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Cornwell WK, Levine BD. Unraveling the Unsolved Mysteries of the Athletic Heart. Circulation 2024; 149:1416-1418. [PMID: 38683901 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.124.064534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- William K Cornwell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora (W.K.C.)
- Clinical Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO (W.K.C.)
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (B.D.L.)
- Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Dallas (B.D.L.)
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Scheel PJ, Cubero Salazar IM, Friedman S, Haber L, Mukherjee M, Kauffman M, Weller A, Alkhunaizi F, Gilotra NA, Sharma K, Kilic A, Hassoun PM, Cornwell WK, Tedford RJ, Hsu S. Occult right ventricular dysfunction and right ventricular-vascular uncoupling in left ventricular assist device recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024; 43:594-603. [PMID: 38036276 PMCID: PMC10947813 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting right heart failure post left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is challenging. Sensitive pressure-volume loop assessments of right ventricle (RV) contractility may improve our appreciation of post-LVAD RV dysfunction. METHODS Thirteen LVAD patients and 20 reference (non-LVAD) subjects underwent comparison of echocardiographic, right heart cath hemodynamic, and pressure-volume loop-derived assessments of RV contractility using end-systolic elastance (Ees), RV afterload by effective arterial elastance (Ea), and RV-pulmonary arterial coupling (ratio of Ees/Ea). RESULTS LVAD patients had lower RV Ees (0.20 ± 0.08 vs 0.30 ± 0.15 mm Hg/ml, p = 0.01) and lower RV Ees/Ea (0.37 ± 0.14 vs 1.20 ± 0.54, p < 0.001) versus reference subjects. Low RV Ees correlated with reduced RV septal strain, an indicator of septal contractility, in both the entire cohort (r = 0.68, p = 0.004) as well as the LVAD cohort itself (r = 0.78, p = 0.02). LVAD recipients with low RV Ees/Ea (below the median value) demonstrated more clinical heart failure (71% vs 17%, p = 0.048), driven by an inability to augment RV Ees (0.22 ± 0.11 vs 0.19 ± 0.02 mm Hg/ml, p = 0.95) to accommodate higher RV Ea (0.82 ± 0.38 vs 0.39 ± 0.08 mm Hg/ml, p = 0.002). Pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) best identified low baseline RV Ees/Ea (≤0.35) in LVAD patients ((area under the curve) AUC = 0.80); during the ramp study, change in PAPi also correlated with change in RV Ees/Ea (r = 0.58, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS LVAD patients demonstrate occult intrinsic RV dysfunction. In the setting of excess RV afterload, LVAD patients lack the RV contractile reserve to maintain ventriculo-vascular coupling. Depression in RV contractility may be related to LVAD left ventricular unloading, which reduces septal contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Scheel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ilton M Cubero Salazar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samuel Friedman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Leora Haber
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Monica Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew Kauffman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexandra Weller
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fatimah Alkhunaizi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nisha A Gilotra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ahmet Kilic
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Paul M Hassoun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William K Cornwell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ryan J Tedford
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Steven Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Forbes LM, Bull TM, Lahm T, Sisson T, O'Gean K, Lawley JS, Hunter K, Levine BD, Lovering A, Roach RC, Subudhi AW, Cornwell WK. Right ventricular performance during acute hypoxic exercise. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38409819 DOI: 10.1113/jp284943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute hypoxia increases pulmonary arterial (PA) pressures, though its effect on right ventricular (RV) function is controversial. The objective of this study was to characterize exertional RV performance during acute hypoxia. Ten healthy participants (34 ± 10 years, 7 males) completed three visits: visits 1 and 2 included non-invasive normoxic (fraction of inspired oxygen (F i O 2 ${F_{{\mathrm{i}}{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ ) = 0.21) and isobaric hypoxic (F i O 2 ${F_{{\mathrm{i}}{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ = 0.12) cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to determine normoxic/hypoxic maximal oxygen uptake (V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{max}}}}$ ). Visit 3 involved invasive haemodynamic assessments where participants were randomized 1:1 to either Swan-Ganz or conductance catheterization to quantify RV performance via pressure-volume analysis. Arterial oxygen saturation was determined by blood gas analysis from radial arterial catheterization. During visit 3, participants completed invasive submaximal CPET testing at 50% normoxicV ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{max}}}}$ and again at 50% hypoxicV ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{max}}}}$ (F i O 2 ${F_{{\mathrm{i}}{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ = 0.12). Median (interquartile range) values for non-invasiveV ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{max}}}}$ values during normoxic and hypoxic testing were 2.98 (2.43, 3.66) l/min and 1.84 (1.62, 2.25) l/min, respectively (P < 0.0001). Mean PA pressure increased significantly when transitioning from rest to submaximal exercise during normoxic and hypoxic conditions (P = 0.0014). Metrics of RV contractility including preload recruitable stroke work, dP/dtmax , and end-systolic pressure increased significantly during the transition from rest to exercise under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Ventricular-arterial coupling was maintained during normoxic exercise at 50%V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{max}}}}$ . During submaximal exercise at 50% of hypoxicV ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{max}}}}$ , ventricular-arterial coupling declined but remained within normal limits. In conclusion, resting and exertional RV functions are preserved in response to acute exposure to hypoxia at anF i O 2 ${F_{{\mathrm{i}}{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ = 0.12 and the associated increase in PA pressures. KEY POINTS: The healthy right ventricle augments contractility, lusitropy and energetics during periods of increased metabolic demand (e.g. exercise) in acute hypoxic conditions. During submaximal exercise, ventricular-arterial coupling decreases but remains within normal limits, ensuring that cardiac output and systemic perfusion are maintained. These data describe right ventricular physiological responses during submaximal exercise under conditions of acute hypoxia, such as occurs during exposure to high altitude and/or acute hypoxic respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Forbes
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Todd M Bull
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tyler Sisson
- Clinical Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katie O'Gean
- Clinical Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Justin S Lawley
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Kendall Hunter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Lovering
- Department of Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Robert C Roach
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew W Subudhi
- Department of Physiology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - William K Cornwell
- Clinical Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Buchanan C, Buchanan C, Riordan M, Byrd J, Schulte M, Kohrt WM, Ambardekar AV, Allen LA, Wolfel G, Lawley J, Levine BD, Cornwell WK. Cardiopulmonary Performance Among Heart Failure Patients Before and After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. JACC Heart Fail 2024; 12:117-129. [PMID: 37632493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have persistent impairments in functional capacity after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) implantation. OBJECTIVES This study aims to characterize longitudinal changes in exercise hemodynamics and functional capacity among patients with HFrEF before and after CF-LVAD implantation. METHODS Ten patients underwent 3 invasive cardiopulmonary exercise tests on upright cycle ergometry with pulmonary artery catheterization: 1) Visit 1 before CF-LVAD implantation; 2) Visit 2 after device implantation with CF-LVAD pump speed held constant at baseline speed; and 3) Visit 3 with increases in pump speed during exercise (median: 1,050 rpm [IQR: 750-1,150 rpm] and 220 rpm [IQR: 120-220 rpm] for HeartMate 3 and HeartWare VAD, respectively). Hemodynamics and direct Fick cardiac output were monitored using pulmonary artery catheterization. Gas exchange metrics were determined using indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Maximal oxygen uptake (Visits 1, 2, and 3: 10.8 ± 2.5 mL/kg/min, 10.7 ± 2.2 mL/kg/min, and 11.5 ± 1.7 mL/kg/min; P = 0.92) did not improve after device implantation. Mean pulmonary arterial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures increased significantly during submaximal and peak exercise on preimplantation testing (P < 0.01 for rest vs peak exercise) and remained elevated, with minimal change on Visits 2 and 3 regardless of whether pump speed was fixed or increased. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with HFrEF, cardiovascular hemodynamics and exercise capacity were similar after CF-LVAD implantation, regardless of whether patients exercised at fixed or adjusted pump speeds during exercise. Further research is needed to determine methods by which LVADs may alleviate the HFrEF syndrome after device implantation. (Effect of mechanIcal circulatoRy support ON exercise capacity aMong pAtieNts with heart failure [IRONMAN]; NCT03078972).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Buchanan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Collen Buchanan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Maeveen Riordan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica Byrd
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Margaret Schulte
- Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Medicine-Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amrut V Ambardekar
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Larry A Allen
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gene Wolfel
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Justin Lawley
- Department of Sport Science, Division of Physiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and the Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - William K Cornwell
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Stumph JD, Cornwell WK, Rosenberg MA, Khodaee M. Profound First-Degree Atrioventricular Block in a High-Level Basketball Athlete. Sports Health 2023:19417381231210297. [PMID: 37946461 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231210297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block (PR interval >200 ms) is commonly observed among screening electrocardiogram (ECG) in athletes. Profound first-degree AV block (PR interval >400 ms) and Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) second-degree AV block are generally uncommon and often require further workup on a case-by-case basis, particularly when there is concern for a structural cardiac abnormality. In this case, we present an example of an asymptomatic profound first-degree AV block with Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) second-degree AV block. Transthoracic echocardiogram and stress echocardiogram were unremarkable and the patient was cleared to participate in sports without any restriction. Physicians managing athletes should be aware of ECG features that require additional evaluation and cardiology consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Stumph
- OhioHealth, Primary Care Sports Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - William K Cornwell
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Clinical Translational Research Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael A Rosenberg
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Morteza Khodaee
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Orthopedics, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Edward JA, Peruri A, Rudofker E, Shamapant N, Parker H, Cotter R, Sabin K, Lawley J, Cornwell WK. Characteristics and Treatment of Exercise Intolerance in Patients With Long COVID. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2023; 43:400-406. [PMID: 37646620 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The post-acute sequalae of SARS-CoV-2, also known as "Long COVID," is characterized by profound fatigue, impaired functional capacity with post-exertional malaise, orthostatic intolerance, and tachycardia. At least 25-30% of individuals impacted by SARS-CoV-2 will go on to experience the Long COVID syndrome, underscoring the detrimental impact this condition has on society. Although efforts are underway to further understand risk factors for Long COVID and identify strategies to prevent disease development entirely, implementation of treatment strategies is warranted to alleviate symptom burden among those affected. This review provides a rationale for exercise prescriptions tailored to the Long COVID patient based on the pathophysiology underlying this syndrome, as well as the previously demonstrated benefits of exercise training in other similar populations whose clinical manifestations result from cardiac deconditioning. Herein, we discuss methods to tailor exercise protocols, accommodating exercise intolerance and post-exertional malaise that may otherwise limit the ability to participate in a training protocol, as well as data demonstrating that a focused exercise prescription may effectively alleviate symptom burden in these patients. Long COVID results, in large part, from deconditioning, which may result from as little as 20 hr of inactivity. Exercise prescriptions tailored to patients with Long COVID may effectively alleviate symptom burden associated with this condition and in the absence of overt contraindications should be considered in management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Edward
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology (Drs Edward, Rudofker, Shamapant, Parker, Cotter, and Cornwell and Ms Sabin) and Clinical Translational Research Center (Dr Cornwell), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Parkview Medical Center, Pueblo, Colorado (Dr Peruri); and Department of Sport Science, Division of Physiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (Dr Lawley)
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Edward JA, Parker H, Stöhr EJ, McDonnell BJ, O'Gean K, Schulte M, Lawley JS, Cornwell WK. Exertional Cardiac and Pulmonary Vascular Hemodynamics in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Card Fail 2023; 29:1276-1284. [PMID: 36871613 PMCID: PMC10477310 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exertional dyspnea is a cardinal manifestation of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but quantitative data regarding exertional hemodynamics are lacking. OBJECTIVES We sought to characterize exertional cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in patients with HFrEF. METHODS We studied 35 patients with HFrEF (59 ± 12 years old, 30 males) who completed invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Data were collected at rest, at submaximal exercise and at peak effort on upright cycle ergometry. Cardiovascular and pulmonary vascular hemodynamics were recorded. Fick cardiac output (Qc) was determined. Hemodynamic predictors of peak oxygen uptake (VO2) were identified. RESULTS Left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac index were 23% ± 8% and 2.9 ± 1.1 L/min/m2, respectively. Peak VO2 was 11.8 ± 3.3 mL/kg/min, and the ventilatory efficiency slope was 53 ± 13. Right atrial pressure increased from rest to peak exercise (4 ± 5 vs 7 ± 6 mmHg,). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased from rest to peak exercise (27 ± 13 vs 38 ± 14 mmHg). Pulmonary artery pulsatility index increased from rest to peak exercise, while pulmonary arterial capacitance and pulmonary vascular resistance declined. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HFrEF suffer from marked increases in filling pressures during exercise. These findings provide new insight into cardiopulmonary abnormalities contributing to impairments in exercise capacity in this population. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03078972.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Edward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Hugh Parker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Eric J Stöhr
- Leibniz University Hannover, COR-HELIX (Cardiovascular Regulation and Human Exercise Laboratory-Integration and Xploration), Hannover, Germany; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY, USA
| | - Barry J McDonnell
- Cardiovascular Physiology Research Group, Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Katie O'Gean
- Clinical Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Margaret Schulte
- Clinical Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Justin S Lawley
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Sport Science, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - William K Cornwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; Clinical Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.
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Forbes LM, Bull TM, Lahm T, Make BJ, Cornwell WK. Exercise Testing in the Risk Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension. Chest 2023; 164:736-746. [PMID: 37061028 PMCID: PMC10504600 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
TOPIC IMPORTANCE Right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension (PH) contributes to reduced exercise capacity, morbidity, and mortality. Exercise can unmask right ventricular dysfunction not apparent at rest, with negative implications for prognosis. REVIEW FINDINGS Among patients with pulmonary vascular disease, right ventricular afterload may increase during exercise out of proportion to increases observed among healthy individuals. Right ventricular contractility must increase to match the demands of increased afterload to maintain ventricular-arterial coupling (the relationship between contractility and afterload) and ultimately cardiac output. Impaired right ventricular contractile reserve leads to ventricular-arterial uncoupling, preventing cardiac output from increasing during exercise and limiting exercise capacity. Abnormal pulmonary vascular response to exercise can signify early pulmonary vascular disease and is associated with increased mortality. Impaired right ventricular contractile reserve similarly predicts poor outcomes, including reduced exercise capacity and death. Exercise provocation can be used to assess pulmonary vascular response to exercise and right ventricular contractile reserve. Noninvasive techniques (including cardiopulmonary exercise testing, transthoracic echocardiography, and cardiac MRI) as well as invasive techniques (including right heart catheterization and pressure-volume analysis) may be applied selectively to the screening, diagnosis, and risk stratification of patients with suspected or established PH. Further research is required to determine the role of exercise stress testing in the management of pulmonary vascular disease. SUMMARY This review describes the current understanding of clinical applications of exercise testing in the risk assessment of patients with suspected or established PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Forbes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Todd M Bull
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tim Lahm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Barry J Make
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - William K Cornwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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Aguilar-Trigueros CA, Krah FS, Cornwell WK, Zanne AE, Abrego N, Anderson IC, Andrew CJ, Baldrian P, Bässler C, Bissett A, Chaudhary VB, Chen B, Chen Y, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Deveautour C, Egidi E, Flores-Moreno H, Golan J, Heilmann-Clausen J, Hempel S, Hu Y, Kauserud H, Kivlin SN, Kohout P, Lammel DR, Maestre FT, Pringle A, Purhonen J, Singh BK, Veresoglou SD, Větrovský T, Zhang H, Rillig MC, Powell JR. Symbiotic status alters fungal eco-evolutionary offspring trajectories. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1523-1534. [PMID: 37330626 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite host-fungal symbiotic interactions being ubiquitous in all ecosystems, understanding how symbiosis has shaped the ecology and evolution of fungal spores that are involved in dispersal and colonization of their hosts has been ignored in life-history studies. We assembled a spore morphology database covering over 26,000 species of free-living to symbiotic fungi of plants, insects and humans and found more than eight orders of variation in spore size. Evolutionary transitions in symbiotic status correlated with shifts in spore size, but the strength of this effect varied widely among phyla. Symbiotic status explained more variation than climatic variables in the current distribution of spore sizes of plant-associated fungi at a global scale while the dispersal potential of their spores is more restricted compared to free-living fungi. Our work advances life-history theory by highlighting how the interaction between symbiosis and offspring morphology shapes the reproductive and dispersal strategies among living forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Aguilar-Trigueros
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Franz-Sebastian Krah
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Conservation Biology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - William K Cornwell
- Evolution & Ecology Research Center, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy E Zanne
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Nerea Abrego
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carrie J Andrew
- Biology Department, Oberlin College & Conservatory, Oberlin, Ohio, USA
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Claus Bässler
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Conservation Biology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrew Bissett
- Oceans and Atmosphere, CSIRO, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - V Bala Chaudhary
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun). Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Coline Deveautour
- AGHYLE Research Unit, Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Eleonora Egidi
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jacob Golan
- Departments of Botany and Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yajun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, China
| | - Håvard Kauserud
- Evogene, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie N Kivlin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Petr Kohout
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel R Lammel
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, Alicante, Spain
| | - Anne Pringle
- Departments of Botany and Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jenna Purhonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Global Centre for Land Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Tomáš Větrovský
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeff R Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Forbes LM, Bull TM, Lahm T, Lawley JS, Hunter K, Levine BD, Lovering A, Roach RC, Subudhi AW, Cornwell WK. Right Ventricular Response to Acute Hypoxia among Healthy Humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:333-336. [PMID: 37311248 PMCID: PMC10395728 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202303-0599le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Todd M. Bull
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Justin S. Lawley
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Benjamin D. Levine
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas
| | - Andrew Lovering
- Department of Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; and
| | | | - Andrew W. Subudhi
- Department of Physiology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Division of Cardiology
- Clinical Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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11
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Golbus JR, Lopez-Jimenez F, Barac A, Cornwell WK, Dunn P, Forman DE, Martin SS, Schorr EN, Supervia M. Digital Technologies in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023. [PMID: 37272365 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation has strong evidence of benefit across many cardiovascular conditions but is underused. Even for those patients who participate in cardiac rehabilitation, there is the potential to better support them in improving behaviors known to promote optimal cardiovascular health and in sustaining those behaviors over time. Digital technology has the potential to address many of the challenges of traditional center-based cardiac rehabilitation and to augment care delivery. This American Heart Association science advisory was assembled to guide the development and implementation of digital cardiac rehabilitation interventions that can be translated effectively into clinical care, improve health outcomes, and promote health equity. This advisory thus describes the individual digital components that can be delivered in isolation or as part of a larger cardiac rehabilitation telehealth program and highlights challenges and future directions for digital technology generally and when used in cardiac rehabilitation specifically. It is also intended to provide guidance to researchers reporting digital interventions and clinicians implementing these interventions in practice and to advance a framework for equity-centered digital health in cardiac rehabilitation.
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12
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Mesaglio T, Sauquet H, Coleman D, Wenk E, Cornwell WK. Photographs as an essential biodiversity resource: drivers of gaps in the vascular plant photographic record. New Phytol 2023; 238:1685-1694. [PMID: 36913725 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The photographic record is increasingly becoming an important biodiversity resource for primary research and conservation monitoring. However, globally, there are important gaps in this record even in relatively well-researched floras. To quantify the gaps in the Australian native vascular plant photographic record, we systematically surveyed 33 sources of well-curated species photographs, assembling a list of species with accessible and verifiable photographs, as well as the species for which this search failed. Of 21 077 Australian native species, 3715 lack a verifiable photograph across our 33 surveyed resources. There are three major geographic hotspots of unphotographed species in Australia, all far from current population centres. Many unphotographed species are small in stature or uncharismatic, and many are also recently described. The large number of recently described species without accessible photographs was surprising. There are longstanding efforts in Australia to organise the plant photographic record, but in the absence of a global consensus to treat photographs as an essential biodiversity resource, this has not become common practice. Many recently described species are small-range endemics and some have special conservation status. Completing the botanical photographic record across the globe will facilitate a virtuous feedback loop of more efficient identification, monitoring and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mesaglio
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Hervé Sauquet
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - David Coleman
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Wenk
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - William K Cornwell
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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13
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Wijas BJ, Cornwell WK, Letnic M. Herbivores disrupt the flow of food resources to termites in dryland ecosystems. Ecology 2023; 104:e4035. [PMID: 36938791 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Irruption of herbivore populations due to the extirpation of predators has led to dramatic changes in ecosystem functioning worldwide. Herbivores compete with other species for their primary source of nutrition, plant biomass. Such competition is typically considered to occur between species in closely related clades and functional groups but could also occur with detritivores that consume senescent plant biomass. Here, we test predictions that in ecosystems where herbivores are not regulated by predators, their indirect impacts on dead vegetation increase with primary productivity and extend to termites that feed on senescent vegetation. We compared dead vegetation cover and termite activity in herbivore exclosures and associated grazed plots at 3 locations situated along a rainfall gradient in arid Australia where kangaroo populations have irrupted. Dead vegetation cover and termite activity increased with rainfall in ungrazed plots but showed a negligible response to rainfall in grazed plots. Our results suggest that grazing can disrupt the flow of energy to detritivores and decouple the relationship between termite activity and primary productivity. Such disruption could have far-reaching impacts on arid ecosystems because many organisms sit within "brown food webs" that are sustained by energy derived from decomposition of senescent plant-tissues. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste J Wijas
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - William K Cornwell
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mike Letnic
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Cornelissen JHC, Cornwell WK, Freschet GT, Weedon JT, Berg MP, Zanne AE. Coevolutionary legacies for plant decomposition. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:44-54. [PMID: 35945074 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coevolution has driven speciation and evolutionary novelty in functional traits across the Tree of Life. Classic coevolutionary syndromes such as plant-pollinator, plant-herbivore, and host-parasite have focused strongly on the fitness consequences during the lifetime of the interacting partners. Less is known about the consequences of coevolved traits for ecosystem-level processes, in particular their 'afterlife' legacies for litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and the functional ecology of decomposers. We review the mechanisms by which traits resulting from coevolution between plants and their consumers, microbial symbionts, or humans, and between microbial decomposers and invertebrates, drive plant litter decomposition pathways and rates. This supports the idea that much of current global variation in the decomposition of plant material is a legacy of coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hans C Cornelissen
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Systems Ecology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - William K Cornwell
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Grégoire T Freschet
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Moulis, France
| | - James T Weedon
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Systems Ecology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matty P Berg
- A-LIFE, Ecology and Evolution Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amy E Zanne
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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15
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Callaghan CT, Mesaglio T, Ascher JS, Brooks TM, Cabras AA, Chandler M, Cornwell WK, Cristóbal Ríos-Málaver I, Dankowicz E, Urfi Dhiya’ulhaq N, Fuller RA, Galindo-Leal C, Grattarola F, Hewitt S, Higgins L, Hitchcock C, James Hung KL, Iwane T, Kahumbu P, Kendrick R, Kieschnick SR, Kunz G, Lee CC, Lin CT, Loarie S, Norman Medina M, McGrouther MA, Miles L, Modi S, Nowak K, Oktaviani R, Waswala Olewe BM, Pagé J, Petrovan S, saari C, Seltzer CE, Seregin AP, Sullivan JJ, Sumanapala AP, Takoukam A, Widness J, Willmott K, Wüster W, Young AN. The benefits of contributing to the citizen science platform iNaturalist as an identifier. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001843. [PMID: 36355752 PMCID: PMC9648699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the number of observations submitted to the citizen science platform iNaturalist continues to grow, it is increasingly important that these observations can be identified to the finest taxonomic level, maximizing their value for biodiversity research. Here, we explore the benefits of acting as an identifier on iNaturalist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey T. Callaghan
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle—Jena—Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle—Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail: (CTC); (TM)
| | - Thomas Mesaglio
- Centre for Ecosystem Science; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; Sydney, Australia
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail: (CTC); (TM)
| | - John S. Ascher
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas M. Brooks
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Analyn A. Cabras
- Coleoptera Research Center, Institute of Biodiversity and Environment, University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines
| | - Mark Chandler
- Earthwatch Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; Sydney, Australia
| | - Indiana Cristóbal Ríos-Málaver
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyaca, Colombia
| | - Even Dankowicz
- Biology Department; Brandeis University; Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carlos Galindo-Leal
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad: Ciudad de Mexico, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Florencia Grattarola
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Susan Hewitt
- Independent Researcher, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lila Higgins
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Colleen Hitchcock
- Biology Department; Brandeis University; Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keng-Lou James Hung
- Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Tony Iwane
- iNaturalist, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Samuel R. Kieschnick
- Urban Wildlife Biologist, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gernot Kunz
- Karl Franzens University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, Department of Biology, Graz, Austria
| | - Chien C. Lee
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Cheng-Tao Lin
- Department of Biological Resources, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Scott Loarie
- iNaturalist, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Milton Norman Medina
- Coleoptera Research Center, Institute of Biodiversity and Environment, University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines
| | - Mark A. McGrouther
- Senior Fellow, Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lera Miles
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shaunak Modi
- Coastal Conservation Foundation, Matunga West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Katarzyna Nowak
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Rahayu Oktaviani
- Yayasan Konservasi Ekosistem Alam Nusantara (KIARA), West Java, Indonesia
| | - Brian M. Waswala Olewe
- Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
- Baruk Yadiym Ecosphere, Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenya National Commission for UNESCO, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Pagé
- Canadian Wildlife Federation, Kanata, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silviu Petrovan
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - cassi saari
- Chicago Park District, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Carrie E. Seltzer
- iNaturalist, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Jon J. Sullivan
- Department of Pest-Management and Conservation, Lincoln University, New Zealand
| | - Amila P. Sumanapala
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Aristide Takoukam
- African Marine Mammal Conservation Organization (AMMCO), Kassala-Beach, Dizangue, Littoral, Cameroon
| | - Jane Widness
- Yale University Department of Anthropology, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Keith Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Wüster
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Alison N. Young
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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16
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Edward JA, Cerbin LP, Groves DW, Quaife RA, Hunter KS, Levine BD, Cornwell WK. Right Ventricular Dysfunction During Endurance Exercise as Determined by Pressure-Volume Analysis. JACC Case Rep 2022; 4:1435-1438. [PMID: 36388707 PMCID: PMC9664012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A 37-year-old athlete completed invasive endurance (90 km) bicycle exercise testing for right ventricular pressure-volume analysis. Increased right ventricular afterload caused declines in ventricular-arterial coupling and cardiac output, causing increased arteriovenous oxygen difference to maintain oxygen uptake. These findings demonstrate effects of changes in right ventricular performance on exercise capacity. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. Edward
- Department of Medicine–Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lukasz P. Cerbin
- Department of Medicine–Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel W. Groves
- Department of Medicine–Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Radiology–Cardiothoracic Imaging, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert A. Quaife
- Department of Medicine–Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Radiology–Cardiothoracic Imaging, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kendall S. Hunter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Levine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Campus, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Department of Medicine–Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Clinical Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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17
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Rudofker EW, Parker H, Cornwell WK. An Exercise Prescription as a Novel Management Strategy for Treatment of Long COVID. JACC Case Rep 2022; 4:1344-1347. [PMID: 36278147 PMCID: PMC9580598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms causing the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (long COVID) remain elusive, but the clinical phenotype is consistent with cardiac deconditioning. We report a case series of patients with long COVID whose symptoms improved/resolved with exercise and present exercise training as a novel therapeutic strategy for management of long COVID syndrome. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W. Rudofker
- Department of Medicine–Cardiology, University of Colorado Division of Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hugh Parker
- Department of Medicine–Cardiology, University of Colorado Division of Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Department of Medicine–Cardiology, University of Colorado Division of Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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18
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Huang J, McDonnell BJ, Lawley JS, Byrd J, Stöhr EJ, Cornwell WK. Impact of Mechanical Circulatory Support on Exercise Capacity in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2022; 50:222-229. [PMID: 36095073 PMCID: PMC9475848 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 6 million individuals have heart failure in the United States alone and 15 million in Europe. Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) improve survival in these patients, but functional capacity may not fully improve. This article examines the hypothesis that patients supported by LVAD experience persistent reductions in functional capacity and explores mechanisms accounting for abnormalities in exercise tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Huang
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology. University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Barry J. McDonnell
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff UK
| | - Justin S. Lawley
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck Austria
| | - Jessica Byrd
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology. University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
| | - Eric J. Stöhr
- Faculty of Philosophical Sciences, Institute of Sport Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology. University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
- Clinical Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO
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19
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Kanwar MK, Selzman CH, Ton VK, Miera O, Cornwell WK, Antaki J, Drakos S, Shah P. Clinical myocardial recovery in advanced heart failure with long term left ventricular assist device support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:1324-1334. [PMID: 35835680 PMCID: PMC10257189 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular assist-device (LVAD) implantation is a life-saving therapy for patients with advanced heart failure (HF). With chronic unloading and circulatory support, LVAD-supported hearts often show significant reverse remodeling at the structural, cellular and molecular level. However, translation of these changes into meaningful cardiac recovery allowing LVAD explant is lagging. Part of the reason for this discrepancy is lack of anticipation and hence promotion and evaluation for recovery post LVAD implant. There is additional uncertainty about the long-term course of HF following LVAD explant. In selected patients, however, guided by the etiology of HF, duration of disease and other clinical factors, significant functional improvement and LVAD explantation with long-term freedom from recurrent HF events has been demonstrated to be feasible in a reproducible manner. The identified predictors of myocardial recovery suggest that the elective therapeutic use of potentially less invasive VADs for reversal of HF earlier in the disease process is a future goal that warrants further investigation. Hence, it is prudent to develop and implement tools to predict HF reversibility prior to LVAD implant, optimize unloading-promoted recovery with guideline directed medical therapy and monitor for myocardial improvement. This review article summarizes the clinical aspects of myocardial recovery and together with its companion review article focused on the biological aspects of recovery, they aim to provide a useful framework for clinicians and investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manreet K Kanwar
- Cardiovascular Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Craig H Selzman
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Van-Khue Ton
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland
| | - Oliver Miera
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - William K Cornwell
- Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James Antaki
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Stavros Drakos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Palak Shah
- Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia
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20
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Zanne AE, Flores-Moreno H, Powell JR, Cornwell WK, Dalling JW, Austin AT, Classen AT, Eggleton P, Okada KI, Parr CL, Adair EC, Adu-Bredu S, Alam MA, Alvarez-Garzón C, Apgaua D, Aragón R, Ardon M, Arndt SK, Ashton LA, Barber NA, Beauchêne J, Berg MP, Beringer J, Boer MM, Bonet JA, Bunney K, Burkhardt TJ, Carvalho D, Castillo-Figueroa D, Cernusak LA, Cheesman AW, Cirne-Silva TM, Cleverly JR, Cornelissen JHC, Curran TJ, D'Angioli AM, Dallstream C, Eisenhauer N, Evouna Ondo F, Fajardo A, Fernandez RD, Ferrer A, Fontes MAL, Galatowitsch ML, González G, Gottschall F, Grace PR, Granda E, Griffiths HM, Guerra Lara M, Hasegawa M, Hefting MM, Hinko-Najera N, Hutley LB, Jones J, Kahl A, Karan M, Keuskamp JA, Lardner T, Liddell M, Macfarlane C, Macinnis-Ng C, Mariano RF, Méndez MS, Meyer WS, Mori AS, Moura AS, Northwood M, Ogaya R, Oliveira RS, Orgiazzi A, Pardo J, Peguero G, Penuelas J, Perez LI, Posada JM, Prada CM, Přívětivý T, Prober SM, Prunier J, Quansah GW, Resco de Dios V, Richter R, Robertson MP, Rocha LF, Rúa MA, Sarmiento C, Silberstein RP, Silva MC, Siqueira FF, Stillwagon MG, Stol J, Taylor MK, Teste FP, Tng DYP, Tucker D, Türke M, Ulyshen MD, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, van den Berg E, van Logtestijn RSP, Veen GFC, Vogel JG, Wardlaw TJ, Wiehl G, Wirth C, Woods MJ, Zalamea PC. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates. Science 2022; 377:1440-1444. [PMID: 36137034 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)-even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth's surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Zanne
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Habacuc Flores-Moreno
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeff R Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - William K Cornwell
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James W Dalling
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Amy T Austin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aimée T Classen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul Eggleton
- The Soil Biodiversity Group, Entomology Department, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Kei-Ichi Okada
- Department of Northern Biosphere Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Japan
| | - Catherine L Parr
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa
| | - E Carol Adair
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Stephen Adu-Bredu
- Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Services Division, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi Ashanti Region, Ghana.,Department of Natural Resources Management, CSIR College of Science and Technology, Kumasi Ashanti Region, Ghana
| | - Md Azharul Alam
- Department of Pest-management and Conservation, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Carolina Alvarez-Garzón
- Departamento de Biología/Ecología/Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional y Ecosistémica, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Deborah Apgaua
- Centre for Rainforest Studies, The School for Field Studies, Yungaburra, QLD, Australia
| | - Roxana Aragón
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán-CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Ardon
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Stefan K Arndt
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise A Ashton
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nicholas A Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Jacques Beauchêne
- UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRA, Universite des Antilles, Universite de Guyane, CIRAD, Kourou, France
| | - Matty P Berg
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Amsterdam Institute of Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Community and Conservation Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jason Beringer
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Matthias M Boer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Katherine Bunney
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tynan J Burkhardt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dulcinéia Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Dennis Castillo-Figueroa
- Biology Department/Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Biology Department/Faculty of Natural Sciences/Functional and Ecosystem Ecology Lab, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander W Cheesman
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Tainá M Cirne-Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Jamie R Cleverly
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Systems Ecology Section, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timothy J Curran
- Department of Pest-management and Conservation, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - André M D'Angioli
- Programa de pós-graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Nico Eisenhauer
- Experimental Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Alex Fajardo
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Romina D Fernandez
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán-CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Astrid Ferrer
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Marco A L Fontes
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Grizelle González
- International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Río Piedras, PR, USA
| | - Felix Gottschall
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter R Grace
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elena Granda
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Hannah M Griffiths
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mariana Guerra Lara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Motohiro Hasegawa
- Department of Environmental System Science/Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Mariet M Hefting
- Department of Biology/Faculty of Science/Ecology and Biodiversity, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nina Hinko-Najera
- Faculty of Science/School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC, Australia
| | - Lindsay B Hutley
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anja Kahl
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mirko Karan
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,Ecosystem Processes, TERN (Australian Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network), Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Joost A Keuskamp
- Biont Research, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tim Lardner
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Liddell
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Cate Macinnis-Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ravi F Mariano
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - M Soledad Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Wayne S Meyer
- School of Biological Sciences, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aloysio S Moura
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Matthew Northwood
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Romà Ogaya
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Pardo
- Department of Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canadá
| | - Guille Peguero
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, Bellaterra Barcelona, Spain.,Global Ecology Unit, CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis I Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Posada
- Biology Department/Functional and Ecosystem Ecology Lab, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC, Colombia
| | - Cecilia M Prada
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tomáš Přívětivý
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Brno, Czechia
| | - Suzanne M Prober
- Land and Water, CSIRO, Wembley, WA, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan Prunier
- UMR ECOFOG/Laboratoire des Sciences du Bois, CNRS, Kourou GF, France
| | - Gabriel W Quansah
- Soil Analytical Services, Soil Testing Laboratory, CSIR-Soil Research Institute, Kumasi Ashanti Region, Ghana
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lérida, Spain.,School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Ronny Richter
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mark P Robertson
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lucas F Rocha
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Megan A Rúa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Carolina Sarmiento
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Richard P Silberstein
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Mateus C Silva
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Matthew Glenn Stillwagon
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jacqui Stol
- Land and Water, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Melanie K Taylor
- Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA, USA.,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - François P Teste
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis (IMASL), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - David Y P Tng
- Centre for Rainforest Studies, The School for Field Studies, Yungaburra, QLD, Australia
| | - David Tucker
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Manfred Türke
- Experimental Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Center of Tropical Biodiversity, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo van den Berg
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | - G F Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jason G Vogel
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Wardlaw
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Georg Wiehl
- Land and Water, CSIRO, Wembley, WA, Australia
| | - Christian Wirth
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michaela J Woods
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Paul-Camilo Zalamea
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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21
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Rao P, Peritz DC, Systrom D, Lewine K, Cornwell WK, Hsu JJ. Orthostatic and Exercise Intolerance in Recreational and Competitive Athletes With Long COVID. JACC Case Rep 2022; 4:1119-1123. [PMID: 36090156 PMCID: PMC9450930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (PASC) infection is particularly concerning to athletes who place a high premium on cardiovascular performance and competition. This initial case series shows the overlap between PASC and orthostatic intolerance in athletes, reveals the diagnostic challenges, and highlights the role of graded exercise training in this population. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Address for correspondence: Dr Prashant Rao, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 185 Pilgrim Road, Deaconess 309, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
| | - David C. Peritz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - David Systrom
- Division of Pulmonology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine Lewine
- Division of Pulmonology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California, USA
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22
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Cornwell WK, Pal JD. What's Old Is New Again. Ann Thorac Surg 2022; 114:167. [PMID: 34450177 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William K Cornwell
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, 12631 E 17th Ave, MSC310, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jay D Pal
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, 12631 E 17th Ave, MSC310, Aurora, CO 80045.
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23
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Babcock MC, DuBose LE, Hildreth KL, Stauffer BL, Cornwell WK, Kohrt WM, Moreau KL. Age-associated reductions in cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity are exaggerated in middle-aged and older men with low testosterone. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:403-415. [PMID: 35771224 PMCID: PMC9359637 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00245.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with reductions in cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS), which increases cardiovascular disease risk. Preclinical data indicate that low testosterone reduces cBRS. We determined whether low testosterone is associated with reduced cBRS in healthy men. METHODS Twenty-six men categorized as young (N=6; age=31±4 years; testosterone=535±60 ng/dL), middle-aged/older with normal (N=10; aged 56±3 years; testosterone=493±85 ng/dL), or low (N=10; age=57±6 years; testosterone=262±31 ng/dL) testosterone underwent recordings of beat-by-beat blood pressure and R-R interval during rest and two Valsalva maneuvers, and measures of carotid artery compliance. IL-6, CRP, oxidized LDL cholesterol and TAS were measured. RESULTS Middle-aged/older men had lower cBRS compared to young men (17.0±6.5 ms/mmHg; p=0.028); middle-age/older men with low testosterone had lower cBRS (5.5±3.2 ms/mmHg; p=0.039) compared to age-matched men with normal testosterone (10.7±4.0 ms/mmHg). No differences existed among groups during Phase II of the Valsalva maneuver; middle-aged/older men with low testosterone had reduced cBRS (4.7±2.6 ms/mmHg) compared to both young (12.8±2.8ms/mmHg; p<0.001) and middle-aged/older men with normal testosterone (8.6±4.4ms/mmHg; p=0.046) during Phase IV of the Valsalva maneuver. There were no differences in oxidized LDL, (p=0.882) or TAS across groups (p=0.633). IL-6 was significantly higher in middle-aged/older men with low testosterone compared to the other groups (p<0.05 for all) and inversely correlated with cBRS (r=-0.594, p=0.007). Middle-aged/older men had reduced carotid artery compliance compared to young, regardless of testosterone status (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that low testosterone in middle-aged/older men may contribute to a reduction in cBRS; increased inflammation may also contribute to a reduction in cBRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Babcock
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Lyndsey E DuBose
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kerry L Hildreth
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - William K Cornwell
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, United States
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24
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Amin SB, Hansen AB, Mugele H, Simpson LL, Marume K, Moore JP, Cornwell WK, Lawley JS. High intensity exercise and passive hot water immersion cause similar post intervention changes in peripheral and cerebral shear. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:390-402. [PMID: 35708700 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00780.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive hot water immersion (PHWI) provides a peripheral vasculature shear stimulus comparable to low intensity exercise within the active skeletal muscle, whereas moderate and high intensity exercise elicit substantially greater shear rates in the peripheral vasculature, likely conferring greater vascular benefits. Few studies have compared post intervention shear rates in the peripheral and cerebral vasculature following high intensity exercise and PHWI, especially considering that the post intervention recovery period represents a key window in which adaptation occurs. Therefore, we aimed to compare shear rates in the internal carotid artery (ICA), vertebral artery (VA) and common femoral artery (CFA) between high intensity exercise and PHWI for up to 80 minutes post intervention. Fifteen healthy (27 ± 4 years), moderately trained individuals underwent three-time matched interventions in a randomised order which included 30 minutes of whole-body immersion in a 42°C hot bath, 30 minutes of treadmill running and 5x4 minute high intensity intervals (HIIE). There were no differences in ICA (P= 0.4643) and VA (P=0.1940) shear rates between PHWI and exercise (both continuous and HIIE) post intervention. All three interventions elicited comparable increases in CFA shear rate post intervention (P=0.0671), however, CFA shear rate was slightly higher 40 minutes post threshold running (P=0.0464) and, slightly higher, although not statically for HIIE (P=0.0565) compared with PHWI. Our results suggest that time and core temperature matched high intensity exercise and PHWI elicit limited changes in cerebral shear and comparable increases in peripheral vasculature shear rates when measured for up to 80 minutes post intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin B Amin
- University Innsbruck, Department Sport Science, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Hendrik Mugele
- University Innsbruck, Department Sport Science, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lydia L Simpson
- University Innsbruck, Department Sport Science, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kyohei Marume
- University Innsbruck, Department Sport Science, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jonathan P Moore
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - William K Cornwell
- Department of Medicine - Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO, United States.,Clinical and Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO, United States
| | - Justin S Lawley
- University Innsbruck, Department Sport Science, Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Abstract
Ischemic heart disease and stroke are the number 1 and number 2 causes of death worldwide, respectively. A lifelong commitment to exercise reduces the risk of these adverse events and is also associated with several cardiometabolic improvements, including reductions in blood pressure, cholesterol, and inflammatory markers, as well as improved glucose control. Routine exercise also reduces the risk of developing comorbidities that increase the risk of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. While the benefits of a lifelong commitment to exercise are well documented, there is a complex interaction between exercise and stroke risk, such that the risk of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke may increase acutely during or immediately following exercise. In this article, we discuss the physiological responses to different types of exercise, as well as the determinants of resting and exertional cerebrovascular perfusion, and explore the complex interaction between atrial fibrillation, exercise, and stroke risk. Finally, we highlight the increased risk of stroke during different types of exercise, as well as factors that may alleviate this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Edward
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora. (J.A.E., W.K.C.)
| | - William K Cornwell
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora. (J.A.E., W.K.C.).,Clinical Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora. (W.K.C.)
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26
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Gluckman TJ, Bhave NM, Allen LA, Chung EH, Spatz ES, Ammirati E, Baggish AL, Bozkurt B, Cornwell WK, Harmon KG, Kim JH, Lala A, Levine BD, Martinez MW, Onuma O, Phelan D, Puntmann VO, Rajpal S, Taub PR, Verma AK. 2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Cardiovascular Sequelae of COVID-19 in Adults: Myocarditis and Other Myocardial Involvement, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Return to Play. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79:1717-1756. [PMID: 35307156 PMCID: PMC8926109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Lee M, Powell JR, Oberle B, Unda F, Mansfield SD, Dalrymple R, Rigg J, Cornwell WK, Zanne AE. Initial wood trait variation overwhelms endophyte community effects for explaining decay trajectories. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC United States
| | - Jeff R. Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western Sydney Hawkesbury Australia
| | - Brad Oberle
- Division of Natural Sciences New College of Florida Sarasota FL United States
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Shawn D. Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Rhiannon Dalrymple
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Jessica Rigg
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute Department of Primary Industries NSW Meanagle Australia
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Amy E. Zanne
- Department of Biological Sciences The George Washington University Washington DC United States
- Department of Biology University of Miami Miami FL United States
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Brener MI, Masoumi A, Ng VG, Tello K, Bastos MB, Cornwell WK, Hsu S, Tedford RJ, Lurz P, Rommel KP, Kresoja KP, Nagueh SF, Kanwar MK, Kapur NK, Hiremath G, Sarraf M, Van Den Enden AJM, Van Mieghem NM, Heerdt PM, Hahn RT, Kodali SK, Sayer GT, Uriel N, Burkhoff D. Invasive Right Ventricular Pressure-Volume Analysis: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and Practical Recommendations. Circ Heart Fail 2022; 15:e009101. [PMID: 34963308 PMCID: PMC8766922 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.009101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Right ventricular pressure-volume (PV) analysis characterizes ventricular systolic and diastolic properties independent of loading conditions like volume status and afterload. While long-considered the gold-standard method for quantifying myocardial chamber performance, it was traditionally only performed in highly specialized research settings. With recent advances in catheter technology and more sophisticated approaches to analyze PV data, it is now more commonly used in a variety of clinical and research settings. Herein, we review the basic techniques for PV loop measurement, analysis, and interpretation with the aim of providing readers with a deeper understanding of the strengths and limitations of PV analysis. In the second half of the review, we detail key scenarios in which right ventricular PV analysis has influenced our understanding of clinically relevant topics and where the technique can be applied to resolve additional areas of uncertainty. All told, PV analysis has an important role in advancing our understanding of right ventricular physiology and its contribution to cardiovascular function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Brener
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.I.B., A.M., V.G.N., R.T.H., S.K.K., G.T.S., N.U., D.B.)
| | - Amirali Masoumi
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.I.B., A.M., V.G.N., R.T.H., S.K.K., G.T.S., N.U., D.B.)
| | - Vivian G Ng
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.I.B., A.M., V.G.N., R.T.H., S.K.K., G.T.S., N.U., D.B.)
| | - Khodr Tello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen, Germany (K.T.)
| | - Marcelo B Bastos
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.B.B., A.J.M.V.D.E., N.M.V.M.)
| | - William K Cornwell
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (W.K.C.)
| | - Steven Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (S.H.)
| | - Ryan J Tedford
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.J.T.)
| | - Philipp Lurz
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (P.L., K.-P.R., K.-P.K.)
| | - Karl-Philipp Rommel
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (P.L., K.-P.R., K.-P.K.)
| | - Karl-Patrik Kresoja
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany (P.L., K.-P.R., K.-P.K.)
| | - Sherif F Nagueh
- Section of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, TX (S.F.N.)
| | - Manreet K Kanwar
- Cardiovascular Institute, Alleghany Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA (M.K.K.)
| | - Navin K Kapur
- Cardiovascular Center and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.K.K.)
| | - Gurumurthy Hiremath
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis (G.H.)
| | | | - Antoon J M Van Den Enden
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.B.B., A.J.M.V.D.E., N.M.V.M.)
| | - Nicolas M Van Mieghem
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.B.B., A.J.M.V.D.E., N.M.V.M.)
| | - Paul M Heerdt
- Division of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (P.M.H.)
| | - Rebecca T Hahn
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.I.B., A.M., V.G.N., R.T.H., S.K.K., G.T.S., N.U., D.B.)
| | - Susheel K Kodali
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.I.B., A.M., V.G.N., R.T.H., S.K.K., G.T.S., N.U., D.B.)
| | - Gabriel T Sayer
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.I.B., A.M., V.G.N., R.T.H., S.K.K., G.T.S., N.U., D.B.)
| | - Nir Uriel
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.I.B., A.M., V.G.N., R.T.H., S.K.K., G.T.S., N.U., D.B.)
| | - Daniel Burkhoff
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.I.B., A.M., V.G.N., R.T.H., S.K.K., G.T.S., N.U., D.B.)
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY (D.B.)
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Mallen‐Cooper M, Cornwell WK. Tissue chemistry of biocrust species along an aridity gradient and comparison to vascular plant leaves. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Mallen‐Cooper
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Baxter C, Mallen‐Cooper M, Lyons MB, Cornwell WK. Measuring reflectance of tiny organisms: The promise of species level biocrust remote sensing. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlan Baxter
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Max Mallen‐Cooper
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- Centre of Ecosystem Science School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Mitchell B. Lyons
- Centre of Ecosystem Science School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
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Cornwell WK, Baggish AL, Bhatta YKD, Brosnan MJ, Dehnert C, Guseh JS, Hammer D, Levine BD, Parati G, Wolfel EE. Clinical Implications for Exercise at Altitude Among Individuals With Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e023225. [PMID: 34496612 PMCID: PMC8649141 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of individuals travel to mountainous environments for work and pleasure. However, oxygen availability declines at altitude, and hypoxic environments place unique stressors on the cardiovascular system. These stressors may be exacerbated by exercise at altitude, because exercise increases oxygen demand in an environment that is already relatively oxygen deplete compared with sea‐level conditions. Furthermore, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, as well as diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, and lung disease, is high among individuals living in the United States. As such, patients who are at risk of or who have established cardiovascular disease may be at an increased risk of adverse events when sojourning to these mountainous locations. However, these risks may be minimized by appropriate pretravel assessments and planning through shared decision‐making between patients and their managing clinicians. This American Heart Association scientific statement provides a concise, yet comprehensive overview of the physiologic responses to exercise in hypoxic locations, as well as important considerations for minimizing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events during mountainous excursions.
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Falster D, Gallagher R, Wenk EH, Wright IJ, Indiarto D, Andrew SC, Baxter C, Lawson J, Allen S, Fuchs A, Monro A, Kar F, Adams MA, Ahrens CW, Alfonzetti M, Angevin T, Apgaua DMG, Arndt S, Atkin OK, Atkinson J, Auld T, Baker A, von Balthazar M, Bean A, Blackman CJ, Bloomfield K, Bowman DMJS, Bragg J, Brodribb TJ, Buckton G, Burrows G, Caldwell E, Camac J, Carpenter R, Catford JA, Cawthray GR, Cernusak LA, Chandler G, Chapman AR, Cheal D, Cheesman AW, Chen SC, Choat B, Clinton B, Clode PL, Coleman H, Cornwell WK, Cosgrove M, Crisp M, Cross E, Crous KY, Cunningham S, Curran T, Curtis E, Daws MI, DeGabriel JL, Denton MD, Dong N, Du P, Duan H, Duncan DH, Duncan RP, Duretto M, Dwyer JM, Edwards C, Esperon-Rodriguez M, Evans JR, Everingham SE, Farrell C, Firn J, Fonseca CR, French BJ, Frood D, Funk JL, Geange SR, Ghannoum O, Gleason SM, Gosper CR, Gray E, Groom PK, Grootemaat S, Gross C, Guerin G, Guja L, Hahs AK, Harrison MT, Hayes PE, Henery M, Hochuli D, Howell J, Huang G, Hughes L, Huisman J, Ilic J, Jagdish A, Jin D, Jordan G, Jurado E, Kanowski J, Kasel S, Kellermann J, Kenny B, Kohout M, Kooyman RM, Kotowska MM, Lai HR, Laliberté E, Lambers H, Lamont BB, Lanfear R, van Langevelde F, Laughlin DC, Laugier-Kitchener BA, Laurance S, Lehmann CER, Leigh A, Leishman MR, Lenz T, Lepschi B, Lewis JD, Lim F, Liu U, Lord J, Lusk CH, Macinnis-Ng C, McPherson H, Magallón S, Manea A, López-Martinez A, Mayfield M, McCarthy JK, Meers T, van der Merwe M, Metcalfe DJ, Milberg P, Mokany K, Moles AT, Moore BD, Moore N, Morgan JW, Morris W, Muir A, Munroe S, Nicholson Á, Nicolle D, Nicotra AB, Niinemets Ü, North T, O'Reilly-Nugent A, O'Sullivan OS, Oberle B, Onoda Y, Ooi MKJ, Osborne CP, Paczkowska G, Pekin B, Guilherme Pereira C, Pickering C, Pickup M, Pollock LJ, Poot P, Powell JR, Power SA, Prentice IC, Prior L, Prober SM, Read J, Reynolds V, Richards AE, Richardson B, Roderick ML, Rosell JA, Rossetto M, Rye B, Rymer PD, Sams MA, Sanson G, Sauquet H, Schmidt S, Schönenberger J, Schulze ED, Sendall K, Sinclair S, Smith B, Smith R, Soper F, Sparrow B, Standish RJ, Staples TL, Stephens R, Szota C, Taseski G, Tasker E, Thomas F, Tissue DT, Tjoelker MG, Tng DYP, de Tombeur F, Tomlinson K, Turner NC, Veneklaas EJ, Venn S, Vesk P, Vlasveld C, Vorontsova MS, Warren CA, Warwick N, Weerasinghe LK, Wells J, Westoby M, White M, Williams NSG, Wills J, Wilson PG, Yates C, Zanne AE, Zemunik G, Ziemińska K. AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora. Sci Data 2021; 8:254. [PMID: 34593819 PMCID: PMC8484355 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce the AusTraits database - a compilation of values of plant traits for taxa in the Australian flora (hereafter AusTraits). AusTraits synthesises data on 448 traits across 28,640 taxa from field campaigns, published literature, taxonomic monographs, and individual taxon descriptions. Traits vary in scope from physiological measures of performance (e.g. photosynthetic gas exchange, water-use efficiency) to morphological attributes (e.g. leaf area, seed mass, plant height) which link to aspects of ecological variation. AusTraits contains curated and harmonised individual- and species-level measurements coupled to, where available, contextual information on site properties and experimental conditions. This article provides information on version 3.0.2 of AusTraits which contains data for 997,808 trait-by-taxon combinations. We envision AusTraits as an ongoing collaborative initiative for easily archiving and sharing trait data, which also provides a template for other national or regional initiatives globally to fill persistent gaps in trait knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Falster
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Rachael Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Wenk
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dony Indiarto
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Caitlan Baxter
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - James Lawson
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, Australia
| | - Stuart Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Fuchs
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (a joint venture between Parks Australia and CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anna Monro
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (a joint venture between Parks Australia and CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Fonti Kar
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark A Adams
- Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Collin W Ahrens
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Alfonzetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Deborah M G Apgaua
- Centre for Rainforest Studies, School for Field Studies, Yungaburra, Queensland, 4872, Australia
| | | | - Owen K Atkin
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Joe Atkinson
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tony Auld
- NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, Parramatta, Australia
| | | | - Maria von Balthazar
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason Bragg
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - James Camac
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Alex R Chapman
- Western Australian Herbarium, Keiran McNamara Conservation Science Centre, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Western Australia, Kensington, Australia
| | - David Cheal
- Centre for Environmental Management, School of Health & Life Sciences, Federation University, Mount Helen, Australia
| | | | - Si-Chong Chen
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Richmond, Kew, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brook Clinton
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (a joint venture between Parks Australia and CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Helen Coleman
- Western Australian Herbarium, Keiran McNamara Conservation Science Centre, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Western Australia, Kensington, Australia
| | - William K Cornwell
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Michael Crisp
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Erika Cross
- Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Saul Cunningham
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Ellen Curtis
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew I Daws
- Environment Department, Alcoa of Australia, Huntly, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jane L DeGabriel
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
| | - Matthew D Denton
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Honglang Duan
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Richard P Duncan
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT, 2617, Canberra, Australia
| | - Marco Duretto
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
| | - John M Dwyer
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | | | - John R Evans
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Susan E Everingham
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jennifer Firn
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carlos Roberto Fonseca
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Natal - RN, Brazil
| | | | - Doug Frood
- Pathways Bushland and Environment Consultancy, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Funk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA
| | | | - Oula Ghannoum
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Carl R Gosper
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA, Australia
| | - Emma Gray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Saskia Grootemaat
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Greg Guerin
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Lydia Guja
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (a joint venture between Parks Australia and CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Amy K Hahs
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Martin Henery
- arks Australia, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Hobart, Australia
| | - Dieter Hochuli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | | | - Guomin Huang
- Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Lesley Hughes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Huisman
- Western Australian Herbarium, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Ashika Jagdish
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Jin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | | | - Enrique Jurado
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jürgen Kellermann
- State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Hackney Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | | | - Michele Kohout
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert M Kooyman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Martyna M Kotowska
- Department of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hao Ran Lai
- University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Hans Lambers
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | | | - Robert Lanfear
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Frank van Langevelde
- Wildlife Ecology & Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel C Laughlin
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Leigh
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Tanja Lenz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brendan Lepschi
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (a joint venture between Parks Australia and CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Felix Lim
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Christopher H Lusk
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Hannah McPherson
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susana Magallón
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Anthony Manea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrea López-Martinez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Margaret Mayfield
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | | | - Marlien van der Merwe
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Angela T Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ben D Moore
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Annette Muir
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha Munroe
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | | | - Dean Nicolle
- Currency Creek Arboretum, Currency Creek, Australia
| | | | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tom North
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (a joint venture between Parks Australia and CSIRO), Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | - Brad Oberle
- Division of Natural Sciences, New College of Florida, Sarasota, USA
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mark K J Ooi
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colin P Osborne
- University of Sheffield, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Grazyna Paczkowska
- Western Australian Herbarium, Keiran McNamara Conservation Science Centre, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Western Australia, Kensington, Australia
| | - Burak Pekin
- Istanbul Technical University, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Caio Guilherme Pereira
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pieter Poot
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeff R Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Read
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Victoria Reynolds
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | - Ben Richardson
- Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Western Australia, Kensington, Australia
| | | | - Julieta A Rosell
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Maurizio Rossetto
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
| | - Barbara Rye
- Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Western Australia, Kensington, Australia
| | - Paul D Rymer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael A Sams
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Gordon Sanson
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Hervé Sauquet
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Jürg Schönenberger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kerrie Sendall
- Rider University, Lawrence Township, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Steve Sinclair
- Department of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Smith
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renee Smith
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Ben Sparrow
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Rachel J Standish
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Timothy L Staples
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Ruby Stephens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Guy Taseski
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Tasker
- NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, Parramatta, Australia
| | | | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Yue Phin Tng
- Centre for Rainforest Studies, School for Field Studies, Yungaburra, Queensland, 4872, Australia
| | - Félix de Tombeur
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Susanna Venn
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Peter Vesk
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carolyn Vlasveld
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Charles A Warren
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | | | | | - Jessie Wells
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew White
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jarrah Wills
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Peter G Wilson
- National Herbarium of NSW and Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colin Yates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA, Australia
| | - Amy E Zanne
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146 USA, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | | | - Kasia Ziemińska
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Lee JS, Callaghan CT, Cornwell WK. Using citizen science to measure recolonisation of birds after the Australian 2019–2020 mega‐fires. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Lee
- Centre for Ecosystem Science School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Corey T. Callaghan
- Centre for Ecosystem Science School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Ecology & Evolution Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Centre for Ecosystem Science School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Ecology & Evolution Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- William K Cornwell
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology (W.K.C.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Eric J Stöhr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (E.J.S.).,School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK (E.J.S, B.J.M.)
| | - Barry J McDonnell
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK (E.J.S, B.J.M.)
| | - Keith Aaronson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (K.A.)
| | - Chris Hayward
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (C.H.)
| | - Jay D Pal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.D.P.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
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Gopinathannair R, Chen LY, Chung MK, Cornwell WK, Furie KL, Lakkireddy DR, Marrouche NF, Natale A, Olshansky B, Joglar JA. Managing Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2021; 14:HAE0000000000000078. [PMID: 34129347 DOI: 10.1161/hae.0000000000000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction are increasing in prevalence worldwide. Atrial fibrillation can precipitate and can be a consequence of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and cardiomyopathy. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure, when present together, are associated with worse outcomes. Together, these 2 conditions increase the risk of stroke, requiring oral anticoagulation in many or left atrial appendage closure in some. Medical management for rate and rhythm control of atrial fibrillation in heart failure remain hampered by variable success, intolerance, and adverse effects. In multiple randomized clinical trials in recent years, catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction has shown superiority in improving survival, quality of life, and ventricular function and reducing heart failure hospitalizations compared with antiarrhythmic drugs and rate control therapies. This has resulted in a paradigm shift in management toward nonpharmacological rhythm control of atrial fibrillation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The primary objective of this American Heart Association scientific statement is to review the available evidence on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation in relation to heart failure and to provide guidance on the latest advances in pharmacological and nonpharmacological management of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. The writing committee's consensus on the implications for clinical practice, gaps in knowledge, and directions for future research are highlighted.
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Abstract
Quantifying the abundance of species is essential to ecology, evolution, and conservation. The distribution of species abundances is fundamental to numerous longstanding questions in ecology, yet the empirical pattern at the global scale remains unresolved, with a few species' abundance well known but most poorly characterized. In large part because of heterogeneous data, few methods exist that can scale up to all species across the globe. Here, we integrate data from a suite of well-studied species with a global dataset of bird occurrences throughout the world-for 9,700 species (∼92% of all extant species)-and use missing data theory to estimate species-specific abundances with associated uncertainty. We find strong evidence that the distribution of species abundances is log left skewed: there are many rare species and comparatively few common species. By aggregating the species-level estimates, we find that there are ∼50 billion individual birds in the world at present. The global-scale abundance estimates that we provide will allow for a line of inquiry into the structure of abundance across biogeographic realms and feeding guilds as well as the consequences of life history (e.g., body size, range size) on population dynamics. Importantly, our method is repeatable and scalable: as data quantity and quality increase, our accuracy in tracking temporal changes in global biodiversity will increase. Moreover, we provide the methodological blueprint for quantifying species-specific abundance, along with uncertainty, for any organism in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey T Callaghan
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William K Cornwell
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Laitly A, Callaghan CT, Delhey K, Cornwell WK. Is color data from citizen science photographs reliable for biodiversity research? Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4071-4083. [PMID: 33976795 PMCID: PMC8093748 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Color research continuously demands better methods and larger sample sizes. Citizen science (CS) projects are producing an ever-growing geo- and time-referenced set of photographs of organisms. These datasets have the potential to make a huge contribution to color research, but the reliability of these data need to be tested before widespread implementation.We compared the difference between color extracted from CS photographs with that of color extracted from controlled lighting conditions (i.e., the current gold standard in spectrometry) for both birds and plants. First, we tested the ability of CS photographs to quantify interspecific variability by assessing > 9,000 CS photographs of 537 Australian bird species with controlled museum spectrometry data. Second, we tested the ability of CS photographs to quantify intraspecific variability by measuring petal color data for two plant species using seven methods/sources with varying levels of control.For interspecific questions, we found that by averaging out variability through a large sample size, CS photographs capture a large proportion of across species variation in plumage color within the visual part of the spectrum (R2 = 0.68-0.71 for RGB space and 0.72-0.77 for CIE-LAB space). Between 12 and 14 photographs per species are necessary to achieve this averaging effect for interspecific studies. Unsurprisingly, the CS photographs taken with commercial cameras failed to capture information in the UV part of the spectrum. For intraspecific questions, decreasing levels of control increase the color variation but averaging larger sample sizes can partially mitigate this, aside from particular issues related to saturation and irregularities in light capture.CS photographs offer a very large sample size across space and time which offers statistical power for many color research questions. This study shows that CS photographs contain data that lines up closely with controlled measurements within the visual spectrum if the sample size is large enough, highlighting the potential of CS photographs for both interspecific and intraspecific ecological or biological questions. With regard to analyzing color in CS photographs, we suggest, as a starting point, to measure multiple random points within the ROI of each photograph for both patterned and unpatterned patches and approach the recommended sample size of 12-14 photographs per species for interspecific studies. Overall, this study provides groundwork in analyzing the reliability of a novel method, which can propel the field of studying color forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Laitly
- Evolution and Ecology Research CentreSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Corey T. Callaghan
- Evolution and Ecology Research CentreSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Kaspar Delhey
- Max Planck Institute for OrnithologySeewiesenGermany
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Evolution and Ecology Research CentreSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
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38
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Taseski GM, Keith DA, Dalrymple RL, Cornwell WK. Shifts in fine root traits within and among species along a fine-scale hydrological gradient. Ann Bot 2021; 127:473-481. [PMID: 32966560 PMCID: PMC7988525 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lessons from above-ground trait ecology and resource economics theory may not be directly translatable to below-ground traits due to differences in function, trade-offs and environmental constraints. Here we examine root functional traits within and across species along a fine-scale hydrological gradient. We ask two related questions: (1) What is the relative magnitude of trait variation across the gradient for within- versus among-species variation? (2) Do correlations among below-ground plant traits conform with predictions from resource-economic spectrum theory? METHODS We sampled four below-ground fine-root traits (specific root length, branching intensity, root tissue density and root dry matter content) and four above-ground traits (specific leaf area, leaf size, plant height and leaf dry matter content) in vascular plants along a fine-scale hydrological gradient within a wet heathland community in south-eastern Australia. Below-ground and above-ground traits were sampled both within and among species. KEY RESULTS Root traits shifted both within and among species across the hydrological gradient. Within- and among-species patterns for root tissue density showed similar declines towards the wetter end of the gradient. Other root traits showed a variety of patterns with respect to within- and among-species variation. Filtering of species has a stronger effect compared with the average within-species shift: the slopes of the relationships between soil moisture and traits were steeper across species than slopes of within species. Between species, below-ground traits were only weakly linked to each other and to above-ground traits, but these weak links did in some cases correspond with predictions from economic theory. CONCLUSIONS One of the challenges of research on root traits has been considerable intraspecific variation. Here we show that part of intraspecific root trait variation is structured by a fine-scale hydrological gradient, and that the variation aligns with among-species trends in some cases. Patterns in root tissue density are especially intriguing and may play an important role in species and individual response to moisture conditions. Given the importance of roots in the uptake of resources, and in carbon and nutrient turnover, it is vital that we establish patterns of root trait variation across environmental gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy M Taseski
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Keith
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rhiannon L Dalrymple
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - William K Cornwell
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Molina EJ, Shah P, Kiernan MS, Cornwell WK, Copeland H, Takeda K, Fernandez FG, Badhwar V, Habib RH, Jacobs JP, Koehl D, Kirklin JK, Pagani FD, Cowger JA. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Intermacs 2020 Annual Report. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 111:778-792. [PMID: 33465365 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS)-Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (Intermacs) 2020 Annual Report reviews outcomes on 25,551 patients undergoing primary isolated continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation between 2010 and 2019. In 2019, 3198 primary LVADs were implanted, which is the highest annual volume in Intermacs history. Compared with the previous era (2010-2014), patients who received an LVAD in the most recent era (2015-2019) were more likely to be African American (26.8% vs 22.9%, P < .0001) and more likely to be bridged to durable LVAD with temporary mechanical support devices (36.8% vs 26.0%, P < .0001). In 2019, 50% of patients were INTERMACS Profile 1 or 2 before durable LVAD, and 73% received an LVAD as destination therapy. Magnetic levitation technology has become the predominant design, accounting for 77% of devices in 2019. The 1- and 2-year survival in the most recent era has improved compared with 2010 to 2014 (82.3% and 73.1% vs 80.5% and 69.1%, respectively; P < .0001). Major bleeding and infection continue to be the leading adverse events. Incident stroke has declined in the current era to 12.7% at 1 year. STS-Intermacs research publications are highlighted, and the new quality initiatives are introduced.
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40
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Kirchhoff C, Callaghan CT, Keith DA, Indiarto D, Taseski G, Ooi MKJ, Le Breton TD, Mesaglio T, Kingsford RT, Cornwell WK. Rapidly mapping fire effects on biodiversity at a large-scale using citizen science. Sci Total Environ 2021; 755:142348. [PMID: 33045599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented scale of the 2019-2020 eastern Australian bushfires exemplifies the challenges that scientists and conservation biologists face monitoring the effects on biodiversity in the aftermath of large-scale environmental disturbances. After a large-scale disturbance, conservation policy and management actions need to be both timely and informed by data. By working with the public, often widely spread out over such disturbed areas, citizen science offers a unique opportunity to collect data on biodiversity responses at the appropriate scale. We detail a citizen science project, hosted through iNaturalist, launched shortly after the 2019-2020 bushfire season in eastern Australia. It rapidly (1) provided accurate data on fire severity, relevant to future recovery; and (2) delivered data on a wide range (mosses to mammals) of biodiversity responses at a scale that matched the geographic extent of these fires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Kirchhoff
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Corey T Callaghan
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David A Keith
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; NSW Department of Planning, Industry, and Environment, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Bushfire Risk Management Research Hub, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Dony Indiarto
- Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Guy Taseski
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark K J Ooi
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Bushfire Risk Management Research Hub, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Tom D Le Breton
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Bushfire Risk Management Research Hub, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Mesaglio
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard T Kingsford
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William K Cornwell
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Tran T, Muralidhar A, Hunter K, Buchanan C, Coe G, Hieda M, Tompkins C, Zipse M, Spotts MJ, Laing SG, Fosmark K, Hoffman J, Ambardekar AV, Wolfel EE, Lawley J, Levine B, Kohrt WM, Pal J, Cornwell WK. Right ventricular function and cardiopulmonary performance among patients with heart failure supported by durable mechanical circulatory support devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:128-137. [PMID: 33281029 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) experience limitations in functional capacity and frequently, right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. We sought to characterize RV function in the context of global cardiopulmonary performance during exercise in this population. METHODS A total of 26 patients with CF-LVAD (aged 58 ± 11 years, 23 males) completed a hemodynamic assessment with either conductance catheters (Group 1, n = 13) inserted into the right ventricle to generate RV pressure‒volume loops or traditional Swan‒Ganz catheters (Group 2, n = 13) during invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Hemodynamics were collected at rest, 2 sub-maximal levels of exercise, and peak effort. Breath-by-breath gas exchange parameters were collected by indirect calorimetry. Group 1 participants also completed an invasive ramp test during supine rest to determine the impact of varying levels of CF-LVAD support on RV function. RESULTS In Group 1, pump speed modulations minimally influenced RV function. During upright exercise, there were modest increases in RV contractility during sub-maximal exercise, but there were no appreciable increases at peak effort. Ventricular‒arterial coupling was preserved throughout the exercise. In Group 2, there were large increases in pulmonary arterial, left-sided filling, and right-sided filling pressures during sub-maximal and peak exercises. Among all participants, the cardiac output‒oxygen uptake relationship was preserved at 5.8:1. Ventilatory efficiency was severely abnormal at 42.3 ± 11.6. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CF-LVAD suffer from limited RV contractile reserve; marked elevations in pulmonary, left-sided filling, and right-sided filling pressures during exercise; and severe ventilatory inefficiency. These findings explain mechanisms for persistent reductions in functional capacity in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomio Tran
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Akshay Muralidhar
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kendall Hunter
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Cullen Buchanan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Greg Coe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michinari Hieda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Campus, Dallas, Texas; Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas Texas
| | - Christine Tompkins
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew Zipse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Melanie J Spotts
- Clinical Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stephanie G Laing
- Clinical Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristina Fosmark
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jordan Hoffman
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amrut V Ambardekar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eugene E Wolfel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Justin Lawley
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benjamin Levine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Campus, Dallas, Texas; Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas Texas
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jay Pal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - William K Cornwell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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Sailer C, Edelmann H, Buchanan C, Giro P, Babcock M, Swanson C, Spotts M, Schulte M, Pratt-Cordova A, Coe G, Beindorff M, Page RL, Ambardekar AV, Pal JD, Kohrt W, Wolfel E, Lawley JS, Tarumi T, Cornwell WK. Impairments in Blood Pressure Regulation and Cardiac Baroreceptor Sensitivity Among Patients With Heart Failure Supported With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e007448. [PMID: 33464953 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.007448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous-flow (CF) left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) improve outcomes for patients with advanced heart failure (HF). However, the lack of a physiological pulse predisposes to side-effects including uncontrolled blood pressure (BP), and there are little data regarding the impact of CF-LVADs on BP regulation. METHODS Twelve patients (10 males, 60±11 years) with advanced heart failure completed hemodynamic assessment 2.7±4.1 months before, and 4.3±1.3 months following CF-LVAD implantation. Heart rate and systolic BP via arterial catheterization were monitored during Valsalva maneuver, spontaneous breathing, and a 0.05 Hz repetitive squat-stand maneuver to characterize cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity. Plasma norepinephrine levels were assessed during head-up tilt at supine, 30o and 60o. Heart rate and BP were monitored during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. RESULTS Cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity, determined by Valsalva as well as Fourier transformation and transfer function gain of Heart rate and systolic BP during spontaneous breathing and squat-stand maneuver, was impaired before and following LVAD implantation. Norepinephrine levels were markedly elevated pre-LVAD and improved-but remained elevated post-LVAD (supine norepinephrine pre-LVAD versus post-LVAD: 654±437 versus 323±164 pg/mL). BP increased during cardiopulmonary exercise testing post-LVAD, but the magnitude of change was modest and comparable to the changes observed during the pre-LVAD cardiopulmonary exercise testing. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with advanced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, CF-LVAD implantation is associated with modest improvements in autonomic tone, but persistent reductions in cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity. Exercise-induced increases in BP are blunted. These findings shed new light on mechanisms for adverse events such as stroke, and persistent reductions in functional capacity, among patients supported by CF-LVADs. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03078972.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sailer
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology (C.S., G.C., M.B., A.V.A., E.W., W.K.C.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | | | - Cullen Buchanan
- Department of Medicine (C.B., P.G.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Pedro Giro
- Department of Medicine (C.B., P.G.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Matthew Babcock
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.B., W.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Christine Swanson
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes (C.S.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Melanie Spotts
- Clinical and Translational Research Center (M. Spotts, M. Schulte, A.P.-C., W.K., W.K.C.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Margaret Schulte
- Clinical and Translational Research Center (M. Spotts, M. Schulte, A.P.-C., W.K., W.K.C.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Ashley Pratt-Cordova
- Clinical and Translational Research Center (M. Spotts, M. Schulte, A.P.-C., W.K., W.K.C.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Greg Coe
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology (C.S., G.C., M.B., A.V.A., E.W., W.K.C.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Mark Beindorff
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology (C.S., G.C., M.B., A.V.A., E.W., W.K.C.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Robert L Page
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Services, Aurora (R.L.P.)
| | - Amrut V Ambardekar
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology (C.S., G.C., M.B., A.V.A., E.W., W.K.C.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Jay D Pal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.D.P.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Wendy Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.B., W.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Clinical and Translational Research Center (M. Spotts, M. Schulte, A.P.-C., W.K., W.K.C.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Eugene Wolfel
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology (C.S., G.C., M.B., A.V.A., E.W., W.K.C.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Justin S Lawley
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Austria (J.S.L.)
| | - Takashi Tarumi
- Human Informatics Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki prefecture, Japan (T.T.)
| | - William K Cornwell
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology (C.S., G.C., M.B., A.V.A., E.W., W.K.C.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Clinical and Translational Research Center (M. Spotts, M. Schulte, A.P.-C., W.K., W.K.C.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
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43
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Hansen AB, Lawley JS, Rickards CA, Howden EJ, Sarma S, Cornwell WK, Amin SB, Mugele H, Marume K, Possnig C, Whitworth LA, Williams MA, Levine BD. Reducing intracranial pressure by reducing central venous pressure: assessment of potential countermeasures to spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 130:283-289. [PMID: 33270516 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00786.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) involves unilateral or bilateral optic disc edema, widening of the optic nerve sheath, and posterior globe flattening. Owing to posterior globe flattening, it is hypothesized that microgravity causes a disproportionate change in intracranial pressure (ICP) relative to intraocular pressure. Countermeasures capable of reducing ICP include thigh cuffs and breathing against inspiratory resistance. Owing to the coupling of central venous pressure (CVP) and intracranial pressure, we hypothesized that both ICP and CVP will be reduced during both countermeasures. In four male participants (32 ± 13 yr) who were previously implanted with Ommaya reservoirs for treatment of unrelated clinical conditions, ICP was measured invasively through these ports. Subjects were healthy at the time of testing. CVP was measured invasively by a peripherally inserted central catheter. Participants breathed through an impedance threshold device (ITD, -7 cmH2O) to generate negative intrathoracic pressure for 5 min, and subsequently, wore bilateral thigh cuffs inflated to 30 mmHg for 2 min. Breathing through an ITD reduced both CVP (6 ± 2 vs. 3 ± 1 mmHg; P = 0.02) and ICP (16 ± 3 vs. 12 ± 1 mmHg; P = 0.04) compared to baseline, a result that was not observed during the free breathing condition (CVP, 6 ± 2 vs. 6 ± 2 mmHg, P = 0.87; ICP, 15 ± 3 vs. 15 ± 4 mmHg, P = 0.68). Inflation of the thigh cuffs to 30 mmHg caused no meaningful reduction in CVP in all four individuals (5 ± 4 vs. 5 ± 4 mmHg; P = 0.1), coincident with minimal reduction in ICP (15 ± 3 vs. 14 ± 4 mmHg; P = 0.13). The application of inspiratory resistance breathing resulted in reductions in both ICP and CVP, likely due to intrathoracic unloading.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Spaceflight causes pathological changes in the eye that may be due to the absence of gravitational unloading of intracranial pressure (ICP) under microgravity conditions commonly referred to as spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS), whereby countermeasures aimed at lowering ICP are necessary. These data show that impedance threshold breathing acutely reduces ICP via a reduction in central venous pressure (CVP). Whereas, acute thigh cuff inflation, a popular known spaceflight-associated countermeasure, had little effect on ICP and CVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Hansen
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Justin S Lawley
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Dallas, Dallas, Texas.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Caroline A Rickards
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Erin J Howden
- The Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Satyam Sarma
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Dallas, Dallas, Texas.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - William K Cornwell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sachin B Amin
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hendrik Mugele
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kyohei Marume
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carmen Possnig
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Michael A Williams
- Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Dallas, Dallas, Texas.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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44
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Callaghan CT, Poore AGB, Mesaglio T, Moles AT, Nakagawa S, Roberts C, Rowley JJL, VergÉs A, Wilshire JH, Cornwell WK. Three Frontiers for the Future of Biodiversity Research Using Citizen Science Data. Bioscience 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCitizen science is fundamentally shifting the future of biodiversity research. But although citizen science observations are contributing an increasingly large proportion of biodiversity data, they only feature in a relatively small percentage of research papers on biodiversity. We provide our perspective on three frontiers of citizen science research, areas that we feel to date have had minimal scientific exploration but that we believe deserve greater attention as they present substantial opportunities for the future of biodiversity research: sampling the undersampled, capitalizing on citizen science's unique ability to sample poorly sampled taxa and regions of the world, reducing taxonomic and spatial biases in global biodiversity data sets; estimating abundance and density in space and time, develop techniques to derive taxon-specific densities from presence or absence and presence-only data; and capitalizing on secondary data collection, moving beyond data on the occurrence of single species and gain further understanding of ecological interactions among species or habitats. The contribution of citizen science to understanding the important biodiversity questions of our time should be more fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey T Callaghan
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, also at the University of New South Wales
| | - Alistair G B Poore
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, also at the University of New South Wales
| | - Thomas Mesaglio
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales
| | - Angela T Moles
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, also at the University of New South Wales
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, also at the University of New South Wales
| | - Christopher Roberts
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales
| | - Jodi J L Rowley
- Australian Museum Research Institute, part of the Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adriana VergÉs
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, also at the University of New South Wales
| | - John H Wilshire
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales
| | - William K Cornwell
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales
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Amin SB, Hansen AB, Mugele H, Willmer F, Gross F, Reimeir B, Cornwell WK, Simpson LL, Moore JP, Romero SA, Lawley JS. Whole body passive heating versus dynamic lower body exercise: a comparison of peripheral hemodynamic profiles. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 130:160-171. [PMID: 33090910 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00291.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive heating has emerged as a therapeutic intervention for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Like exercise, heating increases peripheral artery blood flow and shear rate, which is thought to be a primary mechanism underpinning endothelium-mediated vascular adaptation. However, few studies have compared the increase in arterial blood flow and shear rate between dynamic exercise and passive heating. In a fixed crossover design study, 15 moderately trained healthy participants (25.6 ± 3.4 yr) (5 female) underwent 30 min of whole body passive heating (42°C bath), followed on a separate day by 30 min of semi-recumbent stepping exercise performed at two workloads corresponding to the increase in cardiac output (Qc) (Δ3.72 L·min-1) and heart rate (HR) (Δ40 beats/min) recorded at the end of passive heating. At the same Qc (Δ3.72 L·min-1 vs. 3.78 L·min-1), femoral artery blood flow (1,599 mL/min vs. 1,947 mL/min) (P = 0.596) and shear rate (162 s-1 vs. 192 s-1) (P = 0.471) measured by ultrasonography were similar between passive heating and stepping exercise. However, for the same HRMATCHED intensity, femoral blood flow (1,599 mL·min-1 vs. 2,588 mL·min-1) and shear rate (161 s-1 vs. 271 s-1) were significantly greater during exercise, compared with heating (both P = <0.001). The results indicate that, for moderately trained individuals, passive heating increases common femoral artery blood flow and shear rate similar to low-intensity continuous dynamic exercise (29% V̇o2max); however, exercise performed at a higher intensity (53% V̇o2max) results in significantly larger shear rates toward the active skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Passive heating and exercise increase blood flow through arteries, generating a frictional force, termed shear rate, which is associated with positive vascular health. Few studies have compared the increase in arterial blood flow and shear rate elicited by passive heating with that elicited by dynamic continuous exercise. We found that 30 min of whole body passive hot-water immersion (42°C bath) increased femoral artery blood flow and shear rate equivalent to exercising at a moderate intensity (∼57% HRmax).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin B Amin
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander B Hansen
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hendrik Mugele
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Willmer
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Gross
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benjamin Reimeir
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - William K Cornwell
- Department of Medicine - Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Clinical and Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lydia L Simpson
- School of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Moore
- School of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A Romero
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Justin S Lawley
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Riordan M, Pratt-Cordova A, Bennett J, Byrd J, Kohrt W, Pal JD, Cornwell WK. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Metrics Demonstrate that CF-LVAD Patients Suffer from Residual Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.09.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Rowley JJL, Callaghan CT, Cornwell WK. Widespread short‐term persistence of frog species after the 2019–2020 bushfires in eastern Australia revealed by citizen science. Conservat Sci and Prac 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi J. L. Rowley
- Australian Museum Research Institute; Australian Museum Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Corey T. Callaghan
- Centre for Ecosystem Science; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Centre for Ecosystem Science; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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48
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Zanne AE, Powell JR, Flores-Moreno H, Kiers ET, van 't Padje A, Cornwell WK. Finding fungal ecological strategies: Is recycling an option? FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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49
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Cornwell WK, Tran T, Cerbin L, Coe G, Muralidhar A, Hunter K, Altman N, Ambardekar AV, Tompkins C, Zipse M, Schulte M, O'Gean K, Ostertag M, Hoffman J, Pal JD, Lawley JS, Levine BD, Wolfel E, Kohrt WM, Buttrick P. New insights into resting and exertional right ventricular performance in the healthy heart through real-time pressure-volume analysis. J Physiol 2020; 598:2575-2587. [PMID: 32347547 DOI: 10.1113/jp279759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Despite growing interest in right ventricular form and function in diseased states, there is a paucity of data regarding characteristics of right ventricular function - namely contractile and lusitropic reserve, as well as ventricular-arterial coupling, in the healthy heart during rest, as well as submaximal and peak exercise. Pressure-volume analysis of the right ventricle, during invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing, demonstrates that that the right heart has enormous contractile reserve, with a three- or fourfold increase in all metrics of contractility, as well as myocardial energy production and utilization. The healthy right ventricle also demonstrates marked augmentation in lusitropy, indicating that diastolic filling of the right heart is not passive. Rather, the right ventricle actively contributes to venous return during exercise, along with the muscle pump. Ventricular-arterial coupling is preserved during submaximal and peak exercise in the healthy heart. ABSTRACT Knowledge of right ventricular (RV) function has lagged behind that of the left ventricle and historically, the RV has even been referred to as a 'passive conduit' of lesser importance than its left-sided counterpart. Pressure-volume (PV) analysis is the gold standard metric of assessing ventricular performance. We recruited nine healthy sedentary individuals free of any cardiopulmonary disease (42 ± 12 years, 78 ± 11 kg), who completed invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing during upright ergometry, while using conductance catheters inserted into the RV to generate real-time PV loops. Data were obtained at rest, two submaximal levels of exercise below ventilatory threshold, to simulate real-world scenarios/activities of daily living, and maximal effort. Breath-by-breath oxygen uptake was determined by indirect calorimetry. During submaximal and peak exercise, there were significant increases in all metrics of systolic function by three- to fourfold, including cardiac output, preload recruitable stroke work, and maximum rate of pressure change in the ventricle (dP/dtmax ), as well as energy utilization as determined by stroke work and pressure-volume area. Similarly, the RV demonstrated a significant, threefold increase in lusitropic reserve throughout exercise. Ventricular-arterial coupling, defined by the quotient of end-systolic elastance and effective arterial elastance, was preserved throughout all stages of exercise. Maximal pressures increased significantly during exercise, while end-diastolic volumes were essentially unchanged. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the healthy RV is not merely a passive conduit, but actively participates in cardiopulmonary performance during exercise by accessing an enormous amount of contractile and lusitropic reserve, ensuring that VA coupling is preserved throughout all stages of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K Cornwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tomio Tran
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lukasz Cerbin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Greg Coe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Akshay Muralidhar
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kendall Hunter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Natasha Altman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amrut V Ambardekar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christine Tompkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew Zipse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Margaret Schulte
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katie O'Gean
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Morgan Ostertag
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jordan Hoffman
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jay D Pal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Justin S Lawley
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Campus, Dallas, TX, USA
- Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eugene Wolfel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Eastern Colorado VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peter Buttrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Y. Chan
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Stephen P. Bonser
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Jeff R. Powell
- Hawkesbury Inst. for the Environment, Western Sydney Univ. Penrith NSW Australia
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
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