1
|
Pandey S, Chmelir T, Chottova Dvorakova M. Animal Models in Diabetic Research-History, Presence, and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2852. [PMID: 37893225 PMCID: PMC10603837 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a very serious disease, the incidence of which has been increasing worldwide. The beginning of diabetic research can be traced back to the 17th century. Since then, animals have been experimented on for diabetic research. However, the greatest development of diabetes research occurred in the second half of the last century, along with the development of laboratory techniques. Information obtained by monitoring patients and animal models led to the finding that there are several types of DM that differ significantly from each other in the causes of the onset and course of the disease. Through different types of animal models, researchers have studied the pathophysiology of all types of diabetic conditions and discovered suitable methods for therapy. Interestingly, despite the unquestionable success in understanding DM through animal models, we did not fully succeed in transferring the data obtained from animal models to human clinical research. On the contrary, we have observed that the chances of drug failure in human clinical trials are very high. In this review, we will summarize the history and presence of animal models in the research of DM over the last hundred years. Furthermore, we have summarized the new methodological approaches, such as "organ-on-chip," that have the potential to screen the newly discovered drugs for human clinical trials and advance the level of knowledge about diabetes, as well as its therapy, towards a personalized approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Pandey
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Chmelir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
| | - Magdalena Chottova Dvorakova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Novel loci for hyperglycemia identified by QTL mapping of longitudinal phenotypes and congenic analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1315. [PMID: 36693911 PMCID: PMC9873599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that four hyperglycemia loci are located on three chromosomes in the Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda (NSY) mouse model, commonly used to study type 2 diabetes. However, we did not search for hyperglycemia loci across all chromosomes. In this study, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping of longitudinal phenotypes from crosses between NSY (hyperglycemic) and C3H (normoglycemic) mice. We identified four new QTLs for hyperglycemia, namely Nidd5nsy, Nidd6nsy, Nidd1c3h, and Nidd2c3h, on Chromosome 1, 4, 10, and 13, respectively. These QTLs were associated with hyperglycemia in young mice and had attenuated effects in older mice. Nidd5nsy and Nidd6nsy were hyperglycemic with NSY alleles, and Nidd1c3h and Nidd2c3h were hyperglycemic with C3H alleles. We further bred Nidd5nsy congenic mice and demonstrated that Nidd5nsy has a strong effect on hyperglycemia when young, accompanied by insulin resistance and visceral fat accumulation. These results showed that the effects of individual QTLs strengthened or weakened with age, and that the sum of the effects of QTLs captured the age-related deterioration of glucose tolerance in individuals. Our results support the importance of longitudinal phenotypes in the genetic analysis of polygenic traits and have implications for the genetic basis and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in humans.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kobayashi M, Ueda H, Babaya N, Itoi-Babaya M, Noso S, Fujisawa T, Horio F, Ikegami H. Type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes on mouse chromosome 11 under high sucrose environment. BMC Genet 2020; 21:81. [PMID: 32703163 PMCID: PMC7379357 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to type 2 diabetes development. We used consomic mice established from an animal type 2 diabetes model to identify susceptibility genes that contribute to type 2 diabetes development under specific environments. We previously established consomic strains (C3H-Chr 11NSY and C3H-Chr 14NSY) that possess diabetogenic Chr 11 or 14 of the Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda (NSY) mouse, an animal model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes, in the genetic background of C3H mice. To search genes contribute to type 2 diabetes under specific environment, we first investigated whether sucrose administration deteriorates type 2 diabetes-related traits in the consomic strains. We dissected loci on Chr 11 by establishing congenic strains possessing different segments of NSY-derived Chr 11 under sucrose administration. Results In C3H-Chr 11NSY mice, sucrose administration for 10 weeks deteriorated hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion, which is comparable to NSY mice with sucrose. In C3H-Chr 14NSY mice, sucrose administration induced glucose intolerance, but not insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. To dissect the gene(s) existing on Chr 11 for sucrose-induced type 2 diabetes, we constructed four novel congenic strains (R1, R2, R3, and R4) with different segments of NSY-derived Chr 11 in C3H mice. R2 mice showed marked glucose intolerance and impaired insulin secretion comparable to C3H-Chr 11NSY mice. R3 and R4 mice also showed impaired insulin secretion. R4 mice showed significant decreases in white adipose tissue, which is in the opposite direction from parental C3H-Chr 11NSY and NSY mice. None of the four congenic strains showed insulin resistance. Conclusions Genes on mouse Chr 11 could explain glucose intolerance, impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance in NSY mice under sucrose administration. Congenic mapping with high sucrose environment localized susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes associated with impaired insulin secretion in the middle segment (26.0–63.4 Mb) of Chr 11. Gene(s) that decrease white adipose tissue were mapped to the distal segment of Chr 11. The identification of diabetogenic gene on Chr 11 in the future study will facilitate precision medicine in type 2 diabetes by controlling specific environments in targeted subjects with susceptible genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misato Kobayashi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hironori Ueda
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Health Care Center, KSC branch, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naru Babaya
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 337-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Michiko Itoi-Babaya
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Health Care Center, Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Noso
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 337-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujisawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Sakai City Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Horio
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikegami
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 337-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nagao M, Esguerra JLS, Wendt A, Asai A, Sugihara H, Oikawa S, Eliasson L. Selectively Bred Diabetes Models: GK Rats, NSY Mice, and ON Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2128:25-54. [PMID: 32180184 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0385-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The polygenic background of selectively bred diabetes models mimics the etiology of type 2 diabetes. So far, three different rodent models (Goto-Kakizaki rats, Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda mice, and Oikawa-Nagao mice) have been established in the diabetes research field by continuous selective breeding for glucose tolerance from outbred rodent stocks. The origin of hyperglycemia in these rodents is mainly insulin secretion deficiency from the pancreatic β-cells and mild insulin resistance in insulin target organs. In this chapter, we summarize backgrounds and phenotypes of these rodent models to highlight their importance in diabetes research. Then, we introduce experimental methodologies to evaluate β-cell exocytosis as a putative common defect observed in these rodent models.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Exocytosis
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Glucose Intolerance
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Insulin Secretion/physiology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/chemistry
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/cytology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Patch-Clamp Techniques/methods
- Phenotype
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Selective Breeding/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mototsugu Nagao
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jonathan Lou S Esguerra
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Wendt
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Akira Asai
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugihara
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Oikawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Diabetes and Lifestyle-related Disease Center, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Fukujuji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Babaya N, Ueda H, Noso S, Hiromine Y, Itoi-Babaya M, Kobayashi M, Fujisawa T, Ikegami H. Verification That Mouse Chromosome 14 Is Responsible for Susceptibility to Streptozotocin in NSY Mice. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7654979. [PMID: 30584426 PMCID: PMC6280298 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7654979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes is under polygenic control, and the genetic loci for STZ susceptibility are mapped to chromosome (Chr) 11 in Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda (NSY) mice. In addition to Chr11, other genes on different chromosomes may contribute to STZ susceptibility in NSY mice. The aim of this study was to determine whether NSY-Chr14 contributes to STZ susceptibility and contains the STZ-susceptible region. MATERIALS AND METHODS A consomic C3H-14NSY strain (R0: homozygous for NSY-derived whole Chr14 on the control C3H background), two congenic strains (R1: the region retained proximal and middle segments of NSY-Chr14 and R2: the region retained a proximal segment of NSY-Chr14), and parental NSY and C3H mice were intraperitoneally injected with a single injection of STZ at a dose of 175 mg/kg body weight at 12 weeks of age. Blood glucose levels and body weights were measured at days 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 14 after STZ injection. At day 14 after STZ injection, pancreata were dissected and fixed. RESULTS After STZ injection, blood glucose levels were significantly higher in R0 mice than in C3H mice. However, blood glucose levels in R0 mice were not as severely affected as those in NSY mice. In R1 and R2 mice, blood glucose levels were similar to those in C3H mice and were significantly lower than those in R0 mice. Body weights were decreased in NSY and R0 mice; however, this change was not observed in R1, R2, and C3H mice. Although islet tissues in all strains exhibited degeneration and cellular infiltration, histological changes in NSY and R0 mice were more severe than those in R1, R2, and C3H mice. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that NSY-Chr14 was a STZ-susceptible chromosome and that STZ susceptibility was mapped to the distal segment of NSY-Chr14.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naru Babaya
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Ueda
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Noso
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hiromine
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Misato Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Ikegami
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Buchner DA, Nadeau JH. Contrasting genetic architectures in different mouse reference populations used for studying complex traits. Genome Res 2015; 25:775-91. [PMID: 25953951 PMCID: PMC4448675 DOI: 10.1101/gr.187450.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are being used to study genetic networks, protein functions, and systems properties that underlie phenotypic variation and disease risk in humans, model organisms, agricultural species, and natural populations. The challenges are many, beginning with the seemingly simple tasks of mapping QTLs and identifying their underlying genetic determinants. Various specialized resources have been developed to study complex traits in many model organisms. In the mouse, remarkably different pictures of genetic architectures are emerging. Chromosome Substitution Strains (CSSs) reveal many QTLs, large phenotypic effects, pervasive epistasis, and readily identified genetic variants. In contrast, other resources as well as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in humans and other species reveal genetic architectures dominated with a relatively modest number of QTLs that have small individual and combined phenotypic effects. These contrasting architectures are the result of intrinsic differences in the study designs underlying different resources. The CSSs examine context-dependent phenotypic effects independently among individual genotypes, whereas with GWAS and other mouse resources, the average effect of each QTL is assessed among many individuals with heterogeneous genetic backgrounds. We argue that variation of genetic architectures among individuals is as important as population averages. Each of these important resources has particular merits and specific applications for these individual and population perspectives. Collectively, these resources together with high-throughput genotyping, sequencing and genetic engineering technologies, and information repositories highlight the power of the mouse for genetic, functional, and systems studies of complex traits and disease models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Buchner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Joseph H Nadeau
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA
| |
Collapse
|