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Sawadogo A, Kagambèga A, Moodley A, Ouedraogo AA, Barro N, Dione M. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance among Poultry Farmers in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010133. [PMID: 36671334 PMCID: PMC9854744 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased use of antibiotics in livestock is a public health concern, as it poses risks of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant pathogens entering the food chains and infecting humans. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 216 poultry farms to study knowledge, attitudes and practices of poultry farmers on the use of antibiotics in urban and peri-urban areas of Ouagadougou. Results show that only 17.13% (37/216) of farmers attended training on poultry production. Majority of farmers-85.65% (185/216) were not knowledgeable about the rational use of antibiotics. When there was a disease outbreak, 31.98% (63/197) of farmers used veterinary drugs without a prescription and 22.34% (44/197) consulted a community animal health worker. It should also be noted that 79.19% (156/197) of farmers reported using chicken meat as per normal if the bird died during or right after treatment with an antibiotic. Knowledge of rational use of antibiotics was positively influenced by a good attitude adopted by the farmer during the illness of birds and negatively influenced by disease treatment success and high level of education of the farmer. Lack of knowledge about the rational use of antibiotics including their use without a prescription are serious risk factors for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Awareness of farmers and other veterinary drug supply chain actors such as drug stockists and animal health workers on best practices in antimicrobial use and promotion of good biosecurity on farms are important to reduce the misuse of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Sawadogo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Foodborne Bacteria and Viruses, Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
- Correspondence: authors: (A.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Assèta Kagambèga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Foodborne Bacteria and Viruses, Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Arshnee Moodley
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1817 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Abdoul Aziz Ouedraogo
- National Institute of Statistics and Demography, Ouagadougou 01 BP 374, Burkina Faso
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Foodborne Bacteria and Viruses, Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Michel Dione
- International Livestock Research Institute, Dakar BP 24265, Senegal
- Correspondence: authors: (A.S.); (M.D.)
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Abstract
The average time required to detect an Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak following spillover of Ebola virus (EBOV) to a primary human case has remained essentially unchanged for over 40 years, with some of the longest delays in detection occurring in recent decades. In this review, our aim was to examine the relationship between delays in detection of EVD and the duration and size of outbreaks, and we report that longer delays are associated with longer and larger EVD outbreaks. Historically, EVD outbreaks have typically been comprised of less than 100 cases (median = 60) and have lasted less than 4 months (median = 118 days). The ongoing outbreak in Democratic Republic of the Congo, together with the 2013–2016 west Africa outbreak, are stark outliers amidst these trends and had two of the longest delays in detection on record. While significant progress has been made in the development of EVD countermeasures, implementation during EVD outbreaks is problematic. Thus, EVD surveillance must be improved by the broad deployment of modern diagnostic tools, as prompt recognition of EVD has the potential to stem early transmission and ultimately limit the duration and size of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jeremiah Matson
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.,Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Daniel S Chertow
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincent J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Baratti-Mayer D, Baba Daou M, Gayet-Ageron A, Jeannot E, Pittet-Cuénod B. Sociodemographic Characteristics of Traditional Healers and Their Knowledge of Noma: A Descriptive Survey in Three Regions of Mali. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E4587. [PMID: 31752451 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Noma can be a lethal disease and causes disfigurement in young children in low-resource countries, particularly in Africa. In these settings, 80% of the population mainly consult traditional healers for healthcare problems. Our study aimed to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of traditional healers and to assess their knowledge of noma. Methods: We conducted a survey among traditional healers in three Malian regions from May 2015 to January 2016 and collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, professional activity, knowledge, and experience of noma and collaboration with modern medicine. Results: Among 770 traditional healers invited to participate, 732 responded (95%) (mean age, 54.5 years). Most were illiterate (66.3%), which was associated with older age (p < 0.001). Although they treated all types of disease, only 10.5% had some knowledge of noma, with regional differences (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Noma is poorly known among traditional healers, especially in remote areas. Our findings suggest a lack of interest among young people for traditional medicine, implying an imminent decrease of healers, and thus the need for national health systems to strengthen and promote access to modern health care. Training programmes to improve the early diagnosis referral of noma patients should include all types of primary health workers.
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Baldé BS, Sow FN, Ba K, Ekau W, Brehmer P, Kantoussan J, Fall M, Diouf M. Variability of key biological parameters of round sardinella Sardinella aurita and the effects of environmental changes. J Fish Biol 2019; 94:391-401. [PMID: 30671965 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We examined growth rates and reproductive characteristics of Sardinella aurita off Senegal and other coastal areas over a 20 year period (1995-2014) to determine how they relate to variations in environmental characteristics of coastal waters. Based on fish length-frequency data and a coastal upwelling index, we found that S. aurita recruitment tends to occur during the periods of most intensive upwelling (March-April off Senegal). Peak reproduction corresponds to periods of low sea-surface temperature (in February or March). The sex ratio was remarkably consistent during the 30 year study period and so was not affected by environmental changes. We hypothesise that S. aurita takes advantage of the higher zooplankton productivity that occurs in coastal waters when upwelling brings nutrient-rich water to the surface (i.e., it increases its growth rate and accumulates energy reserves for spawning). Growth performance appears to be strongly dependent on environmental conditions. The timing of spawning seems to occur when food (zooplankton) is most available for supplying the energy requirements needed by adults for spawning and early development of larvae. Environmental changes seem to have a significant effect on S. aurita growth and reproduction, which endorses their high phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocar S Baldé
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole (ISRA), Centre de Recherche Océanographique de Dakar-Thiaroye (CRODT), Pôle de Recherche de Hann (PRH), Dakar, Sénégal
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - France (IRD), UMR Lemar (CNRS, UBO, IRD, Ifremer), Dakar, Sénégal
- Institut Universitaire des Pêches et d'Aauculture (IUPA), Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), UCAD II, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Fambaye N Sow
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole (ISRA), Centre de Recherche Océanographique de Dakar-Thiaroye (CRODT), Pôle de Recherche de Hann (PRH), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Kamarel Ba
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole (ISRA), Centre de Recherche Océanographique de Dakar-Thiaroye (CRODT), Pôle de Recherche de Hann (PRH), Dakar, Sénégal
- Institut Universitaire des Pêches et d'Aauculture (IUPA), Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), UCAD II, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Werner Ekau
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
| | - Patrice Brehmer
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole (ISRA), Centre de Recherche Océanographique de Dakar-Thiaroye (CRODT), Pôle de Recherche de Hann (PRH), Dakar, Sénégal
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - France (IRD), UMR Lemar (CNRS, UBO, IRD, Ifremer), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Justin Kantoussan
- Université Gaston Berger (UGB), Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (UFR S2ATA), Saint-Louis, Sénégal
| | - Massal Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole (ISRA), Centre de Recherche Océanographique de Dakar-Thiaroye (CRODT), Pôle de Recherche de Hann (PRH), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Malick Diouf
- Institut Universitaire des Pêches et d'Aauculture (IUPA), Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), UCAD II, Dakar, Sénégal
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Enimil A, Nugent N, Amoah C, Norman B, Antwi S, Ocran J, Kwara A, Barker DH. Quality of life among Ghanaian adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV: a mixed methods study. AIDS Care 2015; 28:460-4. [PMID: 26643735 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1114997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In Sub-Saharan Africa, increasing numbers of children with perinatally acquired HIV (PAHIV) are living into adolescence. These adolescents face numerous unique challenges such as parent illness/death and years of medication use. Optimizing care for these youth requires an understanding of the factors that contribute to physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and quality of life (QOL). This mixed methods study collected quantitative questionnaire data from 40 Ghanaian adolescents with PAHIV (50% female, 12-19 years old) who received care through an adolescent HIV clinic in Kumasi, Ghana. The study also presents results from qualitative interviews conducted with 20 adolescents. Results from quantitative analyses suggested that a significant number of participants were not virally suppressed (67%) and participants reported barriers to treatment adherence, limited social support, concerns about disclosure and HIV-related stigma, limited resources, and lower than expected QOL. Salient themes from the qualitative analyses included limited understanding of how HIV is transmitted, the interplay between food insecurity and treatment adherence and the need for developing safe relationships through which adolescents can discuss their illness without fear of accidental disclosure of their HIV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Enimil
- a Directorate of Child Health , Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital , Kumasi , Ghana.,b Department of Child Health , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana
| | - Nicole Nugent
- c Department of Psychiatry , Rhode Island Hospital , Providence , RI , USA.,d Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Christian Amoah
- e Psychiatry Department , Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital , Kumasi , Ghana.,f Department of Behavioural Sciences , School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana
| | - Betty Norman
- g Directorate of Medicine , Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital , Kumasi , Ghana.,h Department of Medicine , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana
| | - Sampson Antwi
- a Directorate of Child Health , Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital , Kumasi , Ghana.,b Department of Child Health , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana
| | - Joseph Ocran
- i Department of Sociology , University of Ghana , Accra , Ghana
| | - Awewura Kwara
- j Department of Medicine , The Miriam Hospital , Providence , RI , USA.,k Department of Medicine , Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - David H Barker
- c Department of Psychiatry , Rhode Island Hospital , Providence , RI , USA.,d Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
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Rossi JP, Lavelle P. The spatiotemporal pattern of earthworm community in the grass savannas of Lamto (Ivory Coast). Biodivers Data J 2015:e6515. [PMID: 26696763 PMCID: PMC4678800 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.3.e6515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of earthworms on both soil physical properties and soil organic matter dynamics has been well documented (Lavelle and Spain 2001). There is a wealth of literature dedicated to the biological mechanisms at work or to empirical approaches based on field data. Assessing the functional role of a species or community implies establishing both time and space scales at which it is effectively the primary determinant of the process(es) at hand. In that context, space-time data analyses are powerful tools to process community data collected on numerous occasions but are, however, not widely disseminated in the community of ecologists. Although computer resources are available, one difficulty is that ad hoc field data are not always easily available which hinders the percolation of the methods. NEW INFORMATION We provide the results of a 5 dates survey of earthworm community in a grass savanna of Lamto (Ivory Coast) conducted between 1995 and 1997. At each sampling date, earthworm community was assessed by hand-sorting a set of 100 soil monoliths distributed on a regular grid of 5 m mesh. These data were analyzed in Rossi (2003a) and are published here with the aim that they could be reanalyzed using new statistical tools (e.g. MEM analyses see Jiménez et al. 2014) or serve as example for researchers that train on space-time statistical methods.
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Kronmann KC, Nimo-Paintsil S, Guirguis F, Kronmann LC, Bonney K, Obiri-Danso K, Ampofo W, Fichet-Calvet E. Two novel arenaviruses detected in pygmy mice, Ghana. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:1832-5. [PMID: 24188212 PMCID: PMC3837667 DOI: 10.3201/eid1911.121491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two arenaviruses were detected in pygmy mice (Mus spp.) by screening 764 small mammals in Ghana. The Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis), the known Lassa virus reservoir, was the dominant indoor rodent species in 4 of 10 sites, and accounted for 27% of all captured rodents. No rodent captured indoors tested positive for an arenavirus.
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Lewis SL, Sonké B, Sunderland T, Begne SK, Lopez-Gonzalez G, van der Heijden GMF, Phillips OL, Affum-Baffoe K, Baker TR, Banin L, Bastin JF, Beeckman H, Boeckx P, Bogaert J, De Cannière C, Chezeaux E, Clark CJ, Collins M, Djagbletey G, Djuikouo MNK, Droissart V, Doucet JL, Ewango CEN, Fauset S, Feldpausch TR, Foli EG, Gillet JF, Hamilton AC, Harris DJ, Hart TB, de Haulleville T, Hladik A, Hufkens K, Huygens D, Jeanmart P, Jeffery KJ, Kearsley E, Leal ME, Lloyd J, Lovett JC, Makana JR, Malhi Y, Marshall AR, Ojo L, Peh KSH, Pickavance G, Poulsen JR, Reitsma JM, Sheil D, Simo M, Steppe K, Taedoumg HE, Talbot J, Taplin JRD, Taylor D, Thomas SC, Toirambe B, Verbeeck H, Vleminckx J, White LJT, Willcock S, Woell H, Zemagho L. Above-ground biomass and structure of 260 African tropical forests. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120295. [PMID: 23878327 PMCID: PMC3720018 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report above-ground biomass (AGB), basal area, stem density and wood mass density estimates from 260 sample plots (mean size: 1.2 ha) in intact closed-canopy tropical forests across 12 African countries. Mean AGB is 395.7 Mg dry mass ha⁻¹ (95% CI: 14.3), substantially higher than Amazonian values, with the Congo Basin and contiguous forest region attaining AGB values (429 Mg ha⁻¹) similar to those of Bornean forests, and significantly greater than East or West African forests. AGB therefore appears generally higher in palaeo- compared with neotropical forests. However, mean stem density is low (426 ± 11 stems ha⁻¹ greater than or equal to 100 mm diameter) compared with both Amazonian and Bornean forests (cf. approx. 600) and is the signature structural feature of African tropical forests. While spatial autocorrelation complicates analyses, AGB shows a positive relationship with rainfall in the driest nine months of the year, and an opposite association with the wettest three months of the year; a negative relationship with temperature; positive relationship with clay-rich soils; and negative relationships with C : N ratio (suggesting a positive soil phosphorus-AGB relationship), and soil fertility computed as the sum of base cations. The results indicate that AGB is mediated by both climate and soils, and suggest that the AGB of African closed-canopy tropical forests may be particularly sensitive to future precipitation and temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon L Lewis
- Department of Geography, University College London, UK.
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