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Kearsley E, Verbeeck H, Stoffelen P, Janssens SB, Yakusu EK, Kosmala M, De Mil T, Bauters M, Kitima ER, Ndiapo JM, Chuda AL, Richardson AD, Wingate L, Ilondea BA, Beeckman H, van den Bulcke J, Boeckx P, Hufkens K. Historical tree phenology data reveal the seasonal rhythms of the Congo Basin rainforest. Plant Environ Interact 2024; 5:e10136. [PMID: 38476212 PMCID: PMC10926959 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Tropical forest phenology directly affects regional carbon cycles, but the relation between species-specific and whole-canopy phenology remains largely uncharacterized. We present a unique analysis of historical tropical tree phenology collected in the central Congo Basin, before large-scale impacts of human-induced climate change. Ground-based long-term (1937-1956) phenological observations of 140 tropical tree species are recovered, species-specific phenological patterns analyzed and related to historical meteorological records, and scaled to characterize stand-level canopy dynamics. High phenological variability within and across species and in climate-phenology relationships is observed. The onset of leaf phenophases in deciduous species was triggered by drought and light availability for a subset of species and showed a species-specific decoupling in time along a bi-modal seasonality. The majority of the species remain evergreen, although central African forests experience relatively low rainfall. Annually a maximum of 1.5% of the canopy is in leaf senescence or leaf turnover, with overall phenological variability dominated by a few deciduous species, while substantial variability is attributed to asynchronous events of large and/or abundant trees. Our results underscore the importance of accounting for constituent signals in canopy-wide scaling and the interpretation of remotely sensed phenology signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kearsley
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- BlueGreen LabsMelseleBelgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | | | - Steven B. Janssens
- Meise Botanic GardenMeiseBelgium
- Department of Biology, Leuven Plant InstituteKULeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu
- UGent‐Woodlab (Laboratory of Wood Technology), Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
- Faculté de gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelablesUniversité de KisanganiKisanganiDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Margaret Kosmala
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- CIBO TechnologiesCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tom De Mil
- Forest is Life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio‐TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Elasi Ramanzani Kitima
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques‐INERAYangambiDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - José Mbifo Ndiapo
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques‐INERAYangambiDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Adelard Lonema Chuda
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques‐INERAYangambiDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Andrew D. Richardson
- Center for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber SystemsNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | | | - Bhély Angoboy Ilondea
- UGent‐Woodlab (Laboratory of Wood Technology), Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
- Institut National pour l'Étude et la Recherche AgronomiquesKinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
| | - Jan van den Bulcke
- UGent‐Woodlab (Laboratory of Wood Technology), Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Koen Hufkens
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- BlueGreen LabsMelseleBelgium
- INRAE, UMR ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
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2
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Mikryukov V, Dulya O, Zizka A, Bahram M, Hagh-Doust N, Anslan S, Prylutskyi O, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Maestre FT, Nilsson H, Pärn J, Öpik M, Moora M, Zobel M, Espenberg M, Mander Ü, Khalid AN, Corrales A, Agan A, Vasco-Palacios AM, Saitta A, Rinaldi A, Verbeken A, Sulistyo B, Tamgnoue B, Furneaux B, Duarte Ritter C, Nyamukondiwa C, Sharp C, Marín C, Gohar D, Klavina D, Sharmah D, Dai DQ, Nouhra E, Biersma EM, Rähn E, Cameron E, De Crop E, Otsing E, Davydov E, Albornoz F, Brearley F, Buegger F, Zahn G, Bonito G, Hiiesalu I, Barrio I, Heilmann-Clausen J, Ankuda J, Doležal J, Kupagme J, Maciá-Vicente J, Djeugap Fovo J, Geml J, Alatalo J, Alvarez-Manjarrez J, Põldmaa K, Runnel K, Adamson K, Bråthen KA, Pritsch K, Tchan Issifou K, Armolaitis K, Hyde K, Newsham KK, Panksep K, Lateef AA, Hansson L, Lamit L, Saba M, Tuomi M, Gryzenhout M, Bauters M, Piepenbring M, Wijayawardene NN, Yorou N, Kurina O, Mortimer P, Meidl P, Kohout P, Puusepp R, Drenkhan R, Garibay-Orijel R, Godoy R, Alkahtani S, Rahimlou S, Dudov S, Põlme S, Ghosh S, Mundra S, Ahmed T, Netherway T, Henkel T, Roslin T, Nteziryayo V, Fedosov V, Onipchenko V, Yasanthika WAE, Lim Y, Van Nuland M, Soudzilovskaia N, Antonelli A, Kõljalg U, Abarenkov K, Tedersoo L. Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadj8016. [PMID: 38019923 PMCID: PMC10686567 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mikryukov
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Olesya Dulya
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Alexander Zizka
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Niloufar Hagh-Doust
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Sten Anslan
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Oleh Prylutskyi
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, School of Biology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistemico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio ‘Ramón Margalef’ and Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
| | - Henrik Nilsson
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Jaan Pärn
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Ülo Mander
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | | | - Adriana Corrales
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Ahto Agan
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Aída-M. Vasco-Palacios
- Grupo de BioMicro y Microbiología Ambiental, Escuela de Microbiologia, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Alessandro Saitta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09124, Italy
| | | | - Bobby Sulistyo
- Department Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Boris Tamgnoue
- Department of Crop Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Brendan Furneaux
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | | | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye 10071, Botswana
| | - Cathy Sharp
- Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - César Marín
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad SantoTomás, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniyal Gohar
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Darta Klavina
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Salaspils 2169, Latvia
| | - Dipon Sharmah
- Department of Botany, Jawaharlal Nehru Rajkeeya Mahavidyalaya, Pondicherry University, Port Blair 744101, India
| | - Dong-Qin Dai
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China
| | - Eduardo Nouhra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Elisabeth Machteld Biersma
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen 1123, Denmark
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Elisabeth Rähn
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Erin Cameron
- Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary's University, Halifax B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Eske De Crop
- Department Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Eveli Otsing
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | | | - Felipe Albornoz
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Wembley 6014, Australia
| | - Francis Brearley
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Franz Buegger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Geoffrey Zahn
- Biology Department, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84058, USA
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-6254, USA
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Isabel Barrio
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík 112, Iceland
| | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Jelena Ankuda
- Vokė branch, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC), Vilnius LT-02232, Lithuania
| | - Jiri Doležal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - John Kupagme
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Jose Maciá-Vicente
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708, Netherlands
| | | | - József Geml
- ELKH-EKKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research Group, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eger 3300, Hungary
| | - Juha Alatalo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Kadri Põldmaa
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Kadri Runnel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Kalev Adamson
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Kari-Anne Bråthen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Kassim Tchan Issifou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, University of Parakou, Parakou 00229, Benin
| | - Kęstutis Armolaitis
- Department of Silviculture and Ecology, Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC), Girionys 53101, Lithuania
| | - Kevin Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin K. Newsham
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Kristel Panksep
- Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Adebola Azeez Lateef
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240102, Nigeria
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Linda Hansson
- Gothenburg Centre for Sustainable Development, Gothenburg 41133, Sweden
| | - Louis Lamit
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse 13244, USA
| | - Malka Saba
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maria Tuomi
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway
| | - Marieka Gryzenhout
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Meike Piepenbring
- Mycology Working Group, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Nalin N. Wijayawardene
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Nourou Yorou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, University of Parakou, Parakou 00229, Benin
| | - Olavi Kurina
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Peter Mortimer
- Center For Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Peter Meidl
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rasmus Puusepp
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Roberto Garibay-Orijel
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Godoy
- Instituto Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Rahimlou
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Sergey Dudov
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Sergei Põlme
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Sunil Mundra
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, UAE
| | - Talaat Ahmed
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tarquin Netherway
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Terry Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Arcata, CA 95521, USA
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Vincent Nteziryayo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Burundi, Bujumbura Burundi
| | - Vladimir Fedosov
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Vladimir Onipchenko
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | | | - Young Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Michael Van Nuland
- Society for the Protection of Underground Networks (SPUN), Dover, DE 19901, USA
| | | | | | - Urmas Kõljalg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Kessy Abarenkov
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Goll DS, Bauters M, Zhang H, Ciais P, Balkanski Y, Wang R, Verbeeck H. Atmospheric phosphorus deposition amplifies carbon sinks in simulations of a tropical forest in Central Africa. New Phytol 2023; 237:2054-2068. [PMID: 36226674 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spatial redistribution of nutrients by atmospheric transport and deposition could theoretically act as a continental-scale mechanism which counteracts declines in soil fertility caused by nutrient lock-up in accumulating biomass in tropical forests in Central Africa. However, to what extent it affects carbon sinks in forests remains elusive. Here we use a terrestrial biosphere model to quantify the impact of changes in atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition on plant nutrition and biomass carbon sink at a typical lowland forest site in Central Africa. We find that the increase in nutrient deposition since the 1980s could have contributed to the carbon sink over the past four decades up to an extent which is similar to that from the combined effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and climate change. Furthermore, we find that the modelled carbon sink responds to changes in phosphorus deposition, but less so to nitrogen deposition. The pronounced response of ecosystem productivity to changes in nutrient deposition illustrates a potential mechanism that could control carbon sinks in Central Africa. Monitoring the quantity and quality of nutrient deposition is needed in this region, given the changes in nutrient deposition due to human land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CNRS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Environment, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Haicheng Zhang
- Department Geoscience, Environment & Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 1050, Belgium
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CNRS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Yves Balkanski
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CNRS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Center for Urban Eco-Planning & Design, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Big Data Institute for Carbon Emission and Environmental Pollution, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Department of Environment, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Bukombe B, Bauters M, Boeckx P, Cizungu LN, Cooper M, Fiener P, Kidinda LK, Makelele I, Muhindo DI, Rewald B, Verheyen K, Doetterl S. Soil geochemistry - and not topography - as a major driver of carbon allocation, stocks, and dynamics in forests and soils of African tropical montane ecosystems. New Phytol 2022; 236:1676-1690. [PMID: 36089827 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The lack of field-based data in the tropics limits our mechanistic understanding of the drivers of net primary productivity (NPP) and allocation. Specifically, the role of local edaphic factors - such as soil parent material and topography controlling soil fertility as well as water and nutrient fluxes - remains unclear and introduces substantial uncertainty in understanding net ecosystem productivity and carbon (C) stocks. Using a combination of vegetation growth monitoring and soil geochemical properties, we found that soil fertility parameters reflecting the local parent material are the main drivers of NPP and C allocation patterns in tropical montane forests, resulting in significant differences in below- to aboveground biomass components across geochemical (soil) regions. Topography did not constrain the variability in C allocation and NPP. Soil organic C stocks showed no relation to C input in tropical forests. Instead, plant C input seemingly exceeded the maximum potential of these soils to stabilize C. We conclude that, even after many millennia of weathering and the presence of deeply developed soils, above- and belowground C allocation in tropical forests, as well as soil C stocks, vary substantially due to the geochemical properties that soils inherit from parent material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bukombe
- Institute of Geography, Augsburg University, Augsburg, 86159, Germany
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Landry Ntaboba Cizungu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bugabo 02, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Matthew Cooper
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Peter Fiener
- Institute of Geography, Augsburg University, Augsburg, 86159, Germany
| | - Laurent Kidinda Kidinda
- Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, 01737, Germany
| | - Isaac Makelele
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Iragi Muhindo
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bugabo 02, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Doetterl
- Institute of Geography, Augsburg University, Augsburg, 86159, Germany
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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5
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Tedersoo L, Mikryukov V, Zizka A, Bahram M, Hagh‐Doust N, Anslan S, Prylutskyi O, Delgado‐Baquerizo M, Maestre FT, Pärn J, Öpik M, Moora M, Zobel M, Espenberg M, Mander Ü, Khalid AN, Corrales A, Agan A, Vasco‐Palacios A, Saitta A, Rinaldi AC, Verbeken A, Sulistyo BP, Tamgnoue B, Furneaux B, Ritter CD, Nyamukondiwa C, Sharp C, Marín C, Gohar D, Klavina D, Sharmah D, Dai DQ, Nouhra E, Biersma EM, Rähn E, Cameron E, De Crop E, Otsing E, Davydov EA, Albornoz F, Brearley FQ, Buegger F, Zahn G, Bonito G, Hiiesalu I, Barrio IC, Heilmann‐Clausen J, Ankuda J, Kupagme JY, Maciá‐Vicente JG, Fovo JD, Geml J, Alatalo JM, Alvarez‐Manjarrez J, Põldmaa K, Runnel K, Adamson K, Bråthen KA, Pritsch K, Tchan KI, Armolaitis K, Hyde KD, Newsham K, Panksep K, Lateef AA, Tiirmann L, Hansson L, Lamit LJ, Saba M, Tuomi M, Gryzenhout M, Bauters M, Piepenbring M, Wijayawardene N, Yorou NS, Kurina O, Mortimer PE, Meidl P, Kohout P, Nilsson RH, Puusepp R, Drenkhan R, Garibay‐Orijel R, Godoy R, Alkahtani S, Rahimlou S, Dudov SV, Põlme S, Ghosh S, Mundra S, Ahmed T, Netherway T, Henkel TW, Roslin T, Nteziryayo V, Fedosov VE, Onipchenko V, Yasanthika WAE, Lim YW, Soudzilovskaia NA, Antonelli A, Kõljalg U, Abarenkov K. Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:6696-6710. [PMID: 36056462 PMCID: PMC9826061 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are highly diverse organisms, which provide multiple ecosystem services. However, compared with charismatic animals and plants, the distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been little explored. Here, we examined endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. We found that the endemicity of all fungi and most functional groups peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka, and New Caledonia, with a negligible island effect compared with plants and animals. We also found that fungi are predominantly vulnerable to drought, heat and land-cover change, particularly in dry tropical regions with high human population density. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include herbaceous wetlands, tropical forests, and woodlands. We stress that more attention should be focused on the conservation of fungi, especially root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical regions as well as unicellular early-diverging groups and macrofungi in general. Given the low overlap between the endemicity of fungi and macroorganisms, but high conservation needs in both groups, detailed analyses on distribution and conservation requirements are warranted for other microorganisms and soil organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | | | | | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Sten Anslan
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Oleh Prylutskyi
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, School of BiologyV.N. Karazin Kharkiv National UniversityKharkivUkraine
| | - Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, and Unidad Asociada CSIC‐UPO (BioFun)Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevillaSpain
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Departamento de Ecología, Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio ‘Ramón Margalef’Universidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | - Jaan Pärn
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Ülo Mander
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | | | - Adriana Corrales
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología‐UR (CIMBIUR)Universidad del RosarioBogotáColombia
| | - Ahto Agan
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Aída‐M. Vasco‐Palacios
- BioMicro, Escuela de MicrobiologíaUniversidad de Antioquia UdeAMedellinAntioquiaColombia
| | - Alessandro Saitta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Andrea C. Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | | | - Bobby P. Sulistyo
- Department of BiomedicineIndonesia International Institute for Life SciencesJakartaIndonesia
| | - Boris Tamgnoue
- Department of Crop ScienceUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon
| | - Brendan Furneaux
- Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and BiotechnologyBotswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapyeBotswana
| | - Cathy Sharp
- Natural History Museum of ZimbabweBulawayoZimbabwe
| | - César Marín
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC)Universidad SantoTomásSantiagoChile
| | - Daniyal Gohar
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Darta Klavina
- Latvian State Forest Research Insitute SilavaSalaspilsLatvia
| | - Dipon Sharmah
- Department of Botany, Jawaharlal Nehru Rajkeeya MahavidyalayaPondicherry UniversityPort BlairIndia
| | - Dong Qin Dai
- College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujingChina
| | - Eduardo Nouhra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET)Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCordobaArgentina
| | | | - Elisabeth Rähn
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Erin K. Cameron
- Department of Environmental ScienceSaint Mary's UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | | | - Eveli Otsing
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | | | | | - Francis Q. Brearley
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | | | | | - Gregory Bonito
- Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Isabel C. Barrio
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental SciencesAgricultural University of IcelandHvanneyriIceland
| | | | - Jelena Ankuda
- Department of Silviculture and EcologyInstitute of Forestry of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC)GirionysLithuania
| | - John Y. Kupagme
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Jose G. Maciá‐Vicente
- Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - József Geml
- ELKH‐EKKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research GroupEszterházy Károly Catholic UniversityEgerHungary
| | | | | | - Kadri Põldmaa
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Kadri Runnel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Kalev Adamson
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Kari Anne Bråthen
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyThe Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | | | - Kassim I. Tchan
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants‐Soil Fungi InteractionsUniversity of ParakouParakouBenin
| | - Kęstutis Armolaitis
- Department of Silviculture and EcologyInstitute of Forestry of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC)GirionysLithuania
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal ResearchMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
| | | | - Kristel Panksep
- Chair of Hydrobiology and FisheryEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | | | - Liis Tiirmann
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Linda Hansson
- Gothenburg Centre for Sustainable DevelopmentGothenburgSweden
| | - Louis J. Lamit
- Department of BiologySyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
- Department of Environmental and Forest BiologyState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Malka Saba
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Maria Tuomi
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyThe Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Marieka Gryzenhout
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | | | - Meike Piepenbring
- Mycology Working GroupGoethe University Frankfurt am MainFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Nalin Wijayawardene
- College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujingChina
| | - Nourou S. Yorou
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants‐Soil Fungi InteractionsUniversity of ParakouParakouBenin
| | - Olavi Kurina
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Peter E. Mortimer
- Center For Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Peter Meidl
- Institut für BiologieFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of MicrobiologyCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Rolf Henrik Nilsson
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Rasmus Puusepp
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | | | - Roberto Godoy
- Instituto Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Rahimlou
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Sergey V. Dudov
- Department of Ecology and Plant GeographyMoscow Lomonosov State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Sergei Põlme
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Sunil Mundra
- Department of Biology, College of ScienceUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAbu DhabiUAE
| | - Talaat Ahmed
- Environmental Science CenterQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Tarquin Netherway
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Terry W. Henkel
- Department of Biological SciencesCalifornia State Polytechnic UniversityArcataCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Vincent Nteziryayo
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of BurundiBujumburaBurundi
| | - Vladimir E. Fedosov
- Department of Ecology and Plant GeographyMoscow Lomonosov State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | | | | | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of MicrobiologySeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | | | | | - Urmas Kõljalg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
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6
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Liang J, Gamarra JGP, Picard N, Zhou M, Pijanowski B, Jacobs DF, Reich PB, Crowther TW, Nabuurs GJ, de-Miguel S, Fang J, Woodall CW, Svenning JC, Jucker T, Bastin JF, Wiser SK, Slik F, Hérault B, Alberti G, Keppel G, Hengeveld GM, Ibisch PL, Silva CA, Ter Steege H, Peri PL, Coomes DA, Searle EB, von Gadow K, Jaroszewicz B, Abbasi AO, Abegg M, Yao YCA, Aguirre-Gutiérrez J, Zambrano AMA, Altman J, Alvarez-Dávila E, Álvarez-González JG, Alves LF, Amani BHK, Amani CA, Ammer C, Ilondea BA, Antón-Fernández C, Avitabile V, Aymard GA, Azihou AF, Baard JA, Baker TR, Balazy R, Bastian ML, Batumike R, Bauters M, Beeckman H, Benu NMH, Bitariho R, Boeckx P, Bogaert J, Bongers F, Bouriaud O, Brancalion PHS, Brandl S, Brearley FQ, Briseno-Reyes J, Broadbent EN, Bruelheide H, Bulte E, Catlin AC, Cazzolla Gatti R, César RG, Chen HYH, Chisholm C, Cienciala E, Colletta GD, Corral-Rivas JJ, Cuchietti A, Cuni-Sanchez A, Dar JA, Dayanandan S, de Haulleville T, Decuyper M, Delabye S, Derroire G, DeVries B, Diisi J, Do TV, Dolezal J, Dourdain A, Durrheim GP, Obiang NLE, Ewango CEN, Eyre TJ, Fayle TM, Feunang LFN, Finér L, Fischer M, Fridman J, Frizzera L, de Gasper AL, Gianelle D, Glick HB, Gonzalez-Elizondo MS, Gorenstein L, Habonayo R, Hardy OJ, Harris DJ, Hector A, Hemp A, Herold M, Hillers A, Hubau W, Ibanez T, Imai N, Imani G, Jagodzinski AM, Janecek S, Johannsen VK, Joly CA, Jumbam B, Kabelong BLPR, Kahsay GA, Karminov V, Kartawinata K, Kassi JN, Kearsley E, Kennard DK, Kepfer-Rojas S, Khan ML, Kigomo JN, Kim HS, Klauberg C, Klomberg Y, Korjus H, Kothandaraman S, Kraxner F, Kumar A, Kuswandi R, Lang M, Lawes MJ, Leite RV, Lentner G, Lewis SL, Libalah MB, Lisingo J, López-Serrano PM, Lu H, Lukina NV, Lykke AM, Maicher V, Maitner BS, Marcon E, Marshall AR, Martin EH, Martynenko O, Mbayu FM, Mbuvi MTE, Meave JA, Merow C, Miscicki S, Moreno VS, Morera A, Mukul SA, Müller JC, Murdjoko A, Nava-Miranda MG, Ndive LE, Neldner VJ, Nevenic RV, Nforbelie LN, Ngoh ML, N'Guessan AE, Ngugi MR, Ngute ASK, Njila ENN, Nyako MC, Ochuodho TO, Oleksyn J, Paquette A, Parfenova EI, Park M, Parren M, Parthasarathy N, Pfautsch S, Phillips OL, Piedade MTF, Piotto D, Pollastrini M, Poorter L, Poulsen JR, Poulsen AD, Pretzsch H, Rodeghiero M, Rolim SG, Rovero F, Rutishauser E, Sagheb-Talebi K, Saikia P, Sainge MN, Salas-Eljatib C, Salis A, Schall P, Schepaschenko D, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Schöngart J, Šebeň V, Sellan G, Selvi F, Serra-Diaz JM, Sheil D, Shvidenko AZ, Sist P, Souza AF, Stereńczak KJ, Sullivan MJP, Sundarapandian S, Svoboda M, Swaine MD, Targhetta N, Tchebakova N, Trethowan LA, Tropek R, Mukendi JT, Umunay PM, Usoltsev VA, Vaglio Laurin G, Valentini R, Valladares F, van der Plas F, Vega-Nieva DJ, Verbeeck H, Viana H, Vibrans AC, Vieira SA, Vleminckx J, Waite CE, Wang HF, Wasingya EK, Wekesa C, Westerlund B, Wittmann F, Wortel V, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T, Zhang C, Zhao X, Zhu J, Zhu X, Zhu ZX, Zo-Bi IC, Hui C. Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1423-1437. [PMID: 35941205 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liang
- Forest Advanced Computing and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (FACAI), Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Javier G P Gamarra
- Forestry Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mo Zhou
- Forest Advanced Computing and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (FACAI), Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bryan Pijanowski
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Douglass F Jacobs
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Crowther Lab, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gert-Jan Nabuurs
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sergio de-Miguel
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC-Agrotecnio-CERCA, Solsona, Spain
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Evironmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jean-Francois Bastin
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Susan K Wiser
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Ferry Slik
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Bruno Hérault
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- INP-HB (Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouet-Boigny), University of Montpellier, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
| | - Giorgio Alberti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Institute of Bioeconomy, CNR, Sesto, Italy
| | - Gunnar Keppel
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Geerten M Hengeveld
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Wageningen University & Research, Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Pierre L Ibisch
- Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Carlos A Silva
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Pablo L Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - David A Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric B Searle
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Klaus von Gadow
- University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Akane O Abbasi
- Forest Advanced Computing and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (FACAI), Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Meinrad Abegg
- Swiss National Forest Inventory/Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Yves C Adou Yao
- UFR Biosciences, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Trebon, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Esteban Alvarez-Dávila
- Escuela ECAPMA, National Open University and Distance (Colombia) | UNAD, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Luciana F Alves
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Christian A Amani
- Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bhely Angoboy Ilondea
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Clara Antón-Fernández
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Forestry and Forest Resources, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Akomian F Azihou
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Johan A Baard
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Knysna, South Africa
| | | | - Radomir Balazy
- Department of Geomatics, Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Meredith L Bastian
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rodrigue Batumike
- Department of Environment, Universtité du Cinquantenaire de Lwiro, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | | | - Robert Bitariho
- Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Bogaert
- Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Olivier Bouriaud
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control (MANSiD), University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forestry Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Francis Q Brearley
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Jaime Briseno-Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Eben N Broadbent
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erwin Bulte
- Development Economics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ann Christine Catlin
- Rosen Center for Advanced Computing (RCAC), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ricardo G César
- Department of Forestry Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chelsea Chisholm
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emil Cienciala
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jilove u Prahy, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute of the CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel D Colletta
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas CEP, Biologia, Brazil
| | | | - Anibal Cuchietti
- Dirección Nacional de Bosques (DNB), Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible (MAyDS), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aida Cuni-Sanchez
- Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Javid A Dar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Guntur, India
- Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Selvadurai Dayanandan
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics & Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thales de Haulleville
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Decuyper
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sylvain Delabye
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Ben DeVries
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Diisi
- National Forest Authority, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tran Van Do
- Department of Silviculture Foundation, Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Trebon, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Bohemia, Czech Republic
| | - Aurélie Dourdain
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Graham P Durrheim
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Knysna, South Africa
| | | | - Corneille E N Ewango
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Teresa J Eyre
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tom M Fayle
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Leena Finér
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Fridman
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Frizzera
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - André L de Gasper
- Herbário Dr. Roberto Miguel Klein, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - Damiano Gianelle
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | | | - Lev Gorenstein
- Rosen Center for Advanced Computing (RCAC), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Richard Habonayo
- Département des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Université du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Faculté des Sciences, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Andrew Hector
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Hemp
- Department of Plant Systematics, Bayreuth University, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Martin Herold
- Helmholtz GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 1.4 Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annika Hillers
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Liberia Representation, Monrovia, Liberia
- Centre for Conservation Science, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, UK
| | - Wannes Hubau
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Department of Environment, Laboratory for Wood Technology (UGent-Woodlab), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Ibanez
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nobuo Imai
- Department of Forest Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gerard Imani
- Biology Department, Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Andrzej M Jagodzinski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznan, Poland
| | - Stepan Janecek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vivian Kvist Johannsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos A Joly
- Plant Biology Department, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Blaise Jumbam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Nkolbisson, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Banoho L P R Kabelong
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Goytom Abraha Kahsay
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Viktor Karminov
- Forestry Faculty, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, Russia
| | | | - Justin N Kassi
- Labo Botanique, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Deborah K Kennard
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA
| | - Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammed Latif Khan
- Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - John N Kigomo
- Kenya Forestry Research Institute, Department of Forest Resource Assessment, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Carine Klauberg
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yannick Klomberg
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Henn Korjus
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Subashree Kothandaraman
- Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Florian Kraxner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Geoinformatics, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Relawan Kuswandi
- Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Manokwari, Indonesia
| | - Mait Lang
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tõravere, Estonia
| | - Michael J Lawes
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Rodrigo V Leite
- Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Geoffrey Lentner
- Rosen Center for Advanced Computing (RCAC), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Moses B Libalah
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory (LaBosystE), Higher Teacher's Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Janvier Lisingo
- Laboratoire d'Écologie et Aménagement Forestier, Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion des Ressources Végétales, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Huicui Lu
- Faculty of Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Natalia V Lukina
- Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity RAS (CEPF RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vincent Maicher
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian S Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eric Marcon
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
- AgroParisTech, UMR AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew R Marshall
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- University of York, York, UK
- Flamingo Land Ltd., North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Emanuel H Martin
- Department of Wildlife Management, College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka, Tanzania
| | - Olga Martynenko
- Forestry Faculty, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, Russia
| | - Faustin M Mbayu
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cory Merow
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Stanislaw Miscicki
- Department of Forest Management and Forest Economics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vanessa S Moreno
- Department of Forestry Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Albert Morera
- Joint Research Unit CTFC-Agrotecnio-CERCA, Solsona, Spain
| | - Sharif A Mukul
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jörg C Müller
- Fieldstation Fabrikschleichach, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Bavarian Forest Nationalpark, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Agustinus Murdjoko
- Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Papua, Jalan Gunung Salju Amban, Manokwari Papua Barat, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Victor J Neldner
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Louis N Nforbelie
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Michael L Ngoh
- Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG), Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Anny E N'Guessan
- UFR Biosciences, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Michael R Ngugi
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alain S K Ngute
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
- Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Emile Narcisse N Njila
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Melanie C Nyako
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Thomas O Ochuodho
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Alain Paquette
- UQAM, Centre for Forest Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena I Parfenova
- V.N. Sukachev Forest Institute of FRC KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Minjee Park
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Marc Parren
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Sebastian Pfautsch
- Urban Management and Planning, School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Maria T F Piedade
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Grupo Ecologia. Monitoramento e Uso Sustentável de Áreas Úmidas MAUA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Daniel Piotto
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - John R Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Hans Pretzsch
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, Munich, Germany
| | - Mirco Rodeghiero
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Centro Agricoltura, Alimenti, Ambiente, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Samir G Rolim
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Khosro Sagheb-Talebi
- Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (RIFR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Purabi Saikia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Moses Nsanyi Sainge
- Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG), Buea, Cameroon
- Institute of International Education Scholar Rescue Fund (IIE-SRF), One World Trade Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Salas-Eljatib
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonello Salis
- Forestry Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Schepaschenko
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- V.N. Sukachev Forest Institute of FRC KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Рeoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Bernhard Schmid
- Institution with City, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Schöngart
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Grupo Ecologia. Monitoramento e Uso Sustentável de Áreas Úmidas MAUA, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Giacomo Sellan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- CNRS-UMR LEEISA, Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Douglas Sheil
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Situ Gede, Bogor Barat, Indonesia
| | | | - Plinio Sist
- Cirad, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre F Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Ecologia, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Martin J P Sullivan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Somaiah Sundarapandian
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Mike D Swaine
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Natalia Targhetta
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Grupo Ecologia. Monitoramento e Uso Sustentável de Áreas Úmidas MAUA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nadja Tchebakova
- V.N. Sukachev Forest Institute of FRC KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | | | - Robert Tropek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - John Tshibamba Mukendi
- Faculté des Sciences Appliquées, Université de Mbujimayi, Mbujimayi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Vladimir A Usoltsev
- Ural State Forest Engineering University, Botanical Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Daniel José Vega-Nieva
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helder Viana
- Agricultural High School, ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, IPV, Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexander C Vibrans
- Department of Forest Engineering, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - Simone A Vieira
- Nucleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas (UNICAMP), SP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jason Vleminckx
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Catherine E Waite
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hua-Feng Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Eric Katembo Wasingya
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Chemuku Wekesa
- Kenya Forestry Research Institute, Taita Taveta Research Centre, Wundanyi, Kenya
| | - Bertil Westerlund
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden
| | - Florian Wittmann
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Institute for Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Rastatt, Germany
| | - Verginia Wortel
- Department of Forest Management, Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | | | - Chunyu Zhang
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhai Zhao
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Rosen Center for Advanced Computing (RCAC), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhi-Xin Zhu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Irie C Zo-Bi
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, DFR Eaux, Forêts et Environnement, BP, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa.
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Muizenberg, South Africa.
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7
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Báez S, Cayuela L, Macía MJ, Álvarez-Dávila E, Apaza-Quevedo A, Arnelas I, Baca-Cortes N, Bañares de Dios G, Bauters M, Ben Saadi C, Blundo C, Cabrera M, Castaño F, Cayola L, de Aledo JG, Espinosa CI, Fadrique B, Farfán-Rios W, Fuentes A, Garnica-Díaz C, González M, González D, Hensen I, Hurtado AB, Jadán O, Lippok D, Loza MI, Maldonado C, Malizia L, Matas-Granados L, Myers JA, Norden N, Oliveras Menor I, Pierick K, Ramírez-Angulo H, Salgado-Negret B, Schleuning M, Silman M, Solarte-Cruz ME, Tello JS, Verbeeck H, Vilanova E, Weithmann G, Homeier J. FunAndes – A functional trait database of Andean plants. Sci Data 2022; 9:511. [PMID: 35987763 PMCID: PMC9392769 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce the FunAndes database, a compilation of functional trait data for the Andean flora spanning six countries. FunAndes contains data on 24 traits across 2,694 taxa, for a total of 105,466 entries. The database features plant-morphological attributes including growth form, and leaf, stem, and wood traits measured at the species or individual level, together with geographic metadata (i.e., coordinates and elevation). FunAndes follows the field names, trait descriptions and units of measurement of the TRY database. It is currently available in open access in the FIGSHARE data repository, and will be part of TRY’s next release. Open access trait data from Andean plants will contribute to ecological research in the region, the most species rich terrestrial biodiversity hotspot. Measurement(s) | Bark thickness • Leaf area • Leaf aluminium (Al) content per leaf dry mass • Specific leaf area • Leaf calcium (Ca) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf carbon (C) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf carbon (C) isotope signature (delta 13 C) • Leaf compoundness • Leaf dry mass per leaf fresh mass (leaf dry matter content, LDMC) • Leaf magnesium (Mg) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf nitrogen (N) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf nitrogen (N) isotope signature (delta 15 N) • Leaf phosphorus (P) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf potassium (K) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf texture (sclerophylly, physical strength, toughness) • leaf thickness • Plant growth form • Stem conduit cross-sectional area (vessels and tracheids) • Stem conduit density (vessels and tracheids) • Sapwood specific conductivity | Technology Type(s) | bark gauge • Scanner Device • inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy • Calculated from area and mass • CN analyzer • Isotope analyzer • in vivo visual assessment • Ratio of fresh to dry mass • punch tester • micrometer • optical analysis of cross sections with specific software • weight and volume measurement • estimated with equations from wood anatomy | Factor Type(s) | Country • Lat • Long • Elevation • Collection_year | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Tracheophyta | Sample Characteristic - Environment | Andean ecosystems • cloud forest • tropical upper montane forest • tropical lower montane forest • Paramo • Andes | Sample Characteristic - Location | South America • Venezuela • Colombia • Ecuador • Peru • Bolivia • Argentina |
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8
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Harris E, Yu L, Wang YP, Mohn J, Henne S, Bai E, Barthel M, Bauters M, Boeckx P, Dorich C, Farrell M, Krummel PB, Loh ZM, Reichstein M, Six J, Steinbacher M, Wells NS, Bahn M, Rayner P. Warming and redistribution of nitrogen inputs drive an increase in terrestrial nitrous oxide emission factor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4310. [PMID: 35879348 PMCID: PMC9314393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic nitrogen inputs cause major negative environmental impacts, including emissions of the important greenhouse gas N2O. Despite their importance, shifts in terrestrial N loss pathways driven by global change are highly uncertain. Here we present a coupled soil-atmosphere isotope model (IsoTONE) to quantify terrestrial N losses and N2O emission factors from 1850-2020. We find that N inputs from atmospheric deposition caused 51% of anthropogenic N2O emissions from soils in 2020. The mean effective global emission factor for N2O was 4.3 ± 0.3% in 2020 (weighted by N inputs), much higher than the surface area-weighted mean (1.1 ± 0.1%). Climate change and spatial redistribution of fertilisation N inputs have driven an increase in global emission factor over the past century, which accounts for 18% of the anthropogenic soil flux in 2020. Predicted increases in fertilisation in emerging economies will accelerate N2O-driven climate warming in coming decades, unless targeted mitigation measures are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Harris
- Swiss Data Science Centre, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Functional Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - L Yu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Y-P Wang
- Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, VIC, 3195, Australia
| | - J Mohn
- Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - S Henne
- Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - E Bai
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - M Barthel
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Dorich
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, CO, USA
| | - M Farrell
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - P B Krummel
- Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, VIC, 3195, Australia
| | - Z M Loh
- Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, VIC, 3195, Australia
| | - M Reichstein
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - J Six
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Steinbacher
- Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - N S Wells
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Department of Soil and Physical Sciences, Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - M Bahn
- Functional Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Rayner
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Climate Futures Climate and Energy College, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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Okello J, Bauters M, Verbeeck H, Kasenene J, Boeckx P. Aboveground carbon stocks, woody and litter productivity along an elevational gradient in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Okello
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- CAVElab‐ Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Mountains of the Moon University Fort Portal Uganda
- National Agricultural Research Organisation Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute Mbarara Uganda
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- CAVElab‐ Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab‐ Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - John Kasenene
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Mountains of the Moon University Fort Portal Uganda
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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Lembrechts JJ, van den Hoogen J, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, De Frenne P, Kemppinen J, Kopecký M, Luoto M, Maclean IMD, Crowther TW, Bailey JJ, Haesen S, Klinges DH, Niittynen P, Scheffers BR, Van Meerbeek K, Aartsma P, Abdalaze O, Abedi M, Aerts R, Ahmadian N, Ahrends A, Alatalo JM, Alexander JM, Allonsius CN, Altman J, Ammann C, Andres C, Andrews C, Ardö J, Arriga N, Arzac A, Aschero V, Assis RL, Assmann JJ, Bader MY, Bahalkeh K, Barančok P, Barrio IC, Barros A, Barthel M, Basham EW, Bauters M, Bazzichetto M, Marchesini LB, Bell MC, Benavides JC, Benito Alonso JL, Berauer BJ, Bjerke JW, Björk RG, Björkman MP, Björnsdóttir K, Blonder B, Boeckx P, Boike J, Bokhorst S, Brum BNS, Brůna J, Buchmann N, Buysse P, Camargo JL, Campoe OC, Candan O, Canessa R, Cannone N, Carbognani M, Carnicer J, Casanova‐Katny A, Cesarz S, Chojnicki B, Choler P, Chown SL, Cifuentes EF, Čiliak M, Contador T, Convey P, Cooper EJ, Cremonese E, Curasi SR, Curtis R, Cutini M, Dahlberg CJ, Daskalova GN, de Pablo MA, Della Chiesa S, Dengler J, Deronde B, Descombes P, Di Cecco V, Di Musciano M, Dick J, Dimarco RD, Dolezal J, Dorrepaal E, Dušek J, Eisenhauer N, Eklundh L, Erickson TE, Erschbamer B, Eugster W, Ewers RM, Exton DA, Fanin N, Fazlioglu F, Feigenwinter I, Fenu G, Ferlian O, Fernández Calzado MR, Fernández‐Pascual E, Finckh M, Higgens RF, Forte TGW, Freeman EC, Frei ER, Fuentes‐Lillo E, García RA, García MB, Géron C, Gharun M, Ghosn D, Gigauri K, Gobin A, Goded I, Goeckede M, Gottschall F, Goulding K, Govaert S, Graae BJ, Greenwood S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Guénard B, Guglielmin M, Guillemot J, Haase P, Haider S, Halbritter AH, Hamid M, Hammerle A, Hampe A, Haugum SV, Hederová L, Heinesch B, Helfter C, Hepenstrick D, Herberich M, Herbst M, Hermanutz L, Hik DS, Hoffrén R, Homeier J, Hörtnagl L, Høye TT, Hrbacek F, Hylander K, Iwata H, Jackowicz‐Korczynski MA, Jactel H, Järveoja J, Jastrzębowski S, Jentsch A, Jiménez JJ, Jónsdóttir IS, Jucker T, Jump AS, Juszczak R, Kanka R, Kašpar V, Kazakis G, Kelly J, Khuroo AA, Klemedtsson L, Klisz M, Kljun N, Knohl A, Kobler J, Kollár J, Kotowska MM, Kovács B, Kreyling J, Lamprecht A, Lang SI, Larson C, Larson K, Laska K, le Maire G, Leihy RI, Lens L, Liljebladh B, Lohila A, Lorite J, Loubet B, Lynn J, Macek M, Mackenzie R, Magliulo E, Maier R, Malfasi F, Máliš F, Man M, Manca G, Manco A, Manise T, Manolaki P, Marciniak F, Matula R, Mazzolari AC, Medinets S, Medinets V, Meeussen C, Merinero S, Mesquita RDCG, Meusburger K, Meysman FJR, Michaletz ST, Milbau A, Moiseev D, Moiseev P, Mondoni A, Monfries R, Montagnani L, Moriana‐Armendariz M, Morra di Cella U, Mörsdorf M, Mosedale JR, Muffler L, Muñoz‐Rojas M, Myers JA, Myers‐Smith IH, Nagy L, Nardino M, Naujokaitis‐Lewis I, Newling E, Nicklas L, Niedrist G, Niessner A, Nilsson MB, Normand S, Nosetto MD, Nouvellon Y, Nuñez MA, Ogaya R, Ogée J, Okello J, Olejnik J, Olesen JE, Opedal ØH, Orsenigo S, Palaj A, Pampuch T, Panov AV, Pärtel M, Pastor A, Pauchard A, Pauli H, Pavelka M, Pearse WD, Peichl M, Pellissier L, Penczykowski RM, Penuelas J, Petit Bon M, Petraglia A, Phartyal SS, Phoenix GK, Pio C, Pitacco A, Pitteloud C, Plichta R, Porro F, Portillo‐Estrada M, Poulenard J, Poyatos R, Prokushkin AS, Puchalka R, Pușcaș M, Radujković D, Randall K, Ratier Backes A, Remmele S, Remmers W, Renault D, Risch AC, Rixen C, Robinson SA, Robroek BJM, Rocha AV, Rossi C, Rossi G, Roupsard O, Rubtsov AV, Saccone P, Sagot C, Sallo Bravo J, Santos CC, Sarneel JM, Scharnweber T, Schmeddes J, Schmidt M, Scholten T, Schuchardt M, Schwartz N, Scott T, Seeber J, Segalin de Andrade AC, Seipel T, Semenchuk P, Senior RA, Serra‐Diaz JM, Sewerniak P, Shekhar A, Sidenko NV, Siebicke L, Siegwart Collier L, Simpson E, Siqueira DP, Sitková Z, Six J, Smiljanic M, Smith SW, Smith‐Tripp S, Somers B, Sørensen MV, Souza JJLL, Souza BI, Souza Dias A, Spasojevic MJ, Speed JDM, Spicher F, Stanisci A, Steinbauer K, Steinbrecher R, Steinwandter M, Stemkovski M, Stephan JG, Stiegler C, Stoll S, Svátek M, Svoboda M, Tagesson T, Tanentzap AJ, Tanneberger F, Theurillat J, Thomas HJD, Thomas AD, Tielbörger K, Tomaselli M, Treier UA, Trouillier M, Turtureanu PD, Tutton R, Tyystjärvi VA, Ueyama M, Ujházy K, Ujházyová M, Uogintas D, Urban AV, Urban J, Urbaniak M, Ursu T, Vaccari FP, Van de Vondel S, van den Brink L, Van Geel M, Vandvik V, Vangansbeke P, Varlagin A, Veen GF, Veenendaal E, Venn SE, Verbeeck H, Verbrugggen E, Verheijen FGA, Villar L, Vitale L, Vittoz P, Vives‐Ingla M, von Oppen J, Walz J, Wang R, Wang Y, Way RG, Wedegärtner REM, Weigel R, Wild J, Wilkinson M, Wilmking M, Wingate L, Winkler M, Wipf S, Wohlfahrt G, Xenakis G, Yang Y, Yu Z, Yu K, Zellweger F, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhao P, Ziemblińska K, Zimmermann R, Zong S, Zyryanov VI, Nijs I, Lenoir J. Global maps of soil temperature. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:3110-3144. [PMID: 34967074 PMCID: PMC9303923 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. Lembrechts
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Johan van den Hoogen
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Juha Aalto
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Michael B. Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Australian MuseumSydneyAustralia
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | | | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Ilya M. D. Maclean
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynUK
| | - Thomas W. Crowther
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - David H. Klinges
- School of Natural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMarylandUSA
| | - Pekka Niittynen
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Brett R. Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Peter Aartsma
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental HealthUniversity of South‐Eastern NorwayBøNorway
| | - Otar Abdalaze
- Alpine Ecosystems Research ProgramInstitute of EcologyIlia State UniversityTbilisiGeorgia
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Rien Aerts
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Negar Ahmadian
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | | | | | - Jake M. Alexander
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Integrative BiologyETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Christof Ammann
- Department of Agroecology and EnvironmentAgroscope Research InstituteZürichSwitzerland
| | - Christian Andres
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Jonas Ardö
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Nicola Arriga
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | | | - Valeria Aschero
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CuyoMendozaArgentina
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | | | - Jakob Johann Assmann
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Maaike Y. Bader
- Ecological Plant GeographyFaculty of GeographyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Peter Barančok
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Isabel C. Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest SciencesAgricultural University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Agustina Barros
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | - Matti Barthel
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Edmund W. Basham
- School of Natural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Manuele Bazzichetto
- Université de RennesCNRSEcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553RennesFrance
| | - Luca Belelli Marchesini
- Department of Sustainable Agro‐ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’AdigeItaly
| | | | | | | | - Bernd J. Berauer
- Institute of Landscape and Plant EcologyDepartment of Plant EcologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Jarle W. Bjerke
- Norwegian Institute for Nature ResearchFRAM ‐ High North Research Centre for Climate and the EnvironmentTromsøNorway
| | - Robert G. Björk
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
| | - Mats P. Björkman
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
| | - Katrin Björnsdóttir
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Julia Boike
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine ResearchTelegrafenberg A45PotsdamGermany
- Geography DepartmentHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinGermany
| | - Stef Bokhorst
- Department of Ecological ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bárbara N. S. Brum
- Pós‐Graduação em Ciências de Florestas TropicaisInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrasil
| | - Josef Brůna
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Pauline Buysse
- UMR ECOSYS INRAEUinversité Paris SaclayAgroParisTechFrance
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments ProjectBDFFPInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Otávio C. Campoe
- Department of Forest SciencesFederal University of LavrasLavrasBrazil
| | - Onur Candan
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Molecular Biology and GeneticsOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Rafaella Canessa
- Ecological Plant GeographyFaculty of GeographyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Nicoletta Cannone
- Department of Science and High TechnologyInsubria UniversityComoItaly
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Jofre Carnicer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental SciencesBiodiversity Research Institute (IRBio)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- CREAFE08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)Spain
| | - Angélica Casanova‐Katny
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal y Cambio ClimáticoLaboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal y Cambio ClimáticoDepartamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud PúblicaUniversidad Católica de TemucoCampus Luis Rivas del Canto and Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales (NEA)Facultad de Recursos NaturalesUniversidad Católica de TemucoTemucoChile
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Bogdan Chojnicki
- Laboratory of BioclimatologyDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ProtectionPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Philippe Choler
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSLECAGrenobleFrance
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSLTSER Zone Atelier AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Steven L. Chown
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureSchool of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Edgar F. Cifuentes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Marek Čiliak
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Tamara Contador
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)University Austral of ChileValdiviaChile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC)Puerto WilliamsChile
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic SurveyNERC, High CrossCambridgeUK
| | - Elisabeth J. Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Climate Change UnitEnvironmental Protection Agency of Aosta ValleyItaly
| | - Salvatore R. Curasi
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndianaUSA
| | - Robin Curtis
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynUK
| | | | - C. Johan Dahlberg
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- The County Administrative Board of Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
| | | | | | | | - Jürgen Dengler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Vegetation EcologyInstitute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR)ZHAW Zurich University of Applied SciencesWädenswilSwitzerland
- Plant EcologyBayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | | | | | - Valter Di Cecco
- Majella Seed BankMajella National ParkColle MadonnaLama dei PeligniItaly
| | - Michele Di Musciano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | - Jan Dick
- UK Centre for Ecology and HydrologyPenicuikUK
| | - Romina D. Dimarco
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de InsectosIFAB (INTA ‐ CONICET)BarilocheArgentina
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BotanyUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Jiří Dušek
- Global Change Research InstituteAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCzech Republic
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Lars Eklundh
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Todd E. Erickson
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings ParkAustralia
| | - Brigitta Erschbamer
- Department of BotanyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Werner Eugster
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Nicolas Fanin
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesDepartment of Molecular Biology and GeneticsOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Iris Feigenwinter
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | | | | | - Manfred Finckh
- Institute for Plant Science and MicrobiologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | | | - T'ai G. W. Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Erika C. Freeman
- Ecosystems and Global Change GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Esther R. Frei
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERCDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Eduardo Fuentes‐Lillo
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- School of Education and Social SciencesAdventist University of ChileChile
| | - Rafael A. García
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | | | - Charly Géron
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Biodiversity and LandscapeTERRA Research CentreGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Dany Ghosn
- Department of Geo‐information in Environmental ManagementMediterranean Agronomic Institute of ChaniaChaniaGreece
| | - Khatuna Gigauri
- Department of Environmental Management and PolicyGeorgian Institute of Public AffairsTbilisiGeorgia
| | - Anne Gobin
- Flemish Institute for Technological ResearchMolBelgium
- Department of Earth and Environmental ScienceFaculty of BioScience EngineeringKULeuvenBelgium
| | - Ignacio Goded
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | - Mathias Goeckede
- Department of Biogeochemical SignalsMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - Felix Gottschall
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Bente Jessen Graae
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Sarah Greenwood
- Biodiversity, Wildlife and Ecosystem HealthBiomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Caroline Greiser
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Achim Grelle
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Mauro Guglielmin
- Department of Theoretical and Applied SciencesInsubria UniversityVareseItaly
| | - Joannès Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Peter Haase
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum FrankfurtGelnhausenGermany
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Aud H. Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Maroof Hamid
- Centre for Biodiversity and TaxonomyDepartment of BotanyUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
| | - Albin Hammerle
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Siri V. Haugum
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- The Heathland CentreAlverNorway
| | - Lucia Hederová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Bernard Heinesch
- TERRA Teaching and Research CenterFaculty of Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeGemblouxBelgium
| | | | - Daniel Hepenstrick
- Vegetation EcologyInstitute of Natural Resource SciencesZHAW Zurich University of Applied SciencesGrüentalSwitzerland
| | - Maximiliane Herberich
- Institute for BotanyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Mathias Herbst
- Centre for Agrometeorological Research (ZAMF)German Meteorological Service (DWD)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Luise Hermanutz
- Dept of BiologyMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
| | - David S. Hik
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Raúl Hoffrén
- Department of GeographyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Faculty of Resource ManagementHAWK University of Applied Sciences and ArtsGöttingenGermany
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Toke T. Høye
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityRøndeDenmark
| | - Filip Hrbacek
- Department of GeographyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental ScienceShinshu UniversityMatsumotoJapan
| | - Marcin Antoni Jackowicz‐Korczynski
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | | | - Järvi Järveoja
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Szymon Jastrzębowski
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree GeneticsForest Research InstituteRaszynPoland
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental ResearchBayreuthGermany
| | - Juan J. Jiménez
- ARAID/IPE‐CSICPyrenean Institute of EcologyAvda. Llano de la VictoriaSpain
| | | | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Alistair S. Jump
- Biological and Environmental SciencesFaculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingScotland
| | - Radoslaw Juszczak
- Laboratory of BioclimatologyDepartment of Ecology and Environmental ProtectionPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Róbert Kanka
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Vít Kašpar
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - George Kazakis
- Department of Geo‐information in Environmental ManagementMediterranean Agronomic Institute of ChaniaChaniaGreece
| | - Julia Kelly
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Anzar A. Khuroo
- Centre for Biodiversity and TaxonomyDepartment of BotanyUniversity of KashmirSrinagarIndia
| | - Leif Klemedtsson
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Marcin Klisz
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree GeneticsForest Research InstituteRaszynPoland
| | - Natascha Kljun
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | | | | | - Jozef Kollár
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Martyna M. Kotowska
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Bence Kovács
- Centre for Ecological ResearchInstitute of Ecology and BotanyVácrátótHungary
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Andrea Lamprecht
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Simone I. Lang
- Department of Arctic BiologyThe University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS)Longyearbyen, SvalbardNorway
| | - Christian Larson
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental SciencesMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | - Keith Larson
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental SciencesUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Kamil Laska
- Department of GeographyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Centre for Polar EcologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Guerric le Maire
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Rachel I. Leihy
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology UnitDepartment of BiologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Bengt Liljebladh
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteClimate System ResearchHelsinkiFinland
- INAR Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Juan Lorite
- Department of BotanyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Interuniversity Institute for Earth System ResearchUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | | | - Joshua Lynn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Roy Mackenzie
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE)University Austral of ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Enzo Magliulo
- CNR Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Regine Maier
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Francesco Malfasi
- Department of Science and High TechnologyInsubria UniversityComoItaly
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of ForestryTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Giovanni Manca
- European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | - Antonio Manco
- CNR Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Tanguy Manise
- TERRA Teaching and Research CenterFaculty of Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiegeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Paraskevi Manolaki
- School of Pure & Applied SciencesEnvironmental Conservation and Management ProgrammeOpen University of CyprusLatsiaCyprus
- Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced StudiesAIAS Høegh‐Guldbergs Gade 6BAarhusDenmark
| | - Felipe Marciniak
- Pós‐Graduação em Ciências de Florestas TropicaisInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrasil
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ana Clara Mazzolari
- Instituto Argentino de NivologiáGlaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA)CONICETCCT‐MendozaMendozaArgentina
| | - Sergiy Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental MonitoringOdesa National I.I. Mechnikov UniversityOdesaUkraine
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
- NGO New EnergyKharkivUkraine
| | - Volodymyr Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental MonitoringOdesa National I.I. Mechnikov UniversityOdesaUkraine
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Sonia Merinero
- Department of EcologyEnvironment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Rita de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments ProjectCoordenação de Dinâmica AmbientalInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Katrin Meusburger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Sean T. Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ann Milbau
- Department of EnvironmentProvince of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Dmitry Moiseev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of Ural Division of Russian Academy of ScienceEkaterinburgRussia
| | - Pavel Moiseev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of Ural Division of Russian Academy of ScienceEkaterinburgRussia
| | - Andrea Mondoni
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | | | - Mikel Moriana‐Armendariz
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Umberto Morra di Cella
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta ValleySaint‐ChristopheItaly
| | | | - Jonathan R. Mosedale
- Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusCornwallUK
| | - Lena Muffler
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Miriam Muñoz‐Rojas
- Centre for Ecosystem ScienceSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Jonathan A. Myers
- Department of BiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Animal BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of CampinasCampinasBrazil
| | | | - Ilona Naujokaitis‐Lewis
- National Wildlife Research CentreEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Emily Newling
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lena Nicklas
- Department of BotanyFaculty of BiologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg Niedrist
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEurac ResearchBozen/BolzanoItaly
| | - Armin Niessner
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Mats B. Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Signe Normand
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Marcelo D. Nosetto
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San LuisIMASL, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de San LuisSan LuisArgentina
- Cátedra de Climatología Agrícola (FCA‐UNER)Entre RíosArgentina
| | - Yann Nouvellon
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&SolsMontpellierFrance
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAEIRDMontpellier SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Martin A. Nuñez
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Grupo de Ecología de InvasionesINIBIOMACONICET/ Universidad Nacional del ComahueBarilocheArgentina
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSICGlobal Ecology Unit CREAF‐ CSIC‐UABBellaterraSpain
- CREAFSpain
| | - Jérôme Ogée
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Joseph Okello
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ‐ ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Mountains of the Moon UniversityFort PortalUganda
- National Agricultural Research OrganisationMbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development InstituteMbararaUganda
| | - Janusz Olejnik
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | | | | | - Simone Orsenigo
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Andrej Palaj
- Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Timo Pampuch
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | | | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Ada Pastor
- Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB)Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Marian Pavelka
- Global Change Research InstituteAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicCzech Republic
| | - William D. Pearse
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
- Department of Life SciencesImperial CollegeAscot, BerkshireUK
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape EcologyInstitute of Terrestrial EcosystemsDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Unit of Land Change ScienceSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Josep Penuelas
- CSICGlobal Ecology Unit CREAF‐ CSIC‐UABBellaterraSpain
- CREAFSpain
| | - Matteo Petit Bon
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyFaculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiT‐The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Department of Arctic BiologyThe University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS)Longyearbyen, SvalbardNorway
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Shyam S. Phartyal
- School of Ecology and Environment StudiesNalanda UniversityRajgirIndia
| | | | - Casimiro Pio
- CESAM & Department of EnvironmentUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Andrea Pitacco
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resourcesAnimals and Environment ‐ University of PaduaLegnaroItaly
| | - Camille Pitteloud
- Landscape EcologyInstitute of Terrestrial EcosystemsDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Unit of Land Change ScienceSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Francesco Porro
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | - Jérôme Poulenard
- Univ. Savoie Mont BlancCNRSUniv. Grenoble AlpesEDYTEMChambéryFrance
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAFE08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaSpain
| | - Anatoly S. Prokushkin
- Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarskRussia
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RASKrasnoyarskRussia
| | - Radoslaw Puchalka
- Department of Ecology and BiogeographyFaculty of Biological and Veterinary SciencesNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
- Centre for Climate Change ResearchNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
| | - Mihai Pușcaș
- A. Borza Botanic GardenBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- Faculty of Biology and GeologyDepartment of Taxonomy and EcologyBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- E. G. Racoviță InstituteBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Dajana Radujković
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Krystal Randall
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Amanda Ratier Backes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Sabine Remmele
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Wolfram Remmers
- University of Applied Sciences TrierEnvironmental Campus BirkenfeldBirkenfeldGermany
| | - David Renault
- Université de RennesCNRSEcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553RennesFrance
- Institut Universitaire de FranceParisFrance
| | - Anita C. Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERCDavos DorfSwitzerland
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bjorn J. M. Robroek
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Environmental and Biological SciencesRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Adrian V. Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Environmental Change InitiativeUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndianaUSA
| | - Christian Rossi
- Swiss National ParkChastè Planta‐WildenbergZernezSwitzerland
- Remote Sensing LaboratoriesDepartment of GeographyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Graziano Rossi
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Olivier Roupsard
- CIRADUMR Eco&SolsDakarSenegal
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAE, IRDInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance
- LMI IESOLCentre IRD‐ISRA de Bel AirDakarSenegal
| | | | - Patrick Saccone
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - Jhonatan Sallo Bravo
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del CuscoCuscoPerú
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Wilhelm L. JohannsenCuscoPerú
| | - Cinthya C. Santos
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFFInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
| | - Judith M. Sarneel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jonas Schmeddes
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Marius Schmidt
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences (IBG‐3): AgrosphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Thomas Scholten
- Chair of Soil Science and GeomorphologyDepartment of GeosciencesUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Max Schuchardt
- Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Naomi Schwartz
- Department of GeographyThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Tony Scott
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Julia Seeber
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEurac ResearchBozen/BolzanoItaly
| | | | - Tim Seipel
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental SciencesMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | | | - Rebecca A. Senior
- Princeton School of Public and International AffairsPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Piotr Sewerniak
- Department of Soil Science and Landscape ManagementFaculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial ManagementNicolaus Copernicus UniversityToruńPoland
| | - Ankit Shekhar
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Laura Siegwart Collier
- Dept of BiologyMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNewfoundlandCanada
- Terra Nova National ParkParks Canada AgencyGlovertownNewfoundlandCanada
| | - Elizabeth Simpson
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - David P. Siqueira
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Zuzana Sitková
- National Forest CentreForest Research Institute ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marko Smiljanic
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Stuart W. Smith
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Physical GeographyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Sarah Smith‐Tripp
- Department of GeographyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ben Somers
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesLeuvenBelgium
| | - Mia Vedel Sørensen
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | | | - Bartolomeu Israel Souza
- Departamento de Geociências. Cidade UniversitáriaUniversidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa ‐ PBBrasil
| | - Arildo Souza Dias
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFFInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManausBrazil
- Department of Physical GeographyGoethe‐Universität FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Marko J. Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - James D. M. Speed
- Department of Natural HistoryNTNU University MuseumNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UMR 7058 CNRS ‘Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés’ (EDYSAN)Univ. de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
| | - Angela Stanisci
- EnvixLabDipartimento di Bioscienze e TerritorioUniversità degli Studi del MoliseTermoliItaly
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Rainer Steinbrecher
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK)Department of Atmospheric Environmental Research (IFU)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Garmisch‐PartenkirchenGermany
| | | | - Michael Stemkovski
- Department of Biology and Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Jörg G. Stephan
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesSLU Swedish Species Information CentreUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Stefan Stoll
- University of Applied Sciences TrierEnvironmental Campus BirkenfeldBirkenfeldGermany
- Faculty for BiologyUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Andrew J. Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Franziska Tanneberger
- Experimental Plant EcologyInstitute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity of Greifswald, partner in the Greifswald Mire CentreGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jean‐Paul Theurillat
- Foundation J.‐M. AubertChampex‐LacSwitzerland
- Département de Botanique et Biologie végétaleUniversité de GenèveChambésySwitzerland
| | | | - Andrew D. Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth SciencesAberystwyth UniversityWalesUK
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Marcello Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Urs Albert Treier
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Mario Trouillier
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Pavel Dan Turtureanu
- A. Borza Botanic GardenBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- E. G. Racoviță InstituteBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
- Center for Systematic Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources ‐ 3BBabeș‐Bolyai UniversityCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Rosamond Tutton
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Vilna A. Tyystjärvi
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- Finnish Meteorological InstHelsinkiFinland
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversityJapan
| | - Karol Ujházy
- Faculty of ForestryTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Mariana Ujházyová
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | | | - Anastasiya V. Urban
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RASKrasnoyarskRussia
| | - Josef Urban
- Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarskRussia
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Marek Urbaniak
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Tudor‐Mihai Ursu
- Institute of Biological Research Cluj‐NapocaNational Institute of Research and Development for Biological SciencesBucharestRomania
| | | | - Stijn Van de Vondel
- The Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE)University of AntwerpWilrijk (Antwerpen)Belgium
| | - Liesbeth van den Brink
- Plant Ecology GroupDepartment of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Maarten Van Geel
- Plant Conservation and Population BiologyDepartment of BiologyKU LeuvenHeverleeBelgium
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature LabDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityMelle‐GontrodeBelgium
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - G. F. Veen
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Elmar Veenendaal
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Susanna E. Venn
- Centre for Integrative EcologySchool of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab ‐ Computational and Applied Vegetation EcologyDepartment of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Erik Verbrugggen
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Frank G. A. Verheijen
- Earth Surface Processes TeamCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM)Department of Environment and PlanningUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Luis Villar
- Instituto Pirenaico de EcologíaIPE‐CSIC. Av. Llano de la VictoriaJaca (Huesca)Spain
| | - Luca Vitale
- CNR ‐ Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPorticiItaly
| | - Pascal Vittoz
- Institute of Earth Surface DynamicsFaculty of Geosciences and EnvironmentUniversity of LausanneGéopolisSwitzerland
| | | | - Jonathan von Oppen
- Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global ChangeDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing WorldDepartment of BiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Josefine Walz
- Climate Impacts Research CentreDepartment of Ecology and Environmental SciencesUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Runxi Wang
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Robert G. Way
- Northern Environmental Geoscience LaboratoryDepartment of Geography and PlanningQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Robert Weigel
- Plant EcologyAlbrecht‐von‐Haller‐Institute for Plant SciencesGeorg‐August University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6 ‐ SuchdolCzech Republic
| | | | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape EcologyUniversity GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Lisa Wingate
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPAVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA CoordinationInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain ResearchAustrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- Swiss National ParkChastè Planta‐WildenbergZernezSwitzerland
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengduP.R. China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai MountainsSchool of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kailiang Yu
- High Meadows Environmental InstitutePrinceton UniversityNew JerseyUSA
| | - Florian Zellweger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Jian Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhaochen Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Klaudia Ziemblińska
- Laboratory of MeteorologyDepartment of Construction and GeoengineeringFaculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical EngineeringPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Reiner Zimmermann
- Institute of BiologyDepartment of Molecular BotanyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- Ecological‐Botanical GardensUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Shengwei Zong
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai MountainsMinistry of EducationSchool of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | | | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR 7058 CNRS ‘Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés’ (EDYSAN)Univ. de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensFrance
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Bauters M, Grau O, Doetterl S, Heineman KD, Dalling JW, Prada CM, Griepentrog M, Malhi Y, Riutta T, Scalon M, Oliveras I, Inagawa T, Majalap N, Beeckman H, Van den Bulcke J, Perring MP, Dourdain A, Hérault B, Vermeir P, Makelele IA, Fernández PR, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Janssens IA. Tropical wood stores substantial amounts of nutrients, but we have limited understanding why. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gent Belgium
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology – CAVElab Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gent Belgium
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Oriol Grau
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola Catalonia Spain
| | - Sebastian Doetterl
- Soil Resources Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Katherine D. Heineman
- Center for Plant Conservation Escondido California USA
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research Escondido California USA
| | - James W. Dalling
- Department of Plant Biology and Program for Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Ancon Panama
| | - Cecilia M. Prada
- Department of Plant Biology and Program for Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Marco Griepentrog
- Soil Resources Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Biogeoscience Department of Earth Sciences ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Terhi Riutta
- Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Marina Scalon
- Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Imma Oliveras
- Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Takeshi Inagawa
- Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Noreen Majalap
- Sabah Forestry Department Forest Research Centre Sabah Malaysia
| | | | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGent‐Woodlab ‐ Laboratory of Wood Technology Department of Environment Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gent Belgium
| | - Michael P. Perring
- Forest & Nature Lab Department of Environment Ghent University Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
- Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology) Environment Centre Wales Bangor Gwynedd UK
| | - Aurélie Dourdain
- CIRAD UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane Kourou French Guiana France
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD UPR Forêts et Sociétés Yamoussoukro Côte d’Ivoire
- Forêts et Sociétés Univ Montpellier, CIRAD Montpellier France
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët‐Boigny, INP‐HB Yamoussoukro Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Laboratory for Chemical Analyses – LCA Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Isaac A. Makelele
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Gent Belgium
| | - Pere R. Fernández
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola Catalonia Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola Catalonia Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola Catalonia Spain
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
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12
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Vallicrosa H, Sardans J, Maspons J, Zuccarini P, Fernández-Martínez M, Bauters M, Goll DS, Ciais P, Obersteiner M, Janssens IA, Peñuelas J. Global maps and factors driving forest foliar elemental composition: the importance of evolutionary history. New Phytol 2022; 233:169-181. [PMID: 34614196 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Consistent information on the current elemental composition of vegetation at global scale and the variables that determine it is lacking. To fill this gap, we gathered a total of 30 912 georeferenced records on woody plants foliar concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) from published databases, and produced global maps of foliar N, P and K concentrations for woody plants using neural networks at a resolution of 1 km2 . We used data for climate, atmospheric deposition, soil and morphoclimatic groups to train the neural networks. Foliar N, P and K do not follow clear global latitudinal patterns but are consistent with the hypothesis of soil substrate age. We additionally built generalized linear mixed models to investigate the evolutionary history effect together with the effects of environmental effects. In this comparison, evolutionary history effects explained most of the variability in all cases (mostly > 60%). These results emphasize the determinant role of evolutionary history in foliar elemental composition, which should be incorporated in upcoming dynamic global vegetation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Vallicrosa
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
| | - Joan Maspons
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
| | - Paolo Zuccarini
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
| | - Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium
| | | | | | - Michael Obersteiner
- Ecosystems Services and Management, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08913, Spain
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13
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Tedersoo L, Mikryukov V, Anslan S, Bahram M, Khalid AN, Corrales A, Agan A, Vasco-Palacios AM, Saitta A, Antonelli A, Rinaldi AC, Verbeken A, Sulistyo BP, Tamgnoue B, Furneaux B, Ritter CD, Nyamukondiwa C, Sharp C, Marín C, Dai DQ, Gohar D, Sharmah D, Biersma EM, Cameron EK, De Crop E, Otsing E, Davydov EA, Albornoz FE, Brearley FQ, Buegger F, Gates G, Zahn G, Bonito G, Hiiesalu I, Hiiesalu I, Zettur I, Barrio IC, Pärn J, Heilmann-Clausen J, Ankuda J, Kupagme JY, Sarapuu J, Maciá-Vicente JG, Fovo JD, Geml J, Alatalo JM, Alvarez-Manjarrez J, Monkai J, Põldmaa K, Runnel K, Adamson K, Bråthen KA, Pritsch K, Tchan KI, Armolaitis K, Hyde KD, Newsham KK, Panksep K, Adebola LA, Lamit LJ, Saba M, da Silva Cáceres ME, Tuomi M, Gryzenhout M, Bauters M, Bálint M, Wijayawardene N, Hagh-Doust N, Yorou NS, Kurina O, Mortimer PE, Meidl P, Nilsson RH, Puusepp R, Casique-Valdés R, Drenkhan R, Garibay-Orijel R, Godoy R, Alfarraj S, Rahimlou S, Põlme S, Dudov SV, Mundra S, Ahmed T, Netherway T, Henkel TW, Roslin T, Fedosov VE, Onipchenko VG, Yasanthika WAE, Lim YW, Piepenbring M, Klavina D, Kõljalg U, Abarenkov K. The Global Soil Mycobiome consortium dataset for boosting fungal diversity research. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Gallarotti N, Barthel M, Verhoeven E, Pereira EIP, Bauters M, Baumgartner S, Drake TW, Boeckx P, Mohn J, Longepierre M, Mugula JK, Makelele IA, Ntaboba LC, Six J. In-depth analysis of N 2O fluxes in tropical forest soils of the Congo Basin combining isotope and functional gene analysis. ISME J 2021; 15:3357-3374. [PMID: 34035444 PMCID: PMC8528805 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Primary tropical forests generally exhibit large gaseous nitrogen (N) losses, occurring as nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O) or elemental nitrogen (N2). The release of N2O is of particular concern due to its high global warming potential and destruction of stratospheric ozone. Tropical forest soils are predicted to be among the largest natural sources of N2O; however, despite being the world's second-largest rainforest, measurements of gaseous N-losses from forest soils of the Congo Basin are scarce. In addition, long-term studies investigating N2O fluxes from different forest ecosystem types (lowland and montane forests) are scarce. In this study we show that fluxes measured in the Congo Basin were lower than fluxes measured in the Neotropics, and in the tropical forests of Australia and South East Asia. In addition, we show that despite different climatic conditions, average annual N2O fluxes in the Congo Basin's lowland forests (0.97 ± 0.53 kg N ha-1 year-1) were comparable to those in its montane forest (0.88 ± 0.97 kg N ha-1 year-1). Measurements of soil pore air N2O isotope data at multiple depths suggests that a microbial reduction of N2O to N2 within the soil may account for the observed low surface N2O fluxes and low soil pore N2O concentrations. The potential for microbial reduction is corroborated by a significant abundance and expression of the gene nosZ in soil samples from both study sites. Although isotopic and functional gene analyses indicate an enzymatic potential for complete denitrification, combined gaseous N-losses (N2O, N2) are unlikely to account for the missing N-sink in these forests. Other N-losses such as NO, N2 via Feammox or hydrological particulate organic nitrogen export could play an important role in soils of the Congo Basin and should be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gallarotti
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matti Barthel
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Verhoeven
- grid.4391.f0000 0001 2112 1969College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Engil Isadora Pujol Pereira
- grid.449717.80000 0004 5374 269XSchool of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX USA
| | - Marijn Bauters
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Isotope Bioscience Laboratory, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Baumgartner
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XEarth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Travis W. Drake
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Isotope Bioscience Laboratory, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim Mohn
- grid.7354.50000 0001 2331 3059Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories of Materials Science and Technology, Empa Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Manon Longepierre
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Kalume Mugula
- grid.442836.f0000 0004 7477 7760Département de Biologie, Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Isaac Ahanamungu Makelele
- grid.442836.f0000 0004 7477 7760Département de Biologie, Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Landry Cizungu Ntaboba
- grid.442834.d0000 0004 6011 4325Département d’ Agronomie, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Johan Six
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Sibret T, Verbruggen W, Peaucelle M, Verryckt LT, Bauters M, Combe M, Boeckx P, Verbeeck H. High photosynthetic capacity of Sahelian C 3 and C 4 plants. Photosynth Res 2021; 147:161-175. [PMID: 33387194 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The semi-arid ecosystems of the African Sahel play an important role in the global carbon cycle and are among the most sensitive ecosystems to future environmental pressures. Still, basic data of photosynthetic characteristics of Sahelian vegetation are very limited, preventing us to properly understand these ecosystems and to project their response to future global changes. Here, we aim to study and quantify key leaf traits, including photosynthetic parameters and leaf nutrients (Nleaf and Pleaf), of common C3 and C4 Sahelian plants (trees, lianas, and grasses) at the Dahra field site (Senegal). Dahra is a reference site for grazed semi-arid Sahelian savannah ecosystems in carbon cycle studies. Within the studied species, we found that photosynthetic parameters varied considerably between functional types. We also found significant relationships between and within photosynthetic parameters and leaf traits which mostly differed in their slopes from C3 to C4 plants. In agreement with the leaf economic spectrum, strong relationships (R2 = 0.71) were found between SLA and Nleaf whereby C3 and C4 plants showed very similar relationships. By comparing our data to a global dataset of plant traits, we show that measured Sahelian plants exhibit higher photosynthetic capacity (Asat) compared to the non-Sahelian vegetation, with values that are on average a fourfold of the global average. Moreover, Sahelian C3 plants showed photosynthetic nutrient use efficiencies that were on average roughly twice as high as global averages. We interpreted these results as the potential adaptation of Sahelian plants to short growing season lengths via an efficient nutrient allocation to optimize photosynthesis during this period. Our study provides robust estimates of key functional traits, but also traits relationships that will help to calibrate and validate vegetation models over this data-poor region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sibret
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- CAVElab, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Wim Verbruggen
- CAVElab, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Peaucelle
- CAVElab, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore T Verryckt
- PLECO, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- CAVElab, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Combe
- CAVElab, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Lembrechts JJ, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, De Frenne P, Kopecký M, Lenoir J, Luoto M, Maclean IMD, Roupsard O, Fuentes-Lillo E, García RA, Pellissier L, Pitteloud C, Alatalo JM, Smith SW, Björk RG, Muffler L, Ratier Backes A, Cesarz S, Gottschall F, Okello J, Urban J, Plichta R, Svátek M, Phartyal SS, Wipf S, Eisenhauer N, Pușcaș M, Turtureanu PD, Varlagin A, Dimarco RD, Jump AS, Randall K, Dorrepaal E, Larson K, Walz J, Vitale L, Svoboda M, Finger Higgens R, Halbritter AH, Curasi SR, Klupar I, Koontz A, Pearse WD, Simpson E, Stemkovski M, Jessen Graae B, Vedel Sørensen M, Høye TT, Fernández Calzado MR, Lorite J, Carbognani M, Tomaselli M, Forte TGW, Petraglia A, Haesen S, Somers B, Van Meerbeek K, Björkman MP, Hylander K, Merinero S, Gharun M, Buchmann N, Dolezal J, Matula R, Thomas AD, Bailey JJ, Ghosn D, Kazakis G, de Pablo MA, Kemppinen J, Niittynen P, Rew L, Seipel T, Larson C, Speed JDM, Ardö J, Cannone N, Guglielmin M, Malfasi F, Bader MY, Canessa R, Stanisci A, Kreyling J, Schmeddes J, Teuber L, Aschero V, Čiliak M, Máliš F, De Smedt P, Govaert S, Meeussen C, Vangansbeke P, Gigauri K, Lamprecht A, Pauli H, Steinbauer K, Winkler M, Ueyama M, Nuñez MA, Ursu TM, Haider S, Wedegärtner REM, Smiljanic M, Trouillier M, Wilmking M, Altman J, Brůna J, Hederová L, Macek M, Man M, Wild J, Vittoz P, Pärtel M, Barančok P, Kanka R, Kollár J, Palaj A, Barros A, Mazzolari AC, Bauters M, Boeckx P, Benito Alonso JL, Zong S, Di Cecco V, Sitková Z, Tielbörger K, van den Brink L, Weigel R, Homeier J, Dahlberg CJ, Medinets S, Medinets V, De Boeck HJ, Portillo-Estrada M, Verryckt LT, Milbau A, Daskalova GN, Thomas HJD, Myers-Smith IH, Blonder B, Stephan JG, Descombes P, Zellweger F, Frei ER, Heinesch B, Andrews C, Dick J, Siebicke L, Rocha A, Senior RA, Rixen C, Jimenez JJ, Boike J, Pauchard A, Scholten T, Scheffers B, Klinges D, Basham EW, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Géron C, Fazlioglu F, Candan O, Sallo Bravo J, Hrbacek F, Laska K, Cremonese E, Haase P, Moyano FE, Rossi C, Nijs I. SoilTemp: A global database of near-surface temperature. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:6616-6629. [PMID: 32311220 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J Lembrechts
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Juha Aalto
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael B Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisées' (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Univ. de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilya M D Maclean
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Olivier Roupsard
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Dakar, Senegal
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
- School of Education and Social Sciences, Adventist University of Chile, Chile
| | - Rafael A García
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Camille Pitteloud
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stuart W Smith
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Muffler
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Amanda Ratier Backes
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Gottschall
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph Okello
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Mountains of the Moon University, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Josef Urban
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shyam S Phartyal
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, India
- Department of Forestry and NR, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar-Garhwal, India
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mihai Pușcaș
- A. Borza Botanical Garden and Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Pavel D Turtureanu
- A. Borza Botanical Garden, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Romina D Dimarco
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, IFAB (INTA - CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Alistair S Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Krystal Randall
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Keith Larson
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Josefine Walz
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Luca Vitale
- CNR - Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems, Ercolano (Napoli), Italy
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | | | - Aud H Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Salvatore R Curasi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ian Klupar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Austin Koontz
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - William D Pearse
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Elizabeth Simpson
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Michael Stemkovski
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Bente Jessen Graae
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mia Vedel Sørensen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Toke T Høye
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Rønde, Denmark
| | | | - Juan Lorite
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marcello Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - T'ai G W Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben Somers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Mats P Björkman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Merinero
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew D Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | | | - Dany Ghosn
- Department of Geo-information in Environmental Management, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - George Kazakis
- Department of Geo-information in Environmental Management, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Miguel A de Pablo
- Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Kemppinen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Niittynen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lisa Rew
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Tim Seipel
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Christian Larson
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - James D M Speed
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonas Ardö
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicoletta Cannone
- Department of Science and High Technology, Insubria University, Como, Italy
| | - Mauro Guglielmin
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Malfasi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Maaike Y Bader
- Ecological Plant Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rafaella Canessa
- Ecological Plant Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Angela Stanisci
- EnvixLab, Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Termoli, Italy
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmeddes
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laurenz Teuber
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Valeria Aschero
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Cuyo, Argentina
- Instituto Argentino de Nivologiá, Glaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marek Čiliak
- Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Pallieter De Smedt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | - Andrea Lamprecht
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Martin A Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA, CONICET/Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Tudor-Mihai Ursu
- Institute of Biological Research Cluj-Napoca, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sylvia Haider
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronja E M Wedegärtner
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marko Smiljanic
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mario Trouillier
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Brůna
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Hederová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Man
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Wild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Pascal Vittoz
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peter Barančok
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Kanka
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kollár
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Palaj
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Agustina Barros
- Instituto Argentino de Nivologiá, Glaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ana C Mazzolari
- Instituto Argentino de Nivologiá, Glaciologiá y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Shengwei Zong
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Valter Di Cecco
- Majella Seed Bank, Majella National Park, Lama dei Peligni, Italy
| | - Zuzana Sitková
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Plant Ecology Group, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liesbeth van den Brink
- Plant Ecology Group, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Weigel
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Johan Dahlberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- County Administrative Board of Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sergiy Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental Monitoring, Odesa National I.I. Mechnikov University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Medinets
- Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental Monitoring, Odesa National I.I. Mechnikov University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Hans J De Boeck
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Lore T Verryckt
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ann Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Blonder
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jörg G Stephan
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrice Descombes
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Esther R Frei
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Heinesch
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Faculty of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Dick
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Midlothian, UK
| | - Lukas Siebicke
- Bioclimatology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca A Senior
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Julia Boike
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Scholten
- Chair of Soil Science and Geomorphology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Brett Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David Klinges
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edmund W Basham
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaochen Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Charly Géron
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Biodiversity and Landscape, TERRA Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Onur Candan
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | | | - Filip Hrbacek
- Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Laska
- Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Aosta, Italy
| | - Peter Haase
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Rossi
- Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Zernez, Switzerland
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Unit Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Bauters M, Meeus S, Barthel M, Stoffelen P, De Deurwaerder HPT, Meunier F, Drake TW, Ponette Q, Ebuy J, Vermeir P, Beeckman H, Wyffels F, Bodé S, Verbeeck H, Vandelook F, Boeckx P. Century-long apparent decrease in intrinsic water-use efficiency with no evidence of progressive nutrient limitation in African tropical forests. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:4449-4461. [PMID: 32364642 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forests exhibit leaf- and ecosystem-level responses to environmental changes. Specifically, rising carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels over the past century are expected to have increased the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) of tropical trees while the ecosystem is gradually pushed into progressive nutrient limitation. Due to the long-term character of these changes, however, observational datasets to validate both paradigms are limited in space and time. In this study, we used a unique herbarium record to go back nearly a century and show that despite the rise in CO2 concentrations, iWUE has decreased in central African tropical trees in the Congo Basin. Although we find evidence that points to leaf-level adaptation to increasing CO2 -that is, increasing photosynthesis-related nutrients and decreasing maximum stomatal conductance, a decrease in leaf δ13 C clearly indicates a decreasing iWUE over time. Additionally, the stoichiometric carbon to nitrogen and nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in the leaves show no sign of progressive nutrient limitation as they have remained constant since 1938, which suggests that nutrients have not increasingly limited productivity in this biome. Altogether, the data suggest that other environmental factors, such as increasing temperature, might have negatively affected net photosynthesis and consequently downregulated the iWUE. Results from this study reveal that the second largest tropical forest on Earth has responded differently to recent environmental changes than expected, highlighting the need for further on-ground monitoring in the Congo Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Matti Barthel
- Sustainable Agroecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hannes P T De Deurwaerder
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Félicien Meunier
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Travis W Drake
- Sustainable Agroecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Ponette
- UCL-ELI, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jerôme Ebuy
- UCL-ELI, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Université de Kisangani (UNIKIS/FGRNR), Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Laboratory for Chemical Analyses - LCA, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Francis Wyffels
- AIRO, Electronics and Information Systems Department, Ghent University-Imec, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Samuel Bodé
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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18
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Mumbanza FM, Bauters M, Kearsley E, Boeckx P, Lubini CA, Verbeeck H. Liana communities exhibit different species composition, diversity and community structure across forest types in the Congo Basin. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis M. Mumbanza
- Department of Environment, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology CAVElab Ghent University Gent Belgium
- Laboratoire de Systémique, Biodiversité, Conservation de la Nature et Savoirs Endogènes Département des Sciences de l'Environnement Université de Kinshasa Kinshasa Congo
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of Environment, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology CAVElab Ghent University Gent Belgium
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ISOFYS Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Ghent University Gent Belgium
| | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- Department of Environment, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology CAVElab Ghent University Gent Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory ISOFYS Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Ghent University Gent Belgium
| | - Constantin A. Lubini
- Laboratoire de Systémique, Biodiversité, Conservation de la Nature et Savoirs Endogènes Département des Sciences de l'Environnement Université de Kinshasa Kinshasa Congo
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Department of Environment, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology CAVElab Ghent University Gent Belgium
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19
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Kattge J, Bönisch G, Díaz S, Lavorel S, Prentice IC, Leadley P, Tautenhahn S, Werner GDA, Aakala T, Abedi M, Acosta ATR, Adamidis GC, Adamson K, Aiba M, Albert CH, Alcántara JM, Alcázar C C, Aleixo I, Ali H, Amiaud B, Ammer C, Amoroso MM, Anand M, Anderson C, Anten N, Antos J, Apgaua DMG, Ashman TL, Asmara DH, Asner GP, Aspinwall M, Atkin O, Aubin I, Baastrup-Spohr L, Bahalkeh K, Bahn M, Baker T, Baker WJ, Bakker JP, Baldocchi D, Baltzer J, Banerjee A, Baranger A, Barlow J, Barneche DR, Baruch Z, Bastianelli D, Battles J, Bauerle W, Bauters M, Bazzato E, Beckmann M, Beeckman H, Beierkuhnlein C, Bekker R, Belfry G, Belluau M, Beloiu M, Benavides R, Benomar L, Berdugo-Lattke ML, Berenguer E, Bergamin R, Bergmann J, Bergmann Carlucci M, Berner L, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Bigler C, Bjorkman AD, Blackman C, Blanco C, Blonder B, Blumenthal D, Bocanegra-González KT, Boeckx P, Bohlman S, Böhning-Gaese K, Boisvert-Marsh L, Bond W, Bond-Lamberty B, Boom A, Boonman CCF, Bordin K, Boughton EH, 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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:119-188. [PMID: 31891233 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Díaz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), and Factulad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Paul Leadley
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Gijsbert D A Werner
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | | | - George C Adamidis
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kairi Adamson
- Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Masahiro Aiba
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Cécile H Albert
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Izabela Aleixo
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Hamada Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Christian Ammer
- Forest Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariano M Amoroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, El Bolsón, Argentina
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Carolyn Anderson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Niels Anten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Degi Harja Asmara
- Centre for Forest Research, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Michael Aspinwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Owen Atkin
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Isabelle Aubin
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | | | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Jan P Bakker
- Conservation Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Baltzer
- Biology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Arindam Banerjee
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Diego R Barneche
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Zdravko Baruch
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Denis Bastianelli
- CIRAD, UMR SELMET, Montpellier, France
- SELMET, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, France
| | - John Battles
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William Bauerle
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Erika Bazzato
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michael Beckmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Renee Bekker
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology (GIA), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin Belfry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - Michael Belluau
- Département des Science, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mirela Beloiu
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | - Mary Lee Berdugo-Lattke
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Fundación Natura, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rodrigo Bergamin
- Laboratório de Estudos em Vegetação Campestre (LEVCamp), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcos Bergmann Carlucci
- Laboratório de Ecologia Funcional de Comunidades (LABEF), Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Logan Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Anne D Bjorkman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chris Blackman
- PIAF, INRA, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carolina Blanco
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dana Blumenthal
- USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kelly T Bocanegra-González
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Dinámica de Ecosistémas Tropicales - Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Bohlman
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katrin Böhning-Gaese
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura Boisvert-Marsh
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - William Bond
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAEON Fynbos Node, Claremont, South Africa
| | | | - Arnoud Boom
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Coline C F Boonman
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kauane Bordin
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Boukili
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Sandra Bravo
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Marco Richard Brendel
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Kerry A Brown
- Department of Geography and Geology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Federico Brumnich
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FICH-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bruy
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, Herbier de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | | | | | | | - Robert Buitenwerf
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jana Bürger
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Bradley J Butterfield
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Chaeho Byun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Marcia Marques
- Departamento de Botânica, SCB, UFPR - Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marina C Scalon
- Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marc Cadotte
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- IRSTEA Aix-en-Provence, UMR RECOVER, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - James Camac
- Centre of Excellence for Bioscurity Risk Analysis, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | - Giandiego Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Juan Antonio Campos
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laura Cano-Arboleda
- Fundación Natura, Bogota, Colombia
- Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Roberto Canullo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Carvalho
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Fernando Casanoves
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | | | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Bruno E L Cerabolini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cervellini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- BIGEA, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - F Stuart Chapin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Stefano Chelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lluís Coll
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Engineering (EAGROF), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain
| | | | - Luisa Conti
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - David Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William K Cornwell
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Marie Coyea
- Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joris P G M Cromsigt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | | | - Katarina Cufar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matthias Cuntz
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | | | - Kyla M Dahlin
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matteo Dainese
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Igor Dalke
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Michele Dalle Fratte
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Anh Tuan Dang-Le
- University of Science - Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jirí Danihelka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Masako Dannoura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Samantha Dawson
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arend Jacobus de Beer
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Angel De Frutos
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonathan R De Long
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Dechant
- Department Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Department Computational Hydrosystems, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sylvain Delagrange
- Institute of Temperate Forest Sciences (ISFORT), Ripon, QC, Canada
- UQO, Department of Natural Sciences, Ripon, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Delpierre
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana, France
| | - Arildo S Dias
- Institut für Physische Geographie, Biogeography and Biodiversity Lab, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Mark Dobrowolski
- Iluka Resources, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel Doktor
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pavel Dřevojan
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Stefan Dressler
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Leandro Duarte
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emilie Ducouret
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana, France
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Durka
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | - Remko Duursma
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olga Dymova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Anna E-Vojtkó
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Rolf Lutz Eckstein
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences - Biology, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Hamid Ejtehadi
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - James Elser
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT, USA
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thaise Emilio
- Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado (PNPD), Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Kristine Engemann
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Bagher Erfanian
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alexandra Erfmeier
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Ecosystem Research/Geobotany, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences - University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gerd Esser
- Institute for Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marc Estiarte
- Spanish National Research Council - CSIC, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Jaime Fagúndez
- Campus da Zapateira, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Daniel S Falster
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying Fan
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Emmanuele Farris
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Yanhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Mendez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Dinámica de Ecosistémas Tropicales - Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
- Centro Forestal Tropical Bajo Calima, Universidad del Tolima, Buenaventura, Colombia
| | | | | | - Alessandra Fidelis
- Instituto de Biociências, Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Dan F B Flynn
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronika Fontana
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Estelle Forey
- Laboratoire ECODIV URA, IRSTEA/EA 1293, Normandie Université, UFR ST, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Cristiane Forgiarini
- Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Louis François
- Unit of Research SPHERES, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marcelo Frangipani
- University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Grégoire T Freschet
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse, Moulis, France
| | - Ellen L Fry
- School of Earth and Environment Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nikolaos M Fyllas
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Guilherme G Mazzochini
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sophie Gachet
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Rachael Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gislene Ganade
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Francesca Ganga
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Verónica Gargaglione
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Invetigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Eric Garnier
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Jose Luis Garrido
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - David Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | | | - Aelton Giroldo
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Crateús, Brazil
| | | | - Sean Gleason
- Water Management and Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mariana Gliesch
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emma Goldberg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bastian Göldel
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Andrés González-Melo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ana González-Robles
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Elena Granda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Walton A Green
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Gregor
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gross
- UCA, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Greg R Guerin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Alvaro G Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lillie Haddock
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Anna Haines
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jefferson Hall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Wenxuan Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | | | - Wesley Hattingh
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joseph E Hawes
- Applied Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Tianhua He
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Pengcheng He
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Aveliina Helm
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Hentschel
- Herbarium Haussknecht, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bruno Hérault
- Cirad, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National Polytehcnique Félix Houphouet-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
| | - Ana-Maria Hereş
- Department of Forest Sciences, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
- BC3 - Basque Centre for Climate Change, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Katharina Herz
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hickler
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Physical Geography, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andrew L Hipp
- The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, USA
- The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Maria Hock
- Institute for Ecosystem Research/Geobotany, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - James Aaron Hogan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Karen Holl
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Enqing Hou
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nate Hough-Snee
- Four Peaks Environmental Science and Data Solutions, Wenatchee, WA, USA
| | - Knut Anders Hovstad
- Department of Landscape and Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | | | - Boris Igić
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Estela Illa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Masae Ishihara
- Ashiu Forest Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Leonid Ivanov
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Larissa Ivanova
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | | | - Jordi Izquierdo
- Barcelona School of Agricultural Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Earth System Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Jackson
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
| | | | - Andrzej M Jagodzinski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kornik, Poland
- Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Jenkins
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - Anke Jentsch
- BayCEER, Department of Disturbance Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Guo-Feng Jiang
- Plant Ecophysiology & Evolution Group, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | | | | | - Eric J Jokela
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Grant Stuart Joseph
- Department of Zoology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Decky Junaedi
- Cibodas Botanical Garden - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Kebun Raya Cibodas, Cipanas, Indonesia
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA), School Of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Robert R Junker
- Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, Department Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Bioscience, University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eric Justes
- PERSYST Department, CIRAD, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Richard Kabzems
- BC Ministry Forest, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Dawson Creek, BC, Canada
| | | | - Zdenek Kaplan
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prùhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Teja Kattenborn
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- CAVElab - Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Kempel
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Mohammed I Khalil
- Department of Biology, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Nicole L Kinlock
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Wilm Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Thomas Kitzberger
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Rasmus Kjøller
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Kleyer
- Landscape Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Joice Klipel
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Brian Kloeppel
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resources, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Klotz
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Fumito Koike
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Christian König
- Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nathan J B Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Koen Kramer
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Land Life Company, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dushan Kumarathunge
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Plant Physiology Division, Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka
| | - Jonas Kuppler
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hiroko Kurokawa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Shem Kuyah
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jean-Paul Laclau
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Lafleur
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Erik Lallai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eric Lamb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrea Lamprecht
- GLORIA-Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel J Larkin
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Guerric le Maire
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Peter C le Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Tali Lee
- University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Frederic Lens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yuanzhi Li
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xine Li
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - Jun Ying Lim
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yan-Shih Lin
- Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Daijun Liu
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences - University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Joan Llusià
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Álvaro López-García
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dept. Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Zdeňka Lososová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frédérique Louault
- UCA, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Balázs A Lukács
- Department for Tisza River Research, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, DRI, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petr Lukeš
- Global Change Research Institute AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yunjian Luo
- Department of Ecology, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michele Lussu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Siyan Ma
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Michelle Mack
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Vincent Maire
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Institute of Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Azim Mallik
- Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuleica Marchetti
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FICH-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luca Marchino
- CREA - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Arezzo, Italy
| | | | - Eric Marcon
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana, France
| | - Michela Marignani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Adam Martin
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cristina Martínez-Garza
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Tereza Mašková
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Kelly Mason
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | - Norman Mason
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Tara Joy Massad
- Department of Scientific Services, Gorongosa National Park, Beira, Sofala Province, Mozambique
| | - Jacynthe Masse
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Itay Mayrose
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - James McCarthy
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Ian R McFadden
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mara Y McPartland
- Department of Geography, Environment & Society, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Belinda Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Zia Mehrabi
- Institute for Resources Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Julie Messier
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ilona Mészáros
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Juha Metsaranta
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chrysanthi Michelaki
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Svetlana Migalina
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | | | | | - Vanessa Minden
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ray Ming
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Angela T Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Attila Molnár
- Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Martin Molz
- Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Allegre, Brazil
| | | | - Arnaud Monty
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Biodiversity and landscape, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Lenka Moravcová
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Alvaro Moreno-Martínez
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, USA
| | - Marco Moretti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Akira S Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Dave Morris
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Morrison
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Ladislav Mucina
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Dept of Geography & Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sandra Mueller
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Cristina Müller
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - François Munoz
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- French Institute of Pondicherry, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Randall W Myster
- Biology Department, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | | | - Shawna Naidu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Ayyappan Narayanan
- Department of Ecology, French Institute of Pondicherry, Pondicherry, India
| | | | - Luka Negoita
- Galápagos Verde 2050, Charles Darwin Foundation, Charles Darwin Research Station, Galapagos, Ecuador
| | - Andrew S Nelson
- Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences Department, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Eike Lena Neuschulz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jian Ni
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Georg Niedrist
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jhon Nieto
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rachael Nolan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Yann Nouvellon
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexander Novakovskiy
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Kristin Odden Nystuen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, NORD University, Steinkjer, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Kevin O'Hara
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Simon Oakley
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | | | | | - Ricardo Oliveira
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kinga Öllerer
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Mark E Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Vladimir Onipchenko
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Faculty of Biology, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Renske E Onstein
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jenny C Ordonez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Equador
| | | | - Ivika Ostonen
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Sarah Otto
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Wim A Ozinga
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna T Pahl
- Restoration Ecology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Patacca
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Paula
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juraj Paule
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA-Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juli G Pausas
- Desertification Research Center (CIDE-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Peco
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Luis Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), CONICET, Rio Gallegos, Argentina
| | | | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Any Mary Petritan
- National Institute for Research-Development in Forestry, Voluntari, Romania
| | | | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Valério D Pillar
- Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jan Pisek
- Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | | | - Hendrik Poorter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Plant Sciences (IBG2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Peter Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - A Shafer Powell
- Environmental Sciences Division & Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andreas Prinzing
- Research Unit ECOBIO - Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution, Université Rennes 1/CNRS, Rennes, France
| | | | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Valerie Raevel
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- French Institute of Pondicherry, Puducherry, India
- CEFE, CNRS, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Anja Rammig
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Courtenay A Ray
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Douglas E B Reid
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | | | - Victor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences & Agrotecnio Center, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Matthias C Rillig
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fiamma Riviera
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Elisabeth M R Robert
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Wood Biology and Xylarium, Royal Museum for Central-Africa (RMCA), Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Scott Roberts
- Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Bjorn Robroek
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Roddy
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arthur Vinicius Rodrigues
- Programa de pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY, Upton, USA
| | - Emily Rollinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA
| | - Victor Rolo
- Forest Research Group, INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Christine Römermann
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dina Ronzhina
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julieta A Rosell
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Christian Rossi
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Unit Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Geoinformation, Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - David B Roy
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Nadja Rüger
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado
- Departamento de Dinamica y Gestion Forestal, INIA-CIFOR, Madrid, Spain
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabine B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Masahiro Ryo
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela Saldaña
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ignacio Santa-Regina
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Carolina Santacruz-García
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Joaquim Santos
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Schmidt
- Senckenberg Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
- Palmengarten der Stadt Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Julio V Schneider
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Entomology III, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon D Schowanek
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julian Schrader
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schurr
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Marina Semchenko
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Colleen Seymour
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Julia C Sfair
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Christine S Sheppard
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Satomi Shiodera
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bill Shipley
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Carlos Sierra
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Vasco Silva
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Professor Baeta Neves" (CEABN), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mateus Silva
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Sitzia
- Department Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Henrik Sjöman
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Darwin Sodhi
- Forest Sciences Centre, Faculty of Forestry and Conservation Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pamela Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Douglas Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ben Somers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre F Souza
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Marko Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Amanda B Stan
- Department of Geography, Planning and Recreation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - James Stegen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA-Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg G Stephan
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Dejan B Stojanovic
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Maria Laura Suarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ivana Svitková
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Svitok
- Department of Ecology and General Biology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emily Swaine
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Nathan Swenson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kentaro Takagi
- Teshio Experimental Forest, Hokkaido University, Horonobe, Japan
| | - Ulrike Tappeiner
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rubén Tarifa
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), La Cañada de San Urbano, Spain
| | - Simon Tauugourdeau
- SELMET, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, France
- CIRAD-UMR SELMET-PZZS, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Mariska Te Beest
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nelson Thiffault
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Dominik Thom
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Ken Thompson
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Lubomír Tichý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Yue Phin Tng
- Centre for Rainforest Studies, The School for Field Studies, Yungaburra, Qld, Australia
| | - Joseph Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK
| | - Péter Török
- MTA-DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tonantzin Tarin
- Department of Soil and Plant Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Béla Tóthmérész
- MTA-TKI Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Martina Treurnicht
- SAEON Fynbos Node, Claremont, South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Valeria Trivellone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Franck Trolliet
- Unit for Modelling of Climate and Biogeochemical Cycles, UR-SPHERES, University of Liège, Liège, Belgique
| | - Volodymyr Trotsiuk
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James L Tsakalos
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ioannis Tsiripidis
- School of Biology, Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Niklas Tysklind
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, France
| | | | - Vladimir Usoltsev
- Ural State Forest Engineering University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Botanical Garden of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Jamil Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Jana Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- College Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Elisa Van Cleemput
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Fons van der Plas
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | | | - Mark Vanderwel
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Kim André Vanselow
- Institute of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelica Vårhammar
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Varone
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maribel Yesenia Vasquez Valderrama
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota, Colombia
- Laboratorio de invasiones Biológicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Kiril Vassilev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mark Vellend
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Erik J Veneklaas
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab - Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Department of Environment, Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Ima Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jaime Villacís
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Cyrille Violle
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Pandi Vivek
- Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa, India
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Katrin Wagner
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Waldram
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anthony Waldron
- Zoology Department, Edward Grey Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, Cambridge Conservation Initiative, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division & Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Martyn Waller
- Department of Geography and Geology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Gabriel Walther
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Harry Watkins
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - James Watkins
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Ulrich Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - James T Weedon
- Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liping Wei
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evan Weiher
- University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Aidan W Wells
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
- Maritime and Science Technology Academy, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Wenk
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Philip John White
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mathew Williams
- School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel E Winkler
- University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Southwest Biological Science Center, U. S. Geological Survey, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Chevonne Womack
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Justin Wright
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bruno X Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Ximenes
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Keiko Yamaji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ruth Yanai
- SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Nikolay Yankov
- Botanical Garden of the Samara University, Samara, Russia
| | - Benjamin Yguel
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Amy E Zanne
- Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingming Zheng
- Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Chad R Zirbel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Georg Zizka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irié Casimir Zo-Bi
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Drake TW, Van Oost K, Barthel M, Bauters M, Hoyt AM, Podgorski DC, Six J, Boeckx P, Trumbore SE, Ntaboba LC, Spencer RGM. Mobilization of aged and biolabile soil carbon by tropical deforestation. Nat Geosci 2019; 12:541-546. [PMID: 31338120 PMCID: PMC6650295 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-019-0384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the mostly pristine Congo Basin, agricultural land-use change has intensified in recent years. One potential and understudied consequence of this deforestation and conversion to agriculture is the mobilization and loss of organic matter from soils to rivers as dissolved organic matter. Here, we quantify and characterize dissolved organic matter sampled from 19 catchments of varying deforestation extent near Lake Kivu over a two-week period during the wet season. Dissolved organic carbon from deforested, agriculturally-dominated catchments was older (14C age: ~1.5kyr) and more biolabile than from pristine forest catchments. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry revealed that this aged organic matter from deforested catchments was energy-rich and chemodiverse, with higher proportions of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing formulae. Given the molecular composition and biolability, we suggest that organic matter from deforested landscapes is preferentially respired upon disturbance, resulting in elevated in-stream concentrations of carbon dioxide. We estimate that while deforestation reduces the overall flux of dissolved organic carbon by ~56%, it does not significantly change the yield of biolabile dissolved organic carbon. Ultimately, the exposure of deeper soil horizons through deforestation and agricultural expansion releases old, previously stable, and biolabile soil organic carbon into the modern carbon cycle via the aquatic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W. Drake
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Geochemistry Group,
Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Corresponding author. tel.: +1-503-806-0727; Requests for
materials should be addressed to T.W.D.
()
| | - Kristof Van Oost
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain,
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Matti Barthel
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich,
Switzerland
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Green Chemistry and
Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab, Department of
Environment, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alison M. Hoyt
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA
| | - David C. Podgorski
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Geochemistry Group,
Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich,
Switzerland
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Green Chemistry and
Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Susan E. Trumbore
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA,
USA
| | - Landry Cizungu Ntaboba
- Faculty of Agronomy, Université Catholique de Bukavu, BP 285
Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Robert G. M. Spencer
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Geochemistry Group,
Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Bauters M, Vercleyen O, Vanlauwe B, Six J, Bonyoma B, Badjoko H, Hubau W, Hoyt A, Boudin M, Verbeeck H, Boeckx P. Long‐term recovery of the functional community assembly and carbon pools in an African tropical forest succession. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory—ISOFYSDepartment of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Gent Belgium
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology—CAVElabDepartment of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Gent Belgium
- Meise Botanic Garden, Domein Bouchout Meise Belgium
| | - Oscar Vercleyen
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory—ISOFYSDepartment of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Gent Belgium
| | - Bernard Vanlauwe
- Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research—CGIAR, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture–IITA Nairobi Kenya
| | - Johan Six
- Sustainable Agroecosystems GroupDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bernard Bonyoma
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomique—INERA Yangambi Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Henri Badjoko
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomique—INERA Yangambi Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Wannes Hubau
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren Belgium
| | - Alison Hoyt
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California
| | | | - Hans Verbeeck
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology—CAVElabDepartment of EnvironmentFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Gent Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory—ISOFYSDepartment of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Gent Belgium
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Kearsley E, Hufkens K, Verbeeck H, Bauters M, Beeckman H, Boeckx P, Huygens D. Large-sized rare tree species contribute disproportionately to functional diversity in resource acquisition in African tropical forest. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:4349-4361. [PMID: 31031910 PMCID: PMC6476792 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence is available for a positive effect of biodiversity on ecosystem productivity and standing biomass, also in highly diverse systems as tropical forests. Biodiversity conservation could therefore be a critical aspect of climate mitigation policies. There is, however, limited understanding of the role of individual species for this relationship, which could aid in focusing conservation efforts and forest management planning. This study characterizes the functional specialization and redundancy for 95% of all tree species (basal area weighted percentage) in a diverse tropical forest in the central Congo Basin and relates this to species' abundance, contribution to aboveground carbon, and maximum size. Functional characterization is based on a set of traits related to resource acquisition (wood density, specific leaf area, leaf carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content, and leaf stable carbon isotope composition). We show that within both mixed and monodominant tropical forest ecosystems, the highest functional specialization and lowest functional redundancy are solely found in rare tree species and significantly more in rare species holding large-sized individuals. Rare species cover the entire range of low and high functional redundancy, contributing both unique and redundant functions. Loss of species supporting functional redundancy could be buffered by other species in the community, including more abundant species. This is not the case for species supporting high functional specialization and low functional redundancy, which would need specific conservation attention. In terms of tropical forest management planning, we argue that specific conservation of large-sized trees is imperative for long-term maintenance of ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans Verbeeck
- Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of EnvironmentGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Dries Huygens
- Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Soil ScienceUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
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23
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Bauters M, Verbeeck H, Rütting T, Barthel M, Bazirake Mujinya B, Bamba F, Bodé S, Boyemba F, Bulonza E, Carlsson E, Eriksson L, Makelele I, Six J, Cizungu Ntaboba L, Boeckx P. Contrasting nitrogen fluxes in African tropical forests of the Congo Basin. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
- CAVElab, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology; Department of Environment; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology; Department of Environment; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Tobias Rütting
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Box 460 405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Matti Barthel
- Sustainable Agroecosystems; Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; Tannenstrasse 1 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Basile Bazirake Mujinya
- Laboratory of Soil Science; Department of General Agricultural Sciences; University of Lubumbashi; PO Box 1825 Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Fernando Bamba
- Faculté d'Agronomie; Université Catholique de Bukavu; Avenue de la Mission, Box 285 Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Samuel Bodé
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Faustin Boyemba
- Plant Department; Faculty of Science; Université de Kisangani; Kisangani Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Emmanuel Bulonza
- Faculté d'Agronomie; Université Catholique de Bukavu; Avenue de la Mission, Box 285 Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Elin Carlsson
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Box 460 405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Linnéa Eriksson
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Box 460 405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Isaac Makelele
- Faculté d'Agronomie; Université Catholique de Bukavu; Avenue de la Mission, Box 285 Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Johan Six
- Sustainable Agroecosystems; Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; Tannenstrasse 1 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Landry Cizungu Ntaboba
- Faculté d'Agronomie; Université Catholique de Bukavu; Avenue de la Mission, Box 285 Bukavu Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
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Bauters M, Drake TW, Verbeeck H, Bodé S, Hervé-Fernández P, Zito P, Podgorski DC, Boyemba F, Makelele I, Cizungu Ntaboba L, Spencer RGM, Boeckx P. High fire-derived nitrogen deposition on central African forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:549-554. [PMID: 29295919 PMCID: PMC5776982 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714597115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is an important determinant of N availability for natural ecosystems worldwide. Increased anthropogenic N deposition shifts the stoichiometric equilibrium of ecosystems, with direct and indirect impacts on ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycles. Current simulation data suggest that remote tropical forests still receive low atmospheric N deposition due to a lack of proximate industry, low rates of fossil fuel combustion, and absence of intensive agriculture. We present field-based N deposition data for forests of the central Congo Basin, and use ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry to characterize the organic N fraction. Additionally, we use satellite data and modeling for atmospheric N source apportionment. Our results indicate that these forests receive 18.2 kg N hectare-1 years-1 as wet deposition, with dry deposition via canopy interception adding considerably to this flux. We also show that roughly half of the N deposition is organic, which is often ignored in N deposition measurements and simulations. The source of atmospheric N is predominantly derived from intensive seasonal burning of biomass on the continent. This high N deposition has important implications for the ecology of the Congo Basin and for global biogeochemical cycles more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
- CAVElab, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Travis W Drake
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Geochemistry Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Samuel Bodé
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Pedro Hervé-Fernández
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Phoebe Zito
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Geochemistry Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - David C Podgorski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Geochemistry Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Faustin Boyemba
- Plant Department, Faculty of Science, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Isaac Makelele
- Plant Department, Faculty of Science, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Landry Cizungu Ntaboba
- Faculty of Agronomy, Université Catholique de Bukavu, BP 285 Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Geochemistry Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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25
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Bauters M, Mapenzi N, Kearsley E, Vanlauwe B, Boeckx P. Facultative nitrogen fixation by legumes in the central Congo basin is downregulated during late successional stages. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Bauters
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology; Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Neville Mapenzi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA); c/o ICIPE P.O. Box 30772-00100 Nairobi Kenya
- Centre de Recherche en Science Naturelles; Bukavu D R Congo
- Department of Geography; Kenyatta University; P.O. Box 43844-00100 Nairobi Kenya
| | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology; Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Bernard Vanlauwe
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA); c/o ICIPE P.O. Box 30772-00100 Nairobi Kenya
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
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26
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Doetterl S, Kearsley E, Bauters M, Hufkens K, Lisingo J, Baert G, Verbeeck H, Boeckx P. Correction: Aboveground vs. Belowground Carbon Stocks in African Tropical Lowland Rainforest: Drivers and Implications. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150681. [PMID: 26918854 PMCID: PMC4769354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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27
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Doetterl S, Kearsley E, Bauters M, Hufkens K, Lisingo J, Baert G, Verbeeck H, Boeckx P. Aboveground vs. Belowground Carbon Stocks in African Tropical Lowland Rainforest: Drivers and Implications. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143209. [PMID: 26599231 PMCID: PMC4657968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African tropical rainforests are one of the most important hotspots to look for changes in the upcoming decades when it comes to C storage and release. The focus of studying C dynamics in these systems lies traditionally on living aboveground biomass. Belowground soil organic carbon stocks have received little attention and estimates of the size, controls and distribution of soil organic carbon stocks are highly uncertain. In our study on lowland rainforest in the central Congo basin, we combine both an assessment of the aboveground C stock with an assessment of the belowground C stock and analyze the latter in terms of functional pools and controlling factors. Principal Findings Our study shows that despite similar vegetation, soil and climatic conditions, soil organic carbon stocks in an area with greater tree height (= larger aboveground carbon stock) were only half compared to an area with lower tree height (= smaller aboveground carbon stock). This suggests that substantial variability in the aboveground vs. belowground C allocation strategy and/or C turnover in two similar tropical forest systems can lead to significant differences in total soil organic C content and C fractions with important consequences for the assessment of the total C stock of the system. Conclusions/Significance We suggest nutrient limitation, especially potassium, as the driver for aboveground versus belowground C allocation. However, other drivers such as C turnover, tree functional traits or demographic considerations cannot be excluded. We argue that large and unaccounted variability in C stocks is to be expected in African tropical rain-forests. Currently, these differences in aboveground and belowground C stocks are not adequately verified and implemented mechanistically into Earth System Models. This will, hence, introduce additional uncertainty to models and predictions of the response of C storage of the Congo basin forest to climate change and its contribution to the terrestrial C budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Doetterl
- Ghent University, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent, Belgium
- Augsburg University, Department of Geography, Augsburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- Ghent University, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Ghent University, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Hufkens
- Harvard University, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Janvier Lisingo
- University of Kisangani, Faculty of Sciences, Kisangani, DR Congo
| | - Geert Baert
- Ghent University, Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Ghent University, Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Ghent University, Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent, Belgium
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Bauters M, Ampoorter E, Huygens D, Kearsley E, De Haulleville T, Sellan G, Verbeeck H, Boeckx P, Verheyen K. Functional identity explains carbon sequestration in a 77-year-old experimental tropical plantation. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es15-00342.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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29
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Van De Velde M, Vercauteren M, Stockman W, Roelants F, Coppens M, Bauters M, Ickx B, Dewandre PY, Soetens F, Cant P, Van Keer L, Gautier P. Recommendations and guidelines for obstetric anesthesia in Belgium. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 2013; 64:97-104. [PMID: 24279198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Van De Velde
- Department of anesthesiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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30
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Bauters M, Weuts A, Vandewalle J, Nevelsteen J, Marynen P, Van Esch H, Froyen G. Detection and validation of copy number variation in X-linked mental retardation. Cytogenet Genome Res 2009; 123:44-53. [PMID: 19287138 DOI: 10.1159/000184691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies to identify the genetic defects associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) in males have revealed tens of genes important for normal brain development and cognitive functioning in men. Despite extensive efforts in breakpoint cloning of chromosomal rearrangements and mutation screening of candidate genes on the X chromosome, still many XLMR families and sporadic cases remain unsolved. It is now clear that submicroscopic copy number changes on the X chromosome can explain about 5% of these idiopathic cases. Interestingly, beside gene deletions, an increase in gene dosage due to genomic duplications seems to contribute to causality more often than expected. Since larger duplications on the X chromosome are tolerated compared to deletions, they often harbour more than one gene hampering the identification of the causal gene. In contrast to copy number variations (CNVs) on autosomes, most disease-associated CNVs on the X chromosome in males are inherited from their mothers who normally do not present with any clinical symptoms due to non-random X inactivation. Here, we review the different methods applied to study copy number alterations on the X chromosome in patients with cognitive impairment, discuss those CNVs that are associated with disease and elaborate on the genes and mechanisms involved. At the end, we will resume in vivo assays to study the relation of CNVs on the X chromosome and mental disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bauters
- Human Genome Laboratory, Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, VIB Leuven, Belgium
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