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Dong W, Li D, Zhang L, Tao P, Zhang Y. Flowering-associated gene expression and metabolic characteristics in adzuki bean ( Vigna angularis L.) with different short-day induction periods. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17716. [PMID: 39035158 PMCID: PMC11260412 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The adzuki bean is a typical short-day plant and an important grain crop that is widely used due to its high nutritional and medicinal value. The adzuki bean flowering time is affected by multiple environmental factors, particularly the photoperiod. Adjusting the day length can induce flower synchronization in adzuki bean and accelerate the breeding process. In this study, we used RNA sequencing analysis to determine the effects of different day lengths on gene expression and metabolic characteristics related to adzuki bean flowering time. Methods 'Tangshan hong xiao dou' was used as the experimental material in this study and field experiments were conducted in 2022 using a randomized block design with three treatments: short-day induction periods of 5 d (SD-5d), 10 d (SD-10d), and 15 d (SD-15d). Results A total of 5,939 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 38.09% were up-regulated and 23.81% were down-regulated. Gene ontology enrichment analysis was performed on the target genes to identify common functions related to photosystems I and II. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis identified two pathways involved in the antenna protein and circadian rhythm. Furthermore, florescence was promoted by down-regulating genes in the circadian rhythm pathway through the blue light metabolic pathway; whereas, antenna proteins promoted flowering by enhancing the reception of light signals and accelerating electron transport. In these two metabolic pathways, the number of DEGs was the greatest between the SD-5d VS SD-15d groups. Real-time reverse transcription‒quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis results of eight DEGs were consistent with the sequencing results. Thus, the sequencing results were accurate and reliable and eight genes were identified as candidates for the regulation of short-day induction at the adzuki bean seedling stage. Conclusions Short-day induction was able to down-regulate the expression of genes related to flowering according to the circadian rhythm and up-regulate the expression of certain genes in the antenna protein pathway. The results provide a theoretical reference for the molecular mechanism of short-day induction and multi-level information for future functional studies to verify the key genes regulating adzuki bean flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Dong
- College of Agronomy and Medical, Hebei Open University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Peijun Tao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yuechen Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Ambika, Aski MS, Gayacharan, Hamwieh A, Talukdar A, Kumar Gupta S, Sharma BB, Joshi R, Upadhyaya HD, Singh K, Kumar R. Unraveling Origin, History, Genetics, and Strategies for Accelerated Domestication and Diversification of Food Legumes. Front Genet 2022; 13:932430. [PMID: 35979429 PMCID: PMC9376740 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.932430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestication is a dynamic and ongoing process of transforming wild species into cultivated species by selecting desirable agricultural plant features to meet human needs such as taste, yield, storage, and cultivation practices. Human plant domestication began in the Fertile Crescent around 12,000 years ago and spread throughout the world, including China, Mesoamerica, the Andes and Near Oceania, Sub-Saharan Africa, and eastern North America. Indus valley civilizations have played a great role in the domestication of grain legumes. Crops, such as pigeon pea, black gram, green gram, lablab bean, moth bean, and horse gram, originated in the Indian subcontinent, and Neolithic archaeological records indicate that these crops were first domesticated by early civilizations in the region. The domestication and evolution of wild ancestors into today’s elite cultivars are important contributors to global food supply and agricultural crop improvement. In addition, food legumes contribute to food security by protecting human health and minimize climate change impacts. During the domestication process, legume crop species have undergone a severe genetic diversity loss, and only a very narrow range of variability is retained in the cultivars. Further reduction in genetic diversity occurred during seed dispersal and movement across the continents. In general, only a few traits, such as shattering resistance, seed dormancy loss, stem growth behavior, flowering–maturity period, and yield traits, have prominence in the domestication process across the species. Thus, identification and knowledge of domestication responsive loci were often useful in accelerating new species’ domestication. The genes and metabolic pathways responsible for the significant alterations that occurred as an outcome of domestication might aid in the quick domestication of novel crops. Further, recent advances in “omics” sciences, gene-editing technologies, and functional analysis will accelerate the domestication and crop improvement of new crop species without losing much genetic diversity. In this review, we have discussed about the origin, center of diversity, and seed movement of major food legumes, which will be useful in the exploration and utilization of genetic diversity in crop improvement. Further, we have discussed about the major genes/QTLs associated with the domestication syndrome in pulse crops and the future strategies to improve the food legume crops.
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Alemu A, Brantestam AK, Chawade A. Unraveling the Genetic Basis of Key Agronomic Traits of Wrinkled Vining Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) for Sustainable Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:844450. [PMID: 35360298 PMCID: PMC8964273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.844450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Estimating the allelic variation and exploring the genetic basis of quantitatively inherited complex traits are the two foremost breeding scenarios for sustainable crop production. The current study utilized 188 wrinkled vining pea genotypes comprising historical varieties and breeding lines to evaluate the existing genetic diversity and to detect molecular markers associated with traits relevant to vining pea production, such as wrinkled vining pea yield (YTM100), plant height (PH), earliness (ERL), adult plant resistance to downy mildew (DM), pod length (PDL), numbers of pods per plant (PDP), number of peas per pod (PPD), and percent of small wrinkled vining peas (PSP). Marker-trait associations (MTAs) were conducted using 6902 quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated from the diversity arrays technology sequencing (DArTseq) and Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) sequencing methods. The best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values were estimated from the two-decades-long (1999-2020) unbalanced phenotypic data sets recorded from two private breeding programs, the Findus and the Birds eye, now owned by Nomad Foods. Analysis of variance revealed a highly significant variation between genotypes and genotype-by-environment interactions for the ten traits. The genetic diversity and population structure analyses estimated an intermediate level of genetic variation with two optimal sub-groups within the current panel. A total of 48 significant (P < 0.0001) MTAs were identified for eight different traits, including five for wrinkled vining pea yield on chr2LG1, chr4LG4, chr7LG7, and scaffolds (two), and six for adult plant resistance to downy mildew on chr1LG6, chr3LG5 (two), chr6LG2, and chr7LG7 (two). We reported several novel MTAs for different crucial traits with agronomic importance in wrinkled vining pea production for the first time, and these candidate markers could be easily validated and integrated into the active breeding programs for marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Admas Alemu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Hagenblad J, Vanhala T, Madhavan S, Leino MW. Protein content and HvNAM alleles in Nordic barley (Hordeum vulgare) during a century of breeding. Hereditas 2022; 159:12. [PMID: 35094697 PMCID: PMC8802435 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Barley has been bred for more than a century in the Nordic countries, with dramatic improvements of yield traits. In this study we investigate if this has come at the cost of lower grain protein and micronutrient (iron, zinc) content, by analysing 80 accessions representing four different improvement stages. We further re-sequenced the two grain protein content associated genes HvNAM-1 and HvNAM-2 in full and performed expression analyses of the same genes to search for genetic associations with nutrient content. Results We found higher thousand grain weight in barley landraces and in accessions from the late improvement group compared to accessions from the mid of the twentieth century. Straw length was much reduced in late stage accessions. No significant temporal decrease in grain protein, iron or zinc content during twentieth century Nordic crop improvement could be detected. Out of the 80 accessions only two deviant HvNAM-1 sequences were found, represented by one accession each. These do not appear to be correlated to grain protein content. The sequence of HvNAM-2 was invariable in all accessions and no correlations between expression levels of HvNAM-1 and HvNAM-2 and with grain protein content was found. Conclusions In contrast to studies in wheat, where a strong negative correlation between straw length and grain protein and micronutrient content has been found, we do not see this relationship in Nordic barley. The last 60 years of breeding has reduced straw length but, contrary to expectations, not protein and micronutrient content. Variation in grain protein and micronutrient content was found among the Nordic barley accessions, but it is not explained by variation of HvNAM genes. This means that HvNAM is an unexploited source of genetic variation for nutrient content in Nordic barley. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41065-022-00227-y.
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Sari H, Sari D, Eker T, Toker C. De novo super-early progeny in interspecific crosses Pisum sativum L. × P. fulvum Sibth. et Sm. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19706. [PMID: 34611237 PMCID: PMC8492716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Earliness in crop plants has a crucial role in avoiding the stress of drought and heat, which are the most important challenging stressors in crop production and are predicted to increase in the near future due to global warming. Furthermore, it provides a guarantee of vegetable production in the short growing season of agricultural lands in the northern hemisphere and at high altitudes. The growing human population needs super early plant cultivars for these agricultural lands to meet future global demands. This study examined de novo super-early progeny, referred to as much earlier than that of the earlier parent, which flowered in 13-17 days and pod setting in 18-29 days after germination, discovered in F2 and studied up to F5 derived from interspecific crosses between garden pea (P. sativum L.) and the most distant relative of pea (P. fulvum Sibth. et Sm.). De novo super-early progeny were found to be earlier by about one month than P. sativum and two months than P. fulvum under short day conditions in the F5 population. In respect of days to flowering and pod setting, de novo super-early progeny had a relatively high level of narrow sense heritability (h2 = 82% and 80%, respectively), indicating that the selections for earliness in segregating populations was effective for improvement of extreme early maturing varieties. De novo super-early progeny could be grown under heat stress conditions due to the escape ability. Vegetable types were not only high yielding but also free of any known undesirable traits from the wild species, such as pod dehiscence and non-uniform maturity. It could be considered complementary to "speed breeding", possibly obtaining more than six generations per year in a suitable climate chamber. Not only de novo super-early progeny but also transgressive segregation for agro-morphological traits can be created via interspecific crosses between P. sativum and P. fulvum, a precious unopened treasure in the second gene pool. Useful progeny obtained from crossing wild species with cultivated species reveal the importance of wild species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Sari
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Sari
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Tuba Eker
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Toker
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
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Carlson-Nilsson U, Aloisi K, Vågen IM, Rajala A, Mølmann JB, Rasmussen SK, Niemi M, Wojciechowska E, Pärssinen P, Poulsen G, Leino MW. Trait Expression and Environmental Responses of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) Genetic Resources Targeting Cultivation in the Arctic. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:688067. [PMID: 34394142 PMCID: PMC8358656 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.688067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the Arctic part of the Nordic region, cultivated crops need to specifically adapt to adverse and extreme climate conditions, such as low temperatures, long days, and a short growing season. Under the projected climate change scenarios, higher temperatures and an earlier spring thaw will gradually allow the cultivation of plants that could not be previously cultivated there. For millennia, Pea (Pisum sativum L.) has been a major cultivated protein plant in Nordic countries but is currently limited to the southern parts of the region. However, response and adaptation to the Arctic day length/light spectrum and temperatures are essential for the productivity of the pea germplasm and need to be better understood. This study investigated these factors and identified suitable pea genetic resources for future cultivation and breeding in the Arctic region. Fifty gene bank accessions of peas with a Nordic landrace or cultivar origin were evaluated in 2-year field trials at four Nordic locations in Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and Norway (55° to 69° N). The contrasting environmental conditions of the trial sites revealed differences in expression of phenological, morphological, crop productivity, and quality traits in the accessions. The data showed that light conditions related to a very long photoperiod partly compensated for the lack of accumulated temperature in the far north. A critical factor for cultivation in the Arctic is the use of cultivars with rapid flowering and maturation times combined with early sowing. At the most extreme site (69°N), no accession reached full maturation. Nonetheless several accessions, predominantly landraces of a northern origin, reached a green harvest state. All the cultivars reached full maturation at the sub-Arctic latitude in northern Sweden (63°N) when plants were established early in the season. Seed yield correlated positively with seed number and aboveground biomass, but negatively with flowering time. A high yield potential and protein concentration of dry seed were found in many garden types of pea, confirming their breeding potential for yield. Overall, the results indicated that pea genetic resources are available for breeding or immediate cultivation, thus aiding in the northward expansion of pea cultivation. Predicted climate changes would support this expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ingunn M. Vågen
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research NIBIO, Ås, Norway
| | - Ari Rajala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Jørgen B. Mølmann
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research NIBIO, Ås, Norway
| | - Søren K. Rasmussen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mari Niemi
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Ewelina Wojciechowska
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research NIBIO, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Matti W. Leino
- The Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yang P, Li Z, Wu C, Luo Y, Li J, Wang P, Gao X, Gao J, Feng B. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in the Molecular Mechanism of Pericarp Elongation and Differences in Sucrose and Starch Accumulation between Vegetable and Grain Pea ( Pisum sativum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6135. [PMID: 31817460 PMCID: PMC6941006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.), as a major source of plant protein, is becoming one of the major cultivated crop species worldwide. In pea, the pericarp is an important determinant of the morphological characteristics and seed yield. To investigate the molecular mechanism of pericarp elongation as well as sucrose and starch accumulation in the pods of different pea cultivars, we performed transcriptomic analysis of the pericarp of two types of pea cultivar (vegetable pea and grain pea) using RNA-seq. A total of 239.44 Gb of clean sequence data were generated, and were aligned to the reference genome of Pisum sativum L. In the two samples, 1935 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among these DEGs, three antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected to have higher expression levels in the grain pea pericarps at the pod-elongating stages. Otherwise, five peroxidase (POD)-encoding genes were detected to have lower expression levels in the vegetative pericarps at the development stage of pea pod growth. Furthermore, genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism in the pea pod, such as SUS, INV, FBA, TPI, ADPase, SBE, SSS, and GBSS, were found to be differentially expressed. The RNA-seq data were validated through real-time quantitative RT-PCR of 13 randomly selected genes. Our findings provide the gene expression profile of, as well as differential expression information on, the two pea cultivars, which will lay the foundation for further studies on pod development and nutrition accumulation in the pea and provide valuable information for pea cultivar improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Caoyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pengke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
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Liu S, Wang R, Zhang Z, Li Q, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhao Z. High-resolution mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling main floral stalk length in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:437. [PMID: 31146687 PMCID: PMC6543646 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For spring-type Chinese cabbage production, premature bolting refers to the excessive elongation of dwarf stems before harvesting. Although quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for bolting-related traits have been studied extensively, the main flower stalk length (MFSL) have been rarely investigated. Two inbred lines, 06-247 and He102, have significant differences in the MFSL. In this study, these two materials were selected as parental lines for the construction of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population. High-density mapping of QTL for the MFSL was performed based on the deep resequencing of parental lines and specific locus-amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-Seq) of individual recombination inbred lines. RESULTS An F7 population consisting of 150 lines was developed. Deep resequencing of parental lines produced 21.08 gigabases, whereas SLAF-Seq produced an average of 428.35 million bases for each progeny. The total aligned data from the parental lines identified 1,082,885 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between parental lines. Out of these, 5392 SNP markers with a segregation type of aa×bb and average integrity of > 99% were suitable for the genetic linkage map construction. The final map contained 10 linkage groups (LGs) was 1687.82 cM in length with an average distance of 0.32 cM between adjacent markers. Based on the high-density map, nine QTLs for MFSL were found to be distributed on seven chromosomes, and two major-effect QTLs were identified for the first time. The physical distance between adjacent markers of two major-effect QTLs was 44.37 kbp and 121.91 kbp, respectively. Approximately 2056 and 6769 SNP markers within confidence intervals were identified according to the results of parental line resequencing, which involved 24 and 199 mutant genes. CONCLUSIONS The linkage map constructed in this study has the highest density in Chinese cabbage to date. Two major-effect QTLs for MFSL in Chinese cabbage were also identified. Among these, a novel QTL associated with bolting mapped on LG A04 was identified based on MFSL. The results of this study provide an important platform for gene/QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding for bolting-resistant Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuantao Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Ji’nan, 250100 Shandong province People’s Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Ji’nan, 250100 Shandong province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Ji’nan, 250100 Shandong province People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Ji’nan, 250100 Shandong province People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Ji’nan, 250100 Shandong province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Ji’nan, 250100 Shandong province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang-Huai Area of Ministry of Agriculture, Ji’nan, 250100 Shandong province People’s Republic of China
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Gali KK, Liu Y, Sindhu A, Diapari M, Shunmugam ASK, Arganosa G, Daba K, Caron C, Lachagari RVB, Tar’an B, Warkentin TD. Construction of high-density linkage maps for mapping quantitative trait loci for multiple traits in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:172. [PMID: 30115030 PMCID: PMC6097431 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this research was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of multiple traits of breeding importance in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Three recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, PR-02 (Orb x CDC Striker), PR-07 (Carerra x CDC Striker) and PR-15 (1-2347-144 x CDC Meadow) were phenotyped for agronomic and seed quality traits under field conditions over multiple environments in Saskatchewan, Canada. The mapping populations were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method for simultaneous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery and construction of high-density linkage maps. RESULTS After filtering for read depth, segregation distortion, and missing values, 2234, 3389 and 3541 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers identified by GBS in PR-02, PR-07 and PR-15, respectively, were used for construction of genetic linkage maps. Genetic linkage groups were assigned by anchoring to SNP markers previously positioned on these linkage maps. PR-02, PR-07 and PR-15 genetic maps represented 527, 675 and 609 non-redundant loci, and cover map distances of 951.9, 1008.8 and 914.2 cM, respectively. Based on phenotyping of the three mapping populations in multiple environments, 375 QTLs were identified for important traits including days to flowering, days to maturity, lodging resistance, Mycosphaerella blight resistance, seed weight, grain yield, acid and neutral detergent fiber concentration, seed starch concentration, seed shape, seed dimpling, and concentration of seed iron, selenium and zinc. Of all the QTLs identified, the most significant in terms of explained percentage of maximum phenotypic variance (PVmax) and occurrence in multiple environments were the QTLs for days to flowering (PVmax = 47.9%), plant height (PVmax = 65.1%), lodging resistance (PVmax = 35.3%), grain yield (PVmax = 54.2%), seed iron concentration (PVmax = 27.4%), and seed zinc concentration (PVmax = 43.2%). CONCLUSION We have identified highly significant and reproducible QTLs for several agronomic and seed quality traits of breeding importance in pea. The QTLs identified will be the basis for fine mapping candidate genes, while some of the markers linked to the highly significant QTLs are useful for immediate breeding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K. Gali
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Yong Liu
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Anoop Sindhu
- CHS, Inc, 220 Clement Ave., Grandin, ND 58038 USA
| | - Marwan Diapari
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development centre, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Arun S. K. Shunmugam
- National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9 Canada
| | - Gene Arganosa
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Ketema Daba
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Carolyn Caron
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Reddy V. B. Lachagari
- AgriGenome Labs Pvt Ltd., BTIC, MN iHub, Genome Valley, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, 500 078 India
| | - Bunyamin Tar’an
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Thomas D. Warkentin
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
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Serrano-Bueno G, Romero-Campero FJ, Lucas-Reina E, Romero JM, Valverde F. Evolution of photoperiod sensing in plants and algae. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 37:10-17. [PMID: 28391047 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Measuring day length confers a strong fitness improvement to photosynthetic organisms as it allows them to anticipate light phases and take the best decisions preceding diurnal transitions. In close association with signals from the circadian clock and the photoreceptors, photoperiodic sensing constitutes also a precise way to determine the passing of the seasons and to take annual decisions such as the best time to flower or the beginning of dormancy. Photoperiodic sensing in photosynthetic organisms is ancient and two major stages in its evolution could be identified, the cyanobacterial time sensing and the evolutionary tool kit that arose in green algae and developed into the photoperiodic system of modern plants. The most recent discoveries about the evolution of the perception of light, measurement of day length and relationship with the circadian clock along the evolution of the eukaryotic green lineage will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Serrano-Bueno
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco J Romero-Campero
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Lucas-Reina
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose M Romero
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Federico Valverde
- Plant Development Unit, Institute for Plan Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 49th, Americo Vespucio Av., 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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