1
|
Huang S, Feigs JT, Holzhauer SIJ, Kramp K, Brunet J, Decocq G, De Frenne P, Diekmann M, Liira J, Spicher F, Vangansbeke P, Vanneste T, Verheyen K, Naaf T. Limited effects of population age on the genetic structure of spatially isolated forest herb populations in temperate Europe. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10971. [PMID: 38414568 PMCID: PMC10897356 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to multiple land-cover changes, forest herb populations residing in forest patches embedded in agricultural landscapes display different ages and, thus, experience differences in genetic exchange, mutation accumulation and genetic drift. The extent of divergence in present-day population genetic structure among these populations of different ages remains unclear, considering their diverse breeding systems and associated pollinators. Answering this question is essential to understand these species' persistence, maintenance of evolutionary potential and adaptability to changing environments. We applied a multi-landscape setup to compare the genetic structure of forest herb populations across forest patches of different ages (18-338 years). We studied the impact on three common slow-colonizer herb species with distinct breeding systems and associated pollinators: Polygonatum multiflorum (outcrossing, long-distance pollinators), Anemone nemorosa (outcrossing, short-distance pollinators) and Oxalis acetosella (mixed breeding). We aimed to assess if in general older populations displayed higher genetic diversity and lower differentiation than younger ones. We also anticipated that P. multiflorum would show the smallest while O. acetosella the largest difference, between old and young populations. We found that older populations had a higher observed heterozygosity (H o) but a similar level of allelic richness (A r) and expected heterozygosity (H e) as younger populations, except for A. nemorosa, which exhibited higher A r and H e in younger populations. As populations aged, their pairwise genetic differentiation measured by D PS decreased independent of species identity while the other two genetic differentiation measures showed either comparable levels between old and young populations (G" ST) or inconsistency among three species (cGD). The age difference of the two populations did not explain their genetic differentiation. Synthesis: We found restricted evidence that forest herb populations with different ages differ in their genetic structure, indicating that populations of different ages can reach a similar genetic structure within decades and thus persist in the long term after habitat disturbance. Despite their distinct breeding systems and associated pollinators, the three studied species exhibited partly similar genetic patterns, suggesting that their common characteristics, such as being slow colonizers or their ability to propagate vegetatively, are important in determining their long-term response to land-cover change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Huang
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)MünchebergGermany
| | - Jannis Till Feigs
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)MünchebergGermany
| | | | - Katja Kramp
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)MünchebergGermany
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesLommaSweden
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- Research Unit Ecology and Dynamics of Anthropized SystemsUniversity of Picardie Jules VerneAmiens CedexFrance
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGontrodeBelgium
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, FB 2University of BremenBremenGermany
| | - Jaan Liira
- Institute of Ecology and Earth ScienceUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Fabien Spicher
- Research Unit Ecology and Dynamics of Anthropized SystemsUniversity of Picardie Jules VerneAmiens CedexFrance
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGontrodeBelgium
| | - Thomas Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGontrodeBelgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGontrodeBelgium
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)MünchebergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Korpelainen H, Pietiläinen M. What Makes a Good Plant Invader? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1596. [PMID: 37511971 PMCID: PMC10381298 DOI: 10.3390/life13071596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored traits that promote plant invasions. External factors affecting invasion success consist of various abiotic and biotic constraints. How well plants perform under those depends on multiple characteristics, such as life history traits, genetic variation patterns, competitive and dispersal abilities, phenotypic plasticity, resistance, tolerance, and possibly allelopathic interactions. Since the introduction of invasive species is often connected with humans, their geographical distribution and differentiation may not reflect adaptation. However, a lack of adaptation may be compensated for by repeated introductions via mixing genotypes from multiple populations or through novel mutations. As a case study, we used data from the Global Invasive Species Database of IUCN and attempted to reveal factors contributing to invasiveness. The most prevalent features are that the dispersal is strongly human assisted, many species are used as ornamentals, disturbed habitats are favored, and most species are perennial. Distribution features show that the worst invasive species typically have a narrower native distribution, but both groups, i.e., most serious invasive and other listed invasive species, have commonly developed a multicontinental distribution. The change in the multicontinental distribution from 6% to 63% in most serious invasive species reflects their effectiveness in global dispersal and establishment. High proportions of invasive species in both groups have mixed reproduction systems, i.e., they have the ability to propagate both sexually and asexually (57% and 50%, respectively). This provides flexibility for spreading and establishment. A lower proportion of the worst invasive species was mainly/only sexual (23%, often hermaphrodites) when compared to other invasive plants (40%). In the case of sexual reproduction, hermaphroditism combined with self-compatibility may enhance invasiveness, since selfing allows fertilization and recombination even under low population densities. Overall, the ability for asexual propagation and, in the case of sexuality, hermaphroditism, is an asset in the invasion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Pietiläinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effect of Life-History Traits and Habitat Condition on Genetic Diversity between Invasive and Native Plant Populations. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant invasions have a huge impact on the health of ecosystems and human well-being. The invasion risk varies with the introduction pathway, the propagule pressure, and the genetic diversity of the founding population. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 studies reporting the genetic diversity of 31 plant species in their invasive and native ranges. We evaluated if patterns of genetic diversity differ between ranges and whether these responses are influenced by life-history traits, hybridization, polyploidization, and habitat condition. We found that invasive populations had significantly lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding than native populations. In fragmented and degraded habitats, the genetic diversity of invaders was lower, but inbreeding was not affected. Polyploid invaders with hybrid capacity also showed lower genetic diversity. Invasive herbs with vegetative propagation were more sensitive to the loss of genetic diversity and had higher levels of inbreeding. Our synthesis showed that the genetic response in the invaded range could result from historical processes, such as founder and bottleneck events. Traits such as selfing are more likely to preserve the signatures of founder events and influence the genetic diversity in invasive populations. Additionally, clonality seems to be the predominant reproduction system in the invaded range.
Collapse
|
4
|
Korpelainen H, Elshibli S. Assessment of genetic relationships among native and introduced Himalayan balsam ( Impatiens glandulifera) plants based on genome profiling. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13295-13304. [PMID: 34646470 PMCID: PMC8495832 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted genomic characterization based on SNP and SilicoDArT markers on the invasive Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) plants originating from native and non-native regions of their distribution. When genetic relationships were explored by PCoA using SNP and SilicoDArT marker data, the first, second, and third principal coordinates explained altogether 37.4% and 31.0% of the variability, respectively. Samples from the UK, Canada, and Pakistan were grouped together, while Indian plants were clearly distinct based on SNP markers but relatively close to the UK-Canada-Pakistan group based on SilicoDArT markers. Constructed trees differentiated individuals into clusters resembling the PCoA patterns. The Bayesian BAPS analysis performed for the SNP data revealed that the individuals were distributed in seven clusters, representing samples from each of the four Finnish populations, India, Pakistan, and the combination of the UK and Canada. Similar clustering was visible in the UPGMA tree. The Indian cluster did not display any ancestral gene flow with the others, while the Pakistani cluster showed ancestral gene flow only with the combined UK and Canada cluster. Furthermore, the latter cluster displayed ancestral gene flow with the Finnish populations varying from 0% to 3.1%. The BAPS analyses conducted for the SilicoDArT data differ slightly: The individuals were distributed in nine clusters, and the Indian cluster exhibited ancestral gene flow with the mixed cluster including Canadian, Pakistani, and UK samples, and one Finnish sample. The AMOVA showed that 45% and 26% of variation was present among the I. glandulifera groups/populations and the rest within them based on SNP and SilicoDArT markers, respectively. The Bayesian BAPS analyses and the gene flow networks were the most informative tools for resolving relationships among native and introduced plants. It is notable that the small sample sizes for non-Finnish plant materials may affect the accuracy of the gene flow and other estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural SciencesViikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sakina Elshibli
- Department of Agricultural SciencesViikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Impacts of the Invasive Impatiens glandulifera: Lessons Learned from One of Europe's Top Invasive Species. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070619. [PMID: 34356476 PMCID: PMC8301180 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Plants and animals are a part of a larger system, commonly referred to as an ecosystem. This generally implies a balance existing between prey and predators. The unintentional introduction of a species in a new environment can lead to a significant alteration of the ecosystem(s) and the uncontrolled spread of the species. When this takes place, the introduced species is referred to as invasive. Invasives can affect the ecosystem in profound ways, and generally, negatively impacting on the native species. This manuscript reviewed the current knowledge of one of Europe’s top invasives, the Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera). It provides insights on the species and what have we learned from this invasive species. Abstract Biological invasions are renowned for their negative ecological and economic implications, however from studying invasions invaluable insights can be gained in the fields of ecology and evolution- potentially contributing towards conservation plans to deal, not only with biological invasion, but with other concerning issues, such as climate change. Impatiens glandulifera, or Himalayan balsam, is widely considered to be a highly problematic invasive, having spread across more than thirty countries during the past century. This paper will examine the findings which have arose from studying I. glandulifera and its impacts on the invaded ecosystem.
Collapse
|
6
|
Helsen K, Acharya KP, Graae BJ, De Kort H, Brunet J, Chabrerie O, Cousins SAO, De Frenne P, Hermy M, Verheyen K, Pélabon C. Earlier onset of flowering and increased reproductive allocation of an annual invasive plant in the north of its novel range. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:1005-1016. [PMID: 32582950 PMCID: PMC7596373 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It remains unclear whether invasive species can maintain both high biomass and reproductive output across their invaded range. Along latitudinal gradients, allocation theory predicts that faster flowering onset at high latitudes results in maturation at smaller size and thus reduced reproductive output. For annual invasive plants, more favourable environmental conditions at low latitudes probably result in stronger competition of co-occurring species, potentially driving selection for higher investment in vegetative biomass, while harsher climatic conditions and associated reproductive uncertainty at higher latitudes could reduce selection for vegetative biomass and increased selection for high reproductive investment (stress-gradient hypothesis). Combined, these drivers could result in increased or constant reproductive allocation with increasing latitude. METHODS We quantified life-history traits in the invasive annual plant Impatiens glandulifera along a latitudinal gradient in Europe. By growing two successive glasshouse generations, we assessed genetic differentiation in vegetative growth and reproductive output across six populations, and tested whether onset of flowering drives this divergence. KEY RESULTS Trait variation was mainly caused by genetic differentiation. As expected, flowering onset was progressively earlier in populations from higher latitudes. Plant height and vegetative biomass also decreased in populations from higher latitudes, as predicted by allocation theory, but their variation was independent of the variation in flowering onset. Reproductive output remained constant across latitudes, resulting in increased reproductive allocation towards higher latitudes, supporting the stress-gradient hypothesis. We also observed trait genetic differentiation among populations that was independent of latitude. CONCLUSIONS We show that an annual invasive plant evolved several life-history traits across its invaded range in ~150 years. The evolution of vegetative and reproductive traits seems unconstrained by evolution of flowering onset. This genetic decoupling between vegetative and reproductive traits possibly contributes to the invasion success of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Helsen
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, University of Leuven, Arenbergpark 31, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kamal Prasad Acharya
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Sports, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente Jessen Graae
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne De Kort
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, University of Leuven, Arenbergpark 31, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Olivier Chabrerie
- Research Unit ‘Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés’, EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, Amiens cedex, France
| | - Sara A O Cousins
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Martin Hermy
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pélabon
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|