1
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Wacker KS, Winger BM. An Elevational Phylogeographic Diversity Gradient in Neotropical Birds Is Decoupled from Speciation Rates. Am Nat 2024; 203:362-381. [PMID: 38358813 DOI: 10.1086/728598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AbstractA key question about macroevolutionary speciation rates is whether they are controlled by microevolutionary processes operating at the population level. For example, does spatial variation in population genetic differentiation underlie geographical gradients in speciation rates? Previous work suggests that speciation rates increase with elevation in Neotropical birds, but underlying population-level gradients remain unexplored. Here, we characterize elevational phylogeographic diversity between montane and lowland birds in the megadiverse Andes-Amazonian system and assess its relationship to speciation rates to evaluate the link between population-level differentiation and species-level diversification. We aggregated and georeferenced nearly 7,000 mitochondrial DNA sequences across 103 species or species complexes in the Andes and Amazonia and used these sequences to describe phylogeographic differentiation across both regions. Our results show increased levels of both discrete and continuous metrics of population structure in the Andean mountains compared with the Amazonian lowlands. However, higher levels of population differentiation do not predict higher rates of speciation in our dataset. Multiple potential factors may lead to our observed decoupling of initial population divergence and speciation rates, including the ephemerality of incipient species and the multifaceted nature of the speciation process, as well as methodological challenges associated with estimating rates of population differentiation and speciation.
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2
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Ortego J, Kaya S, Çıplak B, Lacey Knowles L. Microgeographic speciation in a complex of Anatolian bush crickets facilitated by fast evolution of reproductive isolation. J Evol Biol 2024; 37:14-27. [PMID: 38285661 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Identifying the drivers of microgeographic speciation (i.e., speciation over small, local geographic scales) is key to understand the origin of speciose groups. Here, we use genomic data to infer the demographic processes underlying diversification in Poecilimon luschani (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), a species complex belonging to the most diverse genus of bush crickets from the Mediterranean region (>170 taxa) that comprises three recognized subspecies with small allopatric distributions in the topographically complex Teke Peninsula, southwestern Anatolia. Phylogenomic reconstructions that include all other taxa within the species group confirmed that subspecies of P. luschani originated from a common ancestor during the Pleistocene, supporting recent (<1 Ma) diversification within a small geographical area (ca. 120 × 80 km). Genetic clustering analyses corroborated the distinctiveness of each subspecies and the cohesiveness of their respective populations, with abrupt genetic discontinuities coinciding with contemporary range boundaries. Indeed, our analyses uncovered the presence of two sympatric cryptic sister lineages that diverged <300 ka ago and do not admix despite being co-distributed. Collectively, these results support that all lineages within the complex represent independently evolving entities corresponding to full-fledged species. Statistical evaluation of alternative models of speciation strongly supports a scenario of divergence in isolation followed by a period of limited gene flow during the last glacial period, when all lineages experienced marked expansions according to demographic reconstructions. Our study exemplifies how localized allopatric divergence and fast evolution of reproductive isolation can promote microgeographic speciation and explain the high rates of endemism characterizing biodiversity hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Ortego
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Sarp Kaya
- Health Services, Vocational Schools, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Battal Çıplak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - L Lacey Knowles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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3
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Rolland J, Henao-Diaz LF, Doebeli M, Germain R, Harmon LJ, Knowles LL, Liow LH, Mank JE, Machac A, Otto SP, Pennell M, Salamin N, Silvestro D, Sugawara M, Uyeda J, Wagner CE, Schluter D. Conceptual and empirical bridges between micro- and macroevolution. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1181-1193. [PMID: 37429904 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Explaining broad molecular, phenotypic and species biodiversity patterns necessitates a unifying framework spanning multiple evolutionary scales. Here we argue that although substantial effort has been made to reconcile microevolution and macroevolution, much work remains to identify the links between biological processes at play. We highlight four major questions of evolutionary biology whose solutions require conceptual bridges between micro and macroevolution. We review potential avenues for future research to establish how mechanisms at one scale (drift, mutation, migration, selection) translate to processes at the other scale (speciation, extinction, biogeographic dispersal) and vice versa. We propose ways in which current comparative methods to infer molecular evolution, phenotypic evolution and species diversification could be improved to specifically address these questions. We conclude that researchers are in a better position than ever before to build a synthesis to understand how microevolutionary dynamics unfold over millions of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rolland
- CNRS, UMR5174, Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - L Francisco Henao-Diaz
- Department of Zoology, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Doebeli
- Department of Zoology, and Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rachel Germain
- Department of Zoology, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luke J Harmon
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - L Lacey Knowles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Judith E Mank
- Department of Zoology, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Antonin Machac
- Department of Zoology, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah P Otto
- Department of Zoology, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matt Pennell
- Departments of Quantitative and Computational Biology and Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mauro Sugawara
- Department of Zoology, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Mário Schenberg Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josef Uyeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Catherine E Wagner
- Department of Botany, and Program in Ecology and Evolution, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Dolph Schluter
- Department of Zoology, and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Lu Y, Rice E, Du K, Kneitz S, Naville M, Dechaud C, Volff JN, Boswell M, Boswell W, Hillier L, Tomlinson C, Milin K, Walter RB, Schartl M, Warren WC. High resolution genomes of multiple Xiphophorus species provide new insights into microevolution, hybrid incompatibility, and epistasis. Genome Res 2023; 33:557-571. [PMID: 37147111 PMCID: PMC10234306 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277434.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of diverged adaptative phenotypes, fish species of the genus Xiphophorus have contributed to a wide range of research for a century. Existing Xiphophorus genome assemblies are not at the chromosomal level and are prone to sequence gaps, thus hindering advancement of the intra- and inter-species differences for evolutionary, comparative, and translational biomedical studies. Herein, we assembled high-quality chromosome-level genome assemblies for three distantly related Xiphophorus species, namely, X. maculatus, X. couchianus, and X. hellerii Our overall goal is to precisely assess microevolutionary processes in the clade to ascertain molecular events that led to the divergence of the Xiphophorus species and to progress understanding of genetic incompatibility to disease. In particular, we measured intra- and inter-species divergence and assessed gene expression dysregulation in reciprocal interspecies hybrids among the three species. We found expanded gene families and positively selected genes associated with live bearing, a special mode of reproduction. We also found positively selected gene families are significantly enriched in nonpolymorphic transposable elements, suggesting the dispersal of these nonpolymorphic transposable elements has accompanied the evolution of the genes, possibly by incorporating new regulatory elements in support of the Britten-Davidson hypothesis. We characterized inter-specific polymorphisms, structural variants, and polymorphic transposable element insertions and assessed their association to interspecies hybridization-induced gene expression dysregulation related to specific disease states in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA;
| | - Edward Rice
- Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65201, USA
| | - Kang Du
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Magali Naville
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Corentin Dechaud
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Nicolas Volff
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Mikki Boswell
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA
| | - William Boswell
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA
| | - LaDeana Hillier
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Chad Tomlinson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Kremitzki Milin
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Ronald B Walter
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, Texas 78412, USA
| | - Manfred Schartl
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA
- Developmental Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wesley C Warren
- Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, Missouri 65201, USA
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5
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Snead AA, Clark RD. The Biological Hierarchy, Time, and Temporal 'Omics in Evolutionary Biology: A Perspective. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1872-1886. [PMID: 36057775 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequencing data-genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics-have revolutionized biological research, enabling a more detailed study of processes, ranging from subcellular to evolutionary, that drive biological organization. These processes, collectively, are responsible for generating patterns of phenotypic variation and can operate over dramatically different timescales (milliseconds to billions of years). While researchers often study phenotypic variation at specific levels of biological organization to isolate processes operating at that particular scale, the varying types of sequence data, or 'omics, can also provide complementary inferences to link molecular and phenotypic variation to produce an integrated view of evolutionary biology, ranging from molecular pathways to speciation. We briefly describe how 'omics has been used across biological levels and then demonstrate the utility of integrating different types of sequencing data across multiple biological levels within the same study to better understand biological phenomena. However, single-time-point studies cannot evaluate the temporal dynamics of these biological processes. Therefore, we put forward temporal 'omics as a framework that can better enable researchers to study the temporal dynamics of target processes. Temporal 'omics is not infallible, as the temporal sampling regime directly impacts inferential ability. Thus, we also discuss the role the temporal sampling regime plays in deriving inferences about the environmental conditions driving biological processes and provide examples that demonstrate the impact of the sampling regime on biological inference. Finally, we forecast the future of temporal 'omics by highlighting current methodological advancements that will enable temporal 'omics to be extended across species and timescales. We extend this discussion to using temporal multi-omics to integrate across the biological hierarchy to evaluate and link the temporal dynamics of processes that generate phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Snead
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 300 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - René D Clark
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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6
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Princepe D, de Aguiar MAM, Plotkin JB. Mito-nuclear selection induces a trade-off between species ecological dominance and evolutionary lifespan. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1992-2002. [PMID: 36216905 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial and nuclear genomes must be co-adapted to ensure proper cellular respiration and energy production. Mito-nuclear incompatibility reduces individual fitness and induces hybrid infertility, which can drive reproductive barriers and speciation. Here, we develop a birth-death model for evolution in spatially extended populations under selection for mito-nuclear co-adaptation. Mating is constrained by physical and genetic proximity, and offspring inherit nuclear genomes from both parents, with recombination. The model predicts macroscopic patterns including a community's species diversity, species abundance distribution, speciation and extinction rates, as well as intraspecific and interspecific genetic variation. We explore how these long-term outcomes depend upon the parameters of reproduction: individual fitness governed by mito-nuclear compatibility, constraints on mating compatibility and ecological carrying capacity. We find that strong selection for mito-nuclear compatibility reduces the equilibrium number of species after a radiation, increasing species' abundances and simultaneously increasing both speciation and extinction rates. The negative correlation between species diversity and diversification rates in our model agrees with the broad empirical pattern of lower diversity and higher speciation/extinction rates in temperate regions, compared to the tropics. We conclude that these empirical patterns may be caused in part by latitudinal variation in metabolic demands and corresponding variation in selection for mito-nuclear function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Princepe
- Instituto de Física 'Gleb Wataghin', Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Marcus A M de Aguiar
- Instituto de Física 'Gleb Wataghin', Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joshua B Plotkin
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Hancock ZB, Lehmberg ES, Blackmon H. Phylogenetics in Space: How Continuous Spatial Structure Impacts Tree Inference. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 173:107505. [PMID: 35577296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The tendency to discretize biology permeates taxonomy and systematics, leading to models that simplify the often continuous nature of populations. Even when the assumption of panmixia is relaxed, most models still assume some degree of discrete structure. The multispecies coalescent has emerged as a powerful model in phylogenetics, but in its common implementation is entirely space-independent - what we call the "missing z-axis". In this article, we review the many lines of evidence for how continuous spatial structure can impact phylogenetic inference. We illustrate and expand on these by using complex continuous-space demographic models that include distinct modes of speciation. We find that the impact of spatial structure permeates all aspects of phylogenetic inference, including gene tree stoichiometry, topological and branch-length variance, network estimation, and species delimitation. We conclude by utilizing our results to suggest how researchers can identify spatial structure in phylogenetic datasets.
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8
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Othman SN, Litvinchuk SN, Maslova I, Dahn H, Messenger KR, Andersen D, Jowers MJ, Kojima Y, Skorinov DV, Yasumiba K, Chuang MF, Chen YH, Bae Y, Hoti J, Jang Y, Borzee A. From Gondwana to the Yellow Sea, evolutionary diversifications of true toads Bufo sp. in the Eastern Palearctic and a revisit of species boundaries for Asian lineages. eLife 2022; 11:e70494. [PMID: 35089130 PMCID: PMC8920510 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxa with vast distribution ranges often display unresolved phylogeographic structures and unclear taxonomic boundaries resulting in hidden diversity. This hypothesis-driven study reveals the evolutionary history of Bufonidae, covering the phylogeographic patterns found in Holarctic bufonids from the West Gondwana to the phylogenetic taxonomy of Asiatic true toads in the Eastern Palearctic. We used an integrative approach relying on fossilized birth-death calibrations, population dynamics, gene-flow, species distribution, and species delimitation modeling to resolve the biogeography of the clade and highlight cryptic lineages. We verified the near-simultaneous Miocene radiations within Western and Eastern Palearctic Bufo, c. 14.49-10.00 Mya, temporally matching with the maximum dust outflows in Central Asian deserts. Contrary to earlier studies, we demonstrated that the combined impacts of long dispersal and ice-age refugia equally contributed to the current genetic structure of Bufo in East Asia. Our findings reveal a climate-driven adaptation in septentrional Eastern Asian Bufo, explaining its range shifts toward northern latitudes. We resolve species boundaries within the Eastern Palearctic Bufo, and redefine the taxonomic and conservation units of the northeastern species: B. sachalinensis and its subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti N Othman
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Spartak N Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. PetersburgRussian Federation
| | - Irina Maslova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostokRussian Federation
| | - Hollis Dahn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Kevin R Messenger
- Herpetology and Applied Conservation Laboratory, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Desiree Andersen
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Michael J Jowers
- CIBIO/InBIO (Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos), Universidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Yosuke Kojima
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Dmitry V Skorinov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. PetersburgRussian Federation
| | | | - Ming-Feng Chuang
- Department of Life Sciences and Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yi-Huey Chen
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yoonhyuk Bae
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jennifer Hoti
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Amael Borzee
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
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9
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OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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10
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Mas-Peinado P, García-París M, Ruiz JL, Buckley D. The Strait of Gibraltar is an ineffective palaeogeographic barrier for some flightless darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pimelia). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The geographic distribution of a species is shaped by its biology and by environmental and palaeogeographic factors that interact at different spatial-temporal scales, which leads to distributions and diversification patterns observed between and within lineages. The darkling beetle genus Pimelia has been diversifying for more than 31.2 Mya showing different colonization patterns after the opening of the Gibraltar Strait 5 Mya. Three of the 14 subgenera of Pimelia have populations on both sides of the Strait. Through extensive sampling and the analysis of three molecular markers, we determine levels of intra- and interspecific genetic variation, identify evolutionary lineages in subgenera, estimate their temporal origin and distribution ranges and discuss the historical basis for the geographic and diversification patterns of Pimelia around the Strait. This single geographical feature acted both as a barrier and as a dispersal route for different Pimelia species. The Strait has represented a strong barrier for the subgenus Magrebmelia since the Middle Miocene. However, the subgenera Amblyptera and Amblypteraca share repetitive signatures of post-Messinian colonization across the Strait, possibly driven by stochastic or ‘catastrophic’ events such as tsunamis. Our demographic analyses support Wallace’s hypothesis on insect dispersal stochasticity. Some taxonomic changes, including the designation of a lectotype for Pimelia maura, are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Mas-Peinado
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006-Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Darwin 2, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario García-París
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Ruiz
- Instituto de Estudios Ceutíes, Paseo del Revellín 30, 51001-Ceuta, Spain
| | - David Buckley
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006-Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Darwin 2, 28049-Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología (Genética), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), c/ Darwin 2, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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11
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Chou MH, Tseng WZ, Sang YD, Morgan B, De Vivo M, Kuan YH, Wang LJ, Chen WY, Huang JP. Incipient speciation and its impact on taxonomic decision: a case study using a sky island sister-species pair of stag beetles (Lucanidae: Lucanus). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Species delimitation can be difficult when the divergence between focal taxa is in the incipient stage of speciation, because conflicting results are expected among different data sets, and the species limits can differ depending on the species concept applied. We studied speciation history and investigated the impact on taxonomic decision-making when using different types of data in a Taiwanese endemic sister-species pair of stag beetles, Lucanus miwai and Lucanus yulaoensis, from sky island habitats. We showed that the two geographical taxa can be diagnosed by male mandibular shape. We found two mitochondrial co1 lineages with pairwise sequence divergence > 3%; however, L. miwai might not be monophyletic. The result of our multispecies coalescent-based species delimitation using five nuclear loci supported the evolutionary independence of the two sister species, but the calculated values of the genealogical divergence index (gdi) corresponded to the ambiguous zone of species delimitation. We also showed that post-divergence gene flow is unlikely. Our study demonstrates challenges in the delineation of incipient species, but shows the importance of understanding the speciation history and adopting integrative approaches to reconcile seemingly conflicting results before making evolutionarily relevant taxonomic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsun Chou
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Tseng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-De Sang
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brett Morgan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mattia De Vivo
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Kuan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jong Wang
- Division of Forest Protection, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yun Chen
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pan Huang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Hancock ZB, Blackmon H. Ghosts of a Structured Past: Impacts of Ancestral Patterns of Isolation-by-Distance on Divergence-Time Estimation. J Hered 2021; 111:573-582. [PMID: 33031560 PMCID: PMC7896184 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolation-by-distance is a widespread pattern in nature that describes the reduction of genetic correlation between subpopulations with increased geographic distance. In the population ancestral to modern sister species, this pattern may hypothetically inflate population divergence time estimation due to allele frequency differences in subpopulations at the ends of the ancestral population. In this study, we analyze the relationship between the time to the most recent common ancestor and the population divergence time when the ancestral population model is a linear stepping-stone. Using coalescent simulations, we compare the coalescent time to the population divergence time for various ratios of the divergence time over the population size. Next, we simulate whole genomes to obtain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and use the Bayesian coalescent program SNAPP to estimate divergence times. We find that as the rate of migration between neighboring demes decreases, the coalescent time becomes significantly greater than the population divergence time when sampled from end demes. Divergence-time overestimation in SNAPP becomes severe when the divergence-to-population size ratio < 10 and migration is low. Finally, we demonstrate the impact of ancestral isolation-by-distance on divergence-time estimation using an empirical dataset of squamates (Tropidurus) endemic to Brazil. We conclude that studies estimating divergence times should be cognizant of the potential ancestral population structure in an explicitly spatial context or risk dramatically overestimating the timing of population splits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B Hancock
- Department of Biology at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Interdisciplinary Program at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Heath Blackmon
- Department of Biology at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Interdisciplinary Program at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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13
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Fenker J, Tedeschi LG, Melville J, Moritz C. Predictors of phylogeographic structure among codistributed taxa across the complex Australian monsoonal tropics. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4276-4291. [PMID: 34216506 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the geographic scale and depth of phylogeographic structure across codistributed taxa can reveal how microevolutionary processes such as population isolation and persistence drive diversification. In turn, environmental heterogeneity, species' traits, and historical biogeographic barriers may influence the potential for isolation and persistence. Using extensive SNP data and a combination of population genetic summary statistics and landscape genomic analyses, we explored predictors of the scale and depth of phylogeographic structure in codistributed lizard taxa from the topographically and climatically complex monsoonal tropics (AMT) of Australia. We first resolved intraspecific lineages and then tested whether genetic divergence across space within lineages is related to isolation by distance, resistance and/or environment and whether these factors differ across genera or between rock-related versus habitat generalist taxa. We then tested whether microevolutionary processes within lineages explain differences in the geographic scale and depth of intraspecific phylogeographic lineages. The results indicated that landscape predictors of phylogeographic structure differ between taxa. Within lineages, there was prevalent isolation by distance, but the strength of isolation by distance is independent of the taxonomic family, habitat specialization, and climate. Isolation by environment is the strongest predictor of landscape-scale genetic divergence for all taxa, with both temperature and precipitation acting as limiting factors. The strength of isolation by distance does not predict the geographic scale of the phylogeographic structure. However, more localized lineages had higher mean individual heterozygosity and less negative Tajima's D. This result implies that finer-scale phylogeographic structuring within species is associated with larger and more stable populations and, hence, persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fenker
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Leonardo G Tedeschi
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jane Melville
- Department of Sciences, Museums Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig Moritz
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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14
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de Alencar LRV, Quental TB. Linking population-level and microevolutionary processes to understand speciation dynamics at the macroevolutionary scale. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:5828-5843. [PMID: 34141187 PMCID: PMC8207422 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although speciation dynamics have been described for several taxonomic groups in distinct geographic regions, most macroevolutionary studies still lack a detailed mechanistic view on how or why speciation rates change. To help partially fill this gap, we suggest that the interaction between the time taken by a species to geographically expand and the time populations take to evolve reproductive isolation should be considered when we are trying to understand macroevolutionary patterns. We introduce a simple conceptual index to guide our discussion on how demographic and microevolutionary processes might produce speciation dynamics at macroevolutionary scales. Our framework is developed under different scenarios: when speciation is mediated by geographical or resource-partitioning opportunities, and when diversity is limited or not. We also discuss how organismal intrinsic properties and different overall geographical settings can influence the tempo and mode of speciation. We argue that specific conditions observed at the microscale might produce a pulse in speciation rates even without a pulse in either climate or physical barriers. We also propose a hypothesis to reconcile the apparent inconsistency between speciation measured at the microscale and macroscale, and emphasize that diversification rates are better seen as an emergent property. We hope to bring the reader's attention to interesting mechanisms to be further studied, to motivate the development of new theoretical models that connect microevolution and macroevolution, and to inspire new empirical and methodological approaches to more adequately investigate speciation dynamics either using neontological or paleontological data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago Bosisio Quental
- Departamento de EcologiaInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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15
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Hancock ZB, Lehmberg ES, Bradburd GS. Neo-darwinism still haunts evolutionary theory: A modern perspective on Charlesworth, Lande, and Slatkin (1982). Evolution 2021; 75:1244-1255. [PMID: 33999415 PMCID: PMC8979413 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Modern Synthesis (or "Neo-Darwinism"), which arose out of the reconciliation of Darwin's theory of natural selection and Mendel's research on genetics, remains the foundation of evolutionary theory. However, since its inception, it has been a lightning rod for criticism, which has ranged from minor quibbles to complete dismissal. Among the most famous of the critics was Stephen Jay Gould, who, in 1980, proclaimed that the Modern Synthesis was "effectively dead." Gould and others claimed that the action of natural selection on random mutations was insufficient on its own to explain patterns of macroevolutionary diversity and divergence, and that new processes were required to explain findings from the fossil record. In 1982, Charlesworth, Lande, and Slatkin published a response to this critique in Evolution, in which they argued that Neo-Darwinism was indeed sufficient to explain macroevolutionary patterns. In this Perspective for the 75th Anniversary of the Society for the Study of Evolution, we review Charlesworth et al. in its historical context and provide modern support for their arguments. We emphasize the importance of microevolutionary processes in the study of macroevolutionary patterns. Ultimately, we conclude that punctuated equilibrium did not represent a major revolution in evolutionary biology - although debate on this point stimulated significant research and furthered the field - and that Neo-Darwinism is alive and well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B. Hancock
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Emma S. Lehmberg
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Interdisciplinary Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Gideon S. Bradburd
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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16
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Thompson CL, Alberti M, Barve S, Battistuzzi FU, Drake JL, Goncalves GC, Govaert L, Partridge C, Yang Y. Back to the future: Reintegrating biology to understand how past eco-evolutionary change can predict future outcomes. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:2218-2232. [PMID: 33964141 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few decades, biologists have made remarkable progress in understanding the fundamental processes that shape life. But despite the unprecedented level of knowledge now available, large gaps still remain in our understanding of the complex interplay of eco-evolutionary mechanisms across scales of life. Rapidly changing environments on Earth provide a pressing need to understand the potential implications of eco-evolutionary dynamics, which can be achieved by improving existing eco-evolutionary models and fostering convergence among the sub-fields of biology. We propose a new, data-driven approach that harnesses our knowledge of the functioning of biological systems to expand current conceptual frameworks and develop corresponding models that can more accurately represent and predict future eco-evolutionary outcomes. We suggest a roadmap toward achieving this goal. This long-term vision will move biology in a direction that can wield these predictive models for scientific applications that benefit humanity and increase the resilience of natural biological systems. We identify short, medium, and long-term key objectives to connect our current state of knowledge to this long-term vision, iteratively progressing across three stages: 1) utilizing knowledge of biological systems to better inform eco-evolutionary models, 2) generating models with more accurate predictions, and 3) applying predictive models to benefit the biosphere. Within each stage, we outline avenues of investigation and scientific applications related to the timescales over which evolution occurs, the parameter space of eco-evolutionary processes, and the dynamic interactions between these mechanisms. The ability to accurately model, monitor, and anticipate eco-evolutionary changes would be transformational to humanity's interaction with the global environment, providing novel tools to benefit human health, protect the natural world, and manage our planet's biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Alberti
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington,
| | - Sahas Barve
- Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History,
| | | | - Jeana L Drake
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California Los Angeles,
| | | | - Lynn Govaert
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, URPP Global Change and Biodiversity, University of Zurich,
| | | | - Ya Yang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota,
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17
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Sukumaran J, Holder MT, Knowles LL. Incorporating the speciation process into species delimitation. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008924. [PMID: 33983918 PMCID: PMC8118268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The "multispecies" coalescent (MSC) model that underlies many genomic species-delimitation approaches is problematic because it does not distinguish between genetic structure associated with species versus that of populations within species. Consequently, as both the genomic and spatial resolution of data increases, a proliferation of artifactual species results as within-species population lineages, detected due to restrictions in gene flow, are identified as distinct species. The toll of this extends beyond systematic studies, getting magnified across the many disciplines that rely upon an accurate framework of identified species. Here we present the first of a new class of approaches that addresses this issue by incorporating an extended speciation process for species delimitation. We model the formation of population lineages and their subsequent development into independent species as separate processes and provide for a way to incorporate current understanding of the species boundaries in the system through specification of species identities of a subset of population lineages. As a result, species boundaries and within-species lineages boundaries can be discriminated across the entire system, and species identities can be assigned to the remaining lineages of unknown affinities with quantified probabilities. In addition to the identification of species units in nature, the primary goal of species delimitation, the incorporation of a speciation model also allows us insights into the links between population and species-level processes. By explicitly accounting for restrictions in gene flow not only between, but also within, species, we also address the limits of genetic data for delimiting species. Specifically, while genetic data alone is not sufficient for accurate delimitation, when considered in conjunction with other information we are able to not only learn about species boundaries, but also about the tempo of the speciation process itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeet Sukumaran
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mark T. Holder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - L. Lacey Knowles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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18
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Lynch LM, Felice R, O'Brien HD. Appendicular skeletal morphology of North American Martes reflect independent modes of evolution in conjunction with Pleistocene glacial cycles. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:1439-1462. [PMID: 33099887 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pleistocene glacial cycles are thought to have driven ecological niche shifts, including novel niche formation. North American pine martens, Martes americana and M. caurina, are exemplar taxa thought to have diverged molecularly and morphologically during Pleistocene glaciation. Previous research found correlations between Martes limb morphology with biome and climate, suggesting that appendicular evolution may have occurred via adaptation to selective pressures imposed by novel and shifting habitats. Such variation can also be achieved through non-adaptive means such as genetic drift. Here, we evaluate whether regional genetic differences reflect limb morphology differences among populations of M. americana and M. caurina by analyzing evolutionary tempo and mode of six limb elements. Our comparative phylogenetic models indicate that genetic structure predicts limb shape better than size. Marten limb size has low phylogenetic signal, and the best supported model of evolution is punctuational (kappa), with morphological and genetic divergence occurring simultaneously. Disparity through time analysis suggests that the tempo of limb evolution in Martes tracks Pleistocene glacial cycles, such that limb size may be responding to shifting climates rather than population genetic structure. Contrarily, we find that limb shape is strongly tied to genetic relationships, with high phylogenetic signal and a lambda mode of evolution. Overall, this pattern of limb size and shape variation may be the result of geographic isolation during Pleistocene glacial advance, while declines in disparity suggest hybridization during interglacial periods. Future inclusion of extinct populations of Martes, which were more morphologically and ecologically diverse, may further clarify Martes phenotypic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigha M Lynch
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.,Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan Felice
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haley D O'Brien
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
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19
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van der Geer AA. Size matters: micro-evolution in Polynesian rats highlights body size changes as initial stage in evolution. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9076. [PMID: 32377457 PMCID: PMC7194086 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microevolutionary patterns in populations of introduced rodent species have often been the focus of analytic studies for their potential relevance to understanding vertebrate evolution. The Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) is an excellent proxy species because of its wide geographic and temporal distribution: its native and introduced combined range spans half the globe and it has been living for at least seven centuries wherever it was introduced. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of long-term isolation (insularity; up to 4,000 years) and geographic variables on skull shape variation using geometric morphometrics. A sample of 513 specimens from 103 islands and four mainland areas was analysed. This study, to my knowledge the first to extensively sample introduced rats, analysed 59 two-dimensional landmarks on the skull. Landmarks were obtained in three separate aspects (dorsal, lateral, ventral skull view). The coordinate data were then subjected to a multivariate ordination analysis (principal components analysis, or PCA), multivariate regressions, and a canonical variates analysis (CVA). Three measures of disparity were evaluated for each view. The results show that introduced Polynesian rats evolve skull shapes that conform to the general mammalian interspecific pattern of cranial evolutionary allometry (CREA), with proportionally longer snouts in larger specimens. In addition, larger skulls are more tubular in shape than the smaller skulls, which are more balloon-shaped with a rounder and wider braincase relative to those of large skulls. This difference is also observed between the sexes (sexual dimorphism), due to the slightly larger average male size. Large, tubular skulls with long snouts are typical for Polynesia and Remote Oceania, where no native mammals occur. The greater disparity of Polynesian rats on mammal species-poor islands ('exulans-only' region) provides further insight into how diversity may affect diversification through ecological release from predators and competitors.
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20
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Harvey MG, Singhal S, Rabosky DL. Beyond Reproductive Isolation: Demographic Controls on the Speciation Process. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Studies of speciation typically investigate the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations, but several other processes can serve as key steps limiting the formation of species. In particular, the probability of successful speciation can be influenced by factors that affect the frequency with which population isolates form as well as their persistence through time. We suggest that population isolation and persistence have an inherently spatial dimension that can be profitably studied using a conceptual framework drawn from metapopulation ecology. We discuss models of speciation that incorporate demographic processes and highlight the need for a broader application of phylogenetic comparative approaches to evaluate the general importance of population isolation, persistence, and reproductive isolation in speciation. We review diverse and nontraditional data sources that can be leveraged to study isolation and persistence in a comparative framework. This incorporation of spatial demographic information facilitates the integration of perspectives on speciation across disciplines and timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Harvey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Sonal Singhal
- Department of Biology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
| | - Daniel L. Rabosky
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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21
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Huang JP, Knowles LL. Testing the impact of oceanic barriers on population subdivision, speciation and zoogeographical community assembly in Xylotrupes beetles across the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Pan Huang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L Lacey Knowles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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