1
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Vanneste T, Depauw L, De Lombaerde E, Meeussen C, Govaert S, De Pauw K, Sanczuk P, Bollmann K, Brunet J, Calders K, Cousins SAO, Diekmann M, Gasperini C, Graae BJ, Hedwall PO, Iacopetti G, Lenoir J, Lindmo S, Orczewska A, Ponette Q, Plue J, Selvi F, Spicher F, Verbeeck H, Zellweger F, Verheyen K, Vangansbeke P, De Frenne P. Trade-offs in biodiversity and ecosystem services between edges and interiors in European forests. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:880-887. [PMID: 38424266 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Forest biodiversity and ecosystem services are hitherto predominantly quantified in forest interiors, well away from edges. However, these edges also represent a substantial proportion of the global forest cover. Here we quantified plant biodiversity and ecosystem service indicators in 225 plots along forest edge-to-interior transects across Europe. We found strong trade-offs: phylogenetic diversity (evolutionary measure of biodiversity), proportion of forest specialists, decomposition and heatwave buffering increased towards the interior, whereas species richness, nectar production potential, stemwood biomass and tree regeneration decreased. These trade-offs were mainly driven by edge-to-interior structural differences. As fragmentation continues, recognizing the role of forest edges is crucial for integrating biodiversity and ecosystem service considerations into sustainable forest management and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.
| | - Leen Depauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Emiel De Lombaerde
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Karen De Pauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter Sanczuk
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Kurt Bollmann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Kim Calders
- CAVElab-Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara A O Cousins
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, FB2, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Cristina Gasperini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Bente J Graae
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per-Ola Hedwall
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Iacopetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 « Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés », Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Sigrid Lindmo
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna Orczewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Quentin Ponette
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jan Plue
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR CNRS 7058 « Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés », Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab-Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Florian Zellweger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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2
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Puglielli G, Bricca A, Chelli S, Petruzzellis F, Acosta ATR, Bacaro G, Beccari E, Bernardo L, Bonari G, Bolpagni R, Boscutti F, Calvia G, Campetella G, Cancellieri L, Canullo R, Carbognani M, Carboni M, Carranza ML, Castellani MB, Ciccarelli D, Coppi A, Cutini M, Dalla Vecchia A, Dalle Fratte M, de Francesco MC, De Frenne P, De Sanctis M, de Simone L, Di Cecco V, Fanelli G, Farris E, Ferrara A, Fenu G, Filibeck G, Gasperini C, Gargano D, Kindermann E, La Bella G, Lastrucci L, Lazzaro L, Maccherini S, Marignani M, Mugnai M, Naselli-Flores L, Passalacqua NG, Pavanetto N, Petraglia A, Rota F, Santoianni LA, Schettino A, Selvi F, Stanisci A, Trotta G, Vangansbeke P, Varricchione M, Vuerich M, Wellstein C, Tordoni E. Intraspecific variability of leaf form and function across habitat types. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14396. [PMID: 38456670 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Trait-based ecology has already revealed main independent axes of trait variation defining trait spaces that summarize plant adaptive strategies, but often ignoring intraspecific trait variability (ITV). By using empirical ITV-level data for two independent dimensions of leaf form and function and 167 species across five habitat types (coastal dunes, forests, grasslands, heathlands, wetlands) in the Italian peninsula, we found that ITV: (i) rotated the axes of trait variation that define the trait space; (ii) increased the variance explained by these axes and (iii) affected the functional structure of the target trait space. However, the magnitude of these effects was rather small and depended on the trait and habitat type. Our results reinforce the idea that ITV is context-dependent, calling for careful extrapolations of ITV patterns across traits and spatial scales. Importantly, our study provides a framework that can be used to start integrating ITV into trait space analyses.
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Grants
- Ente Parco Nazionale del Pollino (Rotonda, Italy) in the frame of the project "Un laboratorio naturale permanente nel Parco Nazionale del Pollino"
- National Biodiversity Future Center NBFC, CUP J33C22001190001
- European Union - NextGenerationEU within the framework of National Biodiversity Future Center (Spoke 4, Activity 4)
- NBFC to the University of Florence, funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, PNRR, Missione 4 Componente 2, "Dalla ricerca all'impresa", Investimento 1.4, Project CN00000033
- NBFC to University of Roma Tre/Department of Science, funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, PNRR, Missione 4 Componente 2, "Dalla ricerca all'impresa", Investimento 1.4, Project CN00000033. Grant of Excellence Departments 2018- 2022, MIUR Italy
- NBFC to University of Molise/Department of Bioscience and Territory, funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, PNRR, Missione 4 Componente 2, "Dalla ricerca all'impresa", Investimento 1.4, Project CN00000033, MIUR Italy
- PID2021-122214NA-I00 MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER "ESF Investing in your future"
- Grant of Excellence Departments 2018- 2022, MIUR Italy
- G.Bo. and SM acknowledge the support of NBFC to University of Siena, funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, PNRR, Missione 4 Componente 2, 'Dalla ricerca all', Investimento 1.4, Project CN00000033
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Puglielli
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alessandro Bricca
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Chelli
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Bacaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Beccari
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liliana Bernardo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Bonari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossano Bolpagni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Boscutti
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giacomo Calvia
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giandiego Campetella
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Cancellieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Roberto Canullo
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Marta Carboni
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Carranza
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, ENVIXLAB, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Alice Dalla Vecchia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Dalle Fratte
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Carla de Francesco
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, ENVIXLAB, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Michele De Sanctis
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valter Di Cecco
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, ENVIXLAB, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Giuliano Fanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Farris
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arianna Ferrara
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Goffredo Filibeck
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristina Gasperini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Gargano
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Kindermann
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Greta La Bella
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Lazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Maccherini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michela Marignani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Mugnai
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Naselli-Flores
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Pavanetto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Rota
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Stanisci
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, ENVIXLAB, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Giacomo Trotta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle, Belgium
| | - Marco Varricchione
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, ENVIXLAB, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Marco Vuerich
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Camilla Wellstein
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Enrico Tordoni
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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3
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Huang S, Feigs JT, Holzhauer SIJ, Kramp K, Brunet J, Decocq G, De Frenne P, Diekmann M, Liira J, Spicher F, Vangansbeke P, Vanneste T, Verheyen K, Naaf T. Limited effects of population age on the genetic structure of spatially isolated forest herb populations in temperate Europe. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10971. [PMID: 38414568 PMCID: PMC10897356 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to multiple land-cover changes, forest herb populations residing in forest patches embedded in agricultural landscapes display different ages and, thus, experience differences in genetic exchange, mutation accumulation and genetic drift. The extent of divergence in present-day population genetic structure among these populations of different ages remains unclear, considering their diverse breeding systems and associated pollinators. Answering this question is essential to understand these species' persistence, maintenance of evolutionary potential and adaptability to changing environments. We applied a multi-landscape setup to compare the genetic structure of forest herb populations across forest patches of different ages (18-338 years). We studied the impact on three common slow-colonizer herb species with distinct breeding systems and associated pollinators: Polygonatum multiflorum (outcrossing, long-distance pollinators), Anemone nemorosa (outcrossing, short-distance pollinators) and Oxalis acetosella (mixed breeding). We aimed to assess if in general older populations displayed higher genetic diversity and lower differentiation than younger ones. We also anticipated that P. multiflorum would show the smallest while O. acetosella the largest difference, between old and young populations. We found that older populations had a higher observed heterozygosity (H o) but a similar level of allelic richness (A r) and expected heterozygosity (H e) as younger populations, except for A. nemorosa, which exhibited higher A r and H e in younger populations. As populations aged, their pairwise genetic differentiation measured by D PS decreased independent of species identity while the other two genetic differentiation measures showed either comparable levels between old and young populations (G" ST) or inconsistency among three species (cGD). The age difference of the two populations did not explain their genetic differentiation. Synthesis: We found restricted evidence that forest herb populations with different ages differ in their genetic structure, indicating that populations of different ages can reach a similar genetic structure within decades and thus persist in the long term after habitat disturbance. Despite their distinct breeding systems and associated pollinators, the three studied species exhibited partly similar genetic patterns, suggesting that their common characteristics, such as being slow colonizers or their ability to propagate vegetatively, are important in determining their long-term response to land-cover change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Huang
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)MünchebergGermany
| | - Jannis Till Feigs
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)MünchebergGermany
| | | | - Katja Kramp
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)MünchebergGermany
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesLommaSweden
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- Research Unit Ecology and Dynamics of Anthropized SystemsUniversity of Picardie Jules VerneAmiens CedexFrance
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGontrodeBelgium
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, FB 2University of BremenBremenGermany
| | - Jaan Liira
- Institute of Ecology and Earth ScienceUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Fabien Spicher
- Research Unit Ecology and Dynamics of Anthropized SystemsUniversity of Picardie Jules VerneAmiens CedexFrance
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGontrodeBelgium
| | - Thomas Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGontrodeBelgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGontrodeBelgium
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)MünchebergGermany
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4
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Wei L, Sanczuk P, De Pauw K, Caron MM, Selvi F, Hedwall PO, Brunet J, Cousins SAO, Plue J, Spicher F, Gasperini C, Iacopetti G, Orczewska A, Uria-Diez J, Lenoir J, Vangansbeke P, De Frenne P. Using warming tolerances to predict understory plant responses to climate change. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17064. [PMID: 38273565 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is pushing species towards and potentially beyond their critical thermal limits. The extent to which species can cope with temperatures exceeding their critical thermal limits is still uncertain. To better assess species' responses to warming, we compute the warming tolerance (ΔTniche ) as a thermal vulnerability index, using species' upper thermal limits (the temperature at the warm limit of their distribution range) minus the local habitat temperature actually experienced at a given location. This metric is useful to predict how much more warming species can tolerate before negative impacts are expected to occur. Here we set up a cross-continental transplant experiment involving five regions distributed along a latitudinal gradient across Europe (43° N-61° N). Transplant sites were located in dense and open forests stands, and at forest edges and in interiors. We estimated the warming tolerance for 12 understory plant species common in European temperate forests. During 3 years, we examined the effects of the warming tolerance of each species across all transplanted locations on local plant performance, in terms of survival, height, ground cover, flowering probabilities and flower number. We found that the warming tolerance (ΔTniche ) of the 12 studied understory species was significantly different across Europe and varied by up to 8°C. In general, ΔTniche were smaller (less positive) towards the forest edge and in open stands. Plant performance (growth and reproduction) increased with increasing ΔTniche across all 12 species. Our study demonstrated that ΔTniche of understory plant species varied with macroclimatic differences among regions across Europe, as well as in response to forest microclimates, albeit to a lesser extent. Our findings support the hypothesis that plant performance across species decreases in terms of growth and reproduction as local temperature conditions reach or exceed the warm limit of the focal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wei
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter Sanczuk
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Karen De Pauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Maria Mercedes Caron
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
- European Forest Institute-Mediterranean Facility, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Per-Ola Hedwall
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Sara A O Cousins
- Landscapes, Environment and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Plue
- Department of Urban and Rural Development, SLU Swedish Biodiversity Centre (CBM), Institutionen för stad och land, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR CNRS 7058 Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Cristina Gasperini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iacopetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Orczewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jaime Uria-Diez
- Department of Forest Sciences, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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5
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Haesen S, Lembrechts JJ, De Frenne P, Lenoir J, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, Kopecký M, Luoto M, Maclean I, Nijs I, Niittynen P, van den Hoogen J, Arriga N, Brůna J, Buchmann N, Čiliak M, Collalti A, De Lombaerde E, Descombes P, Gharun M, Goded I, Govaert S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Gruening C, Hederová L, Hylander K, Kreyling J, Kruijt B, Macek M, Máliš F, Man M, Manca G, Matula R, Meeussen C, Merinero S, Minerbi S, Montagnani L, Muffler L, Ogaya R, Penuelas J, Plichta R, Portillo-Estrada M, Schmeddes J, Shekhar A, Spicher F, Ujházyová M, Vangansbeke P, Weigel R, Wild J, Zellweger F, Van Meerbeek K. ForestClim-Bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:2886-2892. [PMID: 37128754 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microclimate research gained renewed interest over the last decade and its importance for many ecological processes is increasingly being recognized. Consequently, the call for high-resolution microclimatic temperature grids across broad spatial extents is becoming more pressing to improve ecological models. Here, we provide a new set of open-access bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests at 25 × 25 m2 resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas J Lembrechts
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Juha Aalto
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael B Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6 - Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilya Maclean
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pekka Niittynen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan van den Hoogen
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Arriga
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Josef Brůna
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marek Čiliak
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 01, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
| | - Emiel De Lombaerde
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Patrice Descombes
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Musée et Jardins Botaniques Cantonaux, 1007, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ignacio Goded
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Caroline Greiser
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Achim Grelle
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, 351 95, Sweden
| | | | - Lucia Hederová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bart Kruijt
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 01, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Manca
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6 - Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sonia Merinero
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Stefano Minerbi
- Forest Services, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Montagnani
- Forest Services, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Lena Muffler
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jonas Schmeddes
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ankit Shekhar
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mariana Ujházyová
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 01, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Robert Weigel
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Florian Zellweger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Vangansbeke P, Sanczuk P, Govaert S, De Lombaerde E, De Frenne P. Negative effects of winter and spring warming on the regeneration of forest spring geophytes. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:950-959. [PMID: 35596640 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The climate is changing rapidly, provoking species to shift their ranges poleward and upslope. We currently lack a mechanistic understanding of the effect of warmer temperatures on plants, especially for seasonally distinct patterns. Spring geophytes are emblematic forest plants that have a short aboveground lifecycle in the first half of the year and are thus particularly sensitive to winter and spring warming. We set up a warming experiment with separate and combined winter and spring warming on seedlings of three European spring geophytes: Anemone nemorosa, Hyacinthoides non-scripta and Ornithogalum pyrenaicum. Seedling emergence and plant height were recorded at the end of winter and spring treatment, when also biomass of the root, shoot and storage organ was determined. We found negative effects of combined winter and spring warming on seedling emergence. The weight of the storage organ proved to be the best indicator of seedling performance and was negatively affected by separate winter warming in Anemone and by spring warming in Hyacinthoides. Successful seedling emergence was jeopardized by the absence of a cold period, while seedling performance seemed to be negatively influenced directly by higher temperatures through a phenological shift. Our findings confirm that warmer winter and spring temperatures could hamper regeneration of spring geophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle -Gontrode, Belgium
| | - P Sanczuk
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle -Gontrode, Belgium
| | - S Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle -Gontrode, Belgium
| | - E De Lombaerde
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle -Gontrode, Belgium
| | - P De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle -Gontrode, Belgium
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7
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Gasperini C, Bollmann K, Brunet J, Cousins SAO, Decocq G, De Pauw K, Diekmann M, Govaert S, Graae BJ, Hedwall P, Iacopetti G, Lenoir J, Lindmo S, Meeussen C, Orczewska A, Ponette Q, Plue J, Sanczuk P, Spicher F, Vanneste T, Vangansbeke P, Zellweger F, Selvi F, Frenne PD. Soil seed bank responses to edge effects in temperate European forests. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2022; 31:1877-1893. [PMID: 36246451 PMCID: PMC9546374 DOI: 10.1111/geb.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM The amount of forest edges is increasing globally due to forest fragmentation and land-use changes. However, edge effects on the soil seed bank of temperate forests are still poorly understood. Here, we assessed edge effects at contrasting spatial scales across Europe and quantified the extent to which edges can preserve the seeds of forest specialist plants. LOCATION Temperate European deciduous forests along a 2,300-km latitudinal gradient. TIME PERIOD 2018-2021. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED Vascular plants. METHODS Through a greenhouse germination experiment, we studied how edge effects alter the density, diversity, composition and functionality of forest soil seed banks in 90 plots along different latitudes, elevations and forest management types. We also assessed which environmental conditions drive the seed bank responses at the forest edge versus interior and looked at the relationship between the seed bank and the herb layer species richness. RESULTS Overall, 10,108 seedlings of 250 species emerged from the soil seed bank. Seed density and species richness of generalists (species not only associated with forests) were higher at edges compared to interiors, with a negative influence of C : N ratio and litter quality. Conversely, forest specialist species richness did not decline from the interior to the edge. Also, edges were compositionally, but not functionally, different from interiors. The correlation between the seed bank and the herb layer species richness was positive and affected by microclimate. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results underpin how edge effects shape species diversity and composition of soil seed banks in ancient forests, especially increasing the proportion of generalist species and thus potentially favouring a shift in community composition. However, the presence of many forest specialists suggests that soil seed banks still play a key role in understorey species persistence and could support the resilience of our fragmented forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gasperini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and ForestryUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Kurt Bollmann
- Swiss Federal Institute for ForestSnow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesLommaSweden
| | | | - Guillaume Decocq
- UMR CNRS 7058 “Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés” (EDYSAN)Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
| | - Karen De Pauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, FB2University of BremenBremenGermany
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | | | - Per‐Ola Hedwall
- Southern Swedish Forest Research CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesLommaSweden
| | - Giovanni Iacopetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and ForestryUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 “Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés” (EDYSAN)Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
| | | | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Anna Orczewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Quentin Ponette
- Earth and Life InstituteUniversité Catholique de LouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Jan Plue
- IVL Swedish Environmental InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Pieter Sanczuk
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR CNRS 7058 “Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés” (EDYSAN)Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
| | - Thomas Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Florian Zellweger
- Swiss Federal Institute for ForestSnow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and ForestryUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
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8
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Meeussen C, De Pauw K, Sanczuk P, Brunet J, Cousins SAO, Gasperini C, Hedwall PO, Iacopetti G, Lenoir J, Plue J, Selvi F, Spicher F, Uria Diez J, Verheyen K, Vangansbeke P, De Frenne P. Initial oak regeneration responses to experimental warming along microclimatic and macroclimatic gradients. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:745-757. [PMID: 35373433 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quercus spp. are one of the most important tree genera in temperate deciduous forests in terms of biodiversity, economic and cultural perspectives. However, natural regeneration of oaks, depending on specific environmental conditions, is still not sufficiently understood. Oak regeneration dynamics are impacted by climate change, but these climate impacts will depend on local forest management and light and temperature conditions. Here, we studied germination, survival and seedling performance (i.e. aboveground biomass, height, root collar diameter and specific leaf area) of four oak species (Q. cerris, Q. ilex, Q. robur and Q. petraea). Acorns were sown across a wide latitudinal gradient, from Italy to Sweden, and across several microclimatic gradients located within and beyond the species' natural ranges. Microclimatic gradients were applied in terms of forest structure, distance to the forest edge and experimental warming. We found strong interactions between species and latitude, as well as between microclimate and latitude or species. The species thus reacted differently to local and regional changes in light and temperature ; in southern regions the temperate Q. robur and Q. petraea performed best in plots with a complex structure, whereas the Mediterranean Q. ilex and Q. cerris performed better in simply structured forests with a reduced microclimatic buffering capacity. The experimental warming treatment only enhanced height and aboveground biomass of Mediterranean species. Our results show that local microclimatic gradients play a key role in the initial stages of oak regeneration; however, one needs to consider the species-specific responses to forest structure and the macroclimatic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - K De Pauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - P Sanczuk
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - J Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - S A O Cousins
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Gasperini
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - P-O Hedwall
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - G Iacopetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - J Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 « Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés » (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - J Plue
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - F Spicher
- UMR CNRS 7058 « Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés » (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - J Uria Diez
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - P Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - P De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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9
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Lembrechts JJ, van den Hoogen J, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, De Frenne P, Kemppinen J, Kopecký M, Luoto M, Maclean IMD, Crowther TW, Bailey JJ, Haesen S, Klinges DH, Niittynen P, Scheffers BR, Van Meerbeek K, Aartsma P, Abdalaze O, Abedi M, Aerts R, Ahmadian N, Ahrends A, Alatalo JM, Alexander JM, Allonsius CN, Altman J, Ammann C, Andres C, Andrews C, Ardö J, Arriga N, Arzac A, Aschero V, Assis RL, Assmann JJ, Bader MY, Bahalkeh K, Barančok P, Barrio IC, Barros A, Barthel M, Basham EW, Bauters M, Bazzichetto M, Marchesini LB, Bell MC, Benavides JC, Benito Alonso JL, Berauer BJ, Bjerke JW, Björk RG, Björkman MP, Björnsdóttir K, Blonder B, Boeckx P, Boike J, Bokhorst S, Brum BNS, Brůna J, Buchmann N, Buysse P, Camargo JL, Campoe OC, Candan O, Canessa R, Cannone N, Carbognani M, Carnicer J, Casanova‐Katny A, Cesarz S, Chojnicki B, Choler P, Chown SL, Cifuentes EF, Čiliak M, Contador T, Convey P, Cooper EJ, Cremonese E, Curasi SR, Curtis R, Cutini M, Dahlberg CJ, Daskalova GN, de Pablo MA, Della Chiesa S, Dengler J, Deronde B, Descombes P, Di Cecco V, Di Musciano M, Dick J, Dimarco RD, Dolezal J, Dorrepaal E, Dušek J, Eisenhauer N, Eklundh L, Erickson TE, Erschbamer B, Eugster W, Ewers RM, Exton DA, Fanin N, Fazlioglu F, Feigenwinter I, Fenu G, Ferlian O, Fernández Calzado MR, Fernández‐Pascual E, Finckh M, Higgens RF, Forte TGW, Freeman EC, Frei ER, Fuentes‐Lillo E, García RA, García MB, Géron C, Gharun M, Ghosn D, Gigauri K, Gobin A, Goded I, Goeckede M, Gottschall F, Goulding K, Govaert S, Graae BJ, Greenwood S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Guénard B, Guglielmin M, Guillemot J, Haase P, Haider S, Halbritter AH, Hamid M, Hammerle A, Hampe A, Haugum SV, Hederová L, Heinesch B, Helfter C, Hepenstrick D, Herberich M, Herbst M, Hermanutz L, Hik DS, Hoffrén R, Homeier J, Hörtnagl L, Høye TT, Hrbacek F, Hylander K, Iwata H, Jackowicz‐Korczynski MA, Jactel H, Järveoja J, Jastrzębowski S, Jentsch A, Jiménez JJ, Jónsdóttir IS, Jucker T, Jump AS, Juszczak R, Kanka R, Kašpar V, Kazakis G, Kelly J, Khuroo AA, Klemedtsson L, Klisz M, Kljun N, Knohl A, Kobler J, Kollár J, Kotowska MM, Kovács B, Kreyling J, Lamprecht A, Lang SI, Larson C, Larson K, Laska K, le Maire G, Leihy RI, Lens L, Liljebladh B, Lohila A, Lorite J, Loubet B, Lynn J, Macek M, Mackenzie R, Magliulo E, Maier R, Malfasi F, Máliš F, Man M, Manca G, Manco A, Manise T, Manolaki P, Marciniak F, Matula R, Mazzolari AC, Medinets S, Medinets V, Meeussen C, Merinero S, Mesquita RDCG, Meusburger K, Meysman FJR, Michaletz ST, Milbau A, Moiseev D, Moiseev P, Mondoni A, Monfries R, Montagnani L, Moriana‐Armendariz M, Morra di Cella U, Mörsdorf M, Mosedale JR, Muffler L, Muñoz‐Rojas M, Myers JA, Myers‐Smith IH, Nagy L, Nardino M, Naujokaitis‐Lewis I, Newling E, Nicklas L, Niedrist G, Niessner A, Nilsson MB, Normand S, Nosetto MD, Nouvellon Y, Nuñez MA, Ogaya R, Ogée J, Okello J, Olejnik J, Olesen JE, Opedal ØH, Orsenigo S, Palaj A, Pampuch T, Panov AV, Pärtel M, Pastor A, Pauchard A, Pauli H, Pavelka M, Pearse WD, Peichl M, Pellissier L, Penczykowski RM, Penuelas J, Petit Bon M, Petraglia A, Phartyal SS, Phoenix GK, Pio C, Pitacco A, Pitteloud C, Plichta R, Porro F, Portillo‐Estrada M, Poulenard J, Poyatos R, Prokushkin AS, Puchalka R, Pușcaș M, Radujković D, Randall K, Ratier Backes A, Remmele S, Remmers W, Renault D, Risch AC, Rixen C, Robinson SA, Robroek BJM, Rocha AV, Rossi C, Rossi G, Roupsard O, Rubtsov AV, Saccone P, Sagot C, Sallo Bravo J, Santos CC, Sarneel JM, Scharnweber T, Schmeddes J, Schmidt M, Scholten T, Schuchardt M, Schwartz N, Scott T, Seeber J, Segalin de Andrade AC, Seipel T, Semenchuk P, Senior RA, Serra‐Diaz JM, Sewerniak P, Shekhar A, Sidenko NV, Siebicke L, Siegwart Collier L, Simpson E, Siqueira DP, Sitková Z, Six J, Smiljanic M, Smith SW, Smith‐Tripp S, Somers B, Sørensen MV, Souza JJLL, Souza BI, Souza Dias A, Spasojevic MJ, Speed JDM, Spicher F, Stanisci A, Steinbauer K, Steinbrecher R, Steinwandter M, Stemkovski M, Stephan JG, Stiegler C, Stoll S, Svátek M, Svoboda M, Tagesson T, Tanentzap AJ, Tanneberger F, Theurillat J, Thomas HJD, Thomas AD, Tielbörger K, Tomaselli M, Treier UA, Trouillier M, Turtureanu PD, Tutton R, Tyystjärvi VA, Ueyama M, Ujházy K, Ujházyová M, Uogintas D, Urban AV, Urban J, Urbaniak M, Ursu T, Vaccari FP, Van de Vondel S, van den Brink L, Van Geel M, Vandvik V, Vangansbeke P, Varlagin A, Veen GF, Veenendaal E, Venn SE, Verbeeck H, Verbrugggen E, Verheijen FGA, Villar L, Vitale L, Vittoz P, Vives‐Ingla M, von Oppen J, Walz J, Wang R, Wang Y, Way RG, Wedegärtner REM, Weigel R, Wild J, Wilkinson M, Wilmking M, Wingate L, Winkler M, Wipf S, Wohlfahrt G, Xenakis G, Yang Y, Yu Z, Yu K, Zellweger F, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhao P, Ziemblińska K, Zimmermann R, Zong S, Zyryanov VI, Nijs I, Lenoir J. Global maps of soil temperature. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:3110-3144. [PMID: 34967074 PMCID: PMC9303923 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. Lembrechts
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Johan van den Hoogen
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Juha Aalto
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Michael B. Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Australian MuseumSydneyAustralia
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | | | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Ilya M. D. Maclean
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynUK
| | - Thomas W. Crowther
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - David H. Klinges
- School of Natural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMarylandUSA
| | - Pekka Niittynen
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Brett R. Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Peter Aartsma
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental HealthUniversity of South‐Eastern NorwayBøNorway
| | - Otar Abdalaze
- Alpine Ecosystems Research ProgramInstitute of EcologyIlia State UniversityTbilisiGeorgia
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Rien Aerts
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Negar Ahmadian
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | | | | | - Jake M. Alexander
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Christof Ammann
- Department of Agroecology and EnvironmentAgroscope Research InstituteZürichSwitzerland
| | - Christian Andres
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Jonas Ardö
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Nicola Arriga
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | | | - Valeria Aschero
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CuyoMendozaArgentina
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | | | - Jakob Johann Assmann
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Maaike Y. Bader
- Ecological Plant GeographyFaculty of GeographyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Peter Barančok
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Isabel C. Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest SciencesAgricultural University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Agustina Barros
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | - Matti Barthel
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Edmund W. Basham
- School of Natural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Manuele Bazzichetto
- Université de RennesCNRSEcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553RennesFrance
| | - Luca Belelli Marchesini
- Department of Sustainable Agro‐ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’AdigeItaly
| | | | | | | | - Bernd J. Berauer
- Institute of Landscape and Plant EcologyDepartment of Plant EcologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Jarle W. Bjerke
- Norwegian Institute for Nature ResearchFRAM ‐ High North Research Centre for Climate and the EnvironmentTromsøNorway
| | - Robert G. Björk
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
| | - Mats P. Björkman
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
| | - Katrin Björnsdóttir
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Julia Boike
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine ResearchTelegrafenberg A45PotsdamGermany
- Geography DepartmentHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinGermany
| | - Stef Bokhorst
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bárbara N. S. Brum
- Pós‐Graduação em Ciências de Florestas TropicaisInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrasil
| | - Josef Brůna
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Pauline Buysse
- UMR ECOSYS INRAEUinversité Paris SaclayAgroParisTechFrance
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments ProjectBDFFPInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Otávio C. Campoe
- Department of Forest SciencesFederal University of LavrasLavrasBrazil
| | - Onur Candan
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Molecular Biology and GeneticsOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Rafaella Canessa
- Ecological Plant GeographyFaculty of GeographyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Nicoletta Cannone
- Department of Science and High TechnologyInsubria UniversityComoItaly
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Jofre Carnicer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental SciencesBiodiversity Research Institute (IRBio)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- CREAFE08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)Spain
| | - Angélica Casanova‐Katny
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal y Cambio ClimáticoLaboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal y Cambio ClimáticoDepartamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud PúblicaUniversidad Católica de TemucoCampus Luis Rivas del Canto and Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales (NEA)Facultad de Recursos NaturalesUniversidad Católica de TemucoTemucoChile
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Bogdan Chojnicki
- Laboratory of BioclimatologyDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ProtectionPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Philippe Choler
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSLECAGrenobleFrance
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSLTSER Zone Atelier AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Steven L. Chown
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureSchool of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Edgar F. Cifuentes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Marek Čiliak
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Tamara Contador
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)University Austral of ChileValdiviaChile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC)Puerto WilliamsChile
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic SurveyNERC, High CrossCambridgeUK
| | - Elisabeth J. Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Climate Change UnitEnvironmental Protection Agency of Aosta ValleyItaly
| | - Salvatore R. Curasi
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndianaUSA
| | - Robin Curtis
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynUK
| | | | - C. Johan Dahlberg
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- The County Administrative Board of Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
| | | | | | | | - Jürgen Dengler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Vegetation EcologyInstitute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR)ZHAW Zurich University of Applied SciencesWädenswilSwitzerland
- Plant EcologyBayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | | | | | - Valter Di Cecco
- Majella Seed BankMajella National ParkColle MadonnaLama dei PeligniItaly
| | - Michele Di Musciano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Jan Dick
- UK Centre for Ecology and HydrologyPenicuikUK
| | - Romina D. Dimarco
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de InsectosIFAB (INTA ‐ CONICET)BarilocheArgentina
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BotanyUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Jiří Dušek
- Global Change Research InstituteAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCzech Republic
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Lars Eklundh
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Todd E. Erickson
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings ParkAustralia
| | - Brigitta Erschbamer
- Department of BotanyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Werner Eugster
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Nicolas Fanin
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Molecular Biology and GeneticsOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Iris Feigenwinter
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | | | | | - Manfred Finckh
- Institute for Plant Science and MicrobiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | | | - T'ai G. W. Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Erika C. Freeman
- Ecosystems and Global Change GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Esther R. Frei
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERCDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Eduardo Fuentes‐Lillo
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- School of Education and Social SciencesAdventist University of ChileChile
| | - Rafael A. García
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | | | - Charly Géron
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Biodiversity and LandscapeTERRA Research CentreGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Dany Ghosn
- Department of Geo‐information in Environmental ManagementMediterranean Agronomic Institute of ChaniaChaniaGreece
| | - Khatuna Gigauri
- Department of Environmental Management and PolicyGeorgian Institute of Public AffairsTbilisiGeorgia
| | - Anne Gobin
- Flemish Institute for Technological ResearchMolBelgium
- Department of Earth and Environmental ScienceFaculty of BioScience EngineeringKULeuvenBelgium
| | - Ignacio Goded
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | - Mathias Goeckede
- Department of Biogeochemical SignalsMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - Felix Gottschall
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Bente Jessen Graae
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Sarah Greenwood
- Biodiversity, Wildlife and Ecosystem HealthBiomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Caroline Greiser
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Achim Grelle
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Mauro Guglielmin
- Department of Theoretical and Applied SciencesInsubria UniversityVareseItaly
| | - Joannès Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Peter Haase
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum FrankfurtGelnhausenGermany
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Aud H. Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Maroof Hamid
- Centre for Biodiversity and TaxonomyDepartment of BotanyUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
| | - Albin Hammerle
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Siri V. Haugum
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- The Heathland CentreAlverNorway
| | - Lucia Hederová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Bernard Heinesch
- TERRA Teaching and Research CenterFaculty of Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeGemblouxBelgium
| | | | - Daniel Hepenstrick
- Vegetation EcologyInstitute of Natural Resource SciencesZHAW Zurich University of Applied SciencesGrüentalSwitzerland
| | - Maximiliane Herberich
- Institute for BotanyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Mathias Herbst
- Centre for Agrometeorological Research (ZAMF)German Meteorological Service (DWD)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Luise Hermanutz
- Dept of BiologyMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
| | - David S. Hik
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Raúl Hoffrén
- Department of GeographyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Faculty of Resource ManagementHAWK University of Applied Sciences and ArtsGöttingenGermany
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Toke T. Høye
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityRøndeDenmark
| | - Filip Hrbacek
- Department of GeographyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
| | - Marcin Antoni Jackowicz‐Korczynski
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | | | - Järvi Järveoja
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Szymon Jastrzębowski
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree GeneticsForest Research InstituteRaszynPoland
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental ResearchBayreuthGermany
| | - Juan J. Jiménez
- ARAID/IPE‐CSICPyrenean Institute of EcologyAvda. Llano de la VictoriaSpain
| | | | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Alistair S. Jump
- Biological and Environmental SciencesFaculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingScotland
| | - Radoslaw Juszczak
- Laboratory of BioclimatologyDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ProtectionPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Róbert Kanka
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Vít Kašpar
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - George Kazakis
- Department of Geo‐information in Environmental ManagementMediterranean Agronomic Institute of ChaniaChaniaGreece
| | - Julia Kelly
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Anzar A. Khuroo
- Centre for Biodiversity and TaxonomyDepartment of BotanyUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
| | - Leif Klemedtsson
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Marcin Klisz
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree GeneticsForest Research InstituteRaszynPoland
| | - Natascha Kljun
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | | | | | - Jozef Kollár
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Martyna M. Kotowska
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Bence Kovács
- Centre for Ecological ResearchInstitute of Ecology and BotanyVácrátótHungary
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Andrea Lamprecht
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Simone I. Lang
- Department of Arctic BiologyThe University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS)Longyearbyen, SvalbardNorway
| | - Christian Larson
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental SciencesMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | - Keith Larson
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental SciencesUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Kamil Laska
- Department of GeographyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Centre for Polar EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Guerric le Maire
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Rachel I. Leihy
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology UnitDepartment of BiologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Bengt Liljebladh
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteClimate System ResearchHelsinkiFinland
- INAR Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Juan Lorite
- Department of BotanyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Interuniversity Institute for Earth System ResearchUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | | | - Joshua Lynn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Roy Mackenzie
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)University Austral of ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Enzo Magliulo
- CNR Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Regine Maier
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Francesco Malfasi
- Department of Science and High TechnologyInsubria UniversityComoItaly
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of ForestryTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Giovanni Manca
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | - Antonio Manco
- CNR Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Tanguy Manise
- TERRA Teaching and Research CenterFaculty of Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Paraskevi Manolaki
- School of Pure & Applied SciencesEnvironmental Conservation and Management ProgrammeOpen University of CyprusLatsiaCyprus
- Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced StudiesAIAS Høegh‐Guldbergs Gade 6BAarhusDenmark
| | - Felipe Marciniak
- Pós‐Graduação em Ciências de Florestas TropicaisInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrasil
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ana Clara Mazzolari
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | - Sergiy Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental MonitoringOdesa National I.I. Mechnikov UniversityOdesaUkraine
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
- NGO New EnergyKharkivUkraine
| | - Volodymyr Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental MonitoringOdesa National I.I. Mechnikov UniversityOdesaUkraine
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Sonia Merinero
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Rita de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments ProjectCoordenação de Dinâmica AmbientalInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Katrin Meusburger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Sean T. Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ann Milbau
- Department of EnvironmentProvince of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Dmitry Moiseev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of Ural Division of Russian Academy of ScienceEkaterinburgRussia
| | - Pavel Moiseev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of Ural Division of Russian Academy of ScienceEkaterinburgRussia
| | - Andrea Mondoni
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | | | - Mikel Moriana‐Armendariz
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Umberto Morra di Cella
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta ValleySaint‐ChristopheItaly
| | | | - Jonathan R. Mosedale
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusCornwallUK
| | - Lena Muffler
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas
- Centre for Ecosystem ScienceSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Jonathan A. Myers
- Department of BiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Animal BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of CampinasCampinasBrazil
| | | | - Ilona Naujokaitis‐Lewis
- National Wildlife Research CentreEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Emily Newling
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lena Nicklas
- Department of BotanyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg Niedrist
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEurac ResearchBozen/BolzanoItaly
| | - Armin Niessner
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Mats B. Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Signe Normand
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Marcelo D. Nosetto
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San LuisIMASL, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de San LuisSan LuisArgentina
- Cátedra de Climatología Agrícola (FCA‐UNER)Entre RíosArgentina
| | - Yann Nouvellon
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Martin A. Nuñez
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Grupo de Ecología de InvasionesINIBIOMACONICET/ Universidad Nacional del ComahueBarilocheArgentina
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSICGlobal Ecology Unit CREAF‐ CSIC‐UABBellaterraSpain
- CREAFSpain
| | - Jérôme Ogée
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Joseph Okello
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Mountains of the Moon UniversityFort PortalUganda
- National Agricultural Research OrganisationMbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development InstituteMbararaUganda
| | - Janusz Olejnik
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | | | | | - Simone Orsenigo
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Andrej Palaj
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Timo Pampuch
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | | | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Ada Pastor
- Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Marian Pavelka
- Global Change Research InstituteAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCzech Republic
| | - William D. Pearse
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
- Department of Life SciencesImperial CollegeAscot, BerkshireUK
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape EcologyInstitute of Terrestrial EcosystemsDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Unit of Land Change ScienceSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Josep Penuelas
- CSICGlobal Ecology Unit CREAF‐ CSIC‐UABBellaterraSpain
- CREAFSpain
| | - Matteo Petit Bon
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Department of Arctic BiologyThe University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS)Longyearbyen, SvalbardNorway
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Shyam S. Phartyal
- School of Ecology and Environment StudiesNalanda UniversityRajgirIndia
| | | | - Casimiro Pio
- CESAM & Department of EnvironmentUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Andrea Pitacco
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resourcesAnimals and Environment ‐ University of PaduaLegnaroItaly
| | - Camille Pitteloud
- Landscape EcologyInstitute of Terrestrial EcosystemsDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Unit of Land Change ScienceSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Francesco Porro
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | - Jérôme Poulenard
- Univ. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSUniv. Grenoble AlpesEDYTEMChambéryFrance
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAFE08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaSpain
| | - Anatoly S. Prokushkin
- Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarskRussia
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RASKrasnoyarskRussia
| | - Radoslaw Puchalka
- Department of Ecology and BiogeographyFaculty of Biological and Veterinary SciencesNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
- Centre for Climate Change ResearchNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
| | - Mihai Pușcaș
- A. Borza Botanic GardenBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- Faculty of Biology and GeologyDepartment of Taxonomy and EcologyBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- E. G. Racoviță InstituteBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Dajana Radujković
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Krystal Randall
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Amanda Ratier Backes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Sabine Remmele
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Wolfram Remmers
- University of Applied Sciences TrierEnvironmental Campus BirkenfeldBirkenfeldGermany
| | - David Renault
- Université de RennesCNRSEcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553RennesFrance
- Institut Universitaire de FranceParisFrance
| | - Anita C. Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERCDavos DorfSwitzerland
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bjorn J. M. Robroek
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Environmental and Biological SciencesRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Adrian V. Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Environmental Change InitiativeUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndianaUSA
| | - Christian Rossi
- Swiss National ParkChastè Planta‐WildenbergZernezSwitzerland
- Remote Sensing LaboratoriesDepartment of GeographyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Graziano Rossi
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Olivier Roupsard
- CIRADUMR Eco&SolsDakarSenegal
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAE, IRDInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance
- LMI IESOLCentre IRD‐ISRA de Bel AirDakarSenegal
| | | | - Patrick Saccone
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - Jhonatan Sallo Bravo
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del CuscoCuscoPerú
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Wilhelm L. JohannsenCuscoPerú
| | - Cinthya C. Santos
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFFInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Judith M. Sarneel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jonas Schmeddes
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Marius Schmidt
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences (IBG‐3): AgrosphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Thomas Scholten
- Chair of Soil Science and GeomorphologyDepartment of GeosciencesUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Max Schuchardt
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Naomi Schwartz
- Department of GeographyThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Tony Scott
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Julia Seeber
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEurac ResearchBozen/BolzanoItaly
| | | | - Tim Seipel
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental SciencesMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | | | - Rebecca A. Senior
- Princeton School of Public and International AffairsPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Piotr Sewerniak
- Department of Soil Science and Landscape ManagementFaculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial ManagementNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
| | - Ankit Shekhar
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Laura Siegwart Collier
- Dept of BiologyMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
- Terra Nova National ParkParks Canada AgencyGlovertownNewfoundlandCanada
| | - Elizabeth Simpson
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - David P. Siqueira
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Zuzana Sitková
- National Forest CentreForest Research Institute ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marko Smiljanic
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Stuart W. Smith
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Physical GeographyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Sarah Smith‐Tripp
- Department of GeographyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ben Somers
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Mia Vedel Sørensen
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | | | - Bartolomeu Israel Souza
- Departamento de Geociências. Cidade UniversitáriaUniversidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa ‐ PBBrasil
| | - Arildo Souza Dias
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFFInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
- Department of Physical GeographyGoethe‐Universität FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Marko J. Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - James D. M. Speed
- Department of Natural HistoryNTNU University MuseumNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR 7058 CNRS ‘Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés’ (EDYSAN)Univ. de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
| | - Angela Stanisci
- EnvixLabDipartimento di Bioscienze e TerritorioUniversità degli Studi del MoliseTermoliItaly
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Rainer Steinbrecher
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK)Department of Atmospheric Environmental Research (IFU)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Garmisch‐PartenkirchenGermany
| | | | - Michael Stemkovski
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Jörg G. Stephan
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesSLU Swedish Species Information CentreUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Stefan Stoll
- University of Applied Sciences TrierEnvironmental Campus BirkenfeldBirkenfeldGermany
- Faculty for BiologyUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Andrew J. Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Franziska Tanneberger
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of Greifswald, partner in the Greifswald Mire CentreGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jean‐Paul Theurillat
- Foundation J.‐M. AubertChampex‐LacSwitzerland
- Département de Botanique et Biologie végétaleUniversité de GenèveChambésySwitzerland
| | | | - Andrew D. Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityWalesUK
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Marcello Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Urs Albert Treier
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Mario Trouillier
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Pavel Dan Turtureanu
- A. Borza Botanic GardenBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- E. G. Racoviță InstituteBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- Center for Systematic Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources ‐ 3BBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Rosamond Tutton
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Vilna A. Tyystjärvi
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- Finnish Meteorological InstHelsinkiFinland
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversityJapan
| | - Karol Ujházy
- Faculty of ForestryTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Mariana Ujházyová
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | | | - Anastasiya V. Urban
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RASKrasnoyarskRussia
| | - Josef Urban
- Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarskRussia
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Marek Urbaniak
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Tudor‐Mihai Ursu
- Institute of Biological Research Cluj‐NapocaNational Institute of Research and Development for Biological SciencesBucharestRomania
| | | | - Stijn Van de Vondel
- The Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE)University of AntwerpWilrijk (Antwerpen)Belgium
| | - Liesbeth van den Brink
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Maarten Van Geel
- Plant Conservation and Population BiologyDepartment of BiologyKU LeuvenHeverleeBelgium
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - G. F. Veen
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Elmar Veenendaal
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Susanna E. Venn
- Centre for Integrative EcologySchool of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab ‐ Computational and Applied Vegetation EcologyDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Erik Verbrugggen
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Frank G. A. Verheijen
- Earth Surface Processes TeamCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM)Department of Environment and PlanningUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Luis Villar
- Instituto Pirenaico de EcologíaIPE‐CSIC. Av. Llano de la VictoriaJaca (Huesca)Spain
| | - Luca Vitale
- CNR ‐ Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPorticiItaly
| | - Pascal Vittoz
- Institute of Earth Surface DynamicsFaculty of Geosciences and EnvironmentUniversity of LausanneGéopolisSwitzerland
| | | | - Jonathan von Oppen
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Josefine Walz
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental SciencesUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Runxi Wang
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Robert G. Way
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Robert Weigel
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | | | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Lisa Wingate
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Swiss National ParkChastè Planta‐WildenbergZernezSwitzerland
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengduP.R. China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai MountainsSchool of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kailiang Yu
- High Meadows Environmental InstitutePrinceton UniversityNew JerseyUSA
| | - Florian Zellweger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Jian Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhaochen Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Klaudia Ziemblińska
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Reiner Zimmermann
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- Ecological‐Botanical GardensUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Shengwei Zong
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai MountainsMinistry of EducationSchool of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | | | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR 7058 CNRS ‘Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés’ (EDYSAN)Univ. de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
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10
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De Lombaerde E, Vangansbeke P, Lenoir J, Van Meerbeek K, Lembrechts J, Rodríguez-Sánchez F, Luoto M, Scheffers B, Haesen S, Aalto J, Christiansen DM, De Pauw K, Depauw L, Govaert S, Greiser C, Hampe A, Hylander K, Klinges D, Koelemeijer I, Meeussen C, Ogée J, Sanczuk P, Vanneste T, Zellweger F, Baeten L, De Frenne P. Maintaining forest cover to enhance temperature buffering under future climate change. Sci Total Environ 2022; 810:151338. [PMID: 34748832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forest canopies buffer macroclimatic temperature fluctuations. However, we do not know if and how the capacity of canopies to buffer understorey temperature will change with accelerating climate change. Here we map the difference (offset) between temperatures inside and outside forests in the recent past and project these into the future in boreal, temperate and tropical forests. Using linear mixed-effect models, we combined a global database of 714 paired time series of temperatures (mean, minimum and maximum) measured inside forests vs. in nearby open habitats with maps of macroclimate, topography and forest cover to hindcast past (1970-2000) and to project future (2060-2080) temperature differences between free-air temperatures and sub-canopy microclimates. For all tested future climate scenarios, we project that the difference between maximum temperatures inside and outside forests across the globe will increase (i.e. result in stronger cooling in forests), on average during 2060-2080, by 0.27 ± 0.16 °C (RCP2.6) and 0.60 ± 0.14 °C (RCP8.5) due to macroclimate changes. This suggests that extremely hot temperatures under forest canopies will, on average, warm less than outside forests as macroclimate warms. This knowledge is of utmost importance as it suggests that forest microclimates will warm at a slower rate than non-forested areas, assuming that forest cover is maintained. Species adapted to colder growing conditions may thus find shelter and survive longer than anticipated at a given forest site. This highlights the potential role of forests as a whole as microrefugia for biodiversity under future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Lenoir
- Ecologie et dynamique des systèmes anthropisés (EDYSAN), UMR CNRS 7058, Amiens, France
| | | | - Jonas Lembrechts
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brett Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juha Aalto
- Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Karen De Pauw
- Forest and Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Leen Depauw
- Forest and Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest and Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Caroline Greiser
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arndt Hampe
- BIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Cestas, France
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Klinges
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Irena Koelemeijer
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jerome Ogée
- INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Pieter Sanczuk
- Forest and Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | - Florian Zellweger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest and Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
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11
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De Pauw K, Sanczuk P, Meeussen C, Depauw L, De Lombaerde E, Govaert S, Vanneste T, Brunet J, Cousins SAO, Gasperini C, Hedwall PO, Iacopetti G, Lenoir J, Plue J, Selvi F, Spicher F, Uria-Diez J, Verheyen K, Vangansbeke P, De Frenne P. Forest understorey communities respond strongly to light in interaction with forest structure, but not to microclimate warming. New Phytol 2022; 233:219-235. [PMID: 34664731 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forests harbour large spatiotemporal heterogeneity in canopy structure. This variation drives the microclimate and light availability at the forest floor. So far, we do not know how light availability and sub-canopy temperature interactively mediate the impact of macroclimate warming on understorey communities. We therefore assessed the functional response of understorey plant communities to warming and light addition in a full factorial experiment installed in temperate deciduous forests across Europe along natural microclimate, light and macroclimate gradients. Furthermore, we related these functional responses to the species' life-history syndromes and thermal niches. We found no significant community responses to the warming treatment. The light treatment, however, had a stronger impact on communities, mainly due to responses by fast-colonizing generalists and not by slow-colonizing forest specialists. The forest structure strongly mediated the response to light addition and also had a clear impact on functional traits and total plant cover. The effects of short-term experimental warming were small and suggest a time-lag in the response of understorey species to climate change. Canopy disturbance, for instance due to drought, pests or logging, has a strong and immediate impact and particularly favours generalists in the understorey in structurally complex forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen De Pauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter Sanczuk
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Leen Depauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Emiel De Lombaerde
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Sara A O Cousins
- Landscapes, Environment and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Gasperini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P. le Cascine 28, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Per-Ola Hedwall
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Iacopetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P. le Cascine 28, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Jan Plue
- IVL Swedish Environmental Institute, Valhallavägen 81, 114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P. le Cascine 28, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Jaime Uria-Diez
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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12
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Haesen S, Lembrechts JJ, De Frenne P, Lenoir J, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, Kopecký M, Luoto M, Maclean I, Nijs I, Niittynen P, van den Hoogen J, Arriga N, Brůna J, Buchmann N, Čiliak M, Collalti A, De Lombaerde E, Descombes P, Gharun M, Goded I, Govaert S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Gruening C, Hederová L, Hylander K, Kreyling J, Kruijt B, Macek M, Máliš F, Man M, Manca G, Matula R, Meeussen C, Merinero S, Minerbi S, Montagnani L, Muffler L, Ogaya R, Penuelas J, Plichta R, Portillo-Estrada M, Schmeddes J, Shekhar A, Spicher F, Ujházyová M, Vangansbeke P, Weigel R, Wild J, Zellweger F, Van Meerbeek K. ForestTemp - Sub-canopy microclimate temperatures of European forests. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:6307-6319. [PMID: 34605132 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ecological research heavily relies on coarse-gridded climate data based on standardized temperature measurements recorded at 2 m height in open landscapes. However, many organisms experience environmental conditions that differ substantially from those captured by these macroclimatic (i.e. free air) temperature grids. In forests, the tree canopy functions as a thermal insulator and buffers sub-canopy microclimatic conditions, thereby affecting biological and ecological processes. To improve the assessment of climatic conditions and climate-change-related impacts on forest-floor biodiversity and functioning, high-resolution temperature grids reflecting forest microclimates are thus urgently needed. Combining more than 1200 time series of in situ near-surface forest temperature with topographical, biological and macroclimatic variables in a machine learning model, we predicted the mean monthly offset between sub-canopy temperature at 15 cm above the surface and free-air temperature over the period 2000-2020 at a spatial resolution of 25 m across Europe. This offset was used to evaluate the difference between microclimate and macroclimate across space and seasons and finally enabled us to calculate mean annual and monthly temperatures for European forest understories. We found that sub-canopy air temperatures differ substantially from free-air temperatures, being on average 2.1°C (standard deviation ± 1.6°C) lower in summer and 2.0°C higher (±0.7°C) in winter across Europe. Additionally, our high-resolution maps expose considerable microclimatic variation within landscapes, not captured by the gridded macroclimatic products. The provided forest sub-canopy temperature maps will enable future research to model below-canopy biological processes and patterns, as well as species distributions more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas J Lembrechts
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Juha Aalto
- Finnish Meteorological Inst., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael B Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilya Maclean
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | | | - Nicola Arriga
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Josef Brůna
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marek Čiliak
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
| | - Emiel De Lombaerde
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Patrice Descombes
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Musée et Jardins botaniques Cantonaux, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ignacio Goded
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Caroline Greiser
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Achim Grelle
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Lucia Hederová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bart Kruijt
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Manca
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sonia Merinero
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Leonardo Montagnani
- Forest Services, Bolzano, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Lena Muffler
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Science, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jonas Schmeddes
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ankit Shekhar
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mariana Ujházyová
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Robert Weigel
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Science, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Florian Zellweger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Naaf T, Feigs JT, Huang S, Brunet J, Cousins SAO, Decocq G, De Frenne P, Diekmann M, Govaert S, Hedwall PO, Lenoir J, Liira J, Meeussen C, Plue J, Vangansbeke P, Vanneste T, Verheyen K, Holzhauer SIJ, Kramp K. Context matters: the landscape matrix determines the population genetic structure of temperate forest herbs across Europe. Landsc Ecol 2021; 37:1365-1384. [PMID: 35571363 PMCID: PMC9085688 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-021-01376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plant populations in agricultural landscapes are mostly fragmented and their functional connectivity often depends on seed and pollen dispersal by animals. However, little is known about how the interactions of seed and pollen dispersers with the agricultural matrix translate into gene flow among plant populations. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify effects of the landscape structure on the genetic diversity within, and the genetic differentiation among, spatially isolated populations of three temperate forest herbs. We asked, whether different arable crops have different effects, and whether the orientation of linear landscape elements relative to the gene dispersal direction matters. METHODS We analysed the species' population genetic structures in seven agricultural landscapes across temperate Europe using microsatellite markers. These were modelled as a function of landscape composition and configuration, which we quantified in buffer zones around, and in rectangular landscape strips between, plant populations. RESULTS Landscape effects were diverse and often contrasting between species, reflecting their association with different pollen- or seed dispersal vectors. Differentiating crop types rather than lumping them together yielded higher proportions of explained variation. Some linear landscape elements had both a channelling and hampering effect on gene flow, depending on their orientation. CONCLUSIONS Landscape structure is a more important determinant of the species' population genetic structure than habitat loss and fragmentation per se. Landscape planning with the aim to enhance the functional connectivity among spatially isolated plant populations should consider that even species of the same ecological guild might show distinct responses to the landscape structure. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-021-01376-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Jannis Till Feigs
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Siyu Huang
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Sara A. O. Cousins
- Landscapes, Environment and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, FB2, University of Bremen, Leobener Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Per-Ola Hedwall
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Jaan Liira
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Jan Plue
- IVL Swedish Environmental Institute, Valhallavägen 81, 10031 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanneste
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Stephanie I. J. Holzhauer
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Katja Kramp
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
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14
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Gasperini C, Carrari E, Govaert S, Meeussen C, De Pauw K, Plue J, Sanczuk P, Vanneste T, Vangansbeke P, Jacopetti G, De Frenne P, Selvi F. Edge effects on the realised soil seed bank along microclimatic gradients in temperate European forests. Sci Total Environ 2021; 798:149373. [PMID: 34375232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the crucial role of the seed bank in forest conservation and dynamics, the effects of forest edge microclimate and climate warming on germination responses from the forest seed bank are still almost unknown. Here, we investigated edge effects on the realised seed bank and seedling community in two types of European temperate deciduous forest, one in the Oceanic and one in the Mediterranean climatic region. Responses in terms of seedling density, diversity, species composition and functional type of the seed bank at the forest edge and interior were examined along latitudinal, elevational and stand structural gradients by means of soil translocation experiments. Moreover, we translocated soil samples from high to low elevation forests in the two regions, thus performing a warming simulation. Density, species diversity and mortality of the seedlings varied with region and elevation. Seedling density also differed between forest edge and interior position, while seedling cover mainly depended on forest structure. Both the edge and interior forest seed bank contained a high proportion of generalist species. In Belgium, a more homogeneous seed bank was found at the forest edge and interior, while in Italy compositional and ecological differences were larger: at the forest edge, more light and less moisture demanding seedling communities developed, with a higher proportion of generalists compared to the interior. In both regions, the upland-to-lowland translocation experiment revealed effects of warming on forest seed banks with thermophilization of the realised communities. Moreover, edge conditions shifted the seedling composition towards more light-demanding communities. The establishment of more light and warm-adapted species from the seed bank could in the long term alter the aboveground vegetation composition, with communities becoming progressively richer in light-demanding generalists and poorer in forest specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gasperini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P. le Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P. le Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Karen De Pauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jan Plue
- IVL Swedish Environmental Institute, Valhallavägen 81, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pieter Sanczuk
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Jacopetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P. le Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P. le Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
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15
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Govaert S, Vangansbeke P, Blondeel H, De Lombaerde E, Verheyen K, De Frenne P. Forest understorey plant responses to long-term experimental warming, light and nitrogen addition. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2021; 23:1051-1062. [PMID: 34516719 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, eutrophication and intensified forest management are affecting forest understorey plants, a major component of forest biodiversity. The main impacts of these drivers have often been studied, but we lack a good understanding of how key understorey species are affected by potential interactive effects of these drivers and which species drive community changes. Here we assessed the responses of 15 species occurring in the understorey of a deciduous temperate forest to experimental warming, light addition and enhanced nitrogen inputs in permanent plots surveyed for 9 years. We analysed vegetation cover and key functional traits (plant height, specific leaf area and reproductive traits) at the species level and identified the species driving community change with principal response curves (PRC). Light addition and warming, and to a lesser extent also nitrogen addition, had profound effects on cover and functional traits. Many species showed directional change over time, and this change can either be strengthened or weakened by treatments, indicating the importance of long-term monitoring. Against expectations, we observed few interactions between treatments. Species responses to treatments were related to ecological strategies (generalists versus forest specialist). Generalists, such as Rubus fruticosus, benefitted from the warming and light treatments and outcompeted forest specialists. This might ultimately lead to biotic homogenization. Since the treatment effects of light and warming were additive, keeping the canopy closed will only mitigate, but not stop, the effects of global warming on the forest understorey plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - P Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - H Blondeel
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - E De Lombaerde
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - K Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - P De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
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16
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Pieters O, Deprost E, Van Der Donckt J, Brosens L, Sanczuk P, Vangansbeke P, De Swaef T, De Frenne P, wyffels F. MIRRA: A Modular and Cost-Effective Microclimate Monitoring System for Real-Time Remote Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:4615. [PMID: 34283163 PMCID: PMC8271970 DOI: 10.3390/s21134615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring climate change, and its impacts on ecological, agricultural, and other societal systems, is often based on temperature data derived from official weather stations. Yet, these data do not capture most microclimates, influenced by soil, vegetation and topography, operating at spatial scales relevant to the majority of organisms on Earth. Detecting and attributing climate change impacts with confidence and certainty will only be possible by a better quantification of temperature changes in forests, croplands, mountains, shrublands, and other remote habitats. There is an urgent need for a novel, miniature and simple device filling the gap between low-cost devices with manual data download (no instantaneous data) and high-end, expensive weather stations with real-time data access. Here, we develop an integrative real-time monitoring system for microclimate measurements: MIRRA (Microclimate Instrument for Real-time Remote Applications) to tackle this problem. The goal of this platform is the design of a miniature and simple instrument for near instantaneous, long-term and remote measurements of microclimates. To that end, we optimised power consumption and transfer data using a cellular uplink. MIRRA is modular, enabling the use of different sensors (e.g., air and soil temperature, soil moisture and radiation) depending upon the application, and uses an innovative node system highly suitable for remote locations. Data from separate sensor modules are wirelessly sent to a gateway, thus avoiding the drawbacks of cables. With this sensor technology for the long-term, low-cost, real-time and remote sensing of microclimates, we lay the foundation and open a wide range of possibilities to map microclimates in different ecosystems, feeding a next generation of models. MIRRA is, however, not limited to microclimate monitoring thanks to its modular and wireless design. Within limits, it is suitable or any application requiring real-time data logging of power-efficient sensors over long periods of time. We compare the performance of this system to a reference system in real-world conditions in the field, indicating excellent correlation with data collected by established data loggers. This proof-of-concept forms an important foundation to creating the next version of MIRRA, fit for large scale deployment and possible commercialisation. In conclusion, we developed a novel wireless cost-effective sensor system for microclimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pieters
- IDLab-AIRO—Ghent University—imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium;
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium;
| | - Emiel Deprost
- IDLab-MEDIA—Ghent University—imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (E.D.); (J.V.D.D.)
| | - Jonas Van Der Donckt
- IDLab-MEDIA—Ghent University—imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (E.D.); (J.V.D.D.)
| | - Lore Brosens
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Product Design, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium;
| | - Pieter Sanczuk
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode, Belgium; (P.S.); (P.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode, Belgium; (P.S.); (P.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Tom De Swaef
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium;
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode, Belgium; (P.S.); (P.V.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Francis wyffels
- IDLab-AIRO—Ghent University—imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium;
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17
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De Frenne P, Lenoir J, Luoto M, Scheffers BR, Zellweger F, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, Christiansen DM, Decocq G, De Pauw K, Govaert S, Greiser C, Gril E, Hampe A, Jucker T, Klinges DH, Koelemeijer IA, Lembrechts JJ, Marrec R, Meeussen C, Ogée J, Tyystjärvi V, Vangansbeke P, Hylander K. Forest microclimates and climate change: Importance, drivers and future research agenda. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:2279-2297. [PMID: 33725415 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Forest microclimates contrast strongly with the climate outside forests. To fully understand and better predict how forests' biodiversity and functions relate to climate and climate change, microclimates need to be integrated into ecological research. Despite the potentially broad impact of microclimates on the response of forest ecosystems to global change, our understanding of how microclimates within and below tree canopies modulate biotic responses to global change at the species, community and ecosystem level is still limited. Here, we review how spatial and temporal variation in forest microclimates result from an interplay of forest features, local water balance, topography and landscape composition. We first stress and exemplify the importance of considering forest microclimates to understand variation in biodiversity and ecosystem functions across forest landscapes. Next, we explain how macroclimate warming (of the free atmosphere) can affect microclimates, and vice versa, via interactions with land-use changes across different biomes. Finally, we perform a priority ranking of future research avenues at the interface of microclimate ecology and global change biology, with a specific focus on three key themes: (1) disentangling the abiotic and biotic drivers and feedbacks of forest microclimates; (2) global and regional mapping and predictions of forest microclimates; and (3) the impacts of microclimate on forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the face of climate change. The availability of microclimatic data will significantly increase in the coming decades, characterizing climate variability at unprecedented spatial and temporal scales relevant to biological processes in forests. This will revolutionize our understanding of the dynamics, drivers and implications of forest microclimates on biodiversity and ecological functions, and the impacts of global changes. In order to support the sustainable use of forests and to secure their biodiversity and ecosystem services for future generations, microclimates cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR 7058 CNRS "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brett R Scheffers
- Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Juha Aalto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael B Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ditte M Christiansen
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UMR 7058 CNRS "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Karen De Pauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Caroline Greiser
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Gril
- UMR 7058 CNRS "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Arndt Hampe
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, Cestas, France
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David H Klinges
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Irena A Koelemeijer
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ronan Marrec
- UMR 7058 CNRS "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Jérôme Ogée
- INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Vilna Tyystjärvi
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Meeussen C, Govaert S, Vanneste T, Haesen S, Van Meerbeek K, Bollmann K, Brunet J, Calders K, Cousins SAO, Diekmann M, Graae BJ, Iacopetti G, Lenoir J, Orczewska A, Ponette Q, Plue J, Selvi F, Spicher F, Sørensen MV, Verbeeck H, Vermeir P, Verheyen K, Vangansbeke P, De Frenne P. Drivers of carbon stocks in forest edges across Europe. Sci Total Environ 2021; 759:143497. [PMID: 33246733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forests play a key role in global carbon cycling and sequestration. However, the potential for carbon drawdown is affected by forest fragmentation and resulting changes in microclimate, nutrient inputs, disturbance and productivity near edges. Up to 20% of the global forested area lies within 100 m of an edge and, even in temperate forests, knowledge on how edge conditions affect carbon stocks and how far this influence penetrates into forest interiors is scarce. Here we studied carbon stocks in the aboveground biomass, forest floor and the mineral topsoil in 225 plots in deciduous forest edges across Europe and tested the impact of macroclimate, nitrogen deposition and smaller-grained drivers (e.g. microclimate) on these stocks. Total carbon and carbon in the aboveground biomass stock were on average 39% and 95% higher at the forest edge than 100 m into the interior. The increase in the aboveground biomass stock close to the edge was mainly related to enhanced nitrogen deposition. No edge influence was found for stocks in the mineral topsoil. Edge-to-interior gradients in forest floor carbon changed across latitude: carbon stocks in the forest floor were higher near the edge in southern Europe. Forest floor carbon decreased with increasing litter quality (i.e. high decomposition rate) and decreasing plant area index, whereas higher soil temperatures negatively affected the mineral topsoil carbon. Based on high-resolution forest fragmentation maps, we estimate that the additional carbon stored in deciduous forest edges across Europe amounts to not less than 183 Tg carbon, which is equivalent to the storage capacity of 1 million ha of additional forest. This study underpins the importance of including edge influences when quantifying the carbon stocks in temperate forests and stresses the importance of preserving natural forest edges and small forest patches with a high edge-to-interior surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt Bollmann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Kim Calders
- CAVElab - Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara A O Cousins
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, FB2, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Bente J Graae
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Giovanni Iacopetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P. le Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR « Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés » (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Anna Orczewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Quentin Ponette
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix de Sud 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jan Plue
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P. le Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UR « Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés » (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Mia Vedel Sørensen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab - Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Laboratory for Chemical Analysis (LCA), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Voskenslaan 270, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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19
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Zellweger F, De Frenne P, Lenoir J, Vangansbeke P, Verheyen K, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Baeten L, Hédl R, Berki I, Brunet J, Van Calster H, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Heinken T, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Máliš F, Macek M, Malicki M, Naaf T, Nagel TA, Ortmann-Ajkai A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Vild O, Wulf M, Coomes D. Response to Comment on "Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming". Science 2020; 370:370/6522/eabf2939. [PMID: 33303585 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Schall and Heinrichs question our interpretation that the climatic debt in understory plant communities is locally modulated by canopy buffering. However, our results clearly show that the discrepancy between microclimate warming rates and thermophilization rates is highest in forests where canopy cover was reduced, which suggests that the need for communities to respond to warming is highest in those forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Zellweger
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK. .,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | - Lander Baeten
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Imre Berki
- Institute of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Sopron, H-9400 Sopron, Hungary
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Box 49, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Hans Van Calster
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Rzeszów, PL-35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, CZ-165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia.,National Forest Centre, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malicki
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas A Nagel
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, PL-50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, L. Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Teleki
- Institute for Regional Development, University of Pécs, H-7100 Szekszárd, Hungary.,Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany
| | - David Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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20
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Zellweger F, De Frenne P, Lenoir J, Vangansbeke P, Verheyen K, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Baeten L, Hédl R, Berki I, Brunet J, Van Calster H, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Heinken T, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Máliš F, Macek M, Malicki M, Naaf T, Nagel TA, Ortmann-Ajkai A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Vild O, Wulf M, Coomes D. Response to Comment on "Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming". Science 2020; 370:370/6520/eabd6193. [PMID: 33243862 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd6193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bertrand et al question our interpretation about warming effects on the thermophilization in forest plant communities and propose an alternative way to analyze climatic debt. We show that microclimate warming is a better predictor than macroclimate warming for studying forest plant community responses to warming. Their additional analyses do not affect or change our interpretations and conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Zellweger
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK. .,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | - Lander Baeten
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Imre Berki
- Institute of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Sopron, H-9400 Sopron, Hungary
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Box 49, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Hans Van Calster
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Rzeszów, PL-35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Insitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, CZ-165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia.,National Forest Centre, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malicki
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas A Nagel
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, PL-50-328 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, L. Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Teleki
- Institute for Regional Development, University of Pécs, H-7100 Szekszárd, Hungary.,Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany
| | - David Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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21
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Lembrechts JJ, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, De Frenne P, Kopecký M, Lenoir J, Luoto M, Maclean IMD, Roupsard O, Fuentes-Lillo E, García RA, Pellissier L, Pitteloud C, Alatalo JM, Smith SW, Björk RG, Muffler L, Ratier Backes A, Cesarz S, Gottschall F, Okello J, Urban J, Plichta R, Svátek M, Phartyal SS, Wipf S, Eisenhauer N, Pușcaș M, Turtureanu PD, Varlagin A, Dimarco RD, Jump AS, Randall K, Dorrepaal E, Larson K, Walz J, Vitale L, Svoboda M, Finger Higgens R, Halbritter AH, Curasi SR, Klupar I, Koontz A, Pearse WD, Simpson E, Stemkovski M, Jessen Graae B, Vedel Sørensen M, Høye TT, Fernández Calzado MR, Lorite J, Carbognani M, Tomaselli M, Forte TGW, Petraglia A, Haesen S, Somers B, Van Meerbeek K, Björkman MP, Hylander K, Merinero S, Gharun M, Buchmann N, Dolezal J, Matula R, Thomas AD, Bailey JJ, Ghosn D, Kazakis G, de Pablo MA, Kemppinen J, Niittynen P, Rew L, Seipel T, Larson C, Speed JDM, Ardö J, Cannone N, Guglielmin M, Malfasi F, Bader MY, Canessa R, Stanisci A, Kreyling J, Schmeddes J, Teuber L, Aschero V, Čiliak M, Máliš F, De Smedt P, Govaert S, Meeussen C, Vangansbeke P, Gigauri K, Lamprecht A, Pauli H, Steinbauer K, Winkler M, Ueyama M, Nuñez MA, Ursu TM, Haider S, Wedegärtner REM, Smiljanic M, Trouillier M, Wilmking M, Altman J, Brůna J, Hederová L, Macek M, Man M, Wild J, Vittoz P, Pärtel M, Barančok P, Kanka R, Kollár J, Palaj A, Barros A, Mazzolari AC, Bauters M, Boeckx P, Benito Alonso JL, Zong S, Di Cecco V, Sitková Z, Tielbörger K, van den Brink L, Weigel R, Homeier J, Dahlberg CJ, Medinets S, Medinets V, De Boeck HJ, Portillo-Estrada M, Verryckt LT, Milbau A, Daskalova GN, Thomas HJD, Myers-Smith IH, Blonder B, Stephan JG, Descombes P, Zellweger F, Frei ER, Heinesch B, Andrews C, Dick J, Siebicke L, Rocha A, Senior RA, Rixen C, Jimenez JJ, Boike J, Pauchard A, Scholten T, Scheffers B, Klinges D, Basham EW, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Géron C, Fazlioglu F, Candan O, Sallo Bravo J, Hrbacek F, Laska K, Cremonese E, Haase P, Moyano FE, Rossi C, Nijs I. SoilTemp: A global database of near-surface temperature. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:6616-6629. [PMID: 32311220 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J Lembrechts
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Juha Aalto
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael B Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisées' (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Univ. de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilya M D Maclean
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Olivier Roupsard
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Dakar, Senegal
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
- School of Education and Social Sciences, Adventist University of Chile, Chile
| | - Rafael A García
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Camille Pitteloud
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stuart W Smith
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Muffler
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Amanda Ratier Backes
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Gottschall
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph Okello
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Mountains of the Moon University, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Josef Urban
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shyam S Phartyal
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, India
- Department of Forestry and NR, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar-Garhwal, India
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mihai Pușcaș
- A. Borza Botanical Garden and Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Pavel D Turtureanu
- A. Borza Botanical Garden, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Romina D Dimarco
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, IFAB (INTA - CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Alistair S Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Krystal Randall
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Keith Larson
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Josefine Walz
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Luca Vitale
- CNR - Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems, Ercolano (Napoli), Italy
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | | | - Aud H Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Salvatore R Curasi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ian Klupar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Austin Koontz
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - William D Pearse
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Elizabeth Simpson
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Michael Stemkovski
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Bente Jessen Graae
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mia Vedel Sørensen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Toke T Høye
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Rønde, Denmark
| | | | - Juan Lorite
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marcello Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - T'ai G W Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben Somers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Mats P Björkman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Merinero
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew D Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | | | - Dany Ghosn
- Department of Geo-information in Environmental Management, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - George Kazakis
- Department of Geo-information in Environmental Management, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Miguel A de Pablo
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Kemppinen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Niittynen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lisa Rew
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Tim Seipel
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Christian Larson
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - James D M Speed
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonas Ardö
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicoletta Cannone
- Department of Science and High Technology, Insubria University, Como, Italy
| | - Mauro Guglielmin
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Malfasi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Maaike Y Bader
- Ecological Plant Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rafaella Canessa
- Ecological Plant Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Angela Stanisci
- EnvixLab, Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Termoli, Italy
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmeddes
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laurenz Teuber
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Valeria Aschero
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Cuyo, Argentina
- Instituto Argentino de Nivologiá, Glaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marek Čiliak
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Pallieter De Smedt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | - Andrea Lamprecht
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Martin A Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA, CONICET/Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Tudor-Mihai Ursu
- Institute of Biological Research Cluj-Napoca, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sylvia Haider
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronja E M Wedegärtner
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marko Smiljanic
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mario Trouillier
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Brůna
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Hederová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Pascal Vittoz
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peter Barančok
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Kanka
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kollár
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Palaj
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Agustina Barros
- Instituto Argentino de Nivologiá, Glaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ana C Mazzolari
- Instituto Argentino de Nivologiá, Glaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Shengwei Zong
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Valter Di Cecco
- Majella Seed Bank, Majella National Park, Lama dei Peligni, Italy
| | - Zuzana Sitková
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Plant Ecology Group, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liesbeth van den Brink
- Plant Ecology Group, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Weigel
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Johan Dahlberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- County Administrative Board of Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sergiy Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental Monitoring, Odesa National I.I. Mechnikov University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental Monitoring, Odesa National I.I. Mechnikov University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Hans J De Boeck
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Lore T Verryckt
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ann Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Blonder
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jörg G Stephan
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrice Descombes
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Esther R Frei
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Heinesch
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Faculty of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Dick
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Midlothian, UK
| | - Lukas Siebicke
- Bioclimatology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca A Senior
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Julia Boike
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Scholten
- Chair of Soil Science and Geomorphology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Brett Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David Klinges
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edmund W Basham
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaochen Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Charly Géron
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Biodiversity and Landscape, TERRA Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Onur Candan
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | | | - Filip Hrbacek
- Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Laska
- Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Aosta, Italy
| | - Peter Haase
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Rossi
- Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Zernez, Switzerland
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Unit Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Blondeel H, Perring MP, De Lombaerde E, Depauw L, Landuyt D, Govaert S, Maes SL, Vangansbeke P, De Frenne P, Verheyen K. Individualistic responses of forest herb traits to environmental change. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2020; 22:601-614. [PMID: 32109335 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific trait variation (ITV; i.e. variability in mean and/or distribution of plant attribute values within species) can occur in response to multiple drivers. Environmental change and land-use legacies could directly alter trait values within species but could also affect them indirectly through changes in vegetation cover. Increasing variability in environmental conditions could lead to more ITV, but responses might differ among species. Disentangling these drivers on ITV is necessary to accurately predict plant community responses to global change. We planted herb communities into forest soils with and without a recent history of agriculture. Soils were collected across temperate European regions, while the 15 selected herb species had different colonizing abilities and affinities to forest habitat. These mesocosms (384) were exposed to two-level full-factorial treatments of warming, nitrogen addition and illumination. We measured plant height and specific leaf area (SLA). For the majority of species, mean plant height increased as vegetation cover increased in response to light addition, warming and agricultural legacy. The coefficient of variation (CV) for height was larger in fast-colonizing species. Mean SLA for vernal species increased with warming, while light addition generally decreased mean SLA for shade-tolerant species. Interactions between treatments were not important predictors. Environmental change treatments influenced ITV, either via increasing vegetation cover or by affecting trait values directly. Species' ITV was individualistic, i.e. species responded to different single resource and condition manipulations that benefited their growth in the short term. These individual responses could be important for altered community organization after a prolonged period.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Blondeel
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - M P Perring
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - E De Lombaerde
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - L Depauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - D Landuyt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - S Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - S L Maes
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - P Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - P De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - K Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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23
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Zellweger F, De Frenne P, Lenoir J, Vangansbeke P, Verheyen K, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Baeten L, Hédl R, Berki I, Brunet J, Van Calster H, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Heinken T, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Máliš F, Macek M, Malicki M, Naaf T, Nagel TA, Ortmann-Ajkai A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Vild O, Wulf M, Coomes D. Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming. Science 2020; 368:772-775. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aba6880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Climate warming is causing a shift in biological communities in favor of warm-affinity species (i.e., thermophilization). Species responses often lag behind climate warming, but the reasons for such lags remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed multidecadal understory microclimate dynamics in European forests and show that thermophilization and the climatic lag in forest plant communities are primarily controlled by microclimate. Increasing tree canopy cover reduces warming rates inside forests, but loss of canopy cover leads to increased local heat that exacerbates the disequilibrium between community responses and climate change. Reciprocal effects between plants and microclimates are key to understanding the response of forest biodiversity and functioning to climate and land-use changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Zellweger
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB23EA, UK
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR “Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés” (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 800037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Imre Berki
- Institute of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Sopron, H-9400 Sopron, Hungary
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Hans Van Calster
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UR “Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés” (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 800037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Rzeszów, PL-35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Insitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, CZ-165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
- National Forest Centre, SK-960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malicki
- Department of Botany, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, PL-50-328 50 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Nagel
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Adrienne Ortmann-Ajkai
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Kraków, PL-32-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, PL-50-328 50 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, L. Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Teleki
- MTA-DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), D-15374 Muencheberg, Germany
| | - David Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB23EA, UK
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24
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Vanneste T, Govaert S, De Kesel W, Van Den Berge S, Vangansbeke P, Meeussen C, Brunet J, Cousins SAO, Decocq G, Diekmann M, Graae BJ, Hedwall P, Heinken T, Helsen K, Kapás RE, Lenoir J, Liira J, Lindmo S, Litza K, Naaf T, Orczewska A, Plue J, Wulf M, Verheyen K, De Frenne P. Plant diversity in hedgerows and road verges across Europe. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Willem De Kesel
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Sanne Van Den Berge
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Sweden Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp Sweden
| | - Sara A. O. Cousins
- Biogeography and Geomatics Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UR «Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés» (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS‐UPJV) Jules Verne University of Picardie Amiens France
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Ecology FB2 University of Bremen Bremen Germany
| | - Bente J. Graae
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Per‐Ola Hedwall
- Southern Sweden Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp Sweden
| | - Thilo Heinken
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - Kenny Helsen
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology Biology Department University of Leuven Heverlee Belgium
| | - Rozália E. Kapás
- Biogeography and Geomatics Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR «Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés» (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS‐UPJV) Jules Verne University of Picardie Amiens France
| | - Jaan Liira
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Sigrid Lindmo
- Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Kathrin Litza
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Ecology FB2 University of Bremen Bremen Germany
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Müncheberg Germany
| | - Anna Orczewska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Jan Plue
- Biogeography and Geomatics Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Monika Wulf
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gontrode‐Melle Belgium
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25
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De Frenne P, Van Langenhove L, Van Driessche A, Bertrand C, Verheyen K, Vangansbeke P. Using archived television video footage to quantify phenology responses to climate change. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab Ghent University Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
- Department of Plant Production Ghent University Melle Belgium
| | | | - Alain Van Driessche
- Flemish Radio and Television Broadcasting Organization (VRT) Brussels Belgium
| | | | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab Ghent University Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab Ghent University Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
- Department of Biosciences and Food Sciences Ghent University College Melle Belgium
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26
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Gruwez R, De Frenne P, Vander Mijnsbrugge K, Vangansbeke P, Verheyen K. Increased temperatures negatively affect Juniperus communis seeds: evidence from transplant experiments along a latitudinal gradient. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2016; 18:417-422. [PMID: 26465806 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With a distribution range that covers most of the Northern hemisphere, common juniper (Juniperus communis) has one of the largest ranges of all vascular plant species. In several regions in Europe, however, populations are decreasing in size and number due to failing recruitment. One of the main causes for this failure is low seed viability. Observational evidence suggests that this is partly induced by climate warming, but our mechanistic understanding of this effect remains incomplete. Here, we experimentally assess the influence of temperature on two key developmental phases during sexual reproduction, i.e. gametogenesis and fertilisation (seed phase two, SP2) and embryo development (seed phase three, SP3). Along a latitudinal gradient from southern France to central Sweden, we installed a transplant experiment with shrubs originating from Belgium, a region with unusually low juniper seed viability. Seeds of both seed phases were sampled during three consecutive years, and seed viability assessed. Warming temperatures negatively affected the seed viability of both SP2 and SP3 seeds along the latitudinal gradient. Interestingly, the effect on embryo development (SP3) only occurred in the third year, i.e. when the gametogenesis and fertilisation also took place in warmer conditions. We found strong indications that this negative influence mostly acts via disrupting growth of the pollen tube, the development of the female gametophyte and fertilisation (SP2). This, in turn, can lead to failing embryo development, for example, due to nutritional problems. Our results confirm that climate warming can negatively affect seed viability of juniper.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gruwez
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - P De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - K Vander Mijnsbrugge
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
- Agency for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - K Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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27
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De Frenne P, Rodríguez-Sánchez F, De Schrijver A, Coomes DA, Hermy M, Vangansbeke P, Verheyen K. Light accelerates plant responses to warming. Nat Plants 2015; 1:15110. [PMID: 27250675 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Competition for light has profound effects on plant performance in virtually all terrestrial ecosystems. Nowhere is this more evident than in forests, where trees create environmental heterogeneity that shapes the dynamics of forest-floor communities(1-3). Observational evidence suggests that biotic responses to both anthropogenic global warming and nitrogen pollution may be attenuated by the shading effects of trees and shrubs(4-9). Here we show experimentally that tree shade is slowing down changes in below-canopy communities due to warming. We manipulated levels of photosynthetically active radiation, temperature and nitrogen, alone and in combination, in a temperate forest understorey over a 3-year period, and monitored the composition of the understorey community. Light addition, but not nitrogen enrichment, accelerated directional plant community responses to warming, increasing the dominance of warmth-preferring taxa over cold-tolerant plants (a process described as thermophilization(6,10-12)). Tall, competitive plants took greatest advantage of the combination of elevated temperature and light. Warming of the forest floor did not result in strong community thermophilization unless light was also increased. Our findings suggest that the maintenance of locally closed canopy conditions could reduce, at least temporarily, warming-induced changes in forest floor plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter De Frenne
- Forest &Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, Gontrode-Melle BE-9090, Belgium
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio, Sevilla E-41092, Spain
| | - An De Schrijver
- Forest &Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, Gontrode-Melle BE-9090, Belgium
| | - David A Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Martin Hermy
- Department of Earth &Environmental Sciences, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Leuven BE-3001, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest &Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, Gontrode-Melle BE-9090, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest &Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, Gontrode-Melle BE-9090, Belgium
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28
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De Frenne P, Coomes DA, De Schrijver A, Staelens J, Alexander JM, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Brunet J, Chabrerie O, Chiarucci A, den Ouden J, Eckstein RL, Graae BJ, Gruwez R, Hédl R, Hermy M, Kolb A, Mårell A, Mullender SM, Olsen SL, Orczewska A, Peterken G, Petřík P, Plue J, Simonson WD, Tomescu CV, Vangansbeke P, Verstraeten G, Vesterdal L, Wulf M, Verheyen K. Plant movements and climate warming: intraspecific variation in growth responses to nonlocal soils. New Phytol 2014; 202:431-441. [PMID: 24387238 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Most range shift predictions focus on the dispersal phase of the colonization process. Because moving populations experience increasingly dissimilar nonclimatic environmental conditions as they track climate warming, it is also critical to test how individuals originating from contrasting thermal environments can establish in nonlocal sites. We assess the intraspecific variation in growth responses to nonlocal soils by planting a widespread grass of deciduous forests (Milium effusum) into an experimental common garden using combinations of seeds and soil sampled in 22 sites across its distributional range, and reflecting movement scenarios of up to 1600 km. Furthermore, to determine temperature and forest-structural effects, the plants and soils were experimentally warmed and shaded. We found significantly positive effects of the difference between the temperature of the sites of seed and soil collection on growth and seedling emergence rates. Migrant plants might thus encounter increasingly favourable soil conditions while tracking the isotherms towards currently 'colder' soils. These effects persisted under experimental warming. Rising temperatures and light availability generally enhanced plant performance. Our results suggest that abiotic and biotic soil characteristics can shape climate change-driven plant movements by affecting growth of nonlocal migrants, a mechanism which should be integrated into predictions of future range shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - David A Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - An De Schrijver
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Staelens
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Jake M Alexander
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 16, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Olivier Chabrerie
- EDYSAN (FRE 3498 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, FR-80037, Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Alessandro Chiarucci
- BIOCONNET, Biodiversity and Conservation Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, IT-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Jan den Ouden
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, NL-6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R Lutz Eckstein
- Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, DE-35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Bente J Graae
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Robert Gruwez
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Radim Hédl
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, CZ-65720, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hermy
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, BE-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annette Kolb
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, FB2, University of Bremen, Leobener Str., DE-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anders Mårell
- UR EFNO, Irstea, Domaine des Barres, FR-45290, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France
| | - Samantha M Mullender
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Siri L Olsen
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Anna Orczewska
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, ul. Bankowa 9, PL-40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Petr Petřík
- Department of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zámek 1, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Plue
- Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William D Simonson
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Cezar V Tomescu
- Forestry Faculty, Stefan cel Mare University, Str. Universităţii 19, RO-720229, Suceava, Romania
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
- Unit Transition Energy and Environment, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Gorik Verstraeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Lars Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Monika Wulf
- Institute of Land Use Systems, Leibniz-ZALF, Eberswalder Strasse 84, DE-15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
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29
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Gruwez R, De Frenne P, De Schrijver A, Leroux O, Vangansbeke P, Verheyen K. Negative effects of temperature and atmospheric depositions on the seed viability of common juniper (Juniperus communis). Ann Bot 2014; 113:489-500. [PMID: 24284814 PMCID: PMC3906965 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Environmental change is increasingly impacting ecosystems worldwide. However, our knowledge about the interacting effects of various drivers of global change on sexual reproduction of plants, one of their key mechanisms to cope with change, is limited. This study examines populations of poorly regenerating and threatened common juniper (Juniperus communis) to determine the influence of four drivers of global change (rising temperatures, nitrogen deposition, potentially acidifying deposition and altering precipitation patterns) on two key developmental phases during sexual reproduction, gametogenesis and fertilization (seed phase two, SP2) and embryo development (seed phase three, SP3), and on the ripening time of seeds. METHODS In 42 populations throughout the distribution range of common juniper in Europe, 11,943 seeds of two developmental phases were sampled. Seed viability was determined using seed dissection and related to accumulated temperature (expressed as growing degree-days), nitrogen and potentially acidifying deposition (nitrogen plus sulfur), and precipitation data. KEY RESULTS Precipitation had no influence on the viability of the seeds or on the ripening time. Increasing temperatures had a negative impact on the viability of SP2 and SP3 seeds and decreased the ripening time. Potentially acidifying depositions negatively influenced SP3 seed viability, while enhanced nitrogen deposition led to lower ripening times. CONCLUSIONS Higher temperatures and atmospheric deposition affected SP3 seeds more than SP2 seeds. However, this is possibly a delayed effect as juniper seeds develop practically independently, due to the absence of vascular communication with the parent plant from shortly after fertilization. It is proposed that the failure of natural regeneration in many European juniper populations might be attributed to climate warming as well as enhanced atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gruwez
- Forest and Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - P. De Frenne
- Forest and Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - A. De Schrijver
- Forest and Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - O. Leroux
- Pteridology Lab, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P. Vangansbeke
- Forest and Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- Flemish Instute of Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, BE-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - K. Verheyen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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