys Ocean closure around the Oligocene to Miocene (around 27 Ma), allowing species to disperse via the Arabian Peninsula. Additionally, the number of potential cryptic species in Rhinolophidae in Southeast Asia may have increased since Plio-Pleistocene and late Miocene. CONCLUSION Overall, we conclude an Oriental origin for Rhinolophidae, and Oriental + African for Hipposideridae. The result demonstrates that complex historical events, in addition to species specific ecomorphology and specialization of ecological niches may shape current distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Chornelia
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Landscape Ecology Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Huairou, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Alice Catherine Hughes
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR People’s Republic of China
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Coates CJ, Belato FA, Halanych KM, Costa-Paiva EM. Structure-Function Relationships of Oxygen Transport Proteins in Marine Invertebrates Enduring Higher Temperatures and Deoxygenation. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 243:134-148. [PMID: 36548976 DOI: 10.1086/722472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPredictions for climate change-to lesser and greater extents-reveal a common scenario in which marine waters are characterized by a deadly trio of stressors: higher temperatures, lower oxygen levels, and acidification. Ectothermic taxa that inhabit coastal waters, such as shellfish, are vulnerable to rapid and prolonged environmental disturbances, such as heatwaves, pollution-induced eutrophication, and dysoxia. Oxygen transport capacity of the hemolymph (blood equivalent) is considered the proximal driver of thermotolerance and respiration in many invertebrates. Moreover, maintaining homeostasis under environmental duress is inextricably linked to the activities of the hemolymph-based oxygen transport or binding proteins. Several protein groups fulfill this role in marine invertebrates: copper-based extracellular hemocyanins, iron-based intracellular hemoglobins and hemerythrins, and giant extracellular hemoglobins. In this brief text, we revisit the distribution and multifunctional properties of oxygen transport proteins, notably hemocyanins, in the context of climate change, and the consequent physiological reprogramming of marine invertebrates.
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12
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Wheatley SK, Cartmell C, Madadian E, Badr S, Haltli BA, Kerr RG, Ahmadi A. Microfabrication of a micron-scale microbial-domestication pod for in situ cultivation of marine bacteria. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28123-28127. [PMID: 36320234 PMCID: PMC9527566 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05420e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the hyphenation of microfabrication, microfluidics and microbiology, we report the development of a μMicrobial-Domestication Pod (μMD Pod). This in situ cultivation device facilitates cell signaling from neighbouring species and interactions with environmental stimuli for marine bacterial growth to overcome current barriers faced by standard laboratory cultivation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney K. Wheatley
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island550 University AvenueCharlottetownPEC1A 4P3Canada,Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS)MontrealQCH3C 1K3Canada
| | - Christopher Cartmell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island550 University AvenueCharlottetownPEC1A 4P3Canada
| | - Elias Madadian
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island550 University AvenueCharlottetownPEC1A 4P3Canada,Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS)MontrealQCH3C 1K3Canada
| | - Sara Badr
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island550 University AvenueCharlottetownPEC1A 4P3Canada,Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS)MontrealQCH3C 1K3Canada
| | - Bradley A. Haltli
- Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Regis and Joan Duffy Research Centre550 University AvenueCharlottetownPEC1A 4P3Canada,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Prince Edward Island550 University AvenueCharlottetownPEC1A 4P3Canada
| | - Russell G. Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island550 University AvenueCharlottetownPEC1A 4P3Canada,Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Regis and Joan Duffy Research Centre550 University AvenueCharlottetownPEC1A 4P3Canada,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Prince Edward Island550 University AvenueCharlottetownPEC1A 4P3Canada
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island550 University AvenueCharlottetownPEC1A 4P3Canada,Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS)MontrealQCH3C 1K3Canada,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Prince Edward Island550 University AvenueCharlottetownPEC1A 4P3Canada
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de Souza AR, Santos EF, Baptista CF, Dias G, Nascimento FS, Lino-Neto J. Sperm length variation is linked to sexual ornamentation in male paper wasps. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2022.2120083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André R. de Souza
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Eduardo F. Santos
- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, Brasil
| | - Camila F. Baptista
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Glenda Dias
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Fábio S. Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - José Lino-Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Wu Q, Zhang X, Li J, Deng L, Wang D, Liao M, Guo Z, Huang X, Chen D, Wang Y, Yang S, Du Z, Luo W. Comparative transcriptome and adaptive evolution analysis on the main liver and attaching liver of Pareuchiloglanis macrotrema. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:743-761. [PMID: 35931930 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Pareuchiloglanis macrotrema is a glyptosternoid fish belonging to the Siluriform family and is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau tributaries. P. macrotrema is an ideal model for studying the adaptive evolution of fish at high altitudes. P. macrotrema has two attaching livers connected to the main liver, a common feature in most Sisoridae fishes but is a special phenomenon relative to other vertebrates. Using RNA-Seq, 42 differentially expressed genes were found between the main liver and attaching liver, of which 31 were upregulated and 11 were downregulated in the main liver. The major differentially expressed genes between the main liver and attaching liver of P. macrotrema are related to metabolism, immunity, and digestive processes. Meanwhile, a comparative transcriptome analysis was carried out on P. macrotrema fish and six non-plateau Siluriformes fishes. We found 268 positively selected genes in P. macrotrema that are related to energy metabolism, immunity, and hypoxic responses. The findings of this study highlight the gene expression differences between the main liver and attaching livers of Sisoridae fishes and provide greater insight into the evolution of Tibetan fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jie Li
- Sichuan Runjie Hongda Aquatic Products Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Longjun Deng
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongjie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Min Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhonggang Guo
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Chongzhou City, Chongzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Defang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zongjun Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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15
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de Faria Santos A, Cancello EM, Morales AC. Phylogeography of Nasutitermes ephratae (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) in neotropical region. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11656. [PMID: 35804053 PMCID: PMC9270401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The neotropical region ranks third in the number of termites and includes five different families. Of these, Termitidae is the most diverse and includes the species Nasutitermes ephratae, which is widespread in the neotropics. To date, only one study has been published about phylogeography in neotropical termites (N. corniger). Here, we explored the population genetic patterns of N. ephratae and also evaluated the phylogeographical processes involved in the evolutionary history of the species. We used the mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA and COII as molecular markers: these were sequenced for 128 samples of N. ephratae. We estimated the genetic diversity and divergence time as well as the demography and genetic structure. We also performed an ancestral area reconstruction and a haplotype network. The results showed high genetic variability, recent demographic expansion, and strong genetic structure. A dispersal route for the species, that occurred in both directions between South and Central America, was inferred. The results emphasize a temporary separation between the South and Central America populations that affected the origin of the current Central America populations. These populations were formed from different phylogeographic histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Faria Santos
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Marques Cancello
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Coletto Morales
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Smyčka J, Roquet C, Boleda M, Alberti A, Boyer F, Douzet R, Perrier C, Rome M, Valay JG, Denoeud F, Šemberová K, Zimmermann NE, Thuiller W, Wincker P, Alsos IG, Coissac E, Lavergne S. Tempo and drivers of plant diversification in the European mountain system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2750. [PMID: 35585056 PMCID: PMC9117672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still limited consensus on the evolutionary history of species-rich temperate alpine floras due to a lack of comparable and high-quality phylogenetic data covering multiple plant lineages. Here we reconstructed when and how European alpine plant lineages diversified, i.e., the tempo and drivers of speciation events. We performed full-plastome phylogenomics and used multi-clade comparative models applied to six representative angiosperm lineages that have diversified in European mountains (212 sampled species, 251 ingroup species total). Diversification rates remained surprisingly steady for most clades, even during the Pleistocene, with speciation events being mostly driven by geographic divergence and bedrock shifts. Interestingly, we inferred asymmetrical historical migration rates from siliceous to calcareous bedrocks, and from higher to lower elevations, likely due to repeated shrinkage and expansion of high elevation habitats during the Pleistocene. This may have buffered climate-related extinctions, but prevented speciation along elevation gradients as often documented for tropical alpine floras. Here, the authors use full-plastome phylogenomics and multiclade comparative models to reconstruct the tempo and drivers of six European Alpine angiosperm lineages before and during the Pleistocene. They find that geographic divergence and bedrock shifts drive speciation events, while diversification rates remained steady.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Smyčka
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France. .,Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-11000, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12801, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Cristina Roquet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France.,Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) - Associated Unit to CSIC, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES-08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Martí Boleda
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Adriana Alberti
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91057, Evry, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), FR-91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Boyer
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Rolland Douzet
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Perrier
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Rome
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Gabriel Valay
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - France Denoeud
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91057, Evry, France
| | - Kristýna Šemberová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12801, Prague, Czech Republic.,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91057, Evry, France
| | - Inger G Alsos
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, The Arctic University Museum of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eric Coissac
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
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17
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Alpha and beta phylogenetic diversities jointly reveal ant community assembly mechanisms along a tropical elevational gradient. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7728. [PMID: 35546343 PMCID: PMC9095595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the long-standing interest in the organization of ant communities across elevational gradients, few studies have incorporated the evolutionary information to understand the historical processes that underlay such patterns. Through the evaluation of phylogenetic α and β-diversity, we analyzed the structure of leaf-litter ant communities along the Cofre de Perote mountain in Mexico and evaluated whether deterministic- (i.e., habitat filtering, interspecific competition) or stochastic-driven processes (i.e., dispersal limitation) were driving the observed patterns. Lowland and some highland sites showed phylogenetic clustering, whereas intermediate elevations and the highest site presented phylogenetic overdispersion. We infer that strong environmental constraints found at the bottom and the top elevations are favoring closely-related species to prevail at those elevations. Conversely, less stressful climatic conditions at intermediate elevations suggest interspecific interactions are more important in these environments. Total phylogenetic dissimilarity was driven by the turnover component, indicating that the turnover of ant species along the mountain is actually shifts of lineages adapted to particular locations resembling their ancestral niche. The greater phylogenetic dissimilarity between communities was related to greater temperature differences probably due to narrow thermal tolerances inherent to several ant lineages that evolved in more stable conditions. Our results suggest that the interplay between environmental filtering, interspecific competition and habitat specialization plays an important role in the assembly of leaf-litter ant communities along elevational gradients.
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18
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Chung O, Jung YE, Lee KW, An YJ, Kim J, Roh YR, Bhak J, Park K, Weber JA, Cheong J, Cha SS, Lee JH, Yim HS. The Analyses of Cetacean Virus-Responsive Genes Reveal Evolutionary Marks in Mucosal Immunity-Associated Genes. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:2299-2312. [PMID: 35334059 PMCID: PMC8949644 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are the most common and abundant organisms in the marine environment. To better understand how cetaceans have adapted to this virus-rich environment, we compared cetacean virus-responsive genes to those from terrestrial mammals. We identified virus-responsive gene sequences in seven species of cetaceans, which we compared with orthologous sequences in seven terrestrial mammals. As a result of evolution analysis using the branch model and the branch-site model, 21 genes were selected using at least one model. IFN-ε, an antiviral cytokine expressed at mucous membranes, and its receptor IFNAR1 contain cetacean-specific amino acid substitutions that might change the interaction between the two proteins and lead to regulation of the immune system against viruses. Cetacean-specific amino acid substitutions in IL-6, IL-27, and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 are also predicted to alter the mucosal immune response of cetaceans. Since mucosal membranes are the first line of defense against the external environment and are involved in immune tolerance, our analysis of cetacean virus-responsive genes suggests that genes with cetacean-specific mutations in mucosal immunity-related genes play an important role in the protection and/or regulation of immune responses against viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ye-Eun Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Won Lee
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyang-ro, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun An
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyang-ro, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Kim
- Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Rim Roh
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyang-ro, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea.,Department of Marine Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 306-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bhak
- Clinomics, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.,Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiejung Park
- Sangmyung University, Cheonan, 31066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessica A Weber
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Jaehun Cheong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Shin Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyang-ro, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Marine Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 306-350, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Soon Yim
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyang-ro, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Kobayashi G, Itoh H, Kojima S. Mitogenome of a stink worm (Annelida: Travisiidae) includes degenerate group II intron that is also found in five congeneric species. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4449. [PMID: 35292662 PMCID: PMC8924214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogenomes are useful for inferring phylogenetic relationships between organisms. Although the mitogenomes of Annelida, one of the most morphologically and ecologically diverse metazoan groups have been well sequenced, those of several families remain unexamined. This study determined the first mitogenome from the family Travisiidae (Travisia sanrikuensis), analyzed its mitogenomic features, and reconstructed a phylogeny of Sedentaria. The monophyly of the Terebellida + Arenicolida + Travisiidae clade is supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis. The placement of Travisiidae is unclear because of the lack of mitogenomes from closely related lineages. An unexpected intron appeared within the cox1 gene of T. sanrikuensis and in the same positions of five undescribed Travisia spp. Although the introns are shorter (790–1386 bp) than other group II introns, they can be considered degenerate group II introns due to type II intron maturase open reading frames, found in two of the examined species, and motifs characteristic of group II introns. This is likely the first known case in metazoans where mitochondrial group II introns obtained by a common ancestor are conserved in several descendants. Insufficient evolutionary time for intron loss in Travisiidae, or undetermined mechanisms may have helped maintain the degenerate introns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Kobayashi
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, 459 Shirahama, Nishimuro, Wakayama, 649-2211, Japan.
| | - Hajime Itoh
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kojima
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
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20
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Geometric Morphometrics of Bilateral Asymmetry in Eunotia bilunaris (Eunotiales, Bacillariophyceae) as a Tool for the Quantitative Assessment of Teratogenic Deviations in Frustule Shapes. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of pennate diatom genera typically have teratogenic deformations of their siliceous frustules due to the effects of environmental stress, such as high concentrations of heavy metals and low pH. However, the quantitative assessment of these deformations has rarely been applied. One species in which aberrations have frequently been reported is Eunotia bilunaris, which typically has bilaterally symmetric frustules with dorso-ventral differentiation. In this study, we aimed to illustrate the geometric morphometric analysis of symmetry as a tool for assessing the severity of teratogenic deformations. These were quantified by Procrustes superimposition of equidistant points placed along the valvar outlines in pairs of configurations based on their bilateral reflection symmetry. The shape deformations were mostly confined to central parts of the ventral outlines and were captured both by the symmetric and asymmetric subspaces of the variation. The amount of bilateral asymmetry in individual cells was negatively related to frustule size via the allometric power law relationship, illustrating that asymmetry increased in the asexual diminution series. The presented analysis provides a framework for the quantitative assessment of frustule deformations in eunotioid diatoms that can be used for the comparative scoring of teratogenic deviations among cells, populations, or species.
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21
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DNA barcodes evidence the contact zone of eastern and western caddisfly lineages in the Western Carpathians. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24020. [PMID: 34912013 PMCID: PMC8674257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The region of the Western Carpathians is, among other aspects, very important for survival and diversity of European freshwater fauna due to the presence of a large number of (sub)mountain springs and streams. However, these ecologically and faunistically diversified habitats are still understudied in the context of genetic diversity and population structure of their inhabitants. This study focuses on genetic diversity and distribution patterns of the caddisfly Rhyacophila tristis, common and widespread representative of mountain freshwater fauna. Analysis of the COI mitochondrial marker revealed presence of the western and eastern lineages, with samples from both lineages being grouped in BOLD (Barcode of Life Data System) into separate BINs (Barcode Index Numbers). Our data indicates that eastern lineage (BIN_E) is more closely related to the Balkan populations than to co-occurring western lineage (BIN_W), and that the contact zone of the lineages passes through the W Carpathians. The study revealed phylogeographic and demographic differences between lineages, supporting hypothesis of their evolutionary independence and specific ecological preferences. The obtained genetic data of the R. tristis population from W Carpathians improved our knowledge about population genetics of this aquatic species and can contribute to understanding the state and evolution of biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems in Europe.
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22
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Temereva E, Rimskaya-Korsakova N, Dyachuk V. Detailed morphology of tentacular apparatus and central nervous system in Owenia borealis (Annelida, Oweniidae). ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2021; 7:15. [PMID: 34865650 PMCID: PMC8647411 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-021-00182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Oweniidae are marine annelids with many unusual features of organ system, development, morphology, and ultrastructure. Together with magelonids, oweniids have been placed within the Palaeoannelida, a sister group to all remaining annelids. The study of this group may increase our understanding of the early evolution of annelids (including their radiation and diversification). In the current research, the morphology and ulta-anatomy of the head region of Owenia borealis is studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3D reconstructions, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and whole-mount immunostaining with confocal laser scanning microscopy. According to SEM, the tentacle apparatus consists of 8-14 branched arms, which are covered by monociliary cells that form a ciliary groove extending along the oral side of the arm base. Each tentacle contains a coelomic cavity with a network of blood capillaries. Monociliary myoepithelial cells of the tentacle coelomic cavity form both the longitudinal and the transverse muscles. The structure of this myoepithelium is intermediate between a simple and pseudo-stratified myoepithelium. Overall, tentacles lack prominent zonality, i.e., co-localization of ciliary zones, neurite bundles, and muscles. This organization, which indicates a non-specialized tentacle crown in O. borealis and other oweniids with tentacles, may be ancestral for annelids. TEM, light, and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the head region contains the anterior nerve center comprising of outer and inner (=circumoral) nerve rings. Both nerve rings are organized as concentrated nerve plexus, which contains perikarya and neurites extending between basal projections of epithelial cells (radial glia). The outer nerve ring gives rise to several thick neurite bundles, which branch and extend along aboral side of each tentacle. Accordingly to their immunoreactivity, both rings of the anterior nerve center could be homologized with the dorsal roots of circumesophageal connectives of the typical annelids. Accordingly to its ultrastructure, the outer nerve ring of O. borealis and so-called brain of other oweniids can not be regarded as a typical brain, i.e. the most anterior ganglion, because it lacks ganglionic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Temereva
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Lomonosov State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 12, Moscow, 119992 Russia
| | - Nadezhda Rimskaya-Korsakova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Lomonosov State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 12, Moscow, 119992 Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Dyachuk
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041 Russia
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23
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Hofmann S, Jablonski D, Litvinchuk SN, Masroor R, Schmidt J. Relict groups of spiny frogs indicate Late Paleogene-Early Neogene trans-Tibet dispersal of thermophile faunal elements. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11793. [PMID: 34316409 PMCID: PMC8286701 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Himalaya-Tibet orogen (HTO) presents an outstanding geologically active formation that contributed to, and fostered, modern Asian biodiversity. However, our concepts of the historical biogeography of its biota are far from conclusive, as are uplift scenarios for the different parts of the HTO. Here, we revisited our previously published data set of the tribe Paini extending it with sequence data from the most western Himalayan spiny frogs Allopaa and Chrysopaa and using them as an indirect indicator for the potential paleoecological development of Tibet. METHODS We obtained sequence data of two mitochondrial loci (16S rRNA, COI) and one nuclear marker (Rag1) from Allopaa samples from Kashmir Himalaya as well as Chrysopaa sequence data from the Hindu Kush available from GenBank to complement our previous data set. A Maximum likelihood and dated Bayesian gene tree were generated based on the concatenated data set. To resolve the inconsistent placement of Allopaa, we performed different topology tests. RESULTS Consistent with previous results, the Southeast Asian genus Quasipaa is sister to all other spiny frogs. The results further reveal a basal placement of Chrysopaa relative to Allopaa and Nanorana with an estimated age of ca. 26 Mya. Based on the topology tests, the phylogenetic position of Allopaa as a sister clade to Chaparana seems to be most likely, resulting in a paraphyletic genus Nanorana and a separation from the latter clade around 20 Mya, although a basal position of Allopaa to the genus Nanorana cannot be entirely excluded. Both, the placements of Chrysopaa and Allopaa support the presence of basal Paini lineages in the far northwestern part of the HTO, which is diametrically opposite end of the HTO with respect to the ancestral area of spiny frogs in Southeast Asia. These striking distributional patterns can be most parsimoniously explained by trans-Tibet dispersal during the late Oligocene (subtropical Chrysopaa) respectively early Miocene (warm temperate Allopaa). Within spiny frogs, only members of the monophyletic Nanorana+Paa clade are adapted to the colder temperate climates, indicating that high-altitude environments did not dominate in the HTO before ca. 15 Mya. Our results are consistent with fossil records suggesting that large parts of Tibet were characterized by subtropical to warm temperate climates at least until the early Miocene. They contradict prevalent geological models of a highly uplifted late Paleogene proto-Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Hofmann
- Centre of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Jablonski
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Rafaqat Masroor
- Zoological Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Joachim Schmidt
- Institute of Biosciences, General and Systematic Zoology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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24
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Mohapatra S, Menon NG, Mohapatra G, Pisharody L, Pattnaik A, Menon NG, Bhukya PL, Srivastava M, Singh M, Barman MK, Gin KYH, Mukherji S. The novel SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Possible environmental transmission, detection, persistence and fate during wastewater and water treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142746. [PMID: 33092831 PMCID: PMC7536135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for COVID-19 disease, has infected over 27 million people across the globe within a few months. While literature on SARS-CoV-2 indicates that its transmission may occur predominantly via aerosolization of virus-laden droplets, the possibility of alternate routes of transmission and/or reinfection via the environment requires considerable scientific attention. This review aims to collate information on possible transmission routes of this virus, to ascertain its fate in the environment. Concomitant with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faeces and saliva of infected patients, studies also indicated its occurrence in raw wastewater, primary sludge and river water. Therefore sewerage system could be a possible route of virus outbreak, a possible tool to assess viral community spread and future surveillance technique. Hence, this review looked into detection, occurrence and fate of SARS-CoV-2 during primary, secondary, and tertiary wastewater and water treatment processes based on published literature on SARS-CoV and other enveloped viruses. The review also highlights the need for focused research on occurrence and fate of SARS-CoV-2 in various environmental matrices. Utilization of this information in environmental transmission models developed for other enveloped and enteric viruses can facilitate risk assessment studies. Preliminary research efforts with SARS-CoV-2 and established scientific reports on other coronaviruses indicate that the threat of virus transmission from the aquatic environment may be currently non-existent. However, the presence of viral RNA in wastewater provides an early warning that highlights the need for effective sewage treatment to prevent a future outbreak of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeb Mohapatra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - N Gayathri Menon
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India; nEcoTox GmbH, An der Neümuhle 2, Annweiler am Trifels, Germany
| | | | - Lakshmi Pisharody
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
| | - Aryamav Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), USA
| | - N Gowri Menon
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.
| | - Suparna Mukherji
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India; Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India.
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Schuster A, Pomponi SA, Pisera A, Cárdenas P, Kelly M, Wörheide G, Erpenbeck D. Systematics of 'lithistid' tetractinellid demosponges from the Tropical Western Atlantic-implications for phylodiversity and bathymetric distribution. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10775. [PMID: 33859870 PMCID: PMC8020874 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among all present demosponges, lithistids represent a polyphyletic group with exceptionally well-preserved fossils dating back to the Cambrian. Knowledge of their recent diversity, particularly in the Tropical Western Atlantic Ocean (TWA) where they are common in deep waters, is scarce making any comparison between present and past major 'lithistid' faunas difficult. In addition, the lack of sufficient molecular and morphological data hamper any predictions on phylogenetic relationships or phylodiversity from this region. The Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute (HBOI, Fort Pierce, Florida) holds the largest collection of TWA lithistid sponges worldwide, however, the majority remain to be taxonomically identified and revised. Principal Findings In this study we provide sequences of 249 lithistid demosponges using two independent molecular markers (28S rDNA (C1-D2) and cox1 mtDNA). In addition, a morphological documentation of 70 lithistid specimens is provided in the database of the Sponge Barcoding Project (SBP). This integrated dataset represents the largest and most comprehensive of the TWA lithistids to date. The phylogenetic diversity of 'lithistid' demosponges in the Bahamas and Jamaica are high in comparison to other TWA regions; Theonellidae and Corallistidae dominate the fauna, while Neopeltidae and Macandrewiidae are rare. A proposed tetractinellid suborder, one undescribed genus and several undescribed species are recognized and the Pacific 'lithistid' genera, Herengeria and Awhiowhio, are reported from the TWA for the first time. The higher-taxa relationships of desma-bearing tetractinellids are discussed and topics for revision suggested. Conclusion This first integrative approach of TWA 'lithistid' demosponges contributes to a better understanding of their phylogenetic affinities, diversity and bathymetric distribution patterns within the TWA. As in the Pacific, the TWA 'lithistid' demosponges dominate deep-water habitats. Deeper taxonomic investigations will undoubtedly contribute to a better comparison between present major 'lithistid' faunas and their fossil record in the Mesozoic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Schuster
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Current affiliation: Department of Biology, Nordcee, Southern University of Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Shirley A Pomponi
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Ft Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Andrzej Pisera
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michelle Kelly
- National Centre for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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26
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Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Moreno-Simunovic Y. Seaweeds in viticulture: a review focused on grape quality. CIÊNCIA E TÉCNICA VITIVINÍCOLA 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/ctv/20213601009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell walls of seaweeds contain a wide number of organic and inorganic constituents, of which polysaccharides have important biological activity. Some researchers suggest that polysaccharides from seaweeds can behave as biotic elicitors in viticulture, triggering the synthesis of phenolic compounds in leaves and grape berries. The mechanism of action of seaweeds after a foliar application to grapevines is not fully understood but it is discussed in this review. An overview of the recent research focused on the effects of seaweeds foliar applications on grapevine productivity, on grape and wine quality is included as well as a short-term future perspective for the research in this field.
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27
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Neustupa J. Gynodioecy in the common spindle tree ( Euonymus europaeus L.) involves differences in the asymmetry of corolla shapes between sexually differentiated flowers. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8571. [PMID: 32095372 PMCID: PMC7025705 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynodioecy is typically associated with a smaller perianth size in purely pistillate flowers than in hermaphrodite flowers. However, it is unclear whether this size differentiation is associated with any differences in flower shape between the two sexual groups. A geometric morphometric analysis of the symmetry of tetrameric corolla shapes was used in the study of Euonymus europaeus L., Darwin’s classical system of floral sexual differentiation. I investigated whether there are any shape differences between the female and bisexual flowers, with respect to both purely symmetric variation involving coordinated shape changes of the four petals and asymmetry among petals within flowers. The corolla shapes of the female and bisexual flowers and the variability among flowers within each sexual group were very similar in the purely symmetric components of shape variation. However, the female flowers were significantly more asymmetric with respect to both the lateral and transversal asymmetry of their corolla shapes. This is the first study to apply geometric morphometrics in the analysis of morphological patterns in a sexually differentiated gynodioecious plant system. The results showed that subtle shape differences in corolla asymmetry differ between the sexual groups and indicate diverging developmental or selection signals between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Neustupa
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Neustupa J, Stastny J. Symmetry breaking of the cellular lobes closely relates to phylogenetic structure within green microalgae of the Micrasterias lineage (Zygnematophyceae). PeerJ 2018; 6:e6098. [PMID: 30568863 PMCID: PMC6287601 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Green microalgae of the Micrasterias lineage are unicellular microorganisms with modular morphology consisting of successively differentiated lobes. Due to their morphological diversity and peculiar morphogenesis, these species are important model systems for studies of cytomorphogenesis and cellular plasticity. Interestingly, the phylogenetic structure of the Micrasterias lineage and most other Desmidiales is poorly related to the traditional morphological characters used for delimitation of taxa. In this study, we focused on symmetry breaking between adjacent cellular lobes in relation to phylogeny of the studied species. While pronounced morphological asymmetry between the adjacent lobes is typical for some species, others have been characterized by the almost identical morphologies of these structures. We asked whether there is any detectable average shape asymmetry between the pairs of lobes and terminal lobules in 19 Micrasterias species representing all major clades of this desmidiacean lineage. Then, we evaluated whether the asymmetric patterns among species are phylogenetically structured. The analyses showed that the phylogeny was in fact strongly related to the patterns of morphological asymmetry between the adjacent cellular lobes. Thus, evolution of the asymmetric development between the adjacent lobes proved to be the key event differentiating cellular shape patterns of Micrasterias. Conversely, the phylogeny was only weakly related to asymmetry between the pairs of terminal lobules. The subsequent analyses of the phylogenetic morphological integration showed that individual hierarchical levels of cellular morphology were only weakly coordinated with regard to asymmetric variation among species. This finding indicates that evolutionary differentiation of morphogenetic processes leading to symmetry breaking may be relatively independent at different branching levels. Such modularity is probably the key to the evolvability of cellular shapes, leading to the extraordinary morphological diversity of these intriguing microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Neustupa
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stastny
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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29
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Neustupa J, Nemcova Y. Morphological allometry constrains symmetric shape variation, but not asymmetry, of Halimeda tuna (Bryopsidales, Ulvophyceae) segments. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206492. [PMID: 30359424 PMCID: PMC6201959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Green algae of the genus Halimeda have modular siphonous thalli composed of multiple repeated segments. Morphological variation among the segments has been related to various environmental factors, which often jointly affect their size and shape. The segments are bilaterally symmetric, which means that their shape variation can be decomposed into the symmetric and asymmetric components. Asymmetric variation might reflect both environmental heterogeneity and developmental instability of morphogenetic processes during the development of segments. In the present study, we examined if segment shape in H. tuna is related to their size and if an allometric relationship can also be found with respect to their asymmetry. Relative contributions of directional and fluctuating asymmetry to the segment shape variation within individual plants were investigated at two close localities in the northern Adriatic Sea. A series of equidistant semilandmarks were set along the outline of the segments, and analyzed by geometric morphometrics using two parallel methods to optimize their final position. Symmetric variation was strongly constrained by allometry, which also explained differences between populations. Smaller segments were significantly more asymmetric, but the difference in asymmetry between populations could not be explained solely by this allometric relationship. These differences between populations might have been caused by variation in local environmental factors. We conclude that members of the genus Halimeda represent an intriguing model system for studies of morphometric symmetry and asymmetry of sessile marine organisms, including effects of allometric relationships and infraspecific variation in relation to environmental factors of the benthic coastal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Neustupa
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Yvonne Nemcova
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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30
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Savriama Y, Gerber S, Baiocco M, Debat V, Fusco G. Development and evolution of segmentation assessed by geometric morphometrics: The centipede Strigamia maritima as a case study. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2017; 46:419-428. [PMID: 28302585 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Using the centipede model species Strigamia maritima as a subject of study, we illustrate the potential of geometric morphometrics for investigating the development and evolution of segmentation, with a specific focus on post-embryonic segmental patterning. We show how these techniques can contribute detailed descriptive data for comparative purposes, but also precious information on some features of the developmental system that are considered relevant for the evolvability of a segmented body architecture, such as developmental stability and canalization. Morphometric analyses allow to separately investigate several sources of phenotypic variation along a segmented body axis, like constitutive and random segment heteronomy, both within and among individuals. Specifically, in S. maritima, the segmental pattern of ventral sclerite shapes mirrors that of their bilateral fluctuating asymmetry and among-individual variation in associating the most anterior and most posterior segments in diverging from the central ones. Also, among segments, there seems to be a correlation between fluctuating asymmetry and shape variation among individuals, suggesting that canalization and developmental stability are somehow associated. Overall, these associations might stem from a joint influence of the segmental position on the two processes of developmental buffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoland Savriama
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sylvain Gerber
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN CNRS UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matteo Baiocco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincent Debat
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB - UMR 7205 - MNHN CNRS UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Fusco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
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