1
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Amador-Castro F, González-López ME, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Garcia-Gonzalez A, Díaz-Torres O, Carbajal-Espinosa O, Gradilla-Hernández MS. Internet of Things and citizen science as alternative water quality monitoring approaches and the importance of effective water quality communication. J Environ Manage 2024; 352:119959. [PMID: 38194871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for water and worsening climate change place significant pressure on this vital resource, making its preservation a global priority. Water quality monitoring programs are essential for effectively managing this resource. Current programs rely on traditional monitoring approaches, leading to limitations such as low spatiotemporal resolution and high operational costs. Despite the adoption of novel monitoring approaches that enable better data resolution, the public's comprehension of water quality matters remains low, primarily due to communication process deficiencies. This study explores the advantages and challenges of using Internet of Things (IoT) and citizen science as alternative monitoring approaches, emphasizing the need for enhancing public communication of water quality data. Through a systematic review of studies implemented on-field, we identify and propose strategies to address five key challenges that IoT and citizen science monitoring approaches must overcome to mature into robust sources of water quality information. Additionally, we highlight three fundamental problems affecting the water quality communication process and outline strategies to convey this topic effectively to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Amador-Castro
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramon Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Martín Esteban González-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramon Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez
- Water@leeds, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Gonzalez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Av. General Ramon Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Osiris Díaz-Torres
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramon Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Oscar Carbajal-Espinosa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramon Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
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2
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Esquivel-Muelbert A, Phillips OL, Brienen RJW, Fauset S, Sullivan MJP, Baker TR, Chao KJ, Feldpausch TR, Gloor E, Higuchi N, Houwing-Duistermaat J, Lloyd J, Liu H, Malhi Y, Marimon B, Marimon Junior BH, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Poorter L, Silveira M, Torre EV, Dávila EA, Del Aguila Pasquel J, Almeida E, Loayza PA, Andrade A, Aragão LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets E, Arroyo L, Aymard C GA, Baisie M, Baraloto C, Camargo PB, Barroso J, Blanc L, Bonal D, Bongers F, Boot R, Brown F, Burban B, Camargo JL, Castro W, Moscoso VC, Chave J, Comiskey J, Valverde FC, da Costa AL, Cardozo ND, Di Fiore A, Dourdain A, Erwin T, Llampazo GF, Vieira ICG, Herrera R, Honorio Coronado E, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Jimenez-Rojas E, Killeen T, Laurance S, Laurance W, Levesley A, Lewis SL, Ladvocat KLLM, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Lovejoy T, Meir P, Mendoza C, Morandi P, Neill D, Nogueira Lima AJ, Vargas PN, de Oliveira EA, Camacho NP, Pardo G, Peacock J, Peña-Claros M, Peñuela-Mora MC, Pickavance G, Pipoly J, Pitman N, Prieto A, Pugh TAM, Quesada C, Ramirez-Angulo H, de Almeida Reis SM, Rejou-Machain M, Correa ZR, Bayona LR, Rudas A, Salomão R, Serrano J, Espejo JS, Silva N, Singh J, Stahl C, Stropp J, Swamy V, Talbot J, Ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Toledo M, Torres-Lezama A, Gamarra LV, van der Heijden G, van der Meer P, van der Hout P, Martinez RV, Vieira SA, Cayo JV, Vos V, Zagt R, Zuidema P, Galbraith D. Author Correction: Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests. Nat Commun 2021; 12:209. [PMID: 33397985 PMCID: PMC7782710 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert
- School of Geography, Earth and Enviornmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | | | - Sophie Fauset
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Martin J P Sullivan
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Kuo-Jung Chao
- International Master Program of Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Niro Higuchi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Jon Lloyd
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life, Imperial College London Sciences, London, UK
| | - Haiyan Liu
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beatriz Marimon
- UNEMAT - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso PPG-Ecologia e Conservação, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon Junior
- UNEMAT - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso PPG-Ecologia e Conservação, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Emilio Vilanova Torre
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela.,University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Esteban Alvarez Dávila
- Escuela de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Boyacá, Colombia.,Fundación ConVida, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Everton Almeida
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Patricia Alvarez Loayza
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, University in Durham, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ana Andrade
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Florestais, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Eric Arets
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Dirección de la Carrera de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Portuguesa, Venezuela Compensation International Progress S.A. Ciprogress-Greenlife, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Michel Baisie
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Jorcely Barroso
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lilian Blanc
- UR Forest & Societies, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Bonal
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - René Boot
- Department of Biology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Benoit Burban
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Florestais, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Wendeson Castro
- Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | | | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversite Biologique, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - James Comiskey
- Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Antonio Lola da Costa
- Instituto de Geociências, Faculdade de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Para, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology and Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Aurélie Dourdain
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Terry Erwin
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Rafael Herrera
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela.,IIAMA, Universitat Politécnica de València, València, Spain
| | | | | | - Eliana Jimenez-Rojas
- Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Imani, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonia, Leticia, Colombia
| | | | - Susan Laurance
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - William Laurance
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Thomas Lovejoy
- Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Escuela de Ciencias Forestales, Unidad Académica del Trópico, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Paulo Morandi
- UNEMAT - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso PPG-Ecologia e Conservação, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - David Neill
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Edmar Almeida de Oliveira
- UNEMAT - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso PPG-Ecologia e Conservação, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Nadir Pallqui Camacho
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Guido Pardo
- Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Trinidad, Bolivia
| | | | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - John Pipoly
- Broward County Parks Recreation, Oakland Park, FL, USA
| | - Nigel Pitman
- Keller Science Action Center, Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Thomas A M Pugh
- School of Geography, Earth and Enviornmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carlos Quesada
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Institute of Research for Forestry Development (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Simone Matias de Almeida Reis
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,UNEMAT - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso PPG-Ecologia e Conservação, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Maxime Rejou-Machain
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | | | - Lily Rodriguez Bayona
- Centro de Conservacion, Investigacion y Manejo de Areas Naturales, CIMA Cordillera Azul, Lima, Peru
| | - Agustín Rudas
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Salomão
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil.,Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Julio Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Javier Silva Espejo
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú.,Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | | | - James Singh
- Guyana Forestry Commission, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Clement Stahl
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | | | - Varun Swamy
- Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA, USA
| | - Joey Talbot
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Systems Ecology, Free University, De Boelelaan 1087, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - John Terborgh
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | | | | | | | - Peter van der Meer
- Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Simone Aparecida Vieira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Vincent Vos
- Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Trinidad, Bolivia
| | | | - Pieter Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | |
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3
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Esquivel-Muelbert A, Phillips OL, Brienen RJW, Fauset S, Sullivan MJP, Baker TR, Chao KJ, Feldpausch TR, Gloor E, Higuchi N, Houwing-Duistermaat J, Lloyd J, Liu H, Malhi Y, Marimon B, Marimon Junior BH, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Poorter L, Silveira M, Torre EV, Dávila EA, Del Aguila Pasquel J, Almeida E, Loayza PA, Andrade A, Aragão LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets E, Arroyo L, Aymard C GA, Baisie M, Baraloto C, Camargo PB, Barroso J, Blanc L, Bonal D, Bongers F, Boot R, Brown F, Burban B, Camargo JL, Castro W, Moscoso VC, Chave J, Comiskey J, Valverde FC, da Costa AL, Cardozo ND, Di Fiore A, Dourdain A, Erwin T, Llampazo GF, Vieira ICG, Herrera R, Honorio Coronado E, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Jimenez-Rojas E, Killeen T, Laurance S, Laurance W, Levesley A, Lewis SL, Ladvocat KLLM, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Lovejoy T, Meir P, Mendoza C, Morandi P, Neill D, Nogueira Lima AJ, Vargas PN, de Oliveira EA, Camacho NP, Pardo G, Peacock J, Peña-Claros M, Peñuela-Mora MC, Pickavance G, Pipoly J, Pitman N, Prieto A, Pugh TAM, Quesada C, Ramirez-Angulo H, de Almeida Reis SM, Rejou-Machain M, Correa ZR, Bayona LR, Rudas A, Salomão R, Serrano J, Espejo JS, Silva N, Singh J, Stahl C, Stropp J, Swamy V, Talbot J, Ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Toledo M, Torres-Lezama A, Gamarra LV, van der Heijden G, van der Meer P, van der Hout P, Martinez RV, Vieira SA, Cayo JV, Vos V, Zagt R, Zuidema P, Galbraith D. Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5515. [PMID: 33168823 PMCID: PMC7652827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbon sink capacity of tropical forests is substantially affected by tree mortality. However, the main drivers of tropical tree death remain largely unknown. Here we present a pan-Amazonian assessment of how and why trees die, analysing over 120,000 trees representing > 3800 species from 189 long-term RAINFOR forest plots. While tree mortality rates vary greatly Amazon-wide, on average trees are as likely to die standing as they are broken or uprooted-modes of death with different ecological consequences. Species-level growth rate is the single most important predictor of tree death in Amazonia, with faster-growing species being at higher risk. Within species, however, the slowest-growing trees are at greatest risk while the effect of tree size varies across the basin. In the driest Amazonian region species-level bioclimatic distributional patterns also predict the risk of death, suggesting that these forests are experiencing climatic conditions beyond their adaptative limits. These results provide not only a holistic pan-Amazonian picture of tree death but large-scale evidence for the overarching importance of the growth-survival trade-off in driving tropical tree mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert
- School of Geography, Earth and Enviornmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | | | - Sophie Fauset
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Martin J P Sullivan
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Kuo-Jung Chao
- International Master Program of Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Niro Higuchi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Jon Lloyd
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life, Imperial College London Sciences, London, UK
| | - Haiyan Liu
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beatriz Marimon
- UNEMAT - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso PPG-Ecologia e Conservação, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon Junior
- UNEMAT - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso PPG-Ecologia e Conservação, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Emilio Vilanova Torre
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Esteban Alvarez Dávila
- Escuela de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Boyacá, Colombia
- Fundación ConVida, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Everton Almeida
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Patricia Alvarez Loayza
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, University in Durham, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ana Andrade
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Florestais, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Eric Arets
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Dirección de la Carrera de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Portuguesa, Venezuela Compensation International Progress S.A. Ciprogress-Greenlife, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Michel Baisie
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Jorcely Barroso
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lilian Blanc
- UR Forest & Societies, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Bonal
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - René Boot
- Department of Biology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Benoit Burban
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Florestais, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Wendeson Castro
- Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | | | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversite Biologique, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - James Comiskey
- Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Antonio Lola da Costa
- Instituto de Geociências, Faculdade de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Para, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology and Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Aurélie Dourdain
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Terry Erwin
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Rafael Herrera
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
- IIAMA, Universitat Politécnica de València, València, Spain
| | | | | | - Eliana Jimenez-Rojas
- Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Imani, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonia, Leticia, Colombia
| | | | - Susan Laurance
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - William Laurance
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Thomas Lovejoy
- Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Escuela de Ciencias Forestales, Unidad Académica del Trópico, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Paulo Morandi
- UNEMAT - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso PPG-Ecologia e Conservação, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - David Neill
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Edmar Almeida de Oliveira
- UNEMAT - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso PPG-Ecologia e Conservação, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Nadir Pallqui Camacho
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - Guido Pardo
- Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Trinidad, Bolivia
| | | | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - John Pipoly
- Broward County Parks Recreation, Oakland Park, FL, USA
| | - Nigel Pitman
- Keller Science Action Center, Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Thomas A M Pugh
- School of Geography, Earth and Enviornmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carlos Quesada
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Institute of Research for Forestry Development (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Simone Matias de Almeida Reis
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- UNEMAT - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso PPG-Ecologia e Conservação, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Maxime Rejou-Machain
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | | | - Lily Rodriguez Bayona
- Centro de Conservacion, Investigacion y Manejo de Areas Naturales, CIMA Cordillera Azul, Lima, Peru
| | - Agustín Rudas
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Salomão
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Julio Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Javier Silva Espejo
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | | | - James Singh
- Guyana Forestry Commission, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Clement Stahl
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | | | - Varun Swamy
- Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA, USA
| | - Joey Talbot
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Systems Ecology, Free University, De Boelelaan 1087, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - John Terborgh
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | | | | | | | - Peter van der Meer
- Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Simone Aparecida Vieira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Vincent Vos
- Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Trinidad, Bolivia
| | | | - Pieter Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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4
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Sullivan MJP, Lewis SL, Affum-Baffoe K, Castilho C, Costa F, Sanchez AC, Ewango CEN, Hubau W, Marimon B, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Qie L, Sonké B, Martinez RV, Baker TR, Brienen RJW, Feldpausch TR, Galbraith D, Gloor M, Malhi Y, Aiba SI, Alexiades MN, Almeida EC, de Oliveira EA, Dávila EÁ, Loayza PA, Andrade A, Vieira SA, Aragão LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Arroyo L, Ashton P, Aymard C. G, Baccaro FB, Banin LF, Baraloto C, Camargo PB, Barlow J, Barroso J, Bastin JF, Batterman SA, Beeckman H, Begne SK, Bennett AC, Berenguer E, Berry N, Blanc L, Boeckx P, Bogaert J, Bonal D, Bongers F, Bradford M, Brearley FQ, Brncic T, Brown F, Burban B, Camargo JL, Castro W, Céron C, Ribeiro SC, Moscoso VC, Chave J, Chezeaux E, Clark CJ, de Souza FC, Collins M, Comiskey JA, Valverde FC, Medina MC, da Costa L, Dančák M, Dargie GC, Davies S, Cardozo ND, de Haulleville T, de Medeiros MB, del Aguila Pasquel J, Derroire G, Di Fiore A, Doucet JL, Dourdain A, Droissart V, Duque LF, Ekoungoulou R, Elias F, Erwin T, Esquivel-Muelbert A, Fauset S, Ferreira J, Llampazo GF, Foli E, Ford A, Gilpin M, Hall JS, Hamer KC, Hamilton AC, Harris DJ, Hart TB, Hédl R, Herault B, Herrera R, Higuchi N, Hladik A, Coronado EH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Huasco WH, Jeffery KJ, Jimenez-Rojas E, Kalamandeen M, Djuikouo MNK, Kearsley E, Umetsu RK, Kho LK, Killeen T, Kitayama K, Klitgaard B, Koch A, Labrière N, Laurance W, Laurance S, Leal ME, Levesley A, Lima AJN, Lisingo J, Lopes AP, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Lovejoy T, Lovett JC, Lowe R, Magnusson WE, Malumbres-Olarte J, Manzatto ÂG, Marimon BH, Marshall AR, Marthews T, de Almeida Reis SM, Maycock C, Melgaço K, Mendoza C, Metali F, Mihindou V, Milliken W, Mitchard ETA, Morandi PS, Mossman HL, Nagy L, Nascimento H, Neill D, Nilus R, Vargas PN, Palacios W, Camacho NP, Peacock J, Pendry C, Peñuela Mora MC, Pickavance GC, Pipoly J, Pitman N, Playfair M, Poorter L, Poulsen JR, Poulsen AD, Preziosi R, Prieto A, Primack RB, Ramírez-Angulo H, Reitsma J, Réjou-Méchain M, Correa ZR, de Sousa TR, Bayona LR, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Rutishauser E, Abu Salim K, Salomão RP, Schietti J, Sheil D, Silva RC, Espejo JS, Valeria CS, Silveira M, Simo-Droissart M, Simon MF, Singh J, Soto Shareva YC, Stahl C, Stropp J, Sukri R, Sunderland T, Svátek M, Swaine MD, Swamy V, Taedoumg H, Talbot J, Taplin J, Taylor D, ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Thomas SC, Torres-Lezama A, Umunay P, Gamarra LV, van der Heijden G, van der Hout P, van der Meer P, van Nieuwstadt M, Verbeeck H, Vernimmen R, Vicentini A, Vieira ICG, Torre EV, Vleminckx J, Vos V, Wang O, White LJT, Willcock S, Woods JT, Wortel V, Young K, Zagt R, Zemagho L, Zuidema PA, Zwerts JA, Phillips OL. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests. Science 2020; 368:869-874. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw7578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. P. Sullivan
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon L. Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Carolina Castilho
- Embrapa Roraima, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Flávia Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Aida Cuni Sanchez
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Corneille E. N. Ewango
- DR Congo Programme, Wildlife Conservation Society, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Conservation Forestiere (CEFRECOF), Epulu, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Wannes Hubau
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Department of Environment, Laboratory of Wood Technology (Woodlab), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Marimon
- UNEMAT - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina-MT, Brazil
| | | | - Lan Qie
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Ted R. Feldpausch
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Manuel Gloor
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shin-Ichiro Aiba
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Everton C. Almeida
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém - PA, Brazil
| | | | - Esteban Álvarez Dávila
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente, National Open University and Distance, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Ana Andrade
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz E. O. C. Aragão
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Dirección de la Carrera de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Peter Ashton
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gerardo Aymard C.
- Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario, Guanare, Venezuela
| | | | | | - Christopher Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Plínio Barbosa Camargo
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jorcely Barroso
- Centro Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, AC, Brazil
| | - Jean-François Bastin
- Institure of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Environment, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVELab), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah A. Batterman
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Panama
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Serge K. Begne
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Lilian Blanc
- UR Forest and Societies, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory (ISOFYS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Bogaert
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Francis Q. Brearley
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Terry Brncic
- Congo Programme, Wildlife Conservation Society, Brazzavile, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Benoit Burban
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, French Guiana
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wendeson Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Carlos Céron
- Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | | | - Jerôme Chave
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174 (CNRS/IRD/UPS), CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Connie J. Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Murray Collins
- Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London, UK
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James A. Comiskey
- Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, Fredericksburg, VA, USA
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Lola da Costa
- Instituto de Geociências, Faculdade de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Martin Dančák
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Stuart Davies
- Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Panama
| | | | - Thales de Haulleville
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Géraldine Derroire
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Doucet
- Forest Resources Management, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Dourdain
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Vincent Droissart
- AMAP, Universite de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Fernando Elias
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Terry Erwin
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Sophie Fauset
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Ernest Foli
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG), Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Jefferson S. Hall
- Smithsonian Institution Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Terese B. Hart
- Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Herault
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory (ISOFYS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Rafael Herrera
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Niro Higuchi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Annette Hladik
- Département Hommes, Natures, Sociétés, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturel, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Kathryn J. Jeffery
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Michelle Kalamandeen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marie Noël Kamdem Djuikouo
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Department of Environment, Laboratory of Wood Technology (Woodlab), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- Department of Environment, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVELab), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Lip Khoon Kho
- Tropical Peat Research Institute, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Koch
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Ful Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nicolas Labrière
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174 (CNRS/IRD/UPS), CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - William Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Miguel E. Leal
- Uganda Programme, Wildlife Conservation Society, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Janvier Lisingo
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Aline P. Lopes
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tom Lovejoy
- Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jon C. Lovett
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, London, UK
| | - Richard Lowe
- Botany Department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - William E. Magnusson
- Coordenação da Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Mauaus, Brazil
| | - Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
- LIBRe – Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ângelo Gilberto Manzatto
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental Wolfgang C. Pfeiffer, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho - RO, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas, Universidad do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina-MT, Brazil
| | - Andrew R. Marshall
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- Flamingo Land Ltd., North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Toby Marthews
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Simone Matias de Almeida Reis
- UNEMAT - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina-MT, Brazil
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin Maycock
- School of International Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | | | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Escuela de Ciencias Forestales, Unidad Académica del Trópico, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Sacta, Bolivia
| | - Faizah Metali
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei
| | - Vianet Mihindou
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Libreville, Gabon
- Ministère de la Forêt, de la Mer, de l'Environnement, Chargé du Plan Climat, Libreville, Gabon
| | | | | | - Paulo S. Morandi
- UNEMAT - Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina-MT, Brazil
| | - Hannah L. Mossman
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - David Neill
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - Reuben Nilus
- Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, Sepilok, Malaysia
| | - Percy Núñez Vargas
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Walter Palacios
- Carrera de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Tecnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador
| | - Nadir Pallqui Camacho
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | | | - John Pipoly
- Public Communications and Outreach Group, Parks and Recreation Division, Oakland Park, FL, USA
| | - Nigel Pitman
- Keller Science Action Center, Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maureen Playfair
- Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - John R. Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Richard Preziosi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Leticia, Colombia
| | | | - Hirma Ramírez-Angulo
- Institute of Research for Forestry Development (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | | | - Lily Rodriguez Bayona
- Centro de Conservacion, Investigacion y Manejo de Areas Naturales, CIMA Cordillera Azul, Lima, Peru
| | - Anand Roopsind
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Agustín Rudas
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Leticia, Colombia
| | - Ervan Rutishauser
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Panama
- Carboforexpert, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Rafael P. Salomão
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia/CAPES, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Juliana Schietti
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Richarlly C. Silva
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Silveira
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Murielle Simo-Droissart
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marcelo Fragomeni Simon
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Brazil
| | - James Singh
- Guyana Forestry Commission, Georgetown, Guyana
| | | | - Clement Stahl
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rahayu Sukri
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei
| | - Terry Sunderland
- Sustainable Landscapes and Food Systems, Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael D. Swaine
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Varun Swamy
- Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo, San Diego, CA. USA
| | - Hermann Taedoumg
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Bioversity International, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Joey Talbot
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - James Taplin
- UK Research and Innovation, Innovate UK, London, UK
| | - David Taylor
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hans ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - John Terborgh
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Sean C. Thomas
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Peter Umunay
- Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hans Verbeeck
- Department of Environment, Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVELab), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Emilio Vilanova Torre
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, OR, USA
| | - Jason Vleminckx
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vincent Vos
- Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, La Paz, Bolivia
- Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Riberalta, Bolivia
| | - Ophelia Wang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Lee J. T. White
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Libreville, Gabon
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Simon Willcock
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Bangor, Bangor, UK
| | | | - Verginia Wortel
- Forest Management, Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Kenneth Young
- Department of Geography and The Environment, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Lise Zemagho
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pieter A. Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Joeri A. Zwerts
- Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Paramaribo, Suriname
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Hubau W, Lewis SL, Phillips OL, Affum-Baffoe K, Beeckman H, Cuní-Sanchez A, Daniels AK, Ewango CEN, Fauset S, Mukinzi JM, Sheil D, Sonké B, Sullivan MJP, Sunderland TCH, Taedoumg H, Thomas SC, White LJT, Abernethy KA, Adu-Bredu S, Amani CA, Baker TR, Banin LF, Baya F, Begne SK, Bennett AC, Benedet F, Bitariho R, Bocko YE, Boeckx P, Boundja P, Brienen RJW, Brncic T, Chezeaux E, Chuyong GB, Clark CJ, Collins M, Comiskey JA, Coomes DA, Dargie GC, de Haulleville T, Kamdem MND, Doucet JL, Esquivel-Muelbert A, Feldpausch TR, Fofanah A, Foli EG, Gilpin M, Gloor E, Gonmadje C, Gourlet-Fleury S, Hall JS, Hamilton AC, Harris DJ, Hart TB, Hockemba MBN, Hladik A, Ifo SA, Jeffery KJ, Jucker T, Yakusu EK, Kearsley E, Kenfack D, Koch A, Leal ME, Levesley A, Lindsell JA, Lisingo J, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Lovett JC, Makana JR, Malhi Y, Marshall AR, Martin J, Martin EH, Mbayu FM, Medjibe VP, Mihindou V, Mitchard ETA, Moore S, Munishi PKT, Bengone NN, Ojo L, Ondo FE, Peh KSH, Pickavance GC, Poulsen AD, Poulsen JR, Qie L, Reitsma J, Rovero F, Swaine MD, Talbot J, Taplin J, Taylor DM, Thomas DW, Toirambe B, Mukendi JT, Tuagben D, Umunay PM, van der Heijden GMF, Verbeeck H, Vleminckx J, Willcock S, Wöll H, Woods JT, Zemagho L. Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests. Nature 2020; 579:80-87. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kattge J, Bönisch G, Díaz S, Lavorel S, Prentice IC, Leadley P, Tautenhahn S, Werner GDA, Aakala T, Abedi M, Acosta ATR, Adamidis GC, Adamson K, Aiba M, Albert CH, Alcántara JM, Alcázar C C, Aleixo I, Ali H, Amiaud B, Ammer C, Amoroso MM, Anand M, Anderson C, Anten N, Antos J, Apgaua DMG, Ashman TL, Asmara DH, Asner GP, Aspinwall M, Atkin O, Aubin I, Baastrup-Spohr L, Bahalkeh K, Bahn M, Baker T, Baker WJ, Bakker JP, Baldocchi D, Baltzer J, Banerjee A, Baranger A, Barlow J, Barneche DR, Baruch Z, Bastianelli D, Battles J, Bauerle W, Bauters M, Bazzato E, Beckmann M, Beeckman H, Beierkuhnlein C, Bekker R, Belfry G, Belluau M, Beloiu M, Benavides R, Benomar L, Berdugo-Lattke ML, Berenguer E, Bergamin R, Bergmann J, Bergmann Carlucci M, Berner L, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Bigler C, Bjorkman AD, Blackman C, Blanco C, Blonder B, Blumenthal D, Bocanegra-González KT, Boeckx P, Bohlman S, Böhning-Gaese K, Boisvert-Marsh L, Bond W, Bond-Lamberty B, Boom A, Boonman CCF, Bordin K, Boughton EH, Boukili V, Bowman DMJS, Bravo S, Brendel MR, Broadley MR, Brown KA, Bruelheide H, Brumnich F, Bruun HH, Bruy D, Buchanan SW, Bucher SF, Buchmann N, Buitenwerf R, Bunker DE, Bürger J, Burrascano S, Burslem DFRP, Butterfield BJ, Byun C, Marques M, Scalon MC, Caccianiga M, Cadotte M, Cailleret M, Camac J, Camarero JJ, Campany C, Campetella G, Campos JA, Cano-Arboleda L, Canullo R, Carbognani M, Carvalho F, Casanoves F, Castagneyrol B, Catford JA, Cavender-Bares J, Cerabolini BEL, Cervellini M, Chacón-Madrigal E, Chapin K, Chapin FS, Chelli S, Chen SC, Chen A, Cherubini P, Chianucci F, Choat B, Chung KS, Chytrý M, Ciccarelli D, Coll L, Collins CG, Conti L, Coomes D, Cornelissen JHC, Cornwell WK, Corona P, Coyea M, Craine J, Craven D, Cromsigt JPGM, Csecserits A, Cufar K, Cuntz M, da Silva AC, Dahlin KM, Dainese M, Dalke I, Dalle Fratte M, Dang-Le AT, Danihelka J, Dannoura M, Dawson S, de Beer AJ, De Frutos A, De Long JR, Dechant B, Delagrange S, Delpierre N, Derroire G, Dias AS, Diaz-Toribio MH, Dimitrakopoulos PG, Dobrowolski M, Doktor D, Dřevojan P, Dong N, Dransfield J, Dressler S, Duarte L, Ducouret E, Dullinger S, Durka W, Duursma R, Dymova O, E-Vojtkó A, Eckstein RL, Ejtehadi H, Elser J, Emilio T, Engemann K, Erfanian MB, Erfmeier A, Esquivel-Muelbert A, Esser G, Estiarte M, Domingues TF, Fagan WF, Fagúndez J, Falster DS, Fan Y, Fang J, Farris E, Fazlioglu F, Feng Y, Fernandez-Mendez F, Ferrara C, Ferreira J, Fidelis A, Finegan B, Firn J, Flowers TJ, Flynn DFB, Fontana V, Forey E, Forgiarini C, François L, Frangipani M, Frank D, Frenette-Dussault C, Freschet GT, Fry EL, Fyllas NM, Mazzochini GG, Gachet S, Gallagher R, Ganade G, Ganga F, García-Palacios P, Gargaglione V, Garnier E, Garrido JL, de Gasper AL, Gea-Izquierdo G, Gibson D, Gillison AN, Giroldo A, Glasenhardt MC, Gleason S, Gliesch M, Goldberg E, Göldel B, Gonzalez-Akre E, Gonzalez-Andujar JL, González-Melo A, González-Robles A, Graae BJ, Granda E, Graves S, Green WA, Gregor T, Gross N, Guerin GR, Günther A, Gutiérrez AG, Haddock L, Haines A, Hall J, Hambuckers A, Han W, Harrison SP, Hattingh W, Hawes JE, He T, He P, Heberling JM, Helm A, Hempel S, Hentschel J, Hérault B, Hereş AM, Herz K, Heuertz M, Hickler T, Hietz P, Higuchi P, Hipp AL, Hirons A, Hock M, Hogan JA, Holl K, Honnay O, Hornstein D, Hou E, Hough-Snee N, Hovstad KA, Ichie T, Igić B, Illa E, Isaac M, Ishihara M, Ivanov L, Ivanova L, Iversen CM, Izquierdo J, Jackson RB, Jackson B, Jactel H, Jagodzinski AM, Jandt U, Jansen S, Jenkins T, Jentsch A, Jespersen JRP, Jiang GF, Johansen JL, Johnson D, Jokela EJ, Joly CA, Jordan GJ, Joseph GS, Junaedi D, Junker RR, Justes E, Kabzems R, Kane J, Kaplan Z, Kattenborn T, Kavelenova L, Kearsley E, Kempel A, Kenzo T, Kerkhoff A, Khalil MI, Kinlock NL, Kissling WD, Kitajima K, Kitzberger T, Kjøller R, Klein T, Kleyer M, Klimešová J, Klipel J, Kloeppel B, Klotz S, Knops JMH, Kohyama T, Koike F, Kollmann J, Komac B, Komatsu K, König C, Kraft NJB, Kramer K, Kreft H, Kühn I, Kumarathunge D, Kuppler J, Kurokawa H, Kurosawa Y, Kuyah S, Laclau JP, Lafleur B, Lallai E, Lamb E, Lamprecht A, Larkin DJ, Laughlin D, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y, le Maire G, le Roux PC, le Roux E, Lee T, Lens F, Lewis SL, Lhotsky B, Li Y, Li X, Lichstein JW, Liebergesell M, Lim JY, Lin YS, Linares JC, Liu C, Liu D, Liu U, Livingstone S, Llusià J, Lohbeck M, López-García Á, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Lososová Z, Louault F, Lukács BA, Lukeš P, Luo Y, Lussu M, Ma S, Maciel Rabelo Pereira C, Mack M, Maire V, Mäkelä A, Mäkinen H, Malhado ACM, Mallik A, Manning P, Manzoni S, Marchetti Z, Marchino L, Marcilio-Silva V, Marcon E, Marignani M, Markesteijn L, Martin A, Martínez-Garza C, Martínez-Vilalta J, Mašková T, Mason K, Mason N, Massad TJ, Masse J, Mayrose I, McCarthy J, McCormack ML, McCulloh K, McFadden IR, McGill BJ, McPartland MY, Medeiros JS, Medlyn B, Meerts P, Mehrabi Z, Meir P, Melo FPL, Mencuccini M, Meredieu C, Messier J, Mészáros I, Metsaranta J, Michaletz ST, Michelaki C, Migalina S, Milla R, Miller JED, Minden V, Ming R, Mokany K, Moles AT, Molnár A, Molofsky J, Molz M, Montgomery RA, Monty A, Moravcová L, Moreno-Martínez A, Moretti M, Mori AS, Mori S, Morris D, Morrison J, Mucina L, Mueller S, Muir CD, Müller SC, Munoz F, Myers-Smith IH, Myster RW, Nagano M, Naidu S, Narayanan A, Natesan B, Negoita L, Nelson AS, Neuschulz EL, Ni J, Niedrist G, Nieto J, Niinemets Ü, Nolan R, Nottebrock H, Nouvellon Y, Novakovskiy A, Nystuen KO, O'Grady A, O'Hara K, O'Reilly-Nugent A, Oakley S, Oberhuber W, Ohtsuka T, Oliveira R, Öllerer K, Olson ME, Onipchenko V, Onoda Y, Onstein RE, Ordonez JC, Osada N, Ostonen I, Ottaviani G, Otto S, Overbeck GE, Ozinga WA, Pahl AT, Paine CET, Pakeman RJ, Papageorgiou AC, Parfionova E, Pärtel M, Patacca M, Paula S, Paule J, Pauli H, Pausas JG, Peco B, Penuelas J, Perea A, Peri PL, Petisco-Souza AC, Petraglia A, Petritan AM, Phillips OL, Pierce S, Pillar VD, Pisek J, Pomogaybin A, Poorter H, Portsmuth A, Poschlod P, Potvin C, Pounds D, Powell AS, Power SA, Prinzing A, Puglielli G, Pyšek P, Raevel V, Rammig A, Ransijn J, Ray CA, Reich PB, Reichstein M, Reid DEB, Réjou-Méchain M, de Dios VR, Ribeiro S, Richardson S, Riibak K, Rillig MC, Riviera F, Robert EMR, Roberts S, Robroek B, Roddy A, Rodrigues AV, Rogers A, Rollinson E, Rolo V, Römermann C, Ronzhina D, Roscher C, Rosell JA, Rosenfield MF, Rossi C, Roy DB, Royer-Tardif S, Rüger N, Ruiz-Peinado R, Rumpf SB, Rusch GM, Ryo M, Sack L, Saldaña A, Salgado-Negret B, Salguero-Gomez R, Santa-Regina I, Santacruz-García AC, Santos J, Sardans J, Schamp B, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schleuning M, Schmid B, Schmidt M, Schmitt S, Schneider JV, Schowanek SD, Schrader J, Schrodt F, Schuldt B, Schurr F, Selaya Garvizu G, Semchenko M, Seymour C, Sfair JC, Sharpe JM, Sheppard CS, Sheremetiev S, Shiodera S, Shipley B, Shovon TA, Siebenkäs A, Sierra C, Silva V, Silva M, Sitzia T, Sjöman H, Slot M, Smith NG, Sodhi D, Soltis P, Soltis D, Somers B, Sonnier G, Sørensen MV, Sosinski EE, Soudzilovskaia NA, Souza AF, Spasojevic M, Sperandii MG, Stan AB, Stegen J, Steinbauer K, Stephan JG, Sterck F, Stojanovic DB, Strydom T, Suarez ML, Svenning JC, Svitková I, Svitok M, Svoboda M, Swaine E, Swenson N, Tabarelli M, Takagi K, Tappeiner U, Tarifa R, Tauugourdeau S, Tavsanoglu C, Te Beest M, Tedersoo L, Thiffault N, Thom D, Thomas E, Thompson K, Thornton PE, Thuiller W, Tichý L, Tissue D, Tjoelker MG, Tng DYP, Tobias J, Török P, Tarin T, Torres-Ruiz JM, Tóthmérész B, Treurnicht M, Trivellone V, Trolliet F, Trotsiuk V, Tsakalos JL, Tsiripidis I, Tysklind N, Umehara T, Usoltsev V, Vadeboncoeur M, Vaezi J, Valladares F, Vamosi J, van Bodegom PM, van Breugel M, Van Cleemput E, van de Weg M, van der Merwe S, van der Plas F, van der Sande MT, van Kleunen M, Van Meerbeek K, Vanderwel M, Vanselow KA, Vårhammar A, Varone L, Vasquez Valderrama MY, Vassilev K, Vellend M, Veneklaas EJ, Verbeeck H, Verheyen K, Vibrans A, Vieira I, Villacís J, Violle C, Vivek P, Wagner K, Waldram M, Waldron A, Walker AP, Waller M, Walther G, Wang H, Wang F, Wang W, Watkins H, Watkins J, Weber U, Weedon JT, Wei L, Weigelt P, Weiher E, Wells AW, Wellstein C, Wenk E, Westoby M, Westwood A, White PJ, Whitten M, Williams M, Winkler DE, Winter K, Womack C, Wright IJ, Wright SJ, Wright J, Pinho BX, Ximenes F, Yamada T, Yamaji K, Yanai R, Yankov N, Yguel B, Zanini KJ, Zanne AE, Zelený D, Zhao YP, Zheng J, Zheng J, Ziemińska K, Zirbel CR, Zizka G, Zo-Bi IC, Zotz G, Wirth C. TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:119-188. [PMID: 31891233 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Díaz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), and Factulad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Paul Leadley
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Gijsbert D A Werner
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | | | - George C Adamidis
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kairi Adamson
- Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Masahiro Aiba
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Cécile H Albert
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Izabela Aleixo
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Hamada Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Christian Ammer
- Forest Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariano M Amoroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, El Bolsón, Argentina
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Carolyn Anderson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Niels Anten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Degi Harja Asmara
- Centre for Forest Research, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Michael Aspinwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Owen Atkin
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Isabelle Aubin
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | | | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Jan P Bakker
- Conservation Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Baltzer
- Biology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Arindam Banerjee
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Diego R Barneche
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Zdravko Baruch
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Denis Bastianelli
- CIRAD, UMR SELMET, Montpellier, France
- SELMET, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, France
| | - John Battles
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William Bauerle
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Erika Bazzato
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michael Beckmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Renee Bekker
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology (GIA), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin Belfry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - Michael Belluau
- Département des Science, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mirela Beloiu
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | - Mary Lee Berdugo-Lattke
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Fundación Natura, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rodrigo Bergamin
- Laboratório de Estudos em Vegetação Campestre (LEVCamp), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcos Bergmann Carlucci
- Laboratório de Ecologia Funcional de Comunidades (LABEF), Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Logan Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Anne D Bjorkman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chris Blackman
- PIAF, INRA, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carolina Blanco
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dana Blumenthal
- USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kelly T Bocanegra-González
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Dinámica de Ecosistémas Tropicales - Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Bohlman
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katrin Böhning-Gaese
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura Boisvert-Marsh
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - William Bond
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAEON Fynbos Node, Claremont, South Africa
| | | | - Arnoud Boom
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Coline C F Boonman
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kauane Bordin
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Boukili
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Sandra Bravo
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Marco Richard Brendel
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Kerry A Brown
- Department of Geography and Geology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Federico Brumnich
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FICH-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bruy
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, Herbier de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | | | | | | | - Robert Buitenwerf
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jana Bürger
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Bradley J Butterfield
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Chaeho Byun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Marcia Marques
- Departamento de Botânica, SCB, UFPR - Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marina C Scalon
- Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marc Cadotte
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- IRSTEA Aix-en-Provence, UMR RECOVER, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - James Camac
- Centre of Excellence for Bioscurity Risk Analysis, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | - Giandiego Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Juan Antonio Campos
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laura Cano-Arboleda
- Fundación Natura, Bogota, Colombia
- Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Roberto Canullo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Carvalho
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Fernando Casanoves
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | | | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Bruno E L Cerabolini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cervellini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- BIGEA, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - F Stuart Chapin
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Stefano Chelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lluís Coll
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Engineering (EAGROF), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain
| | | | - Luisa Conti
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - David Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William K Cornwell
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Marie Coyea
- Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joris P G M Cromsigt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | | | - Katarina Cufar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matthias Cuntz
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | | | - Kyla M Dahlin
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matteo Dainese
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Igor Dalke
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Michele Dalle Fratte
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Anh Tuan Dang-Le
- University of Science - Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jirí Danihelka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Masako Dannoura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Samantha Dawson
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arend Jacobus de Beer
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Angel De Frutos
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonathan R De Long
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Dechant
- Department Computational Landscape Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Department Computational Hydrosystems, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sylvain Delagrange
- Institute of Temperate Forest Sciences (ISFORT), Ripon, QC, Canada
- UQO, Department of Natural Sciences, Ripon, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Delpierre
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana, France
| | - Arildo S Dias
- Institut für Physische Geographie, Biogeography and Biodiversity Lab, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Mark Dobrowolski
- Iluka Resources, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel Doktor
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pavel Dřevojan
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Stefan Dressler
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Leandro Duarte
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emilie Ducouret
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana, France
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Durka
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | - Remko Duursma
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olga Dymova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Anna E-Vojtkó
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Rolf Lutz Eckstein
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences - Biology, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Hamid Ejtehadi
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - James Elser
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT, USA
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thaise Emilio
- Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado (PNPD), Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Kristine Engemann
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Bagher Erfanian
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alexandra Erfmeier
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Ecosystem Research/Geobotany, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences - University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gerd Esser
- Institute for Plant Ecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marc Estiarte
- Spanish National Research Council - CSIC, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Jaime Fagúndez
- Campus da Zapateira, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Daniel S Falster
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying Fan
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Emmanuele Farris
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fatih Fazlioglu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Yanhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Mendez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Dinámica de Ecosistémas Tropicales - Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
- Centro Forestal Tropical Bajo Calima, Universidad del Tolima, Buenaventura, Colombia
| | | | | | - Alessandra Fidelis
- Instituto de Biociências, Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Dan F B Flynn
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronika Fontana
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Estelle Forey
- Laboratoire ECODIV URA, IRSTEA/EA 1293, Normandie Université, UFR ST, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Cristiane Forgiarini
- Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Louis François
- Unit of Research SPHERES, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marcelo Frangipani
- University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Grégoire T Freschet
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse, Moulis, France
| | - Ellen L Fry
- School of Earth and Environment Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nikolaos M Fyllas
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Guilherme G Mazzochini
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sophie Gachet
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Rachael Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gislene Ganade
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Francesca Ganga
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Verónica Gargaglione
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Invetigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Eric Garnier
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Jose Luis Garrido
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - David Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | | | - Aelton Giroldo
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Crateús, Brazil
| | | | - Sean Gleason
- Water Management and Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mariana Gliesch
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emma Goldberg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bastian Göldel
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Andrés González-Melo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ana González-Robles
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Elena Granda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Walton A Green
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Gregor
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gross
- UCA, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Greg R Guerin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Alvaro G Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lillie Haddock
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Anna Haines
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jefferson Hall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Wenxuan Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | | | - Wesley Hattingh
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joseph E Hawes
- Applied Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Tianhua He
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Pengcheng He
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Aveliina Helm
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Hentschel
- Herbarium Haussknecht, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bruno Hérault
- Cirad, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut National Polytehcnique Félix Houphouet-Boigny, INP-HB, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
| | - Ana-Maria Hereş
- Department of Forest Sciences, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
- BC3 - Basque Centre for Climate Change, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Katharina Herz
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hickler
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Physical Geography, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andrew L Hipp
- The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, USA
- The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Maria Hock
- Institute for Ecosystem Research/Geobotany, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - James Aaron Hogan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Karen Holl
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Enqing Hou
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nate Hough-Snee
- Four Peaks Environmental Science and Data Solutions, Wenatchee, WA, USA
| | - Knut Anders Hovstad
- Department of Landscape and Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | | | - Boris Igić
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Estela Illa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Masae Ishihara
- Ashiu Forest Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Leonid Ivanov
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Larissa Ivanova
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | | | - Jordi Izquierdo
- Barcelona School of Agricultural Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Earth System Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Jackson
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
| | | | - Andrzej M Jagodzinski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kornik, Poland
- Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Jenkins
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - Anke Jentsch
- BayCEER, Department of Disturbance Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Guo-Feng Jiang
- Plant Ecophysiology & Evolution Group, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | | | | | - Eric J Jokela
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Grant Stuart Joseph
- Department of Zoology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Decky Junaedi
- Cibodas Botanical Garden - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Kebun Raya Cibodas, Cipanas, Indonesia
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA), School Of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Robert R Junker
- Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, Department Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Bioscience, University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eric Justes
- PERSYST Department, CIRAD, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Richard Kabzems
- BC Ministry Forest, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Dawson Creek, BC, Canada
| | | | - Zdenek Kaplan
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prùhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Teja Kattenborn
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- CAVElab - Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Kempel
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Mohammed I Khalil
- Department of Biology, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Nicole L Kinlock
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Wilm Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Thomas Kitzberger
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Rasmus Kjøller
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Kleyer
- Landscape Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Joice Klipel
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Brian Kloeppel
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resources, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Klotz
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Fumito Koike
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Christian König
- Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nathan J B Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Koen Kramer
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Land Life Company, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dushan Kumarathunge
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Plant Physiology Division, Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka
| | - Jonas Kuppler
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hiroko Kurokawa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Shem Kuyah
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jean-Paul Laclau
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Lafleur
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Erik Lallai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eric Lamb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrea Lamprecht
- GLORIA-Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel J Larkin
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Guerric le Maire
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Peter C le Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Tali Lee
- University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Frederic Lens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yuanzhi Li
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xine Li
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - Jun Ying Lim
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yan-Shih Lin
- Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Daijun Liu
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences - University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Joan Llusià
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Álvaro López-García
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dept. Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Zdeňka Lososová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frédérique Louault
- UCA, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Balázs A Lukács
- Department for Tisza River Research, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, DRI, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petr Lukeš
- Global Change Research Institute AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yunjian Luo
- Department of Ecology, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michele Lussu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Siyan Ma
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Michelle Mack
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Vincent Maire
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Institute of Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Azim Mallik
- Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuleica Marchetti
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FICH-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luca Marchino
- CREA - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Arezzo, Italy
| | | | - Eric Marcon
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, French Guiana, France
| | - Michela Marignani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Adam Martin
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cristina Martínez-Garza
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Tereza Mašková
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Kelly Mason
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | - Norman Mason
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Tara Joy Massad
- Department of Scientific Services, Gorongosa National Park, Beira, Sofala Province, Mozambique
| | - Jacynthe Masse
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Itay Mayrose
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - James McCarthy
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Ian R McFadden
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mara Y McPartland
- Department of Geography, Environment & Society, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Belinda Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Zia Mehrabi
- Institute for Resources Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Julie Messier
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ilona Mészáros
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Juha Metsaranta
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chrysanthi Michelaki
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Svetlana Migalina
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | | | | | - Vanessa Minden
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ray Ming
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Angela T Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Attila Molnár
- Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Martin Molz
- Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Allegre, Brazil
| | | | - Arnaud Monty
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Biodiversity and landscape, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Lenka Moravcová
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Alvaro Moreno-Martínez
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, USA
| | - Marco Moretti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Akira S Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Dave Morris
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Morrison
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Ladislav Mucina
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Dept of Geography & Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sandra Mueller
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Cristina Müller
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - François Munoz
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- French Institute of Pondicherry, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Randall W Myster
- Biology Department, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | | | - Shawna Naidu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Ayyappan Narayanan
- Department of Ecology, French Institute of Pondicherry, Pondicherry, India
| | | | - Luka Negoita
- Galápagos Verde 2050, Charles Darwin Foundation, Charles Darwin Research Station, Galapagos, Ecuador
| | - Andrew S Nelson
- Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences Department, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Eike Lena Neuschulz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jian Ni
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Georg Niedrist
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Jhon Nieto
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rachael Nolan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Yann Nouvellon
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Eco&Sols, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexander Novakovskiy
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Kristin Odden Nystuen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, NORD University, Steinkjer, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Kevin O'Hara
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Simon Oakley
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | | | | | - Ricardo Oliveira
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kinga Öllerer
- Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Mark E Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Vladimir Onipchenko
- Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Faculty of Biology, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Renske E Onstein
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jenny C Ordonez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Equador
| | | | - Ivika Ostonen
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Sarah Otto
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Wim A Ozinga
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna T Pahl
- Restoration Ecology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Patacca
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Paula
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juraj Paule
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA-Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juli G Pausas
- Desertification Research Center (CIDE-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Peco
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Luis Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), CONICET, Rio Gallegos, Argentina
| | | | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Any Mary Petritan
- National Institute for Research-Development in Forestry, Voluntari, Romania
| | | | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Valério D Pillar
- Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jan Pisek
- Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | | | - Hendrik Poorter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Plant Sciences (IBG2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Peter Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - A Shafer Powell
- Environmental Sciences Division & Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andreas Prinzing
- Research Unit ECOBIO - Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution, Université Rennes 1/CNRS, Rennes, France
| | | | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Valerie Raevel
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- French Institute of Pondicherry, Puducherry, India
- CEFE, CNRS, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Anja Rammig
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Courtenay A Ray
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Douglas E B Reid
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | | | - Victor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences & Agrotecnio Center, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Matthias C Rillig
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fiamma Riviera
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Elisabeth M R Robert
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Wood Biology and Xylarium, Royal Museum for Central-Africa (RMCA), Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Scott Roberts
- Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Bjorn Robroek
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Roddy
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arthur Vinicius Rodrigues
- Programa de pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY, Upton, USA
| | - Emily Rollinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA
| | - Victor Rolo
- Forest Research Group, INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Christine Römermann
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dina Ronzhina
- Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julieta A Rosell
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Christian Rossi
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Unit Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Geoinformation, Swiss National Park, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - David B Roy
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Nadja Rüger
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado
- Departamento de Dinamica y Gestion Forestal, INIA-CIFOR, Madrid, Spain
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabine B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Masahiro Ryo
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela Saldaña
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ignacio Santa-Regina
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Carolina Santacruz-García
- Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Joaquim Santos
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Schmidt
- Senckenberg Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (SBiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
- Palmengarten der Stadt Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Julio V Schneider
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Entomology III, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon D Schowanek
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julian Schrader
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schurr
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Marina Semchenko
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Colleen Seymour
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Julia C Sfair
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Christine S Sheppard
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Satomi Shiodera
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bill Shipley
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Carlos Sierra
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Vasco Silva
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Professor Baeta Neves" (CEABN), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mateus Silva
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Sitzia
- Department Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Henrik Sjöman
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Darwin Sodhi
- Forest Sciences Centre, Faculty of Forestry and Conservation Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pamela Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Douglas Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ben Somers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre F Souza
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Marko Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Amanda B Stan
- Department of Geography, Planning and Recreation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - James Stegen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA-Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg G Stephan
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Dejan B Stojanovic
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Maria Laura Suarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ivana Svitková
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Svitok
- Department of Ecology and General Biology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emily Swaine
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Nathan Swenson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kentaro Takagi
- Teshio Experimental Forest, Hokkaido University, Horonobe, Japan
| | - Ulrike Tappeiner
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rubén Tarifa
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), La Cañada de San Urbano, Spain
| | - Simon Tauugourdeau
- SELMET, CIRAD, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, France
- CIRAD-UMR SELMET-PZZS, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Mariska Te Beest
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nelson Thiffault
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Dominik Thom
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Ken Thompson
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Lubomír Tichý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Yue Phin Tng
- Centre for Rainforest Studies, The School for Field Studies, Yungaburra, Qld, Australia
| | - Joseph Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK
| | - Péter Török
- MTA-DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tonantzin Tarin
- Department of Soil and Plant Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Béla Tóthmérész
- MTA-TKI Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Martina Treurnicht
- SAEON Fynbos Node, Claremont, South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Valeria Trivellone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Franck Trolliet
- Unit for Modelling of Climate and Biogeochemical Cycles, UR-SPHERES, University of Liège, Liège, Belgique
| | - Volodymyr Trotsiuk
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James L Tsakalos
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ioannis Tsiripidis
- School of Biology, Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Niklas Tysklind
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (Agroparistech, CNRS, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Kourou, France
| | | | - Vladimir Usoltsev
- Ural State Forest Engineering University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Botanical Garden of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Jamil Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Jana Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- College Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Elisa Van Cleemput
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Fons van der Plas
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | | | - Mark Vanderwel
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Kim André Vanselow
- Institute of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelica Vårhammar
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Varone
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maribel Yesenia Vasquez Valderrama
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota, Colombia
- Laboratorio de invasiones Biológicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Kiril Vassilev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mark Vellend
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Erik J Veneklaas
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab - Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Department of Environment, Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Ima Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jaime Villacís
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Cyrille Violle
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Pandi Vivek
- Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa, India
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Katrin Wagner
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Waldram
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anthony Waldron
- Zoology Department, Edward Grey Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, Cambridge Conservation Initiative, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division & Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Martyn Waller
- Department of Geography and Geology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Gabriel Walther
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Harry Watkins
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - James Watkins
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Ulrich Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - James T Weedon
- Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liping Wei
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evan Weiher
- University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Aidan W Wells
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
- Maritime and Science Technology Academy, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Wenk
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Philip John White
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mathew Williams
- School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel E Winkler
- University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Southwest Biological Science Center, U. S. Geological Survey, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Chevonne Womack
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Justin Wright
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bruno X Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Ximenes
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Keiko Yamaji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ruth Yanai
- SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Nikolay Yankov
- Botanical Garden of the Samara University, Samara, Russia
| | - Benjamin Yguel
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Amy E Zanne
- Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingming Zheng
- Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Chad R Zirbel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Georg Zizka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irié Casimir Zo-Bi
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Coelho de Souza F, Dexter KG, Phillips OL, Pennington RT, Neves D, Sullivan MJP, Alvarez-Davila E, Alves Á, Amaral I, Andrade A, Aragao LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Arroyo L, Aymard C GA, Bánki O, Baraloto C, Barroso JG, Boot RGA, Brienen RJW, Brown F, Camargo JLC, Castro W, Chave J, Cogollo A, Comiskey JA, Cornejo-Valverde F, da Costa AL, de Camargo PB, Di Fiore A, Feldpausch TR, Galbraith DR, Gloor E, Goodman RC, Gilpin M, Herrera R, Higuchi N, Honorio Coronado EN, Jimenez-Rojas E, Killeen TJ, Laurance S, Laurance WF, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Lovejoy TE, Malhi Y, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Mendoza C, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Neill DA, Vargas PN, Peñuela Mora MC, Pickavance GC, Pipoly JJ, Pitman NCA, Poorter L, Prieto A, Ramirez F, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salomão RP, Silva N, Silveira M, Singh J, Stropp J, Ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Thomas-Caesar R, Umetsu RK, Vasquez RV, Célia-Vieira I, Vieira SA, Vos VA, Zagt RJ, Baker TR. Evolutionary diversity is associated with wood productivity in Amazonian forests. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:1754-1761. [PMID: 31712699 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Higher levels of taxonomic and evolutionary diversity are expected to maximize ecosystem function, yet their relative importance in driving variation in ecosystem function at large scales in diverse forests is unknown. Using 90 inventory plots across intact, lowland, terra firme, Amazonian forests and a new phylogeny including 526 angiosperm genera, we investigated the association between taxonomic and evolutionary metrics of diversity and two key measures of ecosystem function: aboveground wood productivity and biomass storage. While taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity were not important predictors of variation in biomass, both emerged as independent predictors of wood productivity. Amazon forests that contain greater evolutionary diversity and a higher proportion of rare species have higher productivity. While climatic and edaphic variables are together the strongest predictors of productivity, our results show that the evolutionary diversity of tree species in diverse forest stands also influences productivity. As our models accounted for wood density and tree size, they also suggest that additional, unstudied, evolutionarily correlated traits have significant effects on ecosystem function in tropical forests. Overall, our pan-Amazonian analysis shows that greater phylogenetic diversity translates into higher levels of ecosystem function: tropical forest communities with more distantly related taxa have greater wood productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - R Toby Pennington
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Danilo Neves
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Esteban Alvarez-Davila
- Escuela de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Sede José Celestino Mutis, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Átila Alves
- Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ieda Amaral
- Projeto TEAM-Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project, INPA and STRI, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Luis E O C Aragao
- Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Eric J M M Arets
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Luzmilla Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa del Agro y del Mar, Herbario Universitario PORT, Mesa de Cavacas, Venezuela
| | - Olaf Bánki
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Rene G A Boot
- Tropenbos International, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - José Luís C Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project, INPA and STRI, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wendeson Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Alvaro Cogollo
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín Joaquín Antonio Uribe, Medellin, Colombia
| | - James A Comiskey
- National Park Service, Fredericksburg, VA, USA.,Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | - Plínio B de Camargo
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Rosa C Goodman
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Rafael Herrera
- Centro de Ecología, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela.,Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung, Univerity of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Niro Higuchi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Susan Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Thomas E Lovejoy
- Environmental Science and Policy Department, George Mason University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Unidad Académica del Trópico, Escuela de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Sacta, Bolivia
| | | | - David A Neill
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | - John J Pipoly
- Broward County Parks and Recreation Division, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Nigel C A Pitman
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Freddy Ramirez
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Anand Roopsind
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Agustin Rudas
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Rafael P Salomão
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil.,Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brasil
| | | | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - James Singh
- Guyana Forestry Commission, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas Maceio, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John Terborgh
- Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,School of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raquel Thomas-Caesar
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Georgetown, Guyana
| | | | | | | | - Simone A Vieira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vincent A Vos
- Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado-Regional Norte Amazónico, Riberalta, Bolivia.,Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Riberalta, Bolivia
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8
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Hubau W, De Mil T, Van den Bulcke J, Phillips OL, Angoboy Ilondea B, Van Acker J, Sullivan MJP, Nsenga L, Toirambe B, Couralet C, Banin LF, Begne SK, Baker TR, Bourland N, Chezeaux E, Clark CJ, Collins M, Comiskey JA, Cuni-Sanchez A, Deklerck V, Dierickx S, Doucet JL, Ewango CEN, Feldpausch TR, Gilpin M, Gonmadje C, Hall JS, Harris DJ, Hardy OJ, Kamdem MND, Kasongo Yakusu E, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Makana JR, Malhi Y, Mbayu FM, Moore S, Mukinzi J, Pickavance G, Poulsen JR, Reitsma J, Rousseau M, Sonké B, Sunderland T, Taedoumg H, Talbot J, Tshibamba Mukendi J, Umunay PM, Vleminckx J, White LJT, Zemagho L, Lewis SL, Beeckman H. The persistence of carbon in the African forest understory. Nat Plants 2019; 5:133-140. [PMID: 30664730 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying carbon dynamics in forests is critical for understanding their role in long-term climate regulation1-4. Yet little is known about tree longevity in tropical forests3,5-8, a factor that is vital for estimating carbon persistence3,4. Here we calculate mean carbon age (the period that carbon is fixed in trees7) in different strata of African tropical forests using (1) growth-ring records with a unique timestamp accurately demarcating 66 years of growth in one site and (2) measurements of diameter increments from the African Tropical Rainforest Observation Network (23 sites). We find that in spite of their much smaller size, in understory trees mean carbon age (74 years) is greater than in sub-canopy (54 years) and canopy (57 years) trees and similar to carbon age in emergent trees (66 years). The remarkable carbon longevity in the understory results from slow and aperiodic growth as an adaptation to limited resource availability9-11. Our analysis also reveals that while the understory represents a small share (11%) of the carbon stock12,13, it contributes disproportionally to the forest carbon sink (20%). We conclude that accounting for the diversity of carbon age and carbon sequestration among different forest strata is critical for effective conservation management14-16 and for accurate modelling of carbon cycling4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannes Hubau
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Tom De Mil
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for X-ray Tomography , Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Bhély Angoboy Ilondea
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Institut National pour l'Étude et la Recherche Agronomique, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- École Régionale Postuniversitaire d'Aménagement et de Gestion intégrés des Forêts et Territoires tropicaux , Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Joris Van Acker
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for X-ray Tomography , Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Laurent Nsenga
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Toirambe
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Camille Couralet
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | | | - Serge K Begne
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Nils Bourland
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia
- Forest Resources Management, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Resources and Synergies Development, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Connie J Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Murray Collins
- Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London, UK
| | - James A Comiskey
- Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, Fredericksburg, VA, USA
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aida Cuni-Sanchez
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of York, York, UK
| | - Victor Deklerck
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for X-ray Tomography , Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Dierickx
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Doucet
- Forest Resources Management, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Corneille E N Ewango
- Wildlife Conservation Society-DR Congo, Kinshasa I, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Conservation Forestière , Epulu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Jefferson S Hall
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Olivier J Hardy
- Service d'Évolution Biologique et écologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Noel D Kamdem
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Jean-Remy Makana
- Wildlife Conservation Society-DR Congo, Kinshasa I, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Faustin M Mbayu
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Sam Moore
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacques Mukinzi
- Wildlife Conservation Society-DR Congo, Kinshasa I, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Salonga National Park, Kinshasa I, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - John R Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jan Reitsma
- Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands
| | - Mélissa Rousseau
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Resources and Synergies Development, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Terry Sunderland
- CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hermann Taedoumg
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Joey Talbot
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - John Tshibamba Mukendi
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculté des Sciences Appliquées, Université de Mbujimayi, Mbujimayi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Peter M Umunay
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason Vleminckx
- Service d'Évolution Biologique et écologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lee J T White
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Libreville, Gabon
- Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale, Libreville, Gabon
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Lise Zemagho
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
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9
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Sullivan MJP, Lewis SL, Hubau W, Qie L, Baker TR, Banin LF, Chave J, Cuni-Sanchez A, Feldpausch TR, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Arets E, Ashton P, Bastin JF, Berry NJ, Bogaert J, Boot R, Brearley FQ, Brienen R, Burslem DFRP, de Canniere C, Chudomelová M, Dančák M, Ewango C, Hédl R, Lloyd J, Makana JR, Malhi Y, Marimon BS, Junior BHM, Metali F, Moore S, Nagy L, Vargas PN, Pendry CA, Ramírez-Angulo H, Reitsma J, Rutishauser E, Salim KA, Sonké B, Sukri RS, Sunderland T, Svátek M, Umunay PM, Martinez RV, Vernimmen RRE, Torre EV, Vleminckx J, Vos V, Phillips OL. Field methods for sampling tree height for tropical forest biomass estimation. Methods Ecol Evol 2018; 9:1179-1189. [PMID: 29938017 PMCID: PMC5993227 DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the relationship between tree diameter and height is a key component of efforts to estimate biomass and carbon stocks in tropical forests. Although substantial site-to-site variation in height-diameter allometries has been documented, the time consuming nature of measuring all tree heights in an inventory plot means that most studies do not include height, or else use generic pan-tropical or regional allometric equations to estimate height.Using a pan-tropical dataset of 73 plots where at least 150 trees had in-field ground-based height measurements, we examined how the number of trees sampled affects the performance of locally derived height-diameter allometries, and evaluated the performance of different methods for sampling trees for height measurement.Using cross-validation, we found that allometries constructed with just 20 locally measured values could often predict tree height with lower error than regional or climate-based allometries (mean reduction in prediction error = 0.46 m). The predictive performance of locally derived allometries improved with sample size, but with diminishing returns in performance gains when more than 40 trees were sampled. Estimates of stand-level biomass produced using local allometries to estimate tree height show no over- or under-estimation bias when compared with biomass estimates using field measured heights. We evaluated five strategies to sample trees for height measurement, and found that sampling strategies that included measuring the heights of the ten largest diameter trees in a plot outperformed (in terms of resulting in local height-diameter models with low height prediction error) entirely random or diameter size-class stratified approaches.Our results indicate that even limited sampling of heights can be used to refine height-diameter allometries. We recommend aiming for a conservative threshold of sampling 50 trees per location for height measurement, and including the ten trees with the largest diameter in this sample.
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Gomes VHF, IJff SD, Raes N, Amaral IL, Salomão RP, de Souza Coelho L, de Almeida Matos FD, Castilho CV, de Andrade Lima Filho D, López DC, Guevara JE, Magnusson WE, Phillips OL, Wittmann F, de Jesus Veiga Carim M, Martins MP, Irume MV, Sabatier D, Molino JF, Bánki OS, da Silva Guimarães JR, Pitman NCA, Piedade MTF, Mendoza AM, Luize BG, Venticinque EM, de Leão Novo EMM, Vargas PN, Silva TSF, Manzatto AG, Terborgh J, Reis NFC, Montero JC, Casula KR, Marimon BS, Marimon BH, Coronado ENH, Feldpausch TR, Duque A, Zartman CE, Arboleda NC, Killeen TJ, Mostacedo B, Vasquez R, Schöngart J, Assis RL, Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Laurance WF, Camargo JL, Demarchi LO, Laurance SGW, de Sousa Farias E, Nascimento HEM, Revilla JDC, Quaresma A, Costa FRC, Vieira ICG, Cintra BBL, Castellanos H, Brienen R, Stevenson PR, Feitosa Y, Duivenvoorden JF, Aymard C GA, Mogollón HF, Targhetta N, Comiskey JA, Vicentini A, Lopes A, Damasco G, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Levis C, Schietti J, Souza P, Emilio T, Alonso A, Neill D, Dallmeier F, Ferreira LV, Araujo-Murakami A, Praia D, do Amaral DD, Carvalho FA, de Souza FC, Feeley K, Arroyo L, Pansonato MP, Gribel R, Villa B, Licona JC, Fine PVA, Cerón C, Baraloto C, Jimenez EM, Stropp J, Engel J, Silveira M, Mora MCP, Petronelli P, Maas P, Thomas-Caesar R, Henkel TW, Daly D, Paredes MR, Baker TR, Fuentes A, Peres CA, Chave J, Pena JLM, Dexter KG, Silman MR, Jørgensen PM, Pennington T, Di Fiore A, Valverde FC, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, von Hildebrand P, van Andel TR, Ruschel AR, Prieto A, Rudas A, Hoffman B, Vela CIA, Barbosa EM, Zent EL, Gonzales GPG, Doza HPD, de Andrade Miranda IP, Guillaumet JL, Pinto LFM, de Matos Bonates LC, Silva N, Gómez RZ, Zent S, Gonzales T, Vos VA, Malhi Y, Oliveira AA, Cano A, Albuquerque BW, Vriesendorp C, Correa DF, Torre EV, van der Heijden G, Ramirez-Angulo H, Ramos JF, Young KR, Rocha M, Nascimento MT, Medina MNU, Tirado M, Wang O, Sierra R, Torres-Lezama A, Mendoza C, Ferreira C, Baider C, Villarroel D, Balslev H, Mesones I, Giraldo LEU, Casas LF, Reategui MAA, Linares-Palomino R, Zagt R, Cárdenas S, Farfan-Rios W, Sampaio AF, Pauletto D, Sandoval EHV, Arevalo FR, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Gamarra LV, Alexiades MN, Pansini S, Cuenca WP, Milliken W, Ricardo J, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Pos E, Ter Steege H. Species Distribution Modelling: Contrasting presence-only models with plot abundance data. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1003. [PMID: 29343741 PMCID: PMC5772443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used in ecology and conservation. Presence-only SDMs such as MaxEnt frequently use natural history collections (NHCs) as occurrence data, given their huge numbers and accessibility. NHCs are often spatially biased which may generate inaccuracies in SDMs. Here, we test how the distribution of NHCs and MaxEnt predictions relates to a spatial abundance model, based on a large plot dataset for Amazonian tree species, using inverse distance weighting (IDW). We also propose a new pipeline to deal with inconsistencies in NHCs and to limit the area of occupancy of the species. We found a significant but weak positive relationship between the distribution of NHCs and IDW for 66% of the species. The relationship between SDMs and IDW was also significant but weakly positive for 95% of the species, and sensitivity for both analyses was high. Furthermore, the pipeline removed half of the NHCs records. Presence-only SDM applications should consider this limitation, especially for large biodiversity assessments projects, when they are automatically generated without subsequent checking. Our pipeline provides a conservative estimate of a species’ area of occupancy, within an area slightly larger than its extent of occurrence, compatible to e.g. IUCN red list assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H F Gomes
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie D IJff
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.,Marine and Coastal Management, Deltares, Boussinesqweg 1, Delft, 2629 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Raes
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Iêda Leão Amaral
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Salomão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Luiz de Souza Coelho
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Castilho
- EMBRAPA - Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, BR 174 km 8, Distrito Industrial, Boa Vista, RR, 69301-970, Brazil
| | - Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Dairon Cárdenas López
- Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, Calle 20 No 5-44, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Juan Ernesto Guevara
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA.,Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - William E Magnusson
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Oliver L Phillips
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Florian Wittmann
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr 1, Rastatt, D-76437, Germany.,Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá - IEPA, Rodovia JK Km 10, Campus do IEPA da Fazendinha, Amapá, 68901-025, Brazil
| | - Maria Pires Martins
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Mariana Victória Irume
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sabatier
- AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, TA A-51/PS2, Bd. de la Lironde, Montpellier, 34398, France
| | - Jean-François Molino
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Olaf S Bánki
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - José Renan da Silva Guimarães
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá - IEPA, Rodovia JK Km 10, Campus do IEPA da Fazendinha, Amapá, 68901-025, Brazil
| | - Nigel C A Pitman
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Garcia Luize
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências - IB, Av. 24 A 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Martins Venticinque
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo
- Divisao de Sensoriamento Remoto - DSR, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Av. dos Astronautas 1758, Jardim da Granja, São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Percy Núñez Vargas
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
| | - Thiago Sanna Freire Silva
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Extas - IGCE, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Angelo Gilberto Manzatto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9.5, Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - John Terborgh
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Neidiane Farias Costa Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - PPG-Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho, Km 9.5, Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.,Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Av. 6 de agosto 28 Km 14, Doble via La Guardia Casilla, 6204, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Katia Regina Casula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - PPG-Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho, Km 9.5, Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben-Hur Marimon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Euridice N Honorio Coronado
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana - IIAP, Av. A. Quiñones km 2.5, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 64 x Cra 65, Medellín, Antioquia, 1027, Colombia
| | - Charles Eugene Zartman
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bonifacio Mostacedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Jochen Schöngart
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Assis
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brilhante Medeiros
- Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W5 Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fragomeni Simon
- Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W5 Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Layon O Demarchi
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - Emanuelle de Sousa Farias
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA), Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Rua Terezina 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, AM, 69060-001, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ Pav. Arthur Neiva - Térreo Av. Brasil 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Juan David Cardenas Revilla
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Adriano Quaresma
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Flavia R C Costa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil
| | - Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Hernán Castellanos
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Calle Chile, urbaniz Chilemex, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela
| | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pablo R Stevenson
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
| | - Yuri Feitosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Botânica) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Joost F Duivenvoorden
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar Herbario Universitario (PORT) UNELLEZ-Guanare, Guanare, Portuguesa, 3350, Venezuela
| | - Hugo F Mogollón
- Endangered Species Coalition, 8530 Geren Rd, Silver Spring, MD, 20901, USA
| | - Natalia Targhetta
- MAUA Working Group Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - James A Comiskey
- Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA, 22405, USA.,Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA
| | - Alberto Vicentini
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Aline Lopes
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Damasco
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | - Nállarett Dávila
- Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, Campinas, SP, 13.083-970, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt García-Villacorta
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK.,Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Carolina Levis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.,Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Wageningen, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Juliana Schietti
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Priscila Souza
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Thaise Emilio
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.,Natural Capital and Plant Health Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA
| | - David Neill
- Ecosistemas Biodiversidad y Conservación de Especies Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km. 2 1/2 vía a Tena (Paso Lateral), Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Dallmeier
- Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA
| | - Leandro Valle Ferreira
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Postal 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Daniel Praia
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Dário Dantas do Amaral
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Antunes Carvalho
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.,Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Coelho de Souza
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.,School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Kenneth Feeley
- Department of Biology University of Miami Coral, Gables, FL, 33146, USA.,Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Coral, Gables, FL, 33156, USA
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Postal 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Marcelo Petratti Pansonato
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil.,Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Gribel
- Diretoria de Pesquisas Científicas, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Boris Villa
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Av. 6 de agosto 28 Km 14, Doble via La Guardia Casilla, 6204, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Paul V A Fine
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | - Carlos Cerón
- Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes Universidad Central, Ap. Postal 17.01.2177, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Chris Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 243, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Eliana M Jimenez
- Grupo de Ecología de Ecosistemas Terrestres Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Amazonía, Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceio, AL, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Julien Engel
- AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, TA A-51/PS2, Bd. de la Lironde, Montpellier, 34398, France.,International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 243, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário/Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza/Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, 69915-559, Brazil
| | | | - Pascal Petronelli
- Cirad UMR Ecofog AgrosParisTech CNRS INRA Univ Guyane, Campus agronomique, Kourou Cedex, 97379, France
| | - Paul Maas
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Thomas-Caesar
- Iwokrama International Programme for Rainforest Conservation, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Terry W Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA, 95521, USA
| | - Doug Daly
- New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, New York, NY, 10458-5126, USA
| | - Marcos Ríos Paredes
- Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Jr. Independencia 405, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru
| | - Tim R Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alfredo Fuentes
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, Casilla 10077 Correo Central, La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia.,Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier UMR 5174 EDB, Toulouse, 31000, France
| | - Jose Luis Marcelo Pena
- Department of Forestry Management, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Avenido La Molina, Apdo. 456, La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH3 5LR, UK.,School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh, 201 Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
| | - Miles R Silman
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | | | - Toby Pennington
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology University of Texas at Austin, SAC 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Rivas-Torres
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales-COCIBA & Galapagos Institute for the Arts and Sciences-GAIAS, Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.,Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Tinde R van Andel
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Ademir R Ruschel
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/nº, Belém, PA, 66095-100, Brazil
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado, 7945, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Agustín Rudas
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado, 7945, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Bruce Hoffman
- Amazon Conservation Team, Doekhieweg Oost #24, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - César I A Vela
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Jirón San Martín 451, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Edelcilio Marques Barbosa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Egleé L Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632, Caracas, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela
| | | | | | - Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Jean-Louis Guillaumet
- Departement EV, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris, 16 rue Buffon, Paris, 75005, France
| | | | - Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Natalino Silva
- Instituto de Ciência Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Belém, PA, 66.077-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Zárate Gómez
- PROTERRA, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Av. A. Quiñones km 2 5, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru
| | - Stanford Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632, Caracas, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Therany Gonzales
- ACEER Foundation, Jirón Cusco N° 370, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Vincent A Vos
- Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Campus Universitario Final Av. Ejercito, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia.,Regional Norte Amazónico, Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, C/Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra N° 362, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Alexandre A Oliveira
- Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Angela Cano
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
| | - Bianca Weiss Albuquerque
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Corine Vriesendorp
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA
| | - Diego Felipe Correa
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia.,School of Agriculture and Food Sciences - ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions CEED, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Emilio Vilanova Torre
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela.,School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2100, USA
| | | | - Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - José Ferreira Ramos
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Kenneth R Young
- Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd Street, CLA building, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Maira Rocha
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Trindade Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goyatacazes, RJ, 28013-620, Brazil
| | - Maria Natalia Umaña Medina
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Milton Tirado
- GeoIS, El Día 369 y El Telégrafo, 3° Piso, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Ophelia Wang
- Environmental Science and Policy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Rodrigo Sierra
- GeoIS, El Día 369 y El Telégrafo, 3° Piso, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Armando Torres-Lezama
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia.,Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS), Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Cid Ferreira
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Baider
- Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, The Mauritius Herbarium, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Daniel Villarroel
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Postal 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Henrik Balslev
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Building 1540 Ny Munkegade, Aarhus C, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Italo Mesones
- Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | - Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 64 x Cra 65, Medellín, Antioquia, 1027, Colombia
| | - Luisa Fernanda Casas
- Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
| | | | - Reynaldo Linares-Palomino
- Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC, 20008, USA
| | - Roderick Zagt
- Tropenbos International, Lawickse Allee 11 PO Box 232, Wageningen, 6700 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Sasha Cárdenas
- Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Adeilza Felipe Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - PPG-Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho, Km 9.5, Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pauletto
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Floresta, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, Campus Tapajós, Santarém, PA, 68015-110, Brazil
| | - Elvis H Valderrama Sandoval
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.,Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Freddy Ramirez Arevalo
- Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
| | - Karina Garcia-Cabrera
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Lionel Hernandez
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Calle Chile, urbaniz Chilemex, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela
| | | | - Miguel N Alexiades
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Susamar Pansini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - PPG-Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho, Km 9.5, Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | | | - William Milliken
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Joana Ricardo
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Edwin Pos
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.,Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands. .,Systems Ecology, Free University, De Boelelaan 1087, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands.
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11
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Qie L, Lewis SL, Sullivan MJP, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Pickavance GC, Sunderland T, Ashton P, Hubau W, Abu Salim K, Aiba SI, Banin LF, Berry N, Brearley FQ, Burslem DFRP, Dančák M, Davies SJ, Fredriksson G, Hamer KC, Hédl R, Kho LK, Kitayama K, Krisnawati H, Lhota S, Malhi Y, Maycock C, Metali F, Mirmanto E, Nagy L, Nilus R, Ong R, Pendry CA, Poulsen AD, Primack RB, Rutishauser E, Samsoedin I, Saragih B, Sist P, Slik JWF, Sukri RS, Svátek M, Tan S, Tjoa A, van Nieuwstadt M, Vernimmen RRE, Yassir I, Kidd PS, Fitriadi M, Ideris NKH, Serudin RM, Abdullah Lim LS, Saparudin MS, Phillips OL. Long-term carbon sink in Borneo's forests halted by drought and vulnerable to edge effects. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1966. [PMID: 29259276 PMCID: PMC5736600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Less than half of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions remain in the atmosphere. While carbon balance models imply large carbon uptake in tropical forests, direct on-the-ground observations are still lacking in Southeast Asia. Here, using long-term plot monitoring records of up to half a century, we find that intact forests in Borneo gained 0.43 Mg C ha−1 per year (95% CI 0.14–0.72, mean period 1988–2010) in above-ground live biomass carbon. These results closely match those from African and Amazonian plot networks, suggesting that the world’s remaining intact tropical forests are now en masse out-of-equilibrium. Although both pan-tropical and long-term, the sink in remaining intact forests appears vulnerable to climate and land use changes. Across Borneo the 1997–1998 El Niño drought temporarily halted the carbon sink by increasing tree mortality, while fragmentation persistently offset the sink and turned many edge-affected forests into a carbon source to the atmosphere. The existence of a pan-tropical forest carbon sink remains uncertain due to the lack of data from Asia. Here, using direct on-the-ground observations, the authors confirm remaining intact forests in Borneo have provided a long-term carbon sink, but carbon net gains are vulnerable to drought and edge effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Qie
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK.
| | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Department of Geography, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | | | | | - Terry Sunderland
- Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede, Bogor (Barat), 16115, Indonesia.,School of Environmental and Marine Science, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Dr, Townsville City, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Peter Ashton
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Wannes Hubau
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Laboratory for wood Biology and Xylarium, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Kamariah Abu Salim
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Shin-Ichiro Aiba
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Lindsay F Banin
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Nicholas Berry
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Bioclimate, Thorn House, 5 Rose Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PR, UK
| | - Francis Q Brearley
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - David F R P Burslem
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Martin Dančák
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stuart J Davies
- Center for Tropical Forest Science - Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20013, USA.,Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Gabriella Fredriksson
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Pro Natura Foundation, Jl. Jend. Sudirman No. 37, Balikpapan, 76112, Indonesia.,Pan Eco, SOCP, Jl. Wahid Hasyim No. 51/74, Medan, 20154, Indonesia
| | - Keith C Hamer
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Radim Hédl
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidicka 25/27, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lip Khoon Kho
- Tropical Peat Research Institute, Biological Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Kanehiro Kitayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Haruni Krisnawati
- Forest Research and Development Center, Research, Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No 5, Bogor, 16610, Indonesia
| | - Stanislav Lhota
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical Agrisciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic.,Ústí nad Labem Zoo, Drážďanská 23, 400 07, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Colin Maycock
- International Tropical Forestry, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jl. UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Faizah Metali
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Edi Mirmanto
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Reuben Nilus
- Sabah Forestry Department Forest Research Centre, Mile 14 Jl. Sepilok, 90000, Sandakan, Malaysia
| | - Robert Ong
- Sabah Forestry Department Forest Research Centre, Mile 14 Jl. Sepilok, 90000, Sandakan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Richard B Primack
- Biology Department, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ervan Rutishauser
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, 03092, Panama.,Carboforexpert, Hermance, 1248, Switzerland
| | - Ismayadi Samsoedin
- Forest Research and Development Center, Research, Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No 5, Bogor, 16610, Indonesia
| | - Bernaulus Saragih
- Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Jl. Pasir Balengkong, 75123, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Plinio Sist
- Forests and Societies Research Unit, CIRAD-Univ. Montpellier, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA C-105/D, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J W Ferry Slik
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvester Tan
- CTFS-ForestGEO Program, Lambir, Miri, 98000, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Aiyen Tjoa
- Agriculture Faculty of Tadulako University, Jln Soekarno Hatta km 09, Tondo, 94118, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Ishak Yassir
- Balitek-KSDA, Research, Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Soekarno Hatta KM. 38, RT 09, Samboja, Indonesia
| | - Petra Susan Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, 15705, Spain
| | - Muhammad Fitriadi
- Sungai Wain Protected Forest Management Unit, KM. 23, Kel. Karang Joang, Balikpapan, 76101, Indonesia
| | - Nur Khalish Hafizhah Ideris
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Rafizah Mat Serudin
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Layla Syaznie Abdullah Lim
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Muhammad Shahruney Saparudin
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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12
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Avitabile V, Herold M, Heuvelink GBM, Lewis SL, Phillips OL, Asner GP, Armston J, Ashton PS, Banin L, Bayol N, Berry NJ, Boeckx P, de Jong BHJ, DeVries B, Girardin CAJ, Kearsley E, Lindsell JA, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Lucas R, Malhi Y, Morel A, Mitchard ETA, Nagy L, Qie L, Quinones MJ, Ryan CM, Ferry SJW, Sunderland T, Laurin GV, Gatti RC, Valentini R, Verbeeck H, Wijaya A, Willcock S. An integrated pan-tropical biomass map using multiple reference datasets. Glob Chang Biol 2016; 22:1406-20. [PMID: 26499288 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We combined two existing datasets of vegetation aboveground biomass (AGB) (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 2011, 9899; Nature Climate Change, 2, 2012, 182) into a pan-tropical AGB map at 1-km resolution using an independent reference dataset of field observations and locally calibrated high-resolution biomass maps, harmonized and upscaled to 14 477 1-km AGB estimates. Our data fusion approach uses bias removal and weighted linear averaging that incorporates and spatializes the biomass patterns indicated by the reference data. The method was applied independently in areas (strata) with homogeneous error patterns of the input (Saatchi and Baccini) maps, which were estimated from the reference data and additional covariates. Based on the fused map, we estimated AGB stock for the tropics (23.4 N-23.4 S) of 375 Pg dry mass, 9-18% lower than the Saatchi and Baccini estimates. The fused map also showed differing spatial patterns of AGB over large areas, with higher AGB density in the dense forest areas in the Congo basin, Eastern Amazon and South-East Asia, and lower values in Central America and in most dry vegetation areas of Africa than either of the input maps. The validation exercise, based on 2118 estimates from the reference dataset not used in the fusion process, showed that the fused map had a RMSE 15-21% lower than that of the input maps and, most importantly, nearly unbiased estimates (mean bias 5 Mg dry mass ha(-1) vs. 21 and 28 Mg ha(-1) for the input maps). The fusion method can be applied at any scale including the policy-relevant national level, where it can provide improved biomass estimates by integrating existing regional biomass maps as input maps and additional, country-specific reference datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Avitabile
- Centre for Geo-Information, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Herold
- Centre for Geo-Information, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard B M Heuvelink
- Centre for Geo-Information, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, University Road, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JZ, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Oliver L Phillips
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, University Road, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JZ, UK
| | - Gregory P Asner
- Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - John Armston
- Joint Remote Sensing Research Program, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
- Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Remote Sensing Centre, GPO Box 5078, Brisbane, Qld, 4001, Australia
| | - Peter S Ashton
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Lindsay Banin
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Nicolas Bayol
- FRM Ingenierie, 60 rue Henri Fabre, 34130, Mauguio - Grand Montpellier, France
| | - Nicholas J Berry
- Institute of Geography, The University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bernardus H J de Jong
- ECOSUR-Campeche, Av. Rancho Polígono 2A, Parque Industrial Lerma, Campeche, CP 24500, México
| | - Ben DeVries
- Centre for Geo-Information, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cecile A J Girardin
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Wood Biology and Xylarium, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Jeremy A Lindsell
- The RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Potton Road, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, UK
| | - Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, University Road, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JZ, UK
| | - Richard Lucas
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Alexandra Morel
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Edward T A Mitchard
- Institute of Geography, The University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lan Qie
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, University Road, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JZ, UK
| | | | - Casey M Ryan
- Institute of Geography, The University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Slik J W Ferry
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jln Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam, Brunei
| | - Terry Sunderland
- Center for International Forestry Research, PO Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
| | - Gaia Vaglio Laurin
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Iafes Division, via Pacinotti 5, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Iafes Division, via Pacinotti 5, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Valentini
- Department of Innovation of Biological Systems, Tuscia University, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Arief Wijaya
- Center for International Forestry Research, PO Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
| | - Simon Willcock
- Centre for Biological Sciences, the University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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13
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Brienen RJW, Phillips OL, Feldpausch TR, Gloor E, Baker TR, Lloyd J, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Malhi Y, Lewis SL, Vásquez Martinez R, Alexiades M, Álvarez Dávila E, Alvarez-Loayza P, Andrade A, Aragão LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Arroyo L, Aymard C GA, Bánki OS, Baraloto C, Barroso J, Bonal D, Boot RGA, Camargo JLC, Castilho CV, Chama V, Chao KJ, Chave J, Comiskey JA, Cornejo Valverde F, da Costa L, de Oliveira EA, Di Fiore A, Erwin TL, Fauset S, Forsthofer M, Galbraith DR, Grahame ES, Groot N, Hérault B, Higuchi N, Honorio Coronado EN, Keeling H, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Laurance S, Licona J, Magnussen WE, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Mendoza C, Neill DA, Nogueira EM, Núñez P, Pallqui Camacho NC, Parada A, Pardo-Molina G, Peacock J, Peña-Claros M, Pickavance GC, Pitman NCA, Poorter L, Prieto A, Quesada CA, Ramírez F, Ramírez-Angulo H, Restrepo Z, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salomão RP, Schwarz M, Silva N, Silva-Espejo JE, Silveira M, Stropp J, Talbot J, ter Steege H, Teran-Aguilar J, Terborgh J, Thomas-Caesar R, Toledo M, Torello-Raventos M, Umetsu RK, van der Heijden GMF, van der Hout P, Guimarães Vieira IC, Vieira SA, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Zagt RJ. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink. Nature 2015; 519:344-8. [PMID: 25788097 DOI: 10.1038/nature14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics, particularly in the Amazon. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale, and is contrary to expectations based on models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J W Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - O L Phillips
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T R Feldpausch
- 1] School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. [2] Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - E Gloor
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T R Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J Lloyd
- 1] Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. [2] School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, 4870 Queenland, Australia
| | | | - A Monteagudo-Mendoza
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz.e, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - Y Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QK, UK
| | - S L Lewis
- 1] School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. [2] Department of Geography, University College London, Pearson Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - R Vásquez Martinez
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz.e, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - M Alexiades
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury CT1 3EH, UK
| | - E Álvarez Dávila
- Servicios Ecosistemicos y Cambio Climático, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Calle 73 no. 51 D-14, C.P. 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - P Alvarez-Loayza
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Box 90381, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Andrade
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA &STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus AM 69011-970, Brazil
| | - L E O C Aragão
- 1] Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK. [2] National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av. Dos Astronautas, 1758, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12227-010, Brazil
| | - A Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - E J M M Arets
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - G A Aymard C
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa, 3350 Venezuela
| | - O S Bánki
- Biodiversiteit en Ecosysteem Dynamica, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Baraloto
- 1] Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR EcoFoG, Campus Agronomique, 97310 Kourou, French Guiana. [2] International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Barroso
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus de Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - D Bonal
- INRA, UMR 1137 ''Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestiere'' 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - R G A Boot
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J L C Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA &STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus AM 69011-970, Brazil
| | - C V Castilho
- Embrapa Roraima, Caixa Postal 133, Boa Vista, RR, CEP 69301-970, Brazil
| | - V Chama
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - K J Chao
- 1] School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. [2] International Master Program of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - J Chave
- Université Paul Sabatier CNRS, UMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Bâtiment 4R1, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - J A Comiskey
- Northeast Region Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, Virginia 22405, USA
| | - F Cornejo Valverde
- Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - L da Costa
- Universidade Federal do Para, Centro de Geociencias, Belem, CEP 66017-970 Para, Brazil
| | - E A de Oliveira
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - A Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC Room 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - T L Erwin
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 187, Washington DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - S Fauset
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M Forsthofer
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - D R Galbraith
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - E S Grahame
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - N Groot
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - B Hérault
- Cirad, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Campus Agronomique, 97310 Kourou, French Guiana
| | - N Higuchi
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA &STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus AM 69011-970, Brazil
| | - E N Honorio Coronado
- 1] School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. [2] Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Av. A. José Quiñones km 2.5, Iquitos, Peru
| | - H Keeling
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T J Killeen
- World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - W F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - S Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - J Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - W E Magnussen
- National Institute for Research in Amazonia (INPA), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69011-970, Brazil
| | - B S Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - B H Marimon-Junior
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - C Mendoza
- 1] FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Sacta, Bolivia. [2] Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS), Sacta, Bolivia
| | - D A Neill
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Paso lateral km 2 1/2 via Napo, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - E M Nogueira
- National Institute for Research in Amazonia (INPA), C.P. 2223, 69080-971, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - P Núñez
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - N C Pallqui Camacho
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - A Parada
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - G Pardo-Molina
- Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Campus Universitario, Av. Ejército Nacional, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - J Peacock
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M Peña-Claros
- 1] Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. [2] Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G C Pickavance
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - N C A Pitman
- 1] Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Box 90381, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. [2] The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA
| | - L Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Prieto
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - C A Quesada
- National Institute for Research in Amazonia (INPA), C.P. 2223, 69080-971, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - F Ramírez
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - H Ramírez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de Los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Z Restrepo
- Servicios Ecosistemicos y Cambio Climático, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Calle 73 no. 51 D-14, C.P. 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A Roopsind
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, 77 High Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - A Rudas
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - R P Salomão
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Braz, CEP 66040-170, Belém PA, Brazil
| | - M Schwarz
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - N Silva
- UFRA, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, CEP 66.077-901, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - J E Silva-Espejo
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - M Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco AC 69910-900, Brazil
| | - J Stropp
- European Commission - DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Via Enrico Fermi 274, 21010 Ispra, Italy
| | - J Talbot
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - H ter Steege
- 1] Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. [2] Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Utrecht University, PO Box 80084, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Teran-Aguilar
- Museo de Historia Natural Alcide D'Orbigny, Av. Potosi no 1458, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - J Terborgh
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, Box 90381, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Thomas-Caesar
- UFRA, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, CEP 66.077-901, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - M Toledo
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, C.P. 6201, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - M Torello-Raventos
- 1] School of Earth and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. [2] Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - R K Umetsu
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina MT, Brazil
| | - G M F van der Heijden
- 1] Northumbria University, School of Geography, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK. [2] University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, USA. [3] Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panamá, Republic of Panama
| | - P van der Hout
- Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Jan Trooststraat 6, 3078 HP Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I C Guimarães Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Braz, CEP 66040-170, Belém PA, Brazil
| | - S A Vieira
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, NEPAM, Rua dos Flamboyants, 155- Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, CEP 13083-867, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Vilanova
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de Los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - V A Vos
- 1] Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Campus Universitario, Av. Ejército Nacional, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia. [2] Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, regional Norte Amazónico, C/ Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra N° 362, Casilla 16, Riberalta, Bolivia
| | - R J Zagt
- Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Pallqui NC, Monteagudo A, Phillips OL, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Cruz L, Galiano W, Chavez W, Vasquez R. Dinámica, biomasa aérea y composición florística en parcelas permanentes Reserva Nacional Tambopata, Madre de Dios, Perú. Rev peru biol 2014. [DOI: 10.15381/rpb.v21i3.10897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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15
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Mitchard ETA, Feldpausch TR, Brienen RJW, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Monteagudo A, Baker TR, Lewis SL, Lloyd J, Quesada CA, Gloor M, ter Steege H, Meir P, Alvarez E, Araujo-Murakami A, Aragão LEOC, Arroyo L, Aymard G, Banki O, Bonal D, Brown S, Brown FI, Cerón CE, Chama Moscoso V, Chave J, Comiskey JA, Cornejo F, Corrales Medina M, Da Costa L, Costa FRC, Di Fiore A, Domingues TF, Erwin TL, Frederickson T, Higuchi N, Honorio Coronado EN, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Levis C, Magnusson WE, Marimon BS, Marimon Junior BH, Mendoza Polo I, Mishra P, Nascimento MT, Neill D, Núñez Vargas MP, Palacios WA, Parada A, Pardo Molina G, Peña-Claros M, Pitman N, Peres CA, Poorter L, Prieto A, Ramirez-Angulo H, Restrepo Correa Z, Roopsind A, Roucoux KH, Rudas A, Salomão RP, Schietti J, Silveira M, de Souza PF, Steininger MK, Stropp J, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Toledo M, Torres-Lezama A, van Andel TR, van der Heijden GMF, Vieira ICG, Vieira S, Vilanova-Torre E, Vos VA, Wang O, Zartman CE, Malhi Y, Phillips OL. Markedly divergent estimates of Amazon forest carbon density from ground plots and satellites. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2014; 23:935-946. [PMID: 26430387 PMCID: PMC4579864 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The accurate mapping of forest carbon stocks is essential for understanding the global carbon cycle, for assessing emissions from deforestation, and for rational land-use planning. Remote sensing (RS) is currently the key tool for this purpose, but RS does not estimate vegetation biomass directly, and thus may miss significant spatial variations in forest structure. We test the stated accuracy of pantropical carbon maps using a large independent field dataset. LOCATION Tropical forests of the Amazon basin. The permanent archive of the field plot data can be accessed at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5521/FORESTPLOTS.NET/2014_1. METHODS Two recent pantropical RS maps of vegetation carbon are compared to a unique ground-plot dataset, involving tree measurements in 413 large inventory plots located in nine countries. The RS maps were compared directly to field plots, and kriging of the field data was used to allow area-based comparisons. RESULTS The two RS carbon maps fail to capture the main gradient in Amazon forest carbon detected using 413 ground plots, from the densely wooded tall forests of the north-east, to the light-wooded, shorter forests of the south-west. The differences between plots and RS maps far exceed the uncertainties given in these studies, with whole regions over- or under-estimated by > 25%, whereas regional uncertainties for the maps were reported to be < 5%. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Pantropical biomass maps are widely used by governments and by projects aiming to reduce deforestation using carbon offsets, but may have significant regional biases. Carbon-mapping techniques must be revised to account for the known ecological variation in tree wood density and allometry to create maps suitable for carbon accounting. The use of single relationships between tree canopy height and above-ground biomass inevitably yields large, spatially correlated errors. This presents a significant challenge to both the forest conservation and remote sensing communities, because neither wood density nor species assemblages can be reliably mapped from space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T A Mitchard
- School of GeoSciences, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
- *Correspondence: Edward T. A. Mitchard, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK., E-mail:
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- School of Geography, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Geography, University College LondonUK
| | - Jon Lloyd
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial CollegeLondon, UK
| | | | - Manuel Gloor
- School of Geography, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hans ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLeiden, the Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of GeoSciences, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
- Research School of Biology, Australian National UniversityCanberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Esteban Alvarez
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Servicios Ecosistémicos y Cambio ClimáticoMedellin, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René MorenoCasilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research – INPESão José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René MorenoCasilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Gerardo Aymard
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT)Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa, 3350, Venezuela
| | - Olaf Banki
- IBED, University of AmsterdamPOSTBUS 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Damien Bonal
- L'Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueUMR 1137 EEF, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Sandra Brown
- Ecosystem Services Unit, Winrock InternationalArlington, VA, 22202, USA
| | - Foster I Brown
- Woods Hole Research CenterFalmouth, MA, USA
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da NaturezaRio Branco, AC, 69910-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Cerón
- Herbario Alfredo Paredes (QAP), Universidad Central del EcuadorQuito, Ecuador
| | | | - Jerome Chave
- Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire EDBbâtiment 4R3, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Fernando Cornejo
- Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Facultad de Ciencias ForestalesLima, Peru
| | | | - Lola Da Costa
- Geociencias, Universidade Federal de ParaBelem, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tomas F Domingues
- FFCLRP-USP, Department of Biology, Universidade de São Paulo05508-090, Brazil
| | - Terry L Erwin
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian InstitutionP.O. Box 37012, MRC 187, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
| | | | - Niro Higuchi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManaus, Brazil
| | - Euridice N Honorio Coronado
- School of Geography, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía PeruanaAv. José A. Quiñones km. 2.5, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Tim J Killeen
- World Wildlife Fund1250 24th Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook UniversityCairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia
| | - Carolina Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaManaus, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova XavantinaCaixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon Junior
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova XavantinaCaixa Postal 08, CEP 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Irina Mendoza Polo
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Servicios Ecosistémicos y Cambio ClimáticoMedellin, Colombia
| | - Piyush Mishra
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Marcelo T Nascimento
- Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte FlumineseCampos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - David Neill
- Puyo, Universidad Estatal AmazónicaPaso lateral km 2½ via a Napo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | | | - Walter A Palacios
- Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Técnica del NorteEcuador
| | - Alexander Parada
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René MorenoCasilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen UniversityP.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación ForestalSanta Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Nigel Pitman
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke UniversityBox 90381, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Carlos A Peres
- Centre for Biodiversity Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East AngliaNorwich, NR4 7JT, UK
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen UniversityP.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogota, Colombia
| | | | - Zorayda Restrepo Correa
- Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Servicios Ecosistémicos y Cambio ClimáticoMedellin, Colombia
| | - Anand Roopsind
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaP.O. 118526, 511 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8526, USA
| | | | | | - Rafael P Salomão
- Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldiAv. Magalhães Barata, 376, São Braz, 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Silveira
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da NaturezaRio Branco, AC, 69910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marc K Steininger
- Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation InternationalWashington, DC, USA
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Centre of the European CommissionVia Enrico Fermi, 2748 TP 440, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - John Terborgh
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke UniversityBox 90381, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre77 High Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación ForestalSanta Cruz, Bolivia
- Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René MorenoSanta Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Geertje M F van der Heijden
- University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeP.O Box 413, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado, Postal 0843-03092, Panamá, Panama
| | - Ima C G Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldiAv. Magalhães Barata, 376, São Braz, 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Simone Vieira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | | | - Vincent A Vos
- Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Técnica del NorteEcuador
| | - Ophelia Wang
- Lab of Landscape Ecology and Conservation Biology, Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of OxfordOxford, UK
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Baker TR, Pennington RT, Magallon S, Gloor E, Laurance WF, Alexiades M, Alvarez E, Araujo A, Arets EJMM, Aymard G, de Oliveira AA, Amaral I, Arroyo L, Bonal D, Brienen RJW, Chave J, Dexter KG, Di Fiore A, Eler E, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira L, Lopez-Gonzalez G, van der Heijden G, Higuchi N, Honorio E, Huamantupa I, Killeen TJ, Laurance S, Leaño C, Lewis SL, Malhi Y, Marimon BS, Marimon Junior BH, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Neill D, Peñuela-Mora MC, Pitman N, Prieto A, Quesada CA, Ramírez F, Ramírez Angulo H, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Salomão RP, de Andrade AS, Silva JNM, Silveira M, Simon MF, Spironello W, ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Toledo M, Torres-Lezama A, Vasquez R, Vieira ICG, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Phillips OL. Fast demographic traits promote high diversification rates of Amazonian trees. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:527-36. [PMID: 24589190 PMCID: PMC4285998 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Amazon rain forest sustains the world's highest tree diversity, but it remains unclear why some clades of trees are hyperdiverse, whereas others are not. Using dated phylogenies, estimates of current species richness and trait and demographic data from a large network of forest plots, we show that fast demographic traits – short turnover times – are associated with high diversification rates across 51 clades of canopy trees. This relationship is robust to assuming that diversification rates are either constant or decline over time, and occurs in a wide range of Neotropical tree lineages. This finding reveals the crucial role of intrinsic, ecological variation among clades for understanding the origin of the remarkable diversity of Amazonian trees and forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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17
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ter Steege H, Pitman NCA, Sabatier D, Baraloto C, Salomão RP, Guevara JE, Phillips OL, Castilho CV, Magnusson WE, Molino JF, Monteagudo A, Núñez Vargas P, Montero JC, Feldpausch TR, Coronado ENH, Killeen TJ, Mostacedo B, Vasquez R, Assis RL, Terborgh J, Wittmann F, Andrade A, Laurance WF, Laurance SGW, Marimon BS, Marimon BH, Guimarães Vieira IC, Amaral IL, Brienen R, Castellanos H, Cárdenas López D, Duivenvoorden JF, Mogollón HF, Matos FDDA, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Stevenson Diaz PR, Costa F, Emilio T, Levis C, Schietti J, Souza P, Alonso A, Dallmeier F, Montoya AJD, Fernandez Piedade MT, Araujo-Murakami A, Arroyo L, Gribel R, Fine PVA, Peres CA, Toledo M, Aymard C GA, Baker TR, Cerón C, Engel J, Henkel TW, Maas P, Petronelli P, Stropp J, Zartman CE, Daly D, Neill D, Silveira M, Paredes MR, Chave J, Lima Filho DDA, Jørgensen PM, Fuentes A, Schöngart J, Cornejo Valverde F, Di Fiore A, Jimenez EM, Peñuela Mora MC, Phillips JF, Rivas G, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Hoffman B, Zent EL, Malhi Y, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschell AR, Silva N, Vos V, Zent S, Oliveira AA, Schutz AC, Gonzales T, Trindade Nascimento M, Ramirez-Angulo H, Sierra R, Tirado M, Umaña Medina MN, van der Heijden G, Vela CIA, Vilanova Torre E, Vriesendorp C, Wang O, Young KR, Baider C, Balslev H, Ferreira C, Mesones I, Torres-Lezama A, Urrego Giraldo LE, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, Hernandez L, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Milliken W, Palacios Cuenca W, Pauletto D, Valderrama Sandoval E, Valenzuela Gamarra L, Dexter KG, Feeley K, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Silman MR. Hyperdominance in the Amazonian tree flora. Science 2013; 342:1243092. [PMID: 24136971 DOI: 10.1126/science.1243092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The vast extent of the Amazon Basin has historically restricted the study of its tree communities to the local and regional scales. Here, we provide empirical data on the commonness, rarity, and richness of lowland tree species across the entire Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield (Amazonia), collected in 1170 tree plots in all major forest types. Extrapolations suggest that Amazonia harbors roughly 16,000 tree species, of which just 227 (1.4%) account for half of all trees. Most of these are habitat specialists and only dominant in one or two regions of the basin. We discuss some implications of the finding that a small group of species--less diverse than the North American tree flora--accounts for half of the world's most diverse tree community.
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18
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Lewis SL, Sonké B, Sunderland T, Begne SK, Lopez-Gonzalez G, van der Heijden GMF, Phillips OL, Affum-Baffoe K, Baker TR, Banin L, Bastin JF, Beeckman H, Boeckx P, Bogaert J, De Cannière C, Chezeaux E, Clark CJ, Collins M, Djagbletey G, Djuikouo MNK, Droissart V, Doucet JL, Ewango CEN, Fauset S, Feldpausch TR, Foli EG, Gillet JF, Hamilton AC, Harris DJ, Hart TB, de Haulleville T, Hladik A, Hufkens K, Huygens D, Jeanmart P, Jeffery KJ, Kearsley E, Leal ME, Lloyd J, Lovett JC, Makana JR, Malhi Y, Marshall AR, Ojo L, Peh KSH, Pickavance G, Poulsen JR, Reitsma JM, Sheil D, Simo M, Steppe K, Taedoumg HE, Talbot J, Taplin JRD, Taylor D, Thomas SC, Toirambe B, Verbeeck H, Vleminckx J, White LJT, Willcock S, Woell H, Zemagho L. Above-ground biomass and structure of 260 African tropical forests. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120295. [PMID: 23878327 PMCID: PMC3720018 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report above-ground biomass (AGB), basal area, stem density and wood mass density estimates from 260 sample plots (mean size: 1.2 ha) in intact closed-canopy tropical forests across 12 African countries. Mean AGB is 395.7 Mg dry mass ha⁻¹ (95% CI: 14.3), substantially higher than Amazonian values, with the Congo Basin and contiguous forest region attaining AGB values (429 Mg ha⁻¹) similar to those of Bornean forests, and significantly greater than East or West African forests. AGB therefore appears generally higher in palaeo- compared with neotropical forests. However, mean stem density is low (426 ± 11 stems ha⁻¹ greater than or equal to 100 mm diameter) compared with both Amazonian and Bornean forests (cf. approx. 600) and is the signature structural feature of African tropical forests. While spatial autocorrelation complicates analyses, AGB shows a positive relationship with rainfall in the driest nine months of the year, and an opposite association with the wettest three months of the year; a negative relationship with temperature; positive relationship with clay-rich soils; and negative relationships with C : N ratio (suggesting a positive soil phosphorus-AGB relationship), and soil fertility computed as the sum of base cations. The results indicate that AGB is mediated by both climate and soils, and suggest that the AGB of African closed-canopy tropical forests may be particularly sensitive to future precipitation and temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon L Lewis
- Department of Geography, University College London, UK.
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Delgado E, LeMaistre C, Bachier C, Smith B, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Hougham M, Kaleel S, Shaughnessy P. Cost Analysis of Mobilization and Autolgous Transplantation in Patients Who Received AMD3100 after Failing Standard Mobilization. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.12.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lopez-Gonzalez G, LeMaistre C, Bachier C, Smith B, Chan K, Grimley M, Cain W, Delgado E, Kaleel S, Shaughnessy P. Clinical And Cost Outcomes Of Double Umbilical Cord Blood Versus Bone Marrow And Peripheral Blood Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.12.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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