1
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Zanne AE, Flores-Moreno H, Powell JR, Cornwell WK, Dalling JW, Austin AT, Classen AT, Eggleton P, Okada KI, Parr CL, Adair EC, Adu-Bredu S, Alam MA, Alvarez-Garzón C, Apgaua D, Aragón R, Ardon M, Arndt SK, Ashton LA, Barber NA, Beauchêne J, Berg MP, Beringer J, Boer MM, Bonet JA, Bunney K, Burkhardt TJ, Carvalho D, Castillo-Figueroa D, Cernusak LA, Cheesman AW, Cirne-Silva TM, Cleverly JR, Cornelissen JHC, Curran TJ, D'Angioli AM, Dallstream C, Eisenhauer N, Evouna Ondo F, Fajardo A, Fernandez RD, Ferrer A, Fontes MAL, Galatowitsch ML, González G, Gottschall F, Grace PR, Granda E, Griffiths HM, Guerra Lara M, Hasegawa M, Hefting MM, Hinko-Najera N, Hutley LB, Jones J, Kahl A, Karan M, Keuskamp JA, Lardner T, Liddell M, Macfarlane C, Macinnis-Ng C, Mariano RF, Méndez MS, Meyer WS, Mori AS, Moura AS, Northwood M, Ogaya R, Oliveira RS, Orgiazzi A, Pardo J, Peguero G, Penuelas J, Perez LI, Posada JM, Prada CM, Přívětivý T, Prober SM, Prunier J, Quansah GW, Resco de Dios V, Richter R, Robertson MP, Rocha LF, Rúa MA, Sarmiento C, Silberstein RP, Silva MC, Siqueira FF, Stillwagon MG, Stol J, Taylor MK, Teste FP, Tng DYP, Tucker D, Türke M, Ulyshen MD, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, van den Berg E, van Logtestijn RSP, Veen GFC, Vogel JG, Wardlaw TJ, Wiehl G, Wirth C, Woods MJ, Zalamea PC. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates. Science 2022; 377:1440-1444. [PMID: 36137034 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)-even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth's surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Zanne
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Habacuc Flores-Moreno
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeff R Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - William K Cornwell
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James W Dalling
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Amy T Austin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aimée T Classen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul Eggleton
- The Soil Biodiversity Group, Entomology Department, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Kei-Ichi Okada
- Department of Northern Biosphere Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Japan
| | - Catherine L Parr
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa
| | - E Carol Adair
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Stephen Adu-Bredu
- Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Services Division, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi Ashanti Region, Ghana.,Department of Natural Resources Management, CSIR College of Science and Technology, Kumasi Ashanti Region, Ghana
| | - Md Azharul Alam
- Department of Pest-management and Conservation, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Carolina Alvarez-Garzón
- Departamento de Biología/Ecología/Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional y Ecosistémica, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Deborah Apgaua
- Centre for Rainforest Studies, The School for Field Studies, Yungaburra, QLD, Australia
| | - Roxana Aragón
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán-CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Ardon
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Stefan K Arndt
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise A Ashton
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nicholas A Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Jacques Beauchêne
- UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRA, Universite des Antilles, Universite de Guyane, CIRAD, Kourou, France
| | - Matty P Berg
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Amsterdam Institute of Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Community and Conservation Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jason Beringer
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Matthias M Boer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Katherine Bunney
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tynan J Burkhardt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dulcinéia Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Dennis Castillo-Figueroa
- Biology Department/Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Biology Department/Faculty of Natural Sciences/Functional and Ecosystem Ecology Lab, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander W Cheesman
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Tainá M Cirne-Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Jamie R Cleverly
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Systems Ecology Section, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timothy J Curran
- Department of Pest-management and Conservation, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - André M D'Angioli
- Programa de pós-graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Nico Eisenhauer
- Experimental Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Alex Fajardo
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Romina D Fernandez
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán-CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Astrid Ferrer
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Marco A L Fontes
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Grizelle González
- International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Río Piedras, PR, USA
| | - Felix Gottschall
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter R Grace
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elena Granda
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Hannah M Griffiths
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mariana Guerra Lara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Motohiro Hasegawa
- Department of Environmental System Science/Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Mariet M Hefting
- Department of Biology/Faculty of Science/Ecology and Biodiversity, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nina Hinko-Najera
- Faculty of Science/School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC, Australia
| | - Lindsay B Hutley
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anja Kahl
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mirko Karan
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,Ecosystem Processes, TERN (Australian Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network), Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Joost A Keuskamp
- Biont Research, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tim Lardner
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Liddell
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Cate Macinnis-Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ravi F Mariano
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - M Soledad Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Wayne S Meyer
- School of Biological Sciences, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aloysio S Moura
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Matthew Northwood
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Romà Ogaya
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Pardo
- Department of Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canadá
| | - Guille Peguero
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, Bellaterra Barcelona, Spain.,Global Ecology Unit, CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis I Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Posada
- Biology Department/Functional and Ecosystem Ecology Lab, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC, Colombia
| | - Cecilia M Prada
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tomáš Přívětivý
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Brno, Czechia
| | - Suzanne M Prober
- Land and Water, CSIRO, Wembley, WA, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan Prunier
- UMR ECOFOG/Laboratoire des Sciences du Bois, CNRS, Kourou GF, France
| | - Gabriel W Quansah
- Soil Analytical Services, Soil Testing Laboratory, CSIR-Soil Research Institute, Kumasi Ashanti Region, Ghana
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lérida, Spain.,School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Ronny Richter
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mark P Robertson
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lucas F Rocha
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Megan A Rúa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Carolina Sarmiento
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Richard P Silberstein
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Mateus C Silva
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Matthew Glenn Stillwagon
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jacqui Stol
- Land and Water, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Melanie K Taylor
- Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA, USA.,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - François P Teste
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de San Luis (IMASL), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - David Y P Tng
- Centre for Rainforest Studies, The School for Field Studies, Yungaburra, QLD, Australia
| | - David Tucker
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Manfred Türke
- Experimental Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Center of Tropical Biodiversity, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo van den Berg
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | - G F Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jason G Vogel
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Wardlaw
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Georg Wiehl
- Land and Water, CSIRO, Wembley, WA, Australia
| | - Christian Wirth
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michaela J Woods
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Paul-Camilo Zalamea
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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2
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Andresen LC, Bodé S, Björk RG, Michelsen A, Aerts R, Boeckx P, Cornelissen JHC, Klanderud K, van Logtestijn RSP, Rütting T. Patterns of free amino acids in tundra soils reflect mycorrhizal type, shrubification, and warming. Mycorrhiza 2022; 32:305-313. [PMID: 35307782 PMCID: PMC9184409 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The soil nitrogen (N) cycle in cold terrestrial ecosystems is slow and organically bound N is an important source of N for plants in these ecosystems. Many plant species can take up free amino acids from these infertile soils, either directly or indirectly via their mycorrhizal fungi. We hypothesized that plant community changes and local plant community differences will alter the soil free amino acid pool and composition; and that long-term warming could enhance this effect. To test this, we studied the composition of extractable free amino acids at five separate heath, meadow, and bog locations in subarctic and alpine Scandinavia, with long-term (13 to 24 years) warming manipulations. The plant communities all included a mixture of ecto-, ericoid-, and arbuscular mycorrhizal plant species. Vegetation dominated by grasses and forbs with arbuscular and non-mycorrhizal associations showed highest soil free amino acid content, distinguishing them from the sites dominated by shrubs with ecto- and ericoid-mycorrhizal associations. Warming increased shrub and decreased moss cover at two sites, and by using redundancy analysis, we found that altered soil free amino acid composition was related to this plant cover change. From this, we conclude that the mycorrhizal type is important in controlling soil N cycling and that expansion of shrubs with ectomycorrhiza (and to some extent ericoid mycorrhiza) can help retain N within the ecosystems by tightening the N cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Andresen
- Department of Earth Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Samuel Bodé
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory (ISOFYS), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert G Björk
- Department of Earth Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Rien Aerts
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory (ISOFYS), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Hans C Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | | | - Tobias Rütting
- Department of Earth Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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Yang S, Poorter L, Kuramae EE, Sass-Klaassen U, Leite MFA, Costa OYA, Kowalchuk GA, Cornelissen JHC, van Hal J, Goudzwaard L, Hefting MM, van Logtestijn RSP, Sterck FJ. Stem traits, compartments, and tree species affect fungal communities on decaying wood. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3625-3639. [PMID: 35229433 PMCID: PMC9544286 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dead wood quantity and quality is important for forest biodiversity, by determining wood‐inhabiting fungal assemblages. We therefore evaluated how fungal communities were regulated by stem traits and compartments (i.e. bark, outer‐ and inner wood) of 14 common temperate tree species. Fresh logs were incubated in a common garden experiment in a forest site in the Netherlands. After 1 and 4 years of decay, the fungal composition of different compartments was assessed using Internal Transcribed Spacer amplicon sequencing. We found that fungal alpha diversity differed significantly across tree species and stem compartments, with bark showing significantly higher fungal diversity than wood. Gymnosperms and Angiosperms hold different fungal communities, and distinct fungi were found between inner wood and other compartments. Stem traits showed significant afterlife effects on fungal communities; traits associated with accessibility (e.g. conduit diameter), stem chemistry (e.g. C, N, lignin) and physical defence (e.g. density) were important factors shaping fungal community structure in decaying stems. Overall, stem traits vary substantially across stem compartments and tree species, thus regulating fungal communities and the long‐term carbon dynamics of dead trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eiko E Kuramae
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708, PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Sass-Klaassen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcio F A Leite
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708, PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ohana Y A Costa
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708, PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - George A Kowalchuk
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University (Vrije Universiteit) Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen van Hal
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University (Vrije Universiteit) Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Goudzwaard
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet M Hefting
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard S P van Logtestijn
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University (Vrije Universiteit) Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Yang S, Sterck FJ, Sass-Klaassen U, Cornelissen JHC, van Logtestijn RSP, Hefting M, Goudzwaard L, Zuo J, Poorter L. Stem Trait Spectra Underpin Multiple Functions of Temperate Tree Species. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:769551. [PMID: 35310622 PMCID: PMC8930200 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.769551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A central paradigm in comparative ecology is that species sort out along a slow-fast resource economy spectrum of plant strategies, but this has been rarely tested for a comprehensive set of stem traits and compartments. We tested how stem traits vary across wood and bark of temperate tree species, whether a slow-fast strategy spectrum exists, and what traits make up this plant strategy spectrum. For 14 temperate tree species, 20 anatomical, chemical, and morphological traits belonging to six key stem functions were measured for three stem compartments (inner wood, outer wood, and bark). The trait variation was explained by major taxa (38%), stem compartments (24%), and species within major taxa (19%). A continuous plant strategy gradient was found across and within taxa, running from hydraulic safe gymnosperms to conductive angiosperms. Both groups showed a second strategy gradient related to chemical defense. Gymnosperms strongly converged in their trait strategies because of their uniform tracheids. Angiosperms strongly diverged because of their different vessel arrangement and tissue types. The bark had higher concentrations of nutrients and phenolics whereas the wood had stronger physical defense. The gymnosperms have a conservative strategy associated with strong hydraulic safety and physical defense, and a narrow, specialized range of trait values, which allow them to grow well in drier and unproductive habitats. The angiosperm species show a wider trait variation in all stem compartments, which makes them successful in marginal- and in mesic, productive habitats. The associations between multiple wood and bark traits collectively define a slow-fast stem strategy spectrum as is seen also for each stem compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Shanshan Yang, ;
| | - Frank J. Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ute Sass-Klaassen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - J. Hans C. Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological Science, Systems Ecology, VU University (Vrije Universiteit) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard S. P. van Logtestijn
- Department of Ecological Science, Systems Ecology, VU University (Vrije Universiteit) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariet Hefting
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Leo Goudzwaard
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Juan Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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5
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Yang S, Limpens J, Sterck FJ, Sass‐Klaassen U, Cornelissen JHC, Hefting M, van Logtestijn RSP, Goudzwaard L, Dam N, Dam M, Veerkamp MT, van den Berg B, Brouwer E, Chang C, Poorter L. Dead wood diversity promotes fungal diversity. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen Univ. and Research Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Juul Limpens
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen Univ. and Research Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Frank J. Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen Univ. and Research Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Ute Sass‐Klaassen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen Univ. and Research Wageningen the Netherlands
| | | | - Mariet Hefting
- Landscape Ecology, Inst. of Environmental Biology, Utrecht Univ. Utrecht the Netherlands
| | | | - Leo Goudzwaard
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen Univ. and Research Wageningen the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Emiel Brouwer
- B‐WARE Research Centre, Radboud Univ. Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Chenghui Chang
- Systems Ecology, Dept of Ecological Science, VU Univ. (Vrije Univ.) Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen Univ. and Research Wageningen the Netherlands
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Onipchenko VG, Kipkeev AM, Mommer L, van der Paauw JW, van Logtestijn RSP, Tekeev DK, Zernov AS, Akhmetzhanova AA, Kozhevnikova AD, Hiiesalu I, Makarov MI, Cornelissen JHC. Snow roots: Where are they and what are they for? Ecology 2020; 102:e03255. [PMID: 33222182 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Onipchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State Lomonosov University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alii M Kipkeev
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State Lomonosov University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology & Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem van der Paauw
- Plant Ecology & Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard S P van Logtestijn
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Dzhamal K Tekeev
- Teberda State Reserve, Badukskii 1, Karachaevo-Cherkessian Republic, Teberda, 369210, Russia
| | - Alexander S Zernov
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State Lomonosov University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Asem A Akhmetzhanova
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State Lomonosov University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anna D Kozhevnikova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya ul. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Mikhail I Makarov
- Faculty of Soil Science, Moscow State Lomonosov University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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7
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van Egmond EM, van Bodegom PM, van Hal JR, van Logtestijn RSP, Berg MP, Aerts R. Nonadditive effects of consumption in an intertidal macroinvertebrate community are independent of food availability but driven by complementarity effects. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3086-3097. [PMID: 29607008 PMCID: PMC5869218 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal environmental conditions are ubiquitous in nature and commonly drive the outcome of biological interactions in community processes. Despite the importance of biological interactions for community processes, knowledge on how species interactions are affected by a limiting resource, for example, low food availability, remains limited. Here, we tested whether variation in food supply causes nonadditive consumption patterns, using the macroinvertebrate community of intertidal sandy beaches as a model system. We quantified isotopically labeled diatom consumption by three macroinvertebrate species (Bathyporeia pilosa, Haustorius arenarius, and Scolelepis squamata) kept in mesocosms in either monoculture or a three-species community at a range of diatom densities. Our results show that B. pilosa was the most successful competitor in terms of consumption at both high and low diatom density, while H. arenarius and especially S. squamata consumed less in a community than in their respective monocultures. Nonadditive effects on consumption in this macroinvertebrate community were present and larger than mere additive effects, and similar across diatom densities. The underlying species interactions, however, did change with diatom density. Complementarity effects related to niche-partitioning were the main driver of the net diversity effect on consumption, with a slightly increasing contribution of selection effects related to competition with decreasing diatom density. For the first time, we showed that nonadditive effects of consumption are independent of food availability in a macroinvertebrate community. This suggests that, in communities with functionally different, and thus complementary, species, nonadditive effects can arise even when food availability is low. Hence, at a range of environmental conditions, species interactions hold important potential to alter ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M van Egmond
- Department of Ecological Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen R van Hal
- Department of Ecological Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Matty P Berg
- Department of Ecological Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Community and Conservation Ecology Group University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Rien Aerts
- Department of Ecological Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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8
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Zhao W, Cornwell WK, van Pomeren M, van Logtestijn RSP, Cornelissen JHC. Species mixture effects on flammability across plant phylogeny: the importance of litter particle size and the special role for non- Pinus Pinaceae. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8223-8234. [PMID: 27878090 PMCID: PMC5108272 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fire affects and is affected by plants. Vegetation varies in flammability, that is, its general ability to burn, at different levels of ecological organization. To scale from individual plant traits to community flammability states, understanding trait effects on species flammability variation and their interaction is important. Plant traits are the cumulative result of evolution and they show, to differing extents, phylogenetic conservatism. We asked whether phylogenetic distance between species predicts species mixture effects on litterbed flammability. We conducted controlled laboratory burns for 34 phylogenetically wide-ranging species and 34 random two-species mixtures from them. Generally, phylogenetic distance did not predict species mixture effects on flammability. Across the plant phylogeny, most species were flammable except those in the non-Pinus Pinaceae, which shed small needles producing dense, poorly ventilated litterbeds above the packing threshold and therefore nonflammable. Consistently, either positive or negative dominance effects on flammability of certain flammable or those non-flammable species were found in mixtures involving the non-Pinus Pinaceae. We demonstrate litter particle size is key to explaining species nonadditivity in fuelbed flammability. The potential of certain species to influence fire disproportionately to their abundance might increase the positive feedback effects of plant flammability on community flammability state if flammable species are favored by fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhao
- Systems EcologyDepartment of Ecological ScienceFaculty of Earth and Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Systems EcologyDepartment of Ecological ScienceFaculty of Earth and Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Ecology and Evolution Research CentreSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Marinda van Pomeren
- Systems EcologyDepartment of Ecological ScienceFaculty of Earth and Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Richard S. P. van Logtestijn
- Systems EcologyDepartment of Ecological ScienceFaculty of Earth and Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
- Systems EcologyDepartment of Ecological ScienceFaculty of Earth and Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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9
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Hicks Pries CE, van Logtestijn RSP, Schuur EAG, Natali SM, Cornelissen JHC, Aerts R, Dorrepaal E. Decadal warming causes a consistent and persistent shift from heterotrophic to autotrophic respiration in contrasting permafrost ecosystems. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:4508-4519. [PMID: 26150277 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil carbon in permafrost ecosystems has the potential to become a major positive feedback to climate change if permafrost thaw increases heterotrophic decomposition. However, warming can also stimulate autotrophic production leading to increased ecosystem carbon storage-a negative climate change feedback. Few studies partitioning ecosystem respiration examine decadal warming effects or compare responses among ecosystems. Here, we first examined how 11 years of warming during different seasons affected autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in a bryophyte-dominated peatland in Abisko, Sweden. We used natural abundance radiocarbon to partition ecosystem respiration into autotrophic respiration, associated with production, and heterotrophic decomposition. Summertime warming decreased the age of carbon respired by the ecosystem due to increased proportional contributions from autotrophic and young soil respiration and decreased proportional contributions from old soil. Summertime warming's large effect was due to not only warmer air temperatures during the growing season, but also to warmer deep soils year-round. Second, we compared ecosystem respiration responses between two contrasting ecosystems, the Abisko peatland and a tussock-dominated tundra in Healy, Alaska. Each ecosystem had two different timescales of warming (<5 years and over a decade). Despite the Abisko peatland having greater ecosystem respiration and larger contributions from heterotrophic respiration than the Healy tundra, both systems responded consistently to short- and long-term warming with increased respiration, increased autotrophic contributions to ecosystem respiration, and increased ratios of autotrophic to heterotrophic respiration. We did not detect an increase in old soil carbon losses with warming at either site. If increased autotrophic respiration is balanced by increased primary production, as is the case in the Healy tundra, warming will not cause these ecosystems to become growing season carbon sources. Warming instead causes a persistent shift from heterotrophic to more autotrophic control of the growing season carbon cycle in these carbon-rich permafrost ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Hicks Pries
- Earth Sciences Division, Climate Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Richard S P van Logtestijn
- Department of Systems Ecology, Institute of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edward A G Schuur
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Susan M Natali
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Department of Systems Ecology, Institute of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rien Aerts
- Department of Systems Ecology, Institute of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, S-981 07, Abisko, Sweden
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10
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Blauw LG, Wensink N, Bakker L, van Logtestijn RSP, Aerts R, Soudzilovskaia NA, Cornelissen JHC. Fuel moisture content enhances nonadditive effects of plant mixtures on flammability and fire behavior. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:3830-41. [PMID: 26380709 PMCID: PMC4567884 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fire behavior of plant mixtures includes a complex set of processes for which the interactive contributions of its drivers, such as plant identity and moisture, have not yet been unraveled fully. Plant flammability parameters of species mixtures can show substantial deviations of fire properties from those expected based on the component species when burnt alone; that is, there are nonadditive mixture effects. Here, we investigated how fuel moisture content affects nonadditive effects in fire behavior. We hypothesized that both the magnitude and variance of nonadditivity in flammability parameters are greater in moist than in dry fuel beds. We conducted a series of experimental burns in monocultures and 2-species mixtures with two ericaceous dwarf shrubs and two bryophyte species from temperate fire-prone heathlands. For a set of fire behavior parameters, we found that magnitude and variability of nonadditive effects are, on average, respectively 5.8 and 1.8 times larger in moist (30% MC) species mixtures compared to dry (10% MC) mixed fuel beds. In general, the moist mixtures caused negative nonadditive effects, but due to the larger variability these mixtures occasionally caused large positive nonadditive effects, while this did not occur in dry mixtures. Thus, at moister conditions, mixtures occasionally pass the moisture threshold for ignition and fire spread, which the monospecific fuel beds are unable to pass. We also show that the magnitude of nonadditivity is highly species dependent. Thus, contrary to common belief, the strong nonadditive effects in mixtures can cause higher fire occurrence at moister conditions. This new integration of surface fuel moisture and species interactions will help us to better understand fire behavior in the complexity of natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke G Blauw
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Sciences, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niki Wensink
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Sciences, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Bakker
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Sciences, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rien Aerts
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Sciences, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Conservation Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Hans C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Sciences, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Cornwell WK, Elvira A, van Kempen L, van Logtestijn RSP, Aptroot A, Cornelissen JHC. Flammability across the gymnosperm phylogeny: the importance of litter particle size. New Phytol 2015; 206:672-81. [PMID: 25675853 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fire is important to climate, element cycles and plant communities, with many fires spreading via surface litter. The influence of species on the spread of surface fire is mediated by their traits which, after senescence and abscission, have 'afterlife' effects on litter flammability. We hypothesized that differences in litter flammability among gymnosperms are determined by litter particle size effects on litterbed packing. We performed a mesocosm fire experiment comparing 39 phylogenetically wide-ranging gymnosperms, followed by litter size and shape manipulations on two chemically contrasting species, to isolate the underlying mechanism. The first-order control on litter flammability was, indeed, litter particle size in both experiments. Most gymnosperms were highly flammable, but a prominent exception was the non-Pinus Pinaceae, in which small leaves abscised singly produced dense, non-flammable litterbeds. There are two important implications: first, ecosystems dominated by gymnosperms that drop small leaves separately will develop dense litter layers, which will be less prone to and inhibit the spread of surface litter fire. Second, some of the needle-leaved species previously considered to be flammable in single-leaf experiments were among the least flammable in litter fuel beds, highlighting the role of the litter traits of species in affecting surface fire regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K Cornwell
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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12
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Lang SI, Aerts R, van Logtestijn RSP, Schweikert W, Klahn T, Quested HM, van Hal JR, Cornelissen JHC. Mapping nutrient resorption efficiencies of subarctic cryptogams and seed plants onto the Tree of Life. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:2217-27. [PMID: 25360262 PMCID: PMC4201435 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient resorption from senescing photosynthetic organs is a powerful mechanism for conserving nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in infertile environments. Evolution has resulted in enhanced differentiation of conducting tissues to facilitate transport of photosynthate to other plant parts, ultimately leading to phloem. Such tissues may also serve to translocate N and P to other plant parts upon their senescence. Therefore, we hypothesize that nutrient resorption efficiency (RE, % of nutrient pool exported) should correspond with the degree of specialization of these conducting tissues across the autotrophic branches of the Tree of Life. To test this hypothesis, we had to compare members of different plant clades and lichens within a climatic region, to minimize confounding effects of climatic drivers on nutrient resorption. Thus, we compared RE among wide-ranging basal clades from the principally N-limited subarctic region, employing a novel method to correct for mass loss during senescence. Even with the limited numbers of species available for certain clades in this region, we found some consistent patterns. Mosses, lichens, and lycophytes generally showed low REN (<20%), liverworts and conifers intermediate (40%) and monilophytes, eudicots, and monocots high (>70%). REP appeared higher in eudicots and liverworts than in mosses. Within mosses, taxa with more efficient conductance also showed higher REN. The differences in REN among clades broadly matched the degree of specialization of conducting tissues. This novel mapping of a physiological process onto the Tree of Life broadly supports the idea that the evolution of conducting tissues toward specialized phloem has aided land plants to optimize their internal nitrogen recycling. The generality of evolutionary lines in conducting tissues and nutrient resorption efficiency needs to be tested across different floras in different climatic regions with different levels of N versus P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone I Lang
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe Erbprinzenstr. 13, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rien Aerts
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard S P van Logtestijn
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenka Schweikert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT) Pfinztal-Berghausen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Klahn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT) Pfinztal-Berghausen, Germany
| | - Helen M Quested
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield Sheffield, U.K
| | - Jurgen R van Hal
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Makkonen M, Berg MP, van Logtestijn RSP, van Hal JR, Aerts R. Do physical plant litter traits explain non-additivity in litter mixtures? A test of the improved microenvironmental conditions theory. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Grau O, Ninot JM, Blanco-Moreno JM, van Logtestijn RSP, Cornelissen JHC, Callaghan TV. Shrub-tree interactions and environmental changes drive treeline dynamics in the Subarctic. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.20032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Cornelissen JHC, Sass-Klaassen U, Poorter L, van Geffen K, van Logtestijn RSP, van Hal J, Goudzwaard L, Sterck FJ, Klaassen RKWM, Freschet GT, van der Wal A, Eshuis H, Zuo J, de Boer W, Lamers T, Weemstra M, Cretin V, Martin R, Ouden JD, Berg MP, Aerts R, Mohren GMJ, Hefting MM. Controls on coarse wood decay in temperate tree species: birth of the LOGLIFE experiment. Ambio 2012; 41 Suppl 3:231-45. [PMID: 22864697 PMCID: PMC3535053 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-012-0304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dead wood provides a huge terrestrial carbon stock and a habitat to wide-ranging organisms during its decay. Our brief review highlights that, in order to understand environmental change impacts on these functions, we need to quantify the contributions of different interacting biotic and abiotic drivers to wood decomposition. LOGLIFE is a new long-term 'common-garden' experiment to disentangle the effects of species' wood traits and site-related environmental drivers on wood decomposition dynamics and its associated diversity of microbial and invertebrate communities. This experiment is firmly rooted in pioneering experiments under the directorship of Terry Callaghan at Abisko Research Station, Sweden. LOGLIFE features two contrasting forest sites in the Netherlands, each hosting a similar set of coarse logs and branches of 10 tree species. LOGLIFE welcomes other researchers to test further questions concerning coarse wood decay that will also help to optimise forest management in view of carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation.
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16
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van Altena C, van Logtestijn RSP, Cornwell WK, Cornelissen JHC. Species composition and fire: non-additive mixture effects on ground fuel flammability. Front Plant Sci 2012; 3:63. [PMID: 22639656 PMCID: PMC3355679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Diversity effects on many aspects of ecosystem function have been well documented. However, fire is an exception: fire experiments have mainly included single species, bulk litter, or vegetation, and, as such, the role of diversity as a determinant of flammability, a crucial aspect of ecosystem function, is poorly understood. This study is the first to experimentally test whether flammability characteristics of two-species mixtures are non-additive, i.e., differ from expected flammability based on the component species in monospecific fuel. In standardized fire experiments on ground fuels, including monospecific fuels and mixtures of five contrasting subarctic plant fuel types in a controlled laboratory environment, we measured flame speed, flame duration, and maximum temperature. Broadly half of the mixture combinations showed non-additive effects for these flammability indicators; these were mainly enhanced dominance effects for temporal dynamics - fire speed and duration. Fuel types with the more flammable value for a characteristic determined the rate of fire speed and duration of the whole mixture; in contrast, maximum temperature of the fire was determined by the biomass-weighted mean of the mixture. These results suggest that ecological invasions by highly flammable species may have effects on ground-fire dynamics well out of proportion to their biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra van Altena
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU UniversityAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard S. P. van Logtestijn
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU UniversityAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU UniversityAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU UniversityAmsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. e-mail:
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17
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Keuper F, Parmentier FJW, Blok D, van Bodegom PM, Dorrepaal E, van Hal JR, van Logtestijn RSP, Aerts R. Tundra in the rain: differential vegetation responses to three years of experimentally doubled summer precipitation in Siberian shrub and Swedish bog tundra. Ambio 2012; 41 Suppl 3:269-80. [PMID: 22864700 PMCID: PMC3535056 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-012-0305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Precipitation amounts and patterns at high latitude sites have been predicted to change as a result of global climatic changes. We addressed vegetation responses to three years of experimentally increased summer precipitation in two previously unaddressed tundra types: Betula nana-dominated shrub tundra (northeast Siberia) and a dry Sphagnum fuscum-dominated bog (northern Sweden). Positive responses to approximately doubled ambient precipitation (an increase of 200 mm year(-1)) were observed at the Siberian site, for B. nana (30 % larger length increments), Salix pulchra (leaf size and length increments) and Arctagrostis latifolia (leaf size and specific leaf area), but none were observed at the Swedish site. Total biomass production did not increase at either of the study sites. This study corroborates studies in other tundra vegetation types and shows that despite regional differences at the plant level, total tundra plant productivity is, at least at the short or medium term, largely irresponsive to experimentally increased summer precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Keuper
- />Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 981 07 Abisko, Sweden
| | | | - Daan Blok
- />University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter M. van Bodegom
- />Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- />Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 981 07 Abisko, Sweden
| | - Jurgen R. van Hal
- />Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard S. P. van Logtestijn
- />Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rien Aerts
- />Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Geffen KG, Poorter L, Sass-Klaassen U, van Logtestijn RSP, Cornelissen JHC. The trait contribution to wood decomposition rates of 15 Neotropical tree species. Ecology 2011; 91:3686-97. [PMID: 21302839 DOI: 10.1890/09-2224.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The decomposition of dead wood is a critical uncertainty in models of the global carbon cycle. Despite this, relatively few studies have focused on dead wood decomposition, with a strong bias to higher latitudes. Especially the effect of interspecific variation in species traits on differences in wood decomposition rates remains unknown. In order to fill these gaps, we applied a novel method to study long-term wood decomposition of 15 tree species in a Bolivian semi-evergreen tropical moist forest. We hypothesized that interspecific differences in species traits are important drivers of variation in wood decomposition rates. Wood decomposition rates (fractional mass loss) varied between 0.01 and 0.31 yr(-1). We measured 10 different chemical, anatomical, and morphological traits for all species. The species' average traits were useful predictors of wood decomposition rates, particularly the average diameter (dbh) of the tree species (R2 = 0.41). Lignin concentration further increased the proportion of explained inter-specific variation in wood decomposition (both negative relations, cumulative R2 = 0.55), although it did not significantly explain variation in wood decomposition rates if considered alone. When dbh values of the actual dead trees sampled for decomposition rate determination were used as a predictor variable, the final model (including dead tree dbh and lignin concentration) explained even more variation in wood decomposition rates (R2 = 0.71), underlining the importance of dbh in wood decomposition. Other traits, including wood density, wood anatomical traits, macronutrient concentrations, and the amount of phenolic extractives could not significantly explain the variation in wood decomposition rates. The surprising results of this multi-species study, in which for the first time a large set of traits is explicitly linked to wood decomposition rates, merits further testing in other forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koert G van Geffen
- Department of Systems Ecology, Institute of Ecological Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Freschet GT, Cornelissen JHC, van Logtestijn RSP, Aerts R. Substantial nutrient resorption from leaves, stems and roots in a subarctic flora: what is the link with other resource economics traits? New Phytol 2010; 186:879-889. [PMID: 20345640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
*Nutrient resorption and leaching resistance, through their roles in reducing nutrient losses, are important determinants of plant nutrient economy. However, the contributions of fine-stem and fine-root resorption, as well as leaf leaching resistance, have largely been overlooked. *We quantified the relative contributions of these processes to nutrient depletion of these organs during their senescence using 40 subarctic vascular species from aquatic, riparian and terrestrial environments. We hypothesized that interspecific variation in organ nutrient resorption and leaf leaching would be linked to the species' nutrient acquisitive-conservative strategies, as quantified for a set of common-organ nutrient/carbon economics traits. *The subarctic flora generally had both high resistance to leaching and high internal nutrient recycling. Average nutrient resorption efficiencies were substantial for leaves (nitrogen (N), 66 +/- 3% SE; phosphorus (P), 63 +/- 4%), fine stems (N, 48 +/- 4%; P, 56 +/- 4%) and fine roots (N, 27 +/- 7%; P, 57 +/- 6%). The link between nutrient resorption and other nutrient/carbon economics traits was very weak across species, for all three organs. *These results emphasize the potential importance of resorption processes for the plant nutrient budget. They also highlight the idiosyncrasies of the relationship between resorption processes and plant economics, which is potentially influenced by several plant physiological and structural adaptations to environmental factors other than nutrient stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T Freschet
- Department of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Department of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard S P van Logtestijn
- Department of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rien Aerts
- Department of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Aerts R, Callaghan TV, Dorrepaal E, van Logtestijn RSP, Cornelissen JHC. Seasonal climate manipulations result in species-specific changes in leaf nutrient levels and isotopic composition in a sub-arctic bog. Funct Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Onipchenko VG, Makarov MI, van Logtestijn RSP, Ivanov VB, Akhmetzhanova AA, Tekeev DK, Ermak AA, Salpagarova FS, Kozhevnikova AD, Cornelissen JHC. New nitrogen uptake strategy: specialized snow roots. Ecol Lett 2009; 12:758-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cornelissen JHC, van Bodegom PM, Aerts R, Callaghan TV, van Logtestijn RSP, Alatalo J, Chapin FS, Gerdol R, Gudmundsson J, Gwynn-Jones D, Hartley AE, Hik DS, Hofgaard A, Jónsdóttir IS, Karlsson S, Klein JA, Laundre J, Magnusson B, Michelsen A, Molau U, Onipchenko VG, Quested HM, Sandvik SM, Schmidt IK, Shaver GR, Solheim B, Soudzilovskaia NA, Stenström A, Tolvanen A, Totland Ø, Wada N, Welker JM, Zhao X. Global negative vegetation feedback to climate warming responses of leaf litter decomposition rates in cold biomes. Ecol Lett 2007; 10:619-27. [PMID: 17542940 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Whether climate change will turn cold biomes from large long-term carbon sinks into sources is hotly debated because of the great potential for ecosystem-mediated feedbacks to global climate. Critical are the direction, magnitude and generality of climate responses of plant litter decomposition. Here, we present the first quantitative analysis of the major climate-change-related drivers of litter decomposition rates in cold northern biomes worldwide. Leaf litters collected from the predominant species in 33 global change manipulation experiments in circum-arctic-alpine ecosystems were incubated simultaneously in two contrasting arctic life zones. We demonstrate that longer-term, large-scale changes to leaf litter decomposition will be driven primarily by both direct warming effects and concomitant shifts in plant growth form composition, with a much smaller role for changes in litter quality within species. Specifically, the ongoing warming-induced expansion of shrubs with recalcitrant leaf litter across cold biomes would constitute a negative feedback to global warming. Depending on the strength of other (previously reported) positive feedbacks of shrub expansion on soil carbon turnover, this may partly counteract direct warming enhancement of litter decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Department of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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